Essay “You need to live with your heart” (based on the story “Garnet Bracelet” by A.I. Kuprin)

In a number of psychological works, I was surprised by the definition of feeling as a product of experience, thinking, accumulated experience, because in the philistine sense it is more common to perceive mental activity as a synonym for “mind”. I wonder if a person can live, obeying only spiritual impulses? Prince Igor, Katerina A.N. Ostrovsky, Oblomov, Natasha Rostova, the nameless hero of the story by I. Bunin " Sunstroke“- each of them more than once faced a choice: to listen to the dictates of reason or to live according to the call of the heart. Is it right, forgetting about common sense, to follow the rule of the Fox who taught The Little Prince: “Only the heart is vigilant”? I will try to answer this question in my essay - reasoning.

It seems to me that you can get a solution to the problem by turning to the works of A.I. Kuprin: “The Duel”, “Olesya” and, of course, one of my favorite stories - “The Garnet Bracelet”. Reading it, you learn about the main character - G.S. Zheltkov. The little official, who devoted his entire life to only one feeling - love, evokes not only great compassion. Reading the last letter of the main character, seeing his confidence that this “tremendous happiness” was sent to him by God, repeating after him: “Every moment of the day was filled with you, the thought of you, dreams of you” and “Hallowed be your name” , - I understand that this was real life. Zheltkov was not interested in what was happening next to him, “neither politics, nor science, ... nor concern for the future happiness of people.” A handkerchief kept for many years, left at a ball in the Noble Assembly, a program for an art exhibition forgotten by Princess Vera Sheina, and a single note prohibiting her from writing for 7 years make up the meaning of the hero’s life.

The fact that without this feeling of deep admiration for the princess and admiration for her, life for Zheltkov would have turned into existence becomes clear from his actions. The last telephone conversation with the object of adoration, a farewell letter with recognition and a request to remember him and play or listen to a Beethoven sonata convince us that it is impossible to live without a strong, all-consuming feeling. I try to imagine a hero following the voice of reason, refusing his silent presence in the life of Vera Sheina, not giving her his family jewel - a garnet bracelet, and I realize how empty and meaningless his life is becoming. It is no coincidence, it seems to me, that A.I. Kuprin describes in such detail the feelings of melancholy and anxiety that gripped Vera Sheina at the moment when she learns about Zheltkov’s death. Her understanding of what passed by, as General Anosov said, eternal, exceptional, real love, “which is repeated only once every thousand years,” helps the reader answer the question of whether it is possible to live only by feelings.

A.I. Kuprin, his story “The Garnet Bracelet” and the story of G.S. Zheltkov helped me understand: a person, of course, can live with his heart only if he experiences sincere, deep, real feelings.

We have described the 5 most popular problems related to the topic of love for essays on the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. They are all contained. Each of them is accompanied by three arguments from Russian literature school course. You can download a table with examples from the link at the end of the article.

1. Love plays an important role in a person’s life, and Karamzin perfectly proves this idea in his sentimental story "Poor Lisa". The main character of the work responds to the feelings of the young nobleman Erast and can no longer imagine life without her loved one. However, the heroes have to part ways, since Erast needs to go on a campaign with the regiment. A few months later, Lisa meets her lover and finds out that he is engaged to a rich widow. The girl is not able to withstand this, because feelings are for poor Lisa stand above other values. The story ends rather sadly: never having come to terms with the loss of love, the girl throws herself into the water.
2. Some people think that love is not the most important thing in life, so they ignore feelings. This is precisely the position we observe in the protagonist of Turgenev’s novel "Fathers and Sons" Evgenia Bazarova. Evgeny is a nihilist, that is, a person who does not give preference to authoritative values ​​and does not bow to them. For him, the main thing is science and medicine. However, no matter how much he defends his rightness, love can be found in the life of even such a contradictory character. Communicating with Anna Odintsova, Bazarov discovers the romantic in himself. For a person, love is of great importance, so even the nihilist Bazarov cannot avoid its influence on his behavior. Because of his disregard for emotions, he failed the test of love and died in the prime of his life.
3. Love brings both joy and misery, inspires and breaks the heart. Dostoevsky writes about this unearthly and contradictory feeling and the role it plays in people’s lives in his story "White Nights". The main character, a dreamer, falls in love with a young girl Nastenka, who is awaiting the return of her lover, which should already take place. Having never received news from him, the girl responds to the feelings of the main character. However, having met the expected man, Nastenka leaves the dreamer. The main character, reading Nastya’s letter of apology, forgives her and understands that meeting her is the brightest thing that happened in his life.

Loyalty and betrayal in love

1. It is difficult for true love to do without fidelity, although there are such unpredictable situations in life that sometimes these concepts do not complement each other at all. Let's turn to the novel in verse by Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". In her youth, Tatyana Larina fell in love with the main character and confessed her feelings in a letter, to which Onegin gently refused the girl. However, after a while, tender feelings awoke in Evgenia, but at that time she was already a married lady. Despite her undying feelings for an old acquaintance, Tatyana remained faithful to her husband.
2. In Ostrovsky's play "Storm" The main character Katerina has a hard time living with her family, especially because of the reproaches of her mother-in-law Kabanikha. When a girl meets Boris, although she experiences pangs of conscience, she still goes on dates with him. After a while, she finally decides to confess to her returning husband Tikhon of treason, after which she is kicked out of the house. The girl remains rejected by Boris, so she throws herself into the water. Tikhon, despite his mother’s reproaches, understood that he had only tender feelings for his guilty wife: he felt sorry for her, so he even forgave her for her betrayal. When he says goodbye to his wife, holding her body in his arms and finally rebuffs his mother, the reader understands how sincerely he loved Katerina.
3. In the epic novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy shows the reader with an example own heroes, that, unfortunately, fidelity does not matter to everyone. Let us remember the marriage of Pierre Bezukhov and Helen Kuragina: there was no love there, Helen married Pierre after learning that he was a wealthy heir. The man also did not experience reciprocal feelings for his wife, but remained faithful to her to the end, which cannot be said about the heroine. Marriage did not play an important role for her, so Mrs. Bezukhova ignored her status as a married lady. Perhaps fate rewarded Pierre for his loyalty even to the unloved Helen happy family with Natasha Rostova, in whom there was no talk of betrayal.

Selflessness in the name of feeling

1. Love often creates barriers for people and is obtained with great difficulty. In his novel "Master and Margarita" Mikhail Bulgakov proves that sometimes you have to sacrifice a lot for the sake of a loved one. Finding herself separated from the Master, Margarita is not going to give up and live without him. For the sake of her loved one, she takes a magic cream from Azazello, turning into a witch. She also selflessly gives her soul to Woland, becoming the queen at his ball. What a girl doesn’t do to ensure that her lover and his manuscript, which is significant for them, return! It is thanks to Margarita’s dedication that the heroes are reunited.
2. Selflessness in the name of love is a quality inherent not only to knights and warriors, but also to more modern characters. Turning to Goncharov's novel "Oblomov", willy-nilly you note the character of the lazy main character. Ilya Ilyich does not want to make a career and conquer generally accepted heights. It seems like nothing can get him off the couch. However, Stolz introduces his friend to Olga Ilyinskaya, and for her sake Oblomov changes his lifestyle. He follows her to the dacha, invites Olga to become his wife and receives consent. Although he then gives up and returns to the sofa, for his beloved he still tried to change himself and his life.
3. When you love a person, you want to make him happy - that’s why you have to be selfless from time to time. Let's turn to the story by Alexander Kuprin "Garnet bracelet". The main character Georgy Zheltkov was in love with Princess Vera Nikolaevna for many years. Several times a year he wrote letters, tried to call her, and Vera told him that she would be calmer without him. Having decided not to bother his beloved anymore, but also not imagining life without her, the hero decides to shoot himself. Georgy sacrificed his life for the sake of his beloved, but Vera was not so selfless, realizing too late that she had missed true love.

Jealousy: pros and cons

1. Often love cannot do without feelings of jealousy, and many literary characters, as well as real people, experience negative emotions towards others out of affection for a loved one. In Griboedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" Alexander Andreevich Chatsky returns to Moscow and visits Famusov’s house. He meets with Sophia, who already prefers Molchalin to him. Of course, this situation is unpleasant for him, and besides, Molchalin does not inspire approval from Chatsky. He deceives Sophia, trying to win Lisa's attention, and when this is discovered, Sophia, just like main character, experiences hostility and jealousy. However, this feeling is the only real spark of life in the swamp of hypocrisy and pretense. secular salons. It, as we see, is inherent in a sincere person like Chatsky, but is completely alien to all inhabitants of Moscow society. Having experienced heartache, Sophia is also transformed, because she learns an important life lesson. Thus, jealousy is not always bad; it often indicates deep nature and true love.
2. Love is often the cause of quarrels, misunderstandings, wars, and most often it is jealousy that indulges these discords. I remember a novel in verse by Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". After the explanation with Tatyana, the hero did not want to be at the name day at all, and he became seriously angry with his friend Vladimir Lensky for not taking his wishes into account. Evgeny began to court Olga Larina, which, of course, did not suit the young poet at all. Lensky challenges Onegin to a duel, in which he himself died. Because of jealousy, everyone found only misfortune: Eugene caused the death of a friend, Olga lost her lover, and Vladimir himself died.
3. Often strange behavior heroes is explained either by love or jealousy. In the novel "Hero of our time" Mikhail Lermontov shows the reader that jealousy does not lead to anything good. As we remember, Pechorin had a special relationship with Vera; he loved this fragile blond lady. Vera is a married woman, and this thought was very unpleasant for Gregory. The heroine herself had a similar feeling when she felt indignant about Pechorin’s communication with Mary, although she understood that for him it was not so serious. Jealousy did not bring the lovers closer together, but, on the contrary, only alienated them and separated them forever. Vera, in a fit of melancholy, told her husband everything, and he took her away from the unlucky gentleman.

The resurrecting power of feeling

1. Love and kindness towards people can help a person get out of difficult situations and understand himself. Thus, the heroine of the novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", Sonya Marmeladova was able to save Raskolnikov from the terrible consequences associated with contemplating the crime he committed. Rodion almost went crazy, analyzing the outcome of his theory about ordinary and extraordinary people, and only thanks to Sonya's responsiveness and love he was able to emotionally save himself from himself. The girl supported the hero, encouraged him to repent, guiding him on the path of moral resurrection. It was thanks to her support that Raskolnikov coped with his thoughts and fears.
2. In Bulgakov's novel "Master and Margarita" love becomes one of the main stimuli of life. Moreover, it is this bright feeling that saves the heroes from despair and fills their existence with happiness. Upon arrival in Moscow, Woland discovers that many residents are puzzled by the “housing issue,” and although the Master and Margarita no less need money, the main thing for them is not material, but spiritual superiority. For the sake of their feelings, they overcome obstacles, just to reunite and not separate. Their love became the resurrecting force that united the heroes forever.
3. Love influences a person in many ways, and can even turn youthful maximalism into prudence and commercialism. In Goncharov's novel "An Ordinary Story" The main character, Alexander Aduev, expected that his life would turn out completely differently: meeting Nadya and falling in love with her gave Alexander new hopes and bright dreams. Perhaps, if Nadenka had not become interested in Count Novinsky and had not broken Alexander’s heart, love would have become a kind of resurrecting symbol for him. However, the plot develops differently, and the hero’s reincarnation begins with disappointment in a bright feeling. Sometimes love can save a person, but, unfortunately, it happens that it only destroys the ideal idea of ​​​​life.

"Reason and Feeling"

Official comment:

The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as two important components inner world a person that influences his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in the complex confrontation that constitutes internal conflict personality. The topic of reason and feeling is interesting for writers different cultures and eras: heroes literary works often find themselves faced with a choice between the dictates of feeling and the prompting of reason.

Aphorisms and sayings famous people:

There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of the feelings. MM. Prishvin

If the feelings are not true, then our whole mind will turn out to be false. Lucretius

A feeling held captive by crude practical needs has only a limited meaning. Karl Marx

No imagination can come up with such a multitude of contradictory feelings that usually coexist in one human heart. F. La Rochefoucauld

Seeing and feeling is being, thinking is living. W. Shakespeare

Dialectical unity of reason and feeling - central problem sets works of art world and Russian literature. Writers, depicting the world of human intentions, passions, actions, judgments, one way or another touch on these two categories. Human nature is structured in such a way that the struggle between reason and feeling inevitably gives rise to an internal conflict of personality, and therefore provides fertile ground for the work of writers - artists of human souls.

List of literature in the direction of “Reason and Feeling”

A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

A.M. Gorky "At the Bottom"

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

Guy de Maupassant "The Necklace"

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

N.M. Karamzin "Poor Liza"

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

MATERIALS for literary arguments.

( Introduction )

What is love? Each person will answer this question differently. For me, love is the desire to always be there, despite quarrels, problems, grievances and misunderstandings, the desire to find a compromise, the ability to forgive and support in a difficult situation. Great happiness if love is mutual. But there are situations in life when an unrequited feeling arises. Unrequited love brings great suffering to a person. But the worst thing is when an unrequited feeling becomes beyond the control of reason and leads to an irreparable tragedy.(69 words)

(Argument)

Love is an eternal theme of world fiction. Many authors describe this great feeling in their works. And I would like to remember Kuprin’s wonderful story “The Garnet Bracelet”. On the first pages of the work, the life of the Shein family is revealed to us. There is no longer love in the married couple, and Vera Nikolaevna is disappointed in her marriage. She feels despondent in her soul. We can only guess that she, like any woman, wants attention, affection, care. Unfortunately, main character doesn’t understand that it’s all very close. A minor official, Georgy Zheltkov, has been in love with Vera Nikolaevna for eight years with an unusually strong and sincere love. He fell in love with her at first sight and was happy because God rewarded him with this feeling. But the main character did not pay attention to the man of humble origin. Vera Nikolaevna is getting married and asks Zheltkov not to write to her anymore. We can only guess what difficulties this brought to our hero and marvel at his fortitude. Georgy did not have the opportunity to be close to Vera, to be loved by her, but he is happy because she simply exists, because Vera lives in this world. Zheltkov gives Vera Nikolaevna a garnet bracelet for her birthday. He does not expect Mrs. Sheina to carry the gift. But George is warmed by the thought that his beloved will simply touch this decoration. For Vera, this bracelet evokes a feeling of anxiety; the shimmer of the stones reminds her of drops of blood. Thus, the author makes it clear to us that a reciprocal feeling for Zheltkov begins to arise in the main character. She worries about him, feels trouble is approaching. Vera raises the topic of love in a conversation with a friend of her parents, whom she considers a grandfather, and she begins to understand that Zheltkov’s love is that very real and rare sincere love. But Vera’s brother, Nikolai Nikolaevich, outraged by George’s gift, intervenes and decides to talk to Zheltkov. The main character of the work understands that he cannot escape his love. Neither leaving nor prison will help him. But he feels that he is interfering with his beloved, Georgy idolizes Vera, he is ready to do everything for her well-being, but he cannot overcome his feelings, and Zheltkov decides to commit suicide. This is how strong unrequited love led to tragedy. And Vera, unfortunately, realized too late that a very rare and sincere love had passed her by. No one and nothing can correct the situation if the person is gone.(362 words)

(Conclusion)

Love is a great feeling, but it is very scary when it leads to tragedy. No matter how strong your feelings are, you cannot lose your mind. Life is the best thing that is given to a person. The same can be said about love. And no matter what trials come our way, we must keep our feelings and mind in harmony.(51 words)

A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 132)

The hero of Kuprin's story “The Garnet Bracelet,” Georgy Zheltkov, could not cope with his feelings. This man, having seen Vera Nikolaevna once, fell in love with her for the rest of his life. George did not expect reciprocity from the married princess. He understood everything, but he couldn’t help himself. Faith was the small meaning of Zheltkov’s life, and he believed that God rewarded him with such love. The hero showed his feelings only in letters, without showing himself to the princess. On the day of the Angel of Faith, a fan gave his beloved a garnet bracelet and attached a note in which he asked for forgiveness for the trouble he had once caused. When the princess’s husband, together with her brother, found Zheltkov, he admitted the indecency of his behavior and explained that he sincerely loved Vera and this feeling could only be extinguished by death. Finally, the hero asked Vera’s husband for permission to write her a last letter, and after the conversation he said goodbye to life.

A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet” Love or madness? "Reason and Feeling"

(Introduction 72) Love is one of the warmest feelings a person can experience. She can fill the heart with joy, inspire and give vitality to a lover, But, unfortunately, this feeling does not always make a person happy. The lack of reciprocity breaks people's hearts, dooms them to suffering, and then a person can lose his mind, turning the object of adoration into some kind of deity that he is ready to worship forever. We often hear that lovers are called crazy. But where is this fine line between conscious feeling and addiction?

(Argument 160) The work of A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet” makes readers think about this question. The main character pursued his beloved for many years, and then committed suicide. What pushed him to these actions: love or madness? I believe that it was still a conscious feeling. Zheltkov fell in love with Vera. Having seen her only once. Being a minor official, he realized social inequality with his beloved, and therefore did not even try to win her favor. It was enough for him to admire the princess from the outside without intruding into her life. Zheltkov shared his feelings with Vera in letters. The hero wrote to his beloved even after her marriage, although he admitted the indecency of his behavior. The princess's husband treated Grigory Stepanovich with understanding. Shein told his wife that Zheltkov loved her and was not crazy at all. Of course, the hero showed weakness by deciding to commit suicide, but he came to this consciously, concluding that only death could end his love. He knew that without Vera he could not be happy and, at the same time, he did not want to disturb her.

(Argument 184) N In the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and reason is raised very often. So, for example, in the epic novel by Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy “War and Peace” two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, the impetuous Natasha Rostova, the sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, the fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other, the arrogant and calculating Helen Kuragina and her callous brother Anatol. Many conflicts in the novel occur precisely because of the excess feelings of the characters, the ups and downs of which are very interesting to watch. A striking example of how an outburst of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, and impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha, because for her, funny and young, it was an incredibly long time to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flared up feelings? feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here a real drama of the mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine unfolds before us; she faces a difficult choice: leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole or not give in to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made; only an accident prevented Natasha. We cannot blame the girl, knowing her impatient character and thirst for love. Natasha’s impulse was dictated by her feelings, after which she regretted her action when she analyzed it.

L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 93) The main character of the novel - L.N. Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace", young Natasha Rostova, needed love. Being separated from her fiancé, Andrei Bolkonsky, the naive girl, in search of this feeling, trusted the insidious Anatoly Kuragin, who did not even think of connecting his life with Natasha. An attempt to escape with a person of ill repute is a risky act that Natasha Rostova decided to do, relying primarily on feelings. The sad outcome of this adventure is known to everyone: the engagement of Natasha and Andrei was terminated, ex-lover suffer, the reputation of the Rostov family is shaken. If Natasha thought about possible consequences, she wouldn't be in this position.

L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 407) In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" categories of reason and feeling are brought to the fore. They are expressed in two main characters: Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. A girl lives by feelings, a man lives by reason. Andrei is driven by patriotism, he feels responsible for the fate of the Fatherland, for the fate of the Russian army, and considers it necessary to be where it is especially difficult, where the fate of what is dear to him is being decided. Bolkonsky begins his military service from the lower ranks among the adjutants at Kutuzov’s headquarters; Andrei is not looking for an easy career or awards. In Natasha's life, everything is based on feelings. The girl has a very easy character, Natasha enjoys life. She illuminates and warms her loved ones like the sun. When we meet Andrey, we see in him a restless person, dissatisfied with his real life. The birth of a child and at the same time the death of his wife, before whom he felt guilty, in my opinion, aggravated, so to speak, Bolkonsky’s spiritual crisis. Natasha became the reason for Bolkonsky's spiritual revival. Love for the cheerful, poetic Natasha gives birth in Andrey’s soul to dreams of family happiness. Natasha became the second for him, new life. She had something that the prince did not have, and she harmoniously complemented him. Next to Natasha, Andrei felt revived and rejuvenated. All her living emotions gave him strength and inspired him to new things and events. After Natasha’s confession, Andrei’s ardor subsides. Now he feels responsible for Natasha. Andrei proposes to Natasha, but at the request of his father, he postpones the wedding for a year. Natasha and Andrey - very different people. She is young, inexperienced, trusting and spontaneous. He already has a whole life behind him, the death of his wife, his son, the trials of difficult wartime, a meeting with death. Therefore, Andrei cannot fully understand what Natasha feels, that waiting is very painful for her, she cannot restrain her feelings, her desire to love and be loved. This led to Natasha cheating on Andrey and they break up. Bolkonsky goes to war and is mortally wounded. Experiencing severe suffering, realizing that he is dying, before the threshold of death he experiences a feeling of universal love and forgiveness. At this tragic moment, another meeting of Prince Andrei and Natasha takes place. War and suffering made Natasha an adult, now she understands how cruelly she treated Bolkonsky, betrayed him wonderful person because of his childhood passion. Natasha is on her knees asking the prince for forgiveness. And he forgives her, he loves her again. He already loves with unearthly love, and this love brightens him up last days in this world. Only at this moment Andrei and Natasha were able to understand each other and acquired what they had been missing. But it was already too late.

(Argument 174) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the play “The Thunderstorm”. In this work, A. N. Ostrovsky was able to convey with all the vividness of emotions mental anguish main character. In the 19th century, a huge number of marriages were not for love; parents tried to marry someone who was richer. The girls were forced to live with an unloved person all their lives. Katerina found herself in a similar situation, who was married to Tikhon Kabanov from a wealthy merchant family. Katya's husband was a pitiful sight. Irresponsible and childish, he was incapable of anything other than drunkenness. Tikhon’s mother, Marfa Kabanova, embodied the ideas of tyranny and hypocrisy inherent in everything “ dark kingdom“, so Katerina was constantly under pressure. The heroine strives for freedom; it was difficult for her in the conditions of slavish worship of false idols. The girl found solace in communicating with Boris. His care, affection and sincerity helped the unfortunate heroine forget about the oppression from Kabanikha. Katerina realized that she was doing wrong and could not live with it, but her feelings turned out to be stronger, and she cheated on her husband. Tormented by remorse, the heroine repented to her husband, after which she threw herself into the river.

A. N. Ostrovsky play “The Thunderstorm” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 246) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the work of A. N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm”. The play takes place in the fictional city of Kalinov on the banks of the Volga. Main actors The plays are Katerina and Kabanikha. In the nineteenth century, girls were not given in marriage for love; everyone wanted to give their daughter to a richer family. Katerina found herself in such a situation. She finds herself in the world of Kabanikha, where outdated patriarchal morality reigns. Katerina strives to free herself from the shackles of coercion and admiration. She is attracted by dreams, spirituality, and sincerity.Katerina’s character is a place of collision between fear of God and sinful, illegal passions. With her mind, the main character understands that she is a “husband’s wife,” but Katerina’s soul requires love. main characterfalls in love with another man, although he tries to resist it.The heroine is given a tantalizing opportunity to commit this sin by meeting her lover, to go beyond what is permitted, but only on the condition that outsiders do not find out about it. Katerina takes the key to the gate at the Kabanov estate, which Varvara gives her, she accepts her sin, she takes up protest, but dooms herself to death from the very beginning.For Katerina, the commandments of the church and patriarchal world have the greatest significance. She wants to be pure and flawless. After her fall, Katerina was unable to hide her guilt in front of her husband and people. She realizes the sin she committed and at the same time wants to know the happiness of true love. She does not see forgiveness for herself and the end of the torments of her conscience; she considers her soul ruined. Feelings overcame Katerina’s reason, she cheated on her husband, but the main character could not live with this, so she decided to commit an even more terrible sin from a religious point of view - suicide.

(Argument232) The plot of the play was the life of the inhabitants of the flophouse, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, no simple bread. They don't see the meaning of their existence. But even in seemingly unbearable conditionstopics such as the question of truth and lies are raised . Reflecting on thistopic , the author compares central characters plays. Satin and the wanderer Luke are heroes - antipodes. When Elder Luke appears at the shelter, he tries to inspire each of the residents. With all the sincerity of his feelings, he tries to inspire the unfortunate, not to let them wither away. According to Luke, they could not be helped by telling the truth that nothing would change in their lives. So he lied to them, thinking that this would bring salvation for them. It will change their attitude to what is happening and instill hope in them. The hero wanted with all his heart to help the unfortunate, to instill hope in them. The hero with all his heart wanted to help the unfortunate, to make their lives at least a little brighter. He didn’t think about the fact that sweet lies can be worse than the bitter truth. Satin was harsh. He relied only on his thoughts and looked at the situation soberly. “Luke’s fairy tales made him angry, because he is a realist and is not used to “fictional happiness.” This hero called people not to blind hope, but to fight for their rights. Gorky posed the question to his readers: which of them is more right? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author leaves it open. Everyone must decide for themselves.

M. Gorky play “At the Bottom” “Reason and Feeling”

(Introduction 62) What is better - truth or compassion? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. If the question asked what is better - truth or lie, my answer would be unequivocal. But the concepts of truth and compassion cannot be opposed to each other. You need to look for a fine line between them. There are situations when telling the bitter truth is the only right decision. But sometimes people need a sweet lie, compassion for support, to lift their spirits.

(Argument 266) I am convinced of the correctness of this point of view fiction. Let us turn to M. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom”. The action takes place in the Kostylevs' rooming house, in which completely different people have gathered. Their difficult fate brought them together. And then Elder Luke appears in the lives of people who have lost everything. He tells them what wonderful Life What awaits them is how everything will change, if only they want it. The inhabitants of this shelter no longer hope to get back into the people. They have come to terms with the fact that their lives are doomed; they will not get out of poverty. But Luka is a kind person by nature, he takes pity on them and instills hope. His consoling speeches affected each person differently. The two most striking examples are Anna and Actor. Anna was seriously ill and was dying. Luka calms her down, says that afterlife Only good things await her. The elder became the last relative in her life, she asked to sit next to her and talk to her. Luke helped Anna with his compassion, he made her last days of life easier, brought joy and hope into them. And Anna went to the next world with a calm soul. But compassion played a role with the Actor cruel joke. Luka told him about a hospital where the body is rid of the effects of alcohol. The actor was very worried about the fact that his body was poisoned and was glad to hear Luke’s stories, which gave him hope for better life. But when the Actor found out that such a hospital did not exist, he broke down. A man believed in a better future, and then found out that his hopes were doomed. The actor could not cope with such a blow of fate and committed suicide. A man is a friend to man. We must help each other, show sympathy, compassion, but we must not harm each other. A sweet lie can bring more trouble than the bitter truth.

(Argument 86) The hero opposite to Luke is Satin. The elder’s stories irritated him, because he is a realist. He is used to the harsh reality. Satin is very harsh, he thinks. That you should not hope blindly, but fight for your happiness. Did Satin somehow help his cohabitants with the truth? Did the shelter's inhabitants need another reminder that their lives were at rock bottom? I think not. Gorky posed a question to his readers: who is right, Luka or Satin? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author left it open in his work.

(Pin 70) Each person must choose his own path. But we must help each other. Telling the truth or showing compassion is everyone's choice. You need to act depending on the situation. The main thing is not to cause harm with your intervention. After all, not only our life, but also the life of our environment depends on us. With our words and actions we influence our loved ones and acquaintances, so in every situation we must think about what is better - truth or compassion?

(Argument205) The crowning achievement of the famous Russian writer A. S. Griboyedov is the play “Woe from Wit.” It was in this work The author touches on such important topics. Like the harm of rank and bureaucracy, the inhumanity of serfdom, issues of education and enlightenment, the honesty of serving the fatherland and duty, the identity, the nationality of Russian culture. The writer also exposes the vices of people, which to this day exist in each of us. Using the example of the central characters of the play, Griboedov makes us think: is it always worth acting according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism, sycophancy, and lies is Alexey Stepanovich Molchalin. This character is not at all harmless. With his obsequiousness, he successfully makes his way into high society. His “talents” - “moderation and accuracy” - provide him with a pass to “high society.” Molchalin is a staunch conservative, dependent on the opinions of others and pandering to “all people without exception.” It would seem that this is the right choice, a cold mind and tough calculation are better than the vague feelings of the heart, but the author ridicules Alexei Stepanovich, showing the reader the insignificance of his existence. Mired in the world of hypocrisy and lies, Molchalin lost all his bright and sincere feelings, which led to the complete collapse of his sinister plans. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the great Russian writer wanted to convey to the hearts of readers that the most important thing is to remain yourself, act according to your conscience and listen to your heart.

A. S. Griboyedov play “Woe from Wit” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument345) Let us turn to A. S. Griboyedov’s play “Woe from Wit.” Young Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, brilliant with intelligence and wit, arrives at the mansion of the Moscow landowner-nobleman Famusov. His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow. In the not-too-distant past, Chatsky managed to recognize Sophia as an intelligent, extraordinary, determined girl and fell in love with her for these qualities. When he, matured and wiser, returns to his homeland, we understand that his feelings have not cooled. He is happy to see Sophia, who has gotten better during the separation, and is sincerely happy to meet. When the hero finds out that Sophia’s chosen one is Molchalin, her father’s secretary, he is unable to believe it. The hero sees perfectly well what Molchalin really is like; he does not love Sophia. Molchalin wants to move up career ladder using a girl. For this reason, he does not disdain either hypocrisy or meanness. Chatsky’s mind refuses to believe in Sophia’s love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that over the years Sophia could not change. Chatsky cannot understand that in the three years while he was gone, Famus society left its ugly mark on the girl. Sophia really passed good school in her father's house, she learned to pretend, lie, dodge, but she does this not out of selfish interests, but trying to protect her love. We see that Sophia rejects Chatsky not only out of female pride, but also for the same reasons for which Famusov’s Moscow does not accept him: his independent and mocking mind frightens Sophia, he is from a different circle. Sophia is even ready to take treacherous revenge on the old to a close friend, madly in love with her: starts a rumor about Chatsky’s madness. The hero breaks not only the threads connecting him with Famus society, he breaks off his relationship with Sophia, offended and humiliated by her choice to the depths of his soul. Sophia blames herself for everything that happened. Her situation seems hopeless, since, having rejected Molchalin, having lost her devoted friend Chatsky and being left with an angry father, she is alone again. Sophia tried to live with a mind perverted in the concept Famusov society, but she was never able to give up her feelings, this led to the heroine getting confused, Sophia missed her love, but not only the heroine suffered from this, Chatsky’s heart was broken.

N. V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba"

They come to the old Cossack Colonel Taras Bulba after graduating from Kyiv Academy his two sons - Ostap and Andriy. Two hefty ones

After a long journey, the Sich meets Taras and his sons with his wild life - a sign of the Zaporozhye will. Cossacks do not like to waste time on military exercises, collecting military experience only in the heat of battle. Ostap and Andriy rush with all the ardor of young men into this riotous sea. But old Taras does not like an idle life - this is not the kind of activity he wants to prepare his sons for. Having met all his comrades, he is still figuring out how to rouse the Cossacks on a campaign, so as not to waste the Cossack prowess on a continuous feast and drunken fun. He persuades the Cossacks to re-elect the Koschevoy, who keeps peace with the enemies of the Cossacks. The new Koshevoy, under the pressure of the most warlike Cossacks, and above all Taras, decides to go to Poland to celebrate all the evil and disgrace of faith and Cossack glory.

Andriy realized that he was betraying his father and followed his feelings. Feelings are stronger than reason

And soon the entire Polish southwest becomes the prey of fear, the rumor running ahead: “Cossacks! The Cossacks have appeared! In one month, the young Cossacks matured in battle, and old Taras loves to see that both of his sons are among the first. The Cossack army is trying to take the city of Dubna, where there is a lot of treasury and wealthy inhabitants, but they encounter desperate resistance from the garrison and residents. The Cossacks besiege the city and wait for famine to begin in it. Having nothing to do, the Cossacks devastate the surrounding area, burning defenseless villages and unharvested grain. The young, especially the sons of Taras, do not like this life. Old Bulba calms them down, promising hot fights soon. One dark night, Andria is awakened from sleep by a strange creature that looks like a ghost. This is a Tatar, a servant of the same Polish woman with whom Andriy is in love. The Tatar woman whispers that the lady is in the city, she saw Andriy from the city rampart and asks him to come to her or at least give a piece of bread for his dying mother. Andriy loads the bags with bread, as much as he can carry, and the Tatar woman leads him along the underground passage to the city. Having met his beloved, he renounces his father and brother, comrades and homeland: “The homeland is what our soul seeks, what is dearer to it than anything else. My homeland is you.” Andriy remains with the lady to protect her until his last breath from his former comrades.

Composition.

Direction: “Reason and Feeling”.

Folk wisdom says: “Only those who are crazy can love madly.” It is this proverb that perfectly reveals the inner world of a person, who in his actions is based on feelings, and not on reason. At all times, writers and poets of different cultures and eras have addressed the theme of reason and feeling in their work. Heroes of literary works often found themselves faced with a choice between the dictates of their hearts and the promptings of their minds. They are the important components of a person’s inner world. How can these concepts influence a person’s actions and aspirations? I think that they can manifest themselves both in harmonious unity and in confrontation, which constitutes the internal conflict of the individual. I will try to consider the influence of these concepts on peace of mind person, using the example of literary works such as the story by A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet” and I.A. Bunin’s story “Natalie”.

One of the highest values ​​in human life, according to A.I. Kuprin, has always been love. Love, which collects into a single bouquet all the best and brightest things that life bestows on a person, justifies any hardships and hardships. Story by A.I. Kuprin’s “Garnet Bracelet” makes us feel a high feeling of love, amazing in its beauty and strength. A petty official, a lonely and timid dreamer, falls in love with a young society lady, a representative of the so-called high class. Unrequited and hopeless love lasts for many years. The lover's letters serve as the subject of ridicule and mockery from members of the Shein family. Princess Vera Nikolaevna, the recipient of these love revelations, does not take them seriously either. And the gift of a garnet bracelet sent by an unknown lover causes a storm of indignation. People close to the princess consider the poor telegraph operator abnormal, and only General Amosov guesses about the true motives for such risky actions of the unknown lover. And the hero only lives on these reminders of himself: letters, a garnet bracelet. I believe that this is what maintains hope in his soul and gives him the strength to endure the suffering of love. The hero's feelings prevail over reason. His love is passionate, sizzling, which he is ready to take with him to other world. He is grateful to the one who aroused this wonderful feeling in his heart, which elevated him, little man, over a huge, vain world, a world of injustice and malice. What does such love lead to? Could the tragedy have been avoided? These questions concern us throughout the entire narrative. But we see that, leaving this life, he thanks her, blessing his beloved: “Hallowed be Thy name.” His love seemed to have dissipated in the world around him. To the passionate sounds of Beethoven's Sonata No. 2, the heroine feels the painful and beautiful birth of a new world in her soul, experiencing a feeling of deep gratitude to the person who put love for her above all else, even above life itself.

In stories about love, I.A. Bunin affirms true spiritual values, the beauty and greatness of a person capable of great, selfless feeling. The writer depicts love as a high, ideal, beautiful feeling, despite the fact that it brings not only joy and happiness, but sometimes grief, suffering, even death. In his stories, Bunin claims that all love is great happiness, even if it ends in separation and suffering. I believe that many of Bunin’s heroes come to this conclusion, having lost, overlooked, or destroyed their love. But this insight, enlightenment comes to the heroes too late, as, for example, to Vitaly Mishchersky, the hero of the story “Natalie”. The writer told the story of student Mishchersky’s love for the young beauty Natalie Stankevich. The tragedy of this love lies in the character of Mishchersky. He experiences a sincere and sublime feeling for one girl, and passion for another, and both seem to him to be love. But it is impossible to love two people at once. We see how the feeling of love makes the hero not only internally suffer, torment, doubt, but also feel life brighter, more colorful. His emotional impulse to explain himself to his beloved leads to misunderstanding and isolation. Physical attraction to Sonya quickly passes, but true love for Natalie remains for life. It was sad to read the lines in which the heartfelt affection, the union of Mishchersky and Natalie is cut short by the untimely death of the heroine. The feelings experienced by the hero, tremulous and inexplicable, make him suffer over the loss of his beloved. His love, in my opinion, is a test of a person’s worth as an individual, when feelings prevail over reason.

So, considering the feelings of love as a multifaceted and inexplicable concept, one cannot help but say that among Russian writers the depiction of this feeling also acquires a “sensual” character. Inner experiences, worries, and suffering sometimes force heroes to commit noble deeds in the name of love. It was sad to realize that love and death are always nearby. For Russian writers, love and existence without it are two opposite, different lives, and if love dies, then that other life is no longer needed. Exalting love, both Bunin and Kuprin do not hide the fact that it brings not only joy and happiness, but also very often conceals torment, grief, disappointment, and death.

Reason and feelings - these two concepts have great importance in a person’s life, despite the fact that they perform different roles. How often do we come across the fact that common sense tells us one thing, but the voice of the heart tells us something completely different. Indeed, intelligence is the ability of people to objectively evaluate the world, and feelings – to emotionally perceive the phenomena of reality. Many poets and writers of world and domestic fiction have addressed this topic in their works.

A striking proof is the story of the famous Russian writer A.I. Kuprin “The Garnet Bracelet”. Using the example of the main characters of the work, the author showed readers that the main thing is to remain yourself, have a reasonable mind, listen to your heart and be guided by your conscience. The main character Zheltkov, a small employee, a lonely and timid dreamer, thinks that his fate is to love madly, but unrequitedly, and that it is impossible to escape from fate. Love is like an ideal and should be based on sublime feelings, mutual respect, honesty and truthfulness. This is exactly what her main character imagined. His hopeless love for a young society lady from high society. The letters he sends to her are the subject of ridicule from members of the Sheyny family. The princess herself does not take them seriously, and the bracelet given for her birthday causes a lot of indignation. With his mind, Zheltkov understood that his life would never be connected with this woman, but with his heart and feelings he was chained to her, because it is impossible to run away from his love.

However, a turning point still comes in the life of the main character, and he begins to realize that he is no longer able to live with unrequited feelings. He comes to the conclusion that he is only hindering Vera Nikolaevna’s life and complicating her relationship with her husband. Zheltkov is grateful to this woman for the wonderful feeling in his heart, which elevated him above the world of injustice and evil, for the inseparable love that, fortunately, he was destined to experience. But for him, love became stronger than death, he decided to die. And only after death Vera Nikolaevna realized that in the soul of the “little man” lived a huge and pure love who passed by her. I believe that the hero’s mind prevailed over his feelings, because the understanding that the woman he sincerely loves will never be with him became a fatal step in this man’s path.

Thus, a person must understand and be aware of his actions and actions, which can affect his fate or lead to irreparable tragedies. Everyone must determine for himself what is more important: objective reason or unconscious feelings. After all, by making the wrong choice, we risk our own happiness, and maybe even our lives.