Roald Engelbregg Gravning Amundsen lived at the end of the Age of Discovery. In fact, he became the last of a cohort of great travelers who tried to conquer still unexplored spaces.

The entire biography of Roald Amundsen is full of bright events in which he played the “main violin”.

Biography of Roald Amundsen

Roald Amundsen was born on July 16, 1872 in the Norwegian province of Østfold in the town of Borge. WITH early age The boy was introduced to sports, and he was put on skis as soon as he began to walk independently. Although he did not shine with knowledge at school, he was distinguished by tenacity and perseverance in achieving his goals.

It was character and perseverance, coupled with forethought and caution, that allowed him to accomplish things that no one had been able to do before: to completely close the ring around globe, using the Northwest and Northeast Passages, to be the first to conquer the South Geographic Pole.

The final years of Roald Amundsen's life were marked by the rapid emergence of new types of vehicles, which brought the study of "white spots" on the map to a completely new level, reducing such achievements to the level of a hobby.

The first step in Amundsen's development as a researcher occurred after the death of his mother in 1893, when he dropped out of the university where he was studying medicine. The young man got a job as a sailor on a fishing vessel, where he diligently studied seamanship and navigation. In 1896, after passing the exams, he became a long-distance navigator, which was very useful to him in the future.

Amundsen's first expedition

Roald Amundsen's first expedition began in 1897 on the ship Belgica, where he was accepted as a navigator at the request of Fridtjof Nansen. The Belgian polar explorer Adrien de Gerlache was then setting off on an Antarctic expedition. The venture was not a successful one for the researchers. Moreover, on a ship covered in pack ice, an epidemic of scurvy broke out among the crew, and malnutrition and depression depleted the morale of the participants to the extreme.

Only the young navigator Amundsen did not lose his presence of mind, who took command and brought the ship, which had been stuck in the ice for 13 months, to open water. Some medical knowledge gained at the university helped him and most of the team. In 1899, Belgica finally returned to Europe.

Travels and discoveries of Roald Amundsen

But Roald Amundsen's main discoveries were ahead. Thanks to the experience gained, he successfully passed the exams and became the captain of the ship. Immediately after this, Amundsen begins preparations for a new expedition. In 1903, on the ship Yova, he set out to open the Northwest Passage around Northern Canada.

What Roald Amundsen did on this expedition has never been achieved before. In two years of sailing, he managed to travel from the east of the American continent to its western part. The 34-year-old traveler instantly becomes a world celebrity, although this fame did not bring him wealth.

The most high-profile case in Amundsen's life was his trip to the South Pole of the Earth. In the most difficult conditions of the Antarctic, having completed a two-month journey, he and his comrades reached the geographic South Pole, after which they returned to the expedition base.

Unfortunately, this was the “swan song” of everything that Roald Amundsen discovered. And although after this epoch-making campaign he still continued his expeditions, they did not become so loud due to the changed situation. First World War and a different approach to research, where a person’s personal qualities no longer played a dominant role, plunged the famous polar explorer into depression. He quarreled with all his friends and began to live as a hermit.

The last striking event that made the whole world start talking about him again was Amundsen’s attempt to help the Nobile expedition in disaster. Hiring a flying boat, on June 18, 1928, he took off on a search from which he never returned. This is how the life of the great polar explorer ended dramatically, although, perhaps, for people of his level, this is the best departure to another world.

Amundsen is one of Norway's most famous navigators. Since childhood, his hobby was reading books about travel to distant countries. As a child, he read almost every publication about travel to the Arctic Circle that he managed to get his hands on. Secretly from his mother, Amundsen was already in early years began to prepare for expeditions: he hardened himself, did physical exercise, and also played football, believing that this game helps strengthen the leg muscles.

The youth of the great polar explorer

When Amundsen entered the medical faculty in Oslo, he devoted most of his time to studying foreign languages, being confident that their knowledge is necessary for the journey. What Roald Amundsen discovered in geography was largely due to his long years of preparation throughout his youth.

In 1897-1899, young Amundsen took part in the Antarctic expedition of Belgian polar explorers. On the same team with him was Frederick Cook, who 10 years later would fight Robert Peary for the right to be the discoverer of the North Pole.

Outstanding polar explorers: the fight for championship

The North Pole became the goal that Roald Amundsen set for himself. What did he discover in the future, if other travelers had already fought for the extreme point of the planet before him? Officially, it was believed for a long time that Frederick Cook was the first to reach the North Pole on April 6, 1909, claiming that he had already been here on April 21, 1908. Since the evidence presented by Cook raised doubts, they decided to give the palm to Piri. But his achievements were also questioned.

The fact is that the equipment of that time had not yet reached the level of development at which one could safely assert the truth of the perfect discovery. The next person to try to conquer the unforgiving North Pole was Fridtjof Nansen. But he was unable to achieve his goal, and Roald Amundsen took over the baton from him. What he discovered and when remained forever in the history of geographical research. But Amundsen's main discovery was preceded by many trials. After the death of his mother, Amundsen decided to become a long-distance navigator. However, in order to successfully pass the exams, it was necessary to work for at least three years as a sailor on a schooner.

Roald Amundsen: what he discovered before becoming a great navigator

The future polar explorer sets off for the shores of Spitsbergen on an industrial ship. He then transfers to another ship and sets off for the Canadian coast. Before that traveler, Amundsen served as a sailor on several ships and visited many countries: Spain, Mexico, England and America.

In 1896, Amundsen passed the exams and received a diploma, which made him a long-distance navigator. After receiving his diploma, Antarctica finally becomes the place where Roald Amundsen goes. What did he discover on his first journey? Just the fact that in Antarctica the main objective- stay alive. The expedition, which was intended to study terrestrial magnetism, almost became the last for the entire crew. Severe blizzards, scorching frost and a long hungry winter - all this almost destroyed the team. They were saved only thanks to the energy of a brave traveler, who constantly hunted seals to feed the starving crew.

Changing goals

Roald Amundsen: what did he discover and what is his role in modern geographical knowledge? In 1909, when Cook and Peary officially declared their rights to discover the North Pole, Amundsen decided to radically change his task. After all, in this race he could only be second, if not third. Therefore, the polar explorer decided to conquer another goal - the South Pole. However, there were already those here who wanted to achieve this goal faster.

English Scott Expedition

In 1901, Great Britain organized an expedition led by officer Robert Scott. He did not consider geographical discoveries to be his life's work, but he approached preparations for the harsh journey with all responsibility. Roald Amundsen, what did the polar explorers discover on their travels, did they do it together? Rather, it was a desperate competition to be the first to reach the South Pole. In June 1910, Scott began an expedition to Antarctica. He knew that he had a competitor, but did not give of great importance Amundsen's expedition, considering him inexperienced. But the main thing in 1910-1912 belonged to the Norwegian.

Roald Amundsen: what did he discover? Summary of the expedition to the South Pole

Scott made his main bet on the use of equipment - motor sleighs. Amundsen, using the experience of the Norwegians, took with him a large team of dogs for sledding. In addition, Amundsen's team consisted of excellent skiers, and Scott's crew members did not pay enough attention to ski training.

On February 4, Scott's team, having reached Whale Bay, suddenly saw their competitors. The British, although they had lost their fighting spirit, decided to continue the journey. In addition to the fact that the team was shocked by the appearance of Amundsen's expedition, insufficient preparation also played a role. Their horses began to die because they could not acclimatize for a long time. One of the snowmobiles crashed. Scott realized that Amundsen's bet on dogs was the most winning decision. Despite the fact that Amundsen also suffered losses, on December 14, 1911, his team reached the South Pole.

Amundsen Roald (1872-1928), Norwegian polar traveler and explorer. First to pass Northwest Passage on the ship "Gjoa" from Greenland to Alaska (1903-06). He led the expedition to Antarctica on the ship Fram (1910-12). He was the first to reach the South Pole (12/14/1911). In 1918-20 he sailed along the northern shores of Eurasia on the ship Maud. In 1926 he led the first flight over the North Pole on the airship "Norway". He died in the Barents Sea during the search for the Italian expedition of U. Nobile.

Amundsen Rual. He was the first to navigate the Northwest Passage on the ship Gjoa from Greenland to Alaska (1903-1906). He led the expedition to Antarctica on the ship "Fram" (1910-1912). The first to reach the South Pole (December 14, 1911). In 1918-1920 he sailed along the northern coast of Eurasia on the ship "Maud". In 1926, he led the first flight over the North Pole on the airship "Norway". He died in the Barents Sea during the search for the Italian expedition of U. Nobile.

Amundsen said that he decided to become a polar traveler at the age of fifteen, when he read D. Franklin’s book about the expedition of 1819-1822, the goal of which was to find a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean around the northern shores of North America. But only at the age of twenty-two, cabin boy Amundsen first stepped on board a ship. At twenty-six he spent the first winter in high latitudes.

He was a member of the Belgian Antarctic expedition. The forced, unprepared wintering lasted 13 months. Amundsen remembered this lesson for the rest of his life.

Returning to Europe in 1899, he passed the captain's exam, then enlisted Nansen's support, bought a small yacht, Gjoa, and began preparing his own expedition. He wanted to accomplish what Franklin had failed to do, what no one had ever succeeded in doing before - to navigate the Northwest Passage. And I carefully prepared for this journey for three years. He invited people from thirty years of age on his travels, and everyone who went with him knew and was able to do a lot. There were seven of them on the Gjoa, and in 1903 - 1906 they accomplished in three years what humanity had dreamed of for three centuries.

Fifty years after the so-called discovery of the Northwest Passage by McClure, Amundsen was the first to circumnavigate North America on a yacht. From Western Greenland, he, following the instructions of McClintock's book, first repeated the path of Franklin's unfortunate expedition. From Barrow Strait he headed south through the Peel and Franklin Straits to the northern tip of King William Island. But, taking into account Franklin’s disastrous mistake, Amundsen circled the island not from the western, but from the eastern side - through the James Ross and Ray Straits - and spent two winters in Gjoa harbor, off the south-eastern coast of King William Island. From there, in the fall of 1904, he explored the narrowest part of Simpson Strait by boat, and in the late summer of 1905 he moved due west along the mainland coast, leaving the Canadian Arctic Archipelago to the north. He passed through a series of shallow, island-studded straits and bays and finally encountered whaling ships arriving from the Pacific Ocean to the northwestern shores of Canada. After wintering here for the third time, Amundsen in the summer of 1906 sailed through the Bering Strait into the Pacific Ocean and ended his voyage in San Francisco.

Amundsen considered his next task to be the conquest of the North Pole. He wanted to enter the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait and repeat, only at higher latitudes, the famous drift of the Fram. Nansen lent him his ship. While preparations were underway for the expedition, Cook and Peary announced that the North Pole had already been conquered...

“To maintain my prestige as a polar explorer,” Amundsen recalled, “I needed to achieve some other sensational success as soon as possible... I informed my comrades that since the North Pole had been discovered, I decided to go to the South Pole. All with They agreed with delight..."On a spring day, October 19, 1911, a pole party of five people on four sleighs drawn by 52 dogs set off. Initially, the route passed along the snowy, hilly plain of the Ross Ice Shelf. At the 85th parallel the surface went up steeply - the ice shelf ended. The ascent began along steep snow-covered slopes. At the beginning of the ascent, the travelers set up the main food warehouse with a supply of 30 days. For the entire further journey, Amundsen left food for 60 days. During this period, he planned to reach the South Pole and return back to the main warehouse.

Finally they found themselves on a large glacier, which, like a frozen icy river, cascaded down from above between the mountains. This glacier was named after Axel Heiberg, the patron of the expedition, who donated a large sum. The higher the travelers climbed, the worse the weather became. They called the mountain peaks that appeared before them in clear hours after the names of Norwegians: friends, relatives, patrons. The most high mountain was named after Fridtjof Nansen. And one of the glaciers descending from it received the name of Nansen’s daughter, Liv.

On December 7, 1911, they passed the southernmost point reached before them: three years ago, the party of the Englishman Shackleton reached the latitude of 88°23", but, facing the threat of starvation, was forced to turn back, only 180 kilometers short of reaching the Pole.

On December 17, they reached the point where, according to their calculations, the South Pole should be located. They left a small grey-brown tent, above the tent they hung a Norwegian flag on a pole, and under it a pennant with the inscription "Fram". In the tent, Amundsen left a letter to the Norwegian king with a brief report on the campaign and a message to his rival, Scott. Amundsen's entire journey to the South Pole and back took 99 days. Here are the names of the discoverers of the South Pole: Oscar Wisting, Helmer Hansen, Sverre Hassel, Olaf Bjaland, Roald Amundsen.

On March 7, 1912, from the city of Hobart on the island of Tasmania, Amundsen informed the world of his victory and the safe return of the expedition.

In 1925, Amundsen decided to make a test flight by plane to the North Pole from Spitsbergen. If the flight was successful, then he planned to organize a trans-Arctic flight. The son of American millionaire Lincoln Ellsworth volunteered to finance the expedition. Subsequently, Ellsworth not only financed the air expeditions of the famous Norwegian, but also participated in them himself. Two seaplanes of the Dornier-Val type were purchased. The famous Norwegian pilots Riiser-Larsen and Dietrichson were invited as pilots, and Feucht and Omdahl as mechanics. Amundsen and Ellsworth took on the duties of navigators. In April 1925, expedition members, aircraft and equipment arrived by ship at Kingsbay on Spitsbergen.

On May 21, 1925, both planes took off and headed for the North Pole. On one plane were Ellsworth, Dietrichson and Omdahl, on the other were Amundsen, Riiser-Larsen and Voigt. About 1000 kilometers from Spitsbergen, the engine of Amundsen’s plane began to malfunction. Fortunately, in this place there were polynyas among the ice. I had to go to land. They landed relatively safely, but were unable to take off. The situation seemed hopeless. Immediately after the accident, Amundsen carefully counted everything they had and established hard rations.

Finally, on June 15, the 24th day after the accident, it froze, and they decided to take off. They flew, as Amundsen put it, “with death as their nearest neighbor.” In the event of a forced landing on the ice, even if they had survived, they would have starved to death.

The meeting in Norway was solemn. They were met by crowds of jubilant people. It was July 5, 1925. It seemed that all Amundsen's troubles were a thing of the past. He was a national hero.

In 1925, Ellsworth bought an airship called Norge (Norway). The leaders of the expedition to the North Pole were Amundsen and Ellsworth. The creator of the airship, Italian Umberto Nobile, was invited to the position of captain. The team was formed from Italians and Norwegians.

On May 8, 1926, Americans set off to the North Pole. On board the plane, named "Josephine Ford", probably in honor of his wife Ford, who financed the expedition, there were only two: Floyd Bennett as the pilot and Richard Byrd as the navigator. After 15 hours they returned safely, having flown to the Pole and back. Amundsen congratulated the Americans on the happy completion of the flight.

At 9:55 a.m. on May 11, 1926, in calm, clear weather, Norge headed north, toward the Pole. There were 16 people on board. After 15 hours and 30 minutes of flight, at 1 hour and 20 minutes on May 12, 1926, the airship was over the North Pole.

The return of the travelers was triumphant. On July 12, 1926, Amundsen and his friends arrived by ship in Norway, in Bergen.

On May 24, 1928, Nobile reached the North Pole on the airship Italia and spent two hours above it. On the way back he crashed. On June 18, Amundsen flew from Bergen to rescue the Italia crew. After June 20, his plane went missing.

He was the first to reach the South Pole and the first to fly from Europe to America (Spitsbergen - Alaska); He was the first to circumnavigate America from the north on the yacht "Joa" and the first to follow along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, after he circumnavigated Europe and Asia from the north on the vessel "Maud" in 1918-1920.

Norwegian traveler, record holder, explorer and great person Roald Amundsen known all over the world as

• the first person to conquer both poles of our planet;
• the first person to visit the South Pole;
• the first person to commit trip around the world with its closure at the North Pole;
• one of the pioneers of the use of aviation - seaplanes and airships - in Arctic travel.

Brief biography of Roald Amundsen

Roald Amundsen ( full name — Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen) born July 16, 1872 in Borg, Norway. His father - Jens Amundsen, hereditary sea merchant. His mother - Hannah Salquist, daughter of a customs official.

Schooling

Rual was always at school worst student, but stood out for his stubbornness and keen sense of justice. The school director even refused to allow him to take the final exam for fear of disgracing the institution as a failing student.

Amundsen had to register for final exams separately, as an external student, and in July 1890 he received his matriculation certificate with great difficulty.

Further studies

After his father's death in 1886, Roald Amundsen wanted to study to the sailor, but the mother insisted that her son choose medicine after receiving his matriculation certificate.

He had to submit and become a medical student at the university. But in September 1893, when his mother suddenly died, he became the master of his fate and, leaving the university, went to sea.

Maritime specialty and travel to the Arctic

For 5 years, Rual sailed as a sailor on different ships, and then passed the exams and received navigator diploma. And in this capacity, in 1897, he finally went to the Arctic for research purposes on a ship "Belgica", which belonged to the Belgian Arctic expedition.

It was the hardest test. The ship was trapped in ice, hunger and disease began, and people went crazy. Only a few remained healthy, among them Amundsen - he hunted seals, was not afraid to eat their meat, and thereby escaped.

Northwest Passage

In 1903 Amundsen used the accumulated funds to buy a used 47-ton sailing-motor yacht "Yoa", built just in the year of his birth. The schooner had a diesel engine of only 13 horsepower.

Together with 7 crew members, he went out to the open sea. He managed to walk along the banks North America from Greenland to Alaska and open the so-called northwest passage.

This expedition was no less harsh than the first. I had to survive wintering in ice, ocean storms, encounters with dangerous icebergs. But Amundsen continued to conduct scientific observations, and he managed to determine the location of the Earth's magnetic pole.

He reached “residential” Alaska by dog ​​sled. He had aged a lot, at 33 he looked 70. Difficulties did not frighten the experienced polar explorer, seasoned sailor and passionate traveler.

Conquest of the South Pole

In 1910, he began preparing a new expedition to the North Pole. Just before going to sea, a message arrived that the North Pole had been conquered by an American Robert Peary.

The proud Amundsen immediately changed his goal: he decided to go to the South Pole.

The travelers overcame 16 thousand miles in a few weeks, and approached the iciest Ross Barrier in Antarctica. There we had to land ashore and move on with dog sleds. The path was blocked by icy rocks and abysses; the skis barely glided.

But despite all the difficulties, Roald Amundsen December 14, 1911 reached the South Pole. Together with his comrades he walked through the ice 1500 kilometers and was the first to plant the Norwegian flag at the South Pole.

Polar aviation

Roald Amundsen flew to the North Pole on seaplanes, landed on the island of Spitsbergen, and landed in the ice. In 1926 on a huge airship "Norway"(106 meters long and with three engines) together with the Italian expedition Umberto Nobile and an American millionaire Lincoln-Ellsworth Amundsen realized his dream:

flew over the North Pole and landed in Alaska.

But all the glory went to Umberto Nobile. The head of the fascist state, Benito Mussolini, glorified only Nobile, promoted him to general, and they didn’t even remember Amundsen.

Tragic death

In 1928 Nobile decided to repeat his record. On an airship "Italy", the same design as the previous airship, he made another flight to the North Pole. Italy was eagerly awaiting his return, national hero prepared for a triumphal meeting. The North Pole will be Italian...

But on the way back, due to icing, the airship "Italy" lost control. Part of the crew, together with Nobile, managed land on an ice floe. The other part flew away with the airship. Radio contact with the castaways was lost.

Amundsen agreed to become a member of one of the rescue expeditions of the Nobile team. June 18, 1928 together with the French crew he took off on a seaplane "Latham-47" towards the island of Spitsbergen.

This was Amundsen's last flight. Soon radio contact with the plane over the Barents Sea was lost. The exact circumstances of the death of the plane and the expedition remained unknown.

In 1928, Amundsen was awarded (posthumously) the highest honor in the United States - Congressional Gold Medal.

National hero of Norway, polar explorer, conqueror of the Northwest Passage, discoverer of the South Pole Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was born on July 16, 1872 in the city of Borge in the family of a captain and shipyard owner Verven Jens Amundsen.

Since childhood, Roald Amundsen dreamed of becoming a polar explorer; he read books about the expedition of the British polar explorer John Franklin, who in 1845 did not return from an expedition to search for the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

In 1890-1892, Amundsen, at the insistence of his mother, studied at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Christiania (now Oslo).

In 1893, after the death of his mother, he left his studies and joined the Magdalena ship as a junior sailor, sailing in the Arctic Ocean. In 1895, Amundsen passed the navigator exam and in 1900 received a ship captain's license.

In 1897-1899, Amundsen, as first mate of the ship Belgica, made his first expedition to Antarctica. The expedition was led by a Belgian naval officer, Lieutenant Adrien de Gerlache.

The purpose of the event was to study the Antarctic coast, but the expedition almost ended in tragedy when the ship, due to the inexperience of the leader, became frozen near Peter I Island. 13 months passed before the ship was freed from captivity in the ice and went out to the open sea. On the initiative of Amundsen, who actually took command during the drift, in order to survive, the team began catching penguins and seals, making warm clothes from the skin of the animals and eating their meat for food.

On June 17, 1903, Amundsen set sail on the ship Gjoa to the Arctic with six crew members. The purpose of the expedition was to find the Northwest Passage from east to west from Greenland to Alaska, and also to determine the current coordinates of the north magnetic pole (they change over time).

Amundsen crossed the Atlantic Ocean, rounded the western part of Greenland, entered the Baffin Sea, and then into Lancaster Strait. Through the labyrinth of islands on the Canadian coast, the ship slowly moved towards its goal through floating ice floes, strong winds, fog and shallow water. By the end of the summer, the expedition had found a natural harbor on King William Island near the North Pole, which made it possible to make precise scientific observations. Amundsen and his team stayed in the harbor, called "Gjoa", for two years, building observation posts equipped with precision measuring instruments. The results of the studies gave great job many scientists 20 years ahead. At this time, Amundsen studied the life of the Eskimos and learned to drive dog sleds.

In August 1905, scientific work ended, and the ship Gjoa continued its journey between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. After three months of travel, the expedition discovered a ship on the horizon that had sailed from San Francisco - the Northwest Passage was passed for the first time.

Soon after the opening of the sea route, the ship froze in the ice and remained for the third winter.

To tell the world about the expedition's achievement, Amundsen, along with an American companion, set off in October 1905 on dog sleds on a 500-mile journey through the 3-kilometer mountains to Eagle City, Alaska, where the closest telegraph connection was located. outside world. On December 5, the world learned about the opening of the Northwest Sea Route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Amundsen's next goal was to be the first to reach the North Pole. When it was reported that Robert Peary had done this, he decided to be the first to reach the South Pole.

On August 9, 1910, Roald Amundsen set sail for Antarctica on the Fram, the famous ship of the Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen. During the preparation of the expedition, it became known that the Englishman Robert Falcon Scott was also preparing for his second attempt to open the South Pole. Amundsen decided to get to the Pole first, carefully hiding his plan from the Norwegian government, as he feared that due to Norway's economic and political dependence on Great Britain, his expedition to the South Pole would be prohibited. The world learned about Amundsen's expedition to the South Pole when the Fram reached the island of Madeira (near the Canary Islands). A telegram about this reached Scott's expedition as he was leaving New Zealand.

Amundsen prepared carefully: he chose the route well, organized a system of warehouses with supplies, and successfully used sled teams with dogs.

On December 14, 1911, Roald Amundsen was the first to reach the South Pole. Scott reached the Pole only on January 18, 1912.

On July 15, 1918, Amundsen set off to the North Pole from Alaska on the ship Maud along the Northeast route, but ice conditions prevented the fulfillment of his plan. Then he decided to explore the Arctic from the air.

On May 11, 1926, Amundsen, American researcher-industrialist Lincoln Ellsworth, Italian designer, airship captain Umberto Nobile and navigator Hjalmar Riiser-Larson with a team of 12 people launched from Spitsbergen on the semi-rigid airship "Norie" ("Norway").

On May 12, the airship reached the North Pole, and on May 14, Alaska, where it descended and was dismantled. The flight, 5.3 thousand kilometers long, lasted 71 hours. During the flight to the North Pole, the Norwegian, American and Italian flags were dropped. The route of "Norway" was laid over previously unknown territories - the last blank spots on the world map were filled.

On June 18, 1928, Amundsen, along with five crew members of the French seaplane Latham, took off from the Norwegian city of Tromsø in search of the Italian designer Nobile, who crashed in the Arctic on the airship Italia. Three hours later, the Latham crashed in the Barents Sea, Roald Amundsen died along with the crew of the plane.

Umberto Nobile and his companions were discovered just five days after Amundsen's death.

Roald Amundsen never married.

The sea, the mountain and the American Amundsen-Scott scientific station in Antarctica, as well as a bay and basin in the Arctic Ocean, are named in honor of Roald Amundsen.

2011 in Norway for Roald Amundsen and Fridtjof Nansen.

December 14, 2011, on the 100th anniversary of the conquest of Antarctica by Roald Amundsen, at the South Pole by Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg to a Norwegian traveler.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources