Sections of the site
Editor's Choice:
- How and for how long to cook squid so that it is not tough and tasteless
- Dietary potato casserole with minced meat for children
- Simoron rituals for buying an apartment
- What does tiramisu cake look like?
- Buckwheat porridge recipes
- Affirmations for material well-being
- Oatmeal with milk, how to cook oatmeal with pumpkin (recipe)
- Education and formation of conditioned reflexes
- Organs of flowering plants Presentation on the topic of plant organs
- Presentation on environmental pollution Presentation on environmental pollution
Advertising
| Future tense in Spanish: Volver al futuro. Tenses in Spanish (indicative) Future tenses in Spanish exceptions |
|
It's time to start learning a new tense in Spanish - the future tense. From various tenses of the Spanish language, we so far know the Present Simple - Presente and the Present Continuous - Presente Continuo. Spanish has two future tenses: Futuro Próximo (Near Future) and Futuro Simple (Simple Future). Now we will not explain all the differences between these two tenses, we will only say that they are very similar in use, although the forms of the verbs are different. In this lesson we will go through the topic “Futuro Próximo” - the Near Future. Let's start our topic with illustrative examples: 1. Mañana voy a estudiar inglés en el colegio– Tomorrow I will learn English at school 2. Esta semana vamos a jugar al fútbol– This week we will play football 3. El mes que viene Antonio y Carla van a viajar a Francia– Next month Antonio and Carla will go to France 4.Este año escolar va a ser muy duro– This school year will be very difficult. 5. ¿Me vas a devolver el paraguas?-Will you return my umbrella? 6. ¿Cómo vais a trabajar si sois tan vagos?- How will you work if you are so lazy? 7.Esta noche no voy a ver la tele, porque tengo que levantarme muy temprano por la mañana– I won’t watch TV tonight because I have to get up very early tomorrow. As can be seen from the examples, the formation of Futuro Próximo is very simple. You just need to remember the design IR + a + Infinitivo Let's decipher: the verb “ir” (which means “to go, go”) + the preposition “a” + the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) In this construction, only the verb ir is changed! We do not change the preposition “a” and the infinitive. Let's conjugate 3 verbs in Futuro Próximo: yo voy a trabajar - I will work voy a comer - I will have lunch voy a escribir - I will write From the examples it is clear that all constructions are the same, no matter what the verb ends in - -ar, -er or -ir. So, if you want to say that something will happen in the future, use the construction ir + a + infinitive. Look at the examples below: 1) Tomorrow I will go shopping – Mañana voy a hacer la compra 2) The day after tomorrow we will go to our grandparents - Pasado mañana vamos a visitar a nuestros abuelos 3) They say they won't sell the house - Dicen que no van a vender la casa 4) Pablo will come soon – Pablo va a venir pronto 5) When will you prepare for the exam? – ¿Cuándo vas a prepararte para el examen? 6) I won’t study for the exam because I’m smart – No voy a prepararme para el examen, porque soy inteligente 7) Today I will go to bed very late – Hoy me voy a acostar muy tarde(remember that you can change the order of words? = Hoy voy acostarme muy tarde) 8) ¿Vas a casarte con Daniela o no?= ¿Te vas a casar con Daniela o no?– Will you marry Daniela or not? 9) Estoy muy cansado, voy a descansar un poco– I’m very tired, I’ll rest a little 10) Creo que no vamos a ir a España, tengo miedo a los aviones– I think we won’t go to Spain, I’m afraid to fly on planes Please note that the Spaniards say: voy a ir, vas a ir, va a ir, etc. The verb “ir” is used as often as any other infinitive in this construction: voy a ir a la playa – I’ll go to the beach Temporal indicators for the future tense There are words that are very often used when we speak in the future tense. We have already used some of these words in our examples (see above). Now let's just list them and try to remember them: 1) Mañana – tomorrow 2) Pasado mañana - the day after tomorrow 3)La semana / el mes / el año…que viene– Next week/next month/year 4)La semana próxima, el mes próximo, el año próximo– Next week / next month / year (These constructions are similar to the previous ones and are translated in exactly the same way. In the same construction, the word “próximo” can be placed both before and after the noun) El mes próximo vamos a vivir mejor– Next month we will live better 5) Combinations with the demonstrative pronoun este / esta: Este sábado me voy a quedar en casa– This Saturday I will stay at home 6) Dentro de... – Through... En... = Dentro de... 7) Pronto - coming soon I recommend that you subscribe to my new telegram channel about interesting Spanish words t.me/megusto. There you will find a lot of useful information that my friends and I publish every day. Have fun learning Spanish. You will definitely like it! It's time to learn the future tense in Spanish. Here are the following points that I learned from many textbooks. If you have any comments, share them in the comments: after all, I am not a teacher, but a simple student. Futuro simple is formed by adding endings to the infinitive that are the same for all conjugations. It is worth noting that the endings futuro simple coincide with the forms of the verb haber in the present tense: this is a tribute to the history of the development of the language, since historically this tense arose from the construction of the obligation “infinitive + haber in the present tense”... and later took on a modern form.
Please note that the stress in Futuro simple is on the last syllables in all persons except the 1st plural. h. - and don’t forget to put accent marks over them! But there are no exceptions: 12 verbs are conjugated in a modified form. They can be divided into three groups: 1) verbs that completely change the stem: hacer - hare" caber - cabre" poner - pondre" Mañana no tendremos The use of Futuro simple coincides with the use of the Russian future tense (both imperfective and perfect). It is often used in combination with the following expressions: mañana(Tomorrow), pasado mañana(day after tomorrow), dentro de dos di"a(during two days), el pro"ximo di"a(the next day), el año que viene(next year), la semana siguiente(next week) al me seguiente(next month) etc. There is only one discrepancy in the use of the future tense in Russian and Spanish - in conditional sentences with the real condition “if - si” only presente de indicativo is used! Si tengo tiempo, yo ire" al cine. - If I have time, I will go to the cinema. Also: in addition to Futuro simple in colloquial speech, to express the nearest action/completion, it can be used or presente de indicativo, or design ir + inf. Vamos a (iremos) ir de excursio"n - We are going to go on an excursion. Mañana no tenemos clase - We have no classes tomorrow. Time, now you have only one way - to the future! We have two news for you: good and bad. Good: the simple future tense in Spanish is perhaps the most pleasant verb form to remember, which is formed according to a simple model and promises you only a few exceptions. The Bad: When speaking Spanish, you will likely have little opportunity to show off your fluency. el futuro simple. Because in 90% of cases, the present tense is used to talk about events in the very near future and plans that will definitely be completed soon: Esta noche voy al cine.- I'll go to the cinema tonight. You can also talk about the future using the present when talking about plans, projects and assumptions: ¿Qué dices si el año próximo pasamos las vacaciones en la costa?>- What do you say if we spend a vacation on the coast next year? So that you don’t get lost in the time continuum, we remind you of the adverbs and marker expressions that indicate the future tense in Spanish:
To discuss planned actions and events in the very near future, Spanish uses a special construction with the verb ir in present time.
verb ir (voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van) + a + infinitive You can easily hear a conversation like this: - ¿Qué hacemos hoy?(What are we going to do today?) Vamos a salir en 20 minutos. - We leave in 20 minutes.
This is exactly the simple time in all respects that we promised you. It is formed disarmingly (by Spanish standards) logically: infinitive + endings -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án
There are only 12 deviant verbs that are conjugated in the future tense not quite according to the rules: their stem changes, but at the same time the endings already known to us are added. decir → dir-(speak) Let's see, for example, how the verb is conjugated in the future tense saber:
Enrique nos dirá la verdad. - Enrique will tell us the truth.
1) To describe actions or events in the future that are not usually planned in advance, or about which you are not sure. Lloverá mañana.- It will rain tomorrow. 2) To express assumptions, guesses or hypotheses in the present tense. ¿Quién será ella?- Who could she be? 3) To express predictions, forecasts about the future. Llorarán al final de esa película. - You'll cry at the end of that movie. 4) To make a firm promise to do something. Te juro que llegaré a tiempo. - I swear to you that I will come on time. No mataras. - Don't kill. Futuro Simple Education for Regular Verbs Futuro Simple (you can also find the name Futuro Imperfecto) is one of the simplest times in terms of form formation. The endings are added directly to infinitive and do not depend on conjugation. The only thing that you should really pay attention to is the graphic stress in almost all forms and, as a result, their corresponding reading. Yo hablar comer escribir Formation of Futuro Simple for reflexive verbsYo levantarse Formation of Futuro Simple for individual verbsIndividual conjugation verbs at this time have slightly modified infinitives, which, however, are quite easy to remember. The same endings are added to these infinitives. caber⇒ cabr– decir⇒ dir– haber⇒ habr– hacer⇒ har– poder⇒podr– poner⇒ pondr– querer⇒querr– saber⇒ sabr– tener⇒ tendr– valer⇒ valdr– venir⇒ vendr– Using Futuro Simple1. Time value Futuro Simple is to express actions in the future. The following words can serve as beacons:
Este verano iremos de vacaciones a Polonia. (This summer we will go on vacation to Poland.) In general, we can use other means of Spanish to express our plans for the future:
2. Modal meaning Futuro Simple(Futuro de Conjetura) will be somewhat strange for a Russian-speaking person. In the form of a formula, this use can be written as follows: Futuro Simple = Presente de Indicativo + probability- this means that we use this tense to show the likelihood of some action in the present. When translating into Russian, it is necessary to add words and phrases expressing doubt, uncertainty: perhaps, probably, should be, probably, etc. –¿Qué hora es? (What time is it now?) Of course, as in the first case, we can turn to other language resources to express the same thing:
3. The meaning of command, order(Futuro de Mandato). Just as in Russian the future tense is capable of conveying an order, the same is true in the functions of Futuro Simple in Spanish. Ahora mismo te irás a casa y aprenderás todas las palabras. (You will go home now and learn all the words.) And of course, here too we cannot remain silent about the structures that will help express the command:
Some features of (not) using Futuro Simple1. Type I conditional sentences, which are introduced by the conjunction SI (if), do not tolerate the use of the future after this very “if”. It should be replaced with the usual Presente. You should also be careful with other conjunctions that introduce a condition (for example: siempre y cuando = en el caso de que = a condición de que - provided that). They require the use not of the usual Presente de Indicativo, but of the Presente de Subjuntivo. 2. Clauses of time, which are introduced by various conjunctions (cuando - when, cada vez que - every time as, en cuanto - as soon as, antes de que - before, después de que - after), also prohibit the use of Futuro Simple after themselves. In these sentences, if the action refers to the future, you should use Presente de Subjuntivo. In Spanish there are several types of future, present and past tenses. In this lesson you will learn all about the indicative, imperative, subjunctive and conditional moods. In the article you will find brief information about each tense: how it is constructed, marker words for a given tense and when it is used, as well as several examples under each tense. Times of historical type: , Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto, Pretérito Anterior, Imperfecto de Subjuntivo, Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo, . The verb in Spanish can be used in four moods: indicative, imperative, subjunctive and conditional. In general, mood is a special category of a verb that expresses its modality, namely, the relationship of the content of the statement to what is happening, or the attitude of the speaker to the interlocutor (in the case of the imperative mood). Let's start with the indicative mood. Indicative is the most common in Spanish. It means real action which happened in the past, is happening now or will happen, and does not imply any conditions. The indicative mood includes 8 tenses, referring to the present, future and past tenses. Presente de indicativo (simple present tense)Used to denote a simple action occurring at the moment, as well as a repeated action in the present. Often used with time indicators such as ahora (now), en este momento (at the moment), siempre (always), etc.: Escribo a menudo a mis parientes. – I often write to my relatives. Siempre desayuna a las siete. – He always has breakfast at seven. Also, the simple present tense serves to indicate a planned action in the future, while the sentence will always have a pointer to the future tense: Llegamos pasado mañana. - We arrive the day after tomorrow. Futuro simple/imperfecto (simple/imperfect future tense)Denotes a simple action occurring in the future tense, as well as a repeated action in the future. Indicators of the use of this tense can be words such as mañana (tomorrow), pasado mañana (the day after tomorrow), dentro de ... días (in ... days), la semana que viene (next week), el año que viene (next year) and so on.: Iremos a Italia a fines de octubre. - We will go to Italy at the end of October. Often used in modal sentences to indicate probability or command: Jorge tendrá unos treinta años. - Jorge is probably about thirty years old. ¡Hija, lavarás la vajilla! - Daughter, wash the dishes! Futuro perfecto (perfect future tense)Used to denote an action that will be completed before some point in the future or before the start of some other action. Words indicating this time: hasta (before), para (la próxima semana) (to (next week), etc.: Habre hablado español para el Año Nuevo. – By the New Year I will speak Spanish. La película habrá terminado, cuando venga. - The film will end by the time he comes. Very often used in a modal sense to indicate probable, possible, assumed actions performed in the past: Nos habremos visto en alguna parte. - Perhaps we met somewhere. El tren habrá llegado a la estación. - The train has probably (already) arrived at the station. Pretérito perfecto de indicativo (present perfect tense)Expresses an action that happened in the past but is relevant to the present. Indicators of this time can be: esta semana (this week), este mes (this month), hoy (today), nunca (never), todavía (until now), últimamente (recently), ya (already), etc. .P.: Hoy José ha ido a la escuela sin comer. - Today Jose went to school without eating. Recientemente enrique ha regresado de Barcelona. – Enrique recently returned from Barcelona. Pretérito indefinido (simple past tense)Used to denote a simple action completed in the past, a long action indicating a time period, when listing several actions in the past. Indicators are: ayer (yesterday), anteayer (the day before yesterday), aquel día (that day), el mes pasado (last month), dos años atrás (two years ago), etc.: Cristóbal Colón descubrió América en 1492. - Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. Pretérito imperfecto de indicativo (past imperfect tense)Denotes a continuous but unfinished action, an action repeated in the past, as well as an action that occurred or occurred against the background of another action in the past. The following expressions will serve as indicators of such time: a menudo, frecuentemente (often), a veces (sometimes), todos los días (every day), por las madrugadas (las tardes) (in the mornings, (evenings)), cada vez que ( every time), siempre (always), de ordinario, de costumbre (usually), de vez en cuando (from time to time), cada año (día, mes) (every year (day, month)): A las nueve veía la TV. - At 9 o’clock I was watching TV. Por las madrugadas sus hijos salían de casa e iban a la escuela. “In the mornings, his children left the house and went to school. Mientras mi hermano hacía los deberes, yo escuchaba la música. - While my brother was doing his homework, I was listening to music. Pretérito pluscuamperfecto de indicativo (long past tense)Indicates an action that completed before another action began in the past. In individual sentences this tense occurs very rarely; most often it is used when agreeing tenses and in subordinate clauses. Cuando entramo s en la sala de espectáculos, la actuación había empezado. – When we entered the auditorium, the performance had already begun. Pretérito anterior de indicativo (past antecedent tense)Expresses an action that ended immediately before another action began in the past. Most often used in subordinate clauses and when agreeing tenses. In a sentence it is accompanied by the following expressions: apenas (as soon as), así que (so), cuando (when), después que (after), en cuanto (as soon as), en seguida que (immediately, that same moment), luego que (as soon as), no bien (barely, as soon as), tan pronto como (as soon as), etc.: Apenas me hube acostado, sonó el telefono. - As soon as I got into bed, the phone rang. Futuro imperfecto de Subjuntivo (Unfinished future tense)Futuro imperfecto de Subjuntivo is used when you need to describe an unfinished situation that refers to a moment in the future tense. In oral speech, Spaniards do not use this tense, but replace it with Presente de Subjuntivo. You can find the Incomplete Future Tense in fiction, newspapers and documents. Presente de Subjuntivo tense construction: endings in the first conjugation are added to the base of the verbs: -are-ares-are-áremos-areis-aren; in the second and third conjugation: -iere-ieres-iere-iéremos-iereis-ieren. For example: escribir (to write) - escribiere, escribieres, escribiere, escribiéremos, escribiereis, escribieren.
Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo (complete tense in the future)Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo describes a moment in the future that must be completed before another moment in the future. This tense is not used either in colloquial speech, or in journalistic or artistic speech. Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo time must be excellent for lawyers, jurists, judges, that is, people who are closely associated with documentation and laws. Construction of the Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo: auxiliary verb haber in Futuro Imperfecto de Subjuntivo and participle verb. Conjugation of the verb haber in Futuro Perfecto de Subjuntivo: hubiere, hubieres, hubiere, hubiéremos, hubiereis, hubieren.
Imperative moodConveys motivation to action. It comes in two forms: Imperativo afirmativo and Imperativo negativo. Imperativo afirmativo (affirmative form of the imperative mood) is used to express a command to do something: ¡Hablen ustedes español, por favor! - Please speak Spanish! Imperativo negativo (negative form of the imperative) expresses an order not to do something: No trabajes los domingos. - Don't work on Sundays. Subjunctive moodThe subjunctive mood has a special position in the Spanish language. Many beginners often encounter difficulties in the process of learning it. It is used in subordinate clauses if the verb of the main clause expresses a request, order, wish, prohibition, emotions and feelings, opinion and judgment, doubt and denial. The subjunctive mood is used in four tense forms: Presente de subjuntivo (present subjunctive)Indicates an action performed simultaneously or immediately after the action in the main clause (the verb of the main clause is in one of the tenses of the actual type): Quiero que me dejen en paz. - I want to be left alone. Pretérito imperfecto de sunjuntivo (past imperfect subjunctive)It means an action performed in the past simultaneously or after the action in the main clause (the verb of the main clause is in one of the tenses of the historical type). In this case, the main clause is always in the past tense. Mi abuela quiso que yo hablara español. – My grandmother wanted me to speak Spanish. Yo tenía miedo que el salón de belleza estuviera cerrada. – I was afraid that the hairdresser was closed. Me gustaría que hiciera buen tiempo en primavera. – I would like to have good weather in the spring. Te ordenó que te pusieras el abrigo marrón. - I ordered you to wear a brown cloak. La desperté a las seis para que ella no perdiera el tren. “I woke her up at six o’clock in the morning so that she wouldn’t miss the train.” Pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo (past perfect subjunctive)Assumes that the action (in the past or in the future) precedes the action of the predicate in the main clause, which is in one of the tenses of the actual type. That is, the verb of the main clause must be in the past tense and indicate that the action has already happened. In Construction of Pretérito Perfecto de Subjuntivo: auxiliary verb haber in Presente de Subjuntivo with semantic verb. Es bueno que hayamos reservado los billetes. - It's good that we booked tickets. Me alegra que hayas tenido buenas notas en el examen. – I am very glad that you got good marks in the exam. Es posible que él haya venido. - Perhaps he came ( I arrived). No creo que hayan preparado el reglo para la fiesta. “I don’t think they prepared a holiday gift.” Pretérito pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo (long-past subjunctive)Indicates an action preceding the action in the main sentence, the predicate of which is in one of the tenses of the historical type: Ella no creía que hubieses dicho esto. - She didn't believe you said that. Conditional moodMeaning that an action is possible only under certain conditions, it has 2 tenses: Potencial simple and Potencial perfecto. Potencial simple (conditional imperfective mood)Expresses an unreal but possible action: an imperfect action desired or expected in the present or future, an action possible in the past, a polite request and a future action in the past tense: Comería un pedazo de tarta. - I would eat a piece of cake. ¿Podría decirme donde está la biblioteca? - Can you tell me where is the library located? Potencial perfecto (compuesto) (conditional perfect)Indicates an unreal and impossible action: an action desired or possible in the past, an expected action that occurred before another action in the past: Habría ido al cine ayer pero no tuve dinero. - I would have gone to the cinema yesterday, but I didn’t have money. Fernando no pasó el examen. Habría estudiado poco. - Fernando did not pass the exam. Perhaps he didn't study enough. |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
New
- Dietary potato casserole with minced meat for children
- Simoron rituals for buying an apartment
- What does tiramisu cake look like?
- Buckwheat porridge recipes
- Affirmations for material well-being
- Oatmeal with milk, how to cook oatmeal with pumpkin (recipe)
- Education and formation of conditioned reflexes
- Organs of flowering plants Presentation on the topic of plant organs
- Presentation on environmental pollution Presentation on environmental pollution
- Biology quiz presentation for a biology lesson (8th grade) on the topic Biology riddles
