The other day I discovered a whole treasure - more than a hundred photographs of the latter imperial family from the photo album of Anna Vyrubova - daughter of the chief administrator of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery A.S. Taneyeva. And once again my heart bled... This family, built on great love, complete trust and mutual understanding, could serve as an example for everyone...

You won’t see any royalty, any grandeur or luxury in these photographs, everything is just like ordinary people. Also, children get sick, problems overwhelm them, but what a tender relationship the spouses have with each other and with the children...

And so as not to get bored looking at low-quality black and white photographs, I decided to supplement them with a story about the love story of this beautiful imperial couple - Nicholas and Alexandra Romanov.

The imperial couple on the yacht "Standard"

P.I. Tchaikovsky - Concerto for violin and orchestra

Alexandra Feodorovna (nee Princess Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt) was born in 1872 in Darmstadt, the capital of a small German state, the Duchy of Hesse. Her mother died at thirty-five. Six-year-old Alix, the youngest in a large family, was taken in by her famous grandmother British Queen Victoria. For her bright character, the English court nicknamed the blond girl Sunny (Sunny).

Family portrait of the Romanov family in the park

In 1884, twelve-year-old Alix was brought to Russia: her sister Ella was marrying Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. The heir to the Russian throne, sixteen-year-old Nicholas, fell in love with her at first sight. But only five years later, seventeen-year-old Alix, who came to her sister Ella, reappeared at the Russian court.

In 1889, when the heir to the crown prince turned twenty-one, he turned to his parents with a request to bless him for his marriage to Princess Alice. Emperor's response Alexandra III was brief: “You are very young, there is still time for marriage, and, in addition, remember the following: you are the heir to the Russian throne, you are engaged to Russia, and we will still have time to find a wife.”

A year and a half after this conversation, Nikolai wrote in his diary: “Everything is in the will of God. Trusting in His mercy, I look calmly and humbly to the future.”

Emperor Nicholas II

Alix’s grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, also opposed this marriage. However, when the wise Victoria later met Tsarevich Nicholas, he made a very good impression on her, and the English ruler’s opinion changed.

On the next visit of the blond German princess, a year later, Nicholas was not allowed to see her. And then the Tsarevich met the ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya. His relationship with her lasted almost four years...

The imperial family takes a walk in the park

In April 1894, Nikolai went to Coburg for the wedding of Alix's brother Ernie. And soon the newspapers reported the engagement of the crown prince and Alice of Hesse-Darmstadt. On the day of the engagement, Nikolai Alexandrovich wrote in his diary: “A wonderful, unforgettable day in my life - the day of my engagement to dear Alix. I walk around all day as if outside of myself, not quite fully aware of what is happening to me.” He is happy! Life without love sooner or later turns into vegetation, because true love You can’t replace it with anything: neither money, nor work, nor fame, nor fake feelings.

Emperor Nicholas II and Tsarevich Alexei

Having learned about the engagement, Kshesinskaya sent anonymous letters to the bride, in which the ink of her former lover was written. Alix, having barely read the first line and seeing that the signature was missing, gave them to the groom.

November 14, 1894 is the day of the long-awaited wedding. On their wedding night, Alix wrote in Nikolai’s diary: “When this life ends, we will meet again in another world and will remain together forever...”

After the wedding, the Tsarevich will write in his diary: “Incredibly happy with Alix. It’s a pity that classes take up so much time that I would so much like to spend exclusively with her.” From the correspondence between Nikolai and Alexandra, we know that love and happiness filled them both. More than 600 letters have been preserved, conveying to us the beauty of this love.

Emperor Nicholas II with his son Alexei

The royal children in Europe and Russia were very well-educated people. Well-mannered and educated for life. And family life, especially for the empress, is the most important matter in her life. Alexandra's diary entries reveal the depth of her understanding of the mysteries of love and marriage.

“Divine design is for marriage to bring happiness, to make the lives of husband and wife more complete, so that neither loses and both win. If, nevertheless, marriage does not become happiness and does not make life richer and fuller, then the fault is not in the marriage bonds, but in the people who are united by them.”

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

“The first lesson to be learned and practiced is patience. At the beginning of family life, both the advantages of character and disposition are revealed, as well as the shortcomings and peculiarities of habits, taste, and temperament, which the other half did not even suspect. Sometimes it seems that it is impossible to get used to each other, that there will be eternal and hopeless conflicts, but patience and love overcome everything, and two lives merge into one, more noble, stronger, fuller, richer, and this life will continue in peace and quiet.

Emperor Nicholas II

Another secret of happiness in family life is attention to each other. Husband and wife should constantly show each other signs of the most tender attention and love. The happiness of life is made up of individual minutes, of small pleasures - from a kiss, a smile, a kind look, a heartfelt compliment and countless small but kind thoughts and sincere feelings. Love also needs its daily bread.”

Their love carried them through many difficulties. Alexandra gave birth to 4 daughters. But the son - the heir, the future monarch of Russia - was still missing. Both were worried, especially Alexandra. And finally - the long-awaited prince! After 4 daughters, Alexandra gave birth to a son on July 30, 1904.

The joy in the palace ended when, a week after the boy's birth, it was discovered that the child had inherited an incurable disease - hemophilia. The lining of the arteries in this disease is so fragile that any bruise, fall, or cut causes rupture of the vessels and can lead to a sad end. This is exactly what happened to Alexandra Fedorovna’s brother when he was three years old.

Emperor Nicholas II

Alexei's illness was kept a state secret. The doctors were powerless. The parents' constant concern for Alexy's life became the reason for the appearance of Grigory Rasputin at the imperial court. According to the doctors who were with the heir, Rasputin had the ability to stop bleeding with the help of hypnosis, so in dangerous moments of his illness he became last hope to save the child.

The children of the royal Romanov family - Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, and the heir Tsarevich Alexei - were extraordinary in their ordinariness. Despite the fact that they were born in one of the most high positions in the world and had access to all earthly goods, they grew up like ordinary children. Their father made sure that their upbringing was similar to his own: that they were not treated like hothouse plants or fragile porcelain, but were given homework, prayers, games, and even a moderate amount of fighting and mischief.

Grand Duchesses Maria and Olga

Thus, they grew up as normal, healthy children, in an atmosphere of discipline, order and almost ascetic simplicity. Even Alexei, for whom every fall threatened a painful illness and even death, was changed from bed rest to normal in order for him to gain courage and other qualities necessary for the heir to the throne.

Grand Duchess Olga and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

The royal children were beautiful - not only for their appearance, but even more so for their spiritual qualities. From their father they inherited kindness, modesty, simplicity, an unshakable sense of duty and a comprehensive love for their homeland. From their mother they inherited deep faith, integrity, discipline and fortitude. The queen herself hated laziness and taught her children to always be fruitfully busy.

Tsarevich Alexey

When did the first one start? World War, the queen and her four daughters devoted themselves entirely to works of mercy. During Alexandra's time, the two eldest daughters also became sisters of mercy, often working as surgeon's assistants. The soldiers did not know who these humble sisters were who were bandaging their wounds, which were often purulent and fetid.

Grand Duchess Tatiana

“The higher a person’s position in society,” said Nikolai, “the more he should help others, never reminding them of his position.” Being himself an excellent example of gentleness and responsiveness to the needs of others, the Tsar raised his children in the same spirit.

Grand Duchesses Tatiana and Olga

The Tsarina wrote to her daughter Olga in a card on her birthday: “Try to be an example of what a good, little, obedient girl should be... Learn to make others happy, think of yourself last. Be gentle, kind, never act rude or harsh. Be a true lady in manners and speech. Be patient and polite, help your sisters in every possible way. When you see someone sad, try to cheer them up sunny smile... Show your loving heart. First of all, learn to love God with all the strength of your soul, and He will always be with you. Pray to Him with all your heart. Remember that He sees and hears everything. He loves His children dearly, but they must learn to do His will.”

Grand Duchess Olga reading to Anastasia

During the First World War, rumors spread that Alexandra Feodorovna defended the interests of Germany. By personal order of the sovereign, a secret investigation was carried out into “slanderous rumors about the empress’s relations with the Germans and even about her betrayal of the Motherland.” It has been established that rumors about the desire for a separate peace with the Germans and the transfer of Russian military plans by the Empress to the Germans were spread by the German General Staff. After the abdication of the sovereign, the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry under the Provisional Government tried and failed to establish the guilt of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna of any crimes.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna with her daughters at needlework

According to contemporaries, the empress was deeply religious. The church was her main consolation, especially at a time when the heir’s illness worsened. The Empress held full services in the court churches, where she introduced the monastic (longer) liturgical regulations. The Queen's room in the palace was a connection between the empress's bedroom and the nun's cell. The huge wall adjacent to the bed was completely covered with images and crosses.

The pain for their son and for the fate of Russia was a very difficult test for the royal family. But their love, strengthened by hope in God, withstood all the tests.

Emperor Nicholas II and children

From Alexandra Feodorovna’s letter to Nikolai Alexandrovich in 1914: “Oh, how terrible is the loneliness after your departure! Although our children remain with me, a part of my life is leaving with you - you and I are one.”

Nikolai’s response to the letter was no less touching: “My beloved sunshine, darling little wife! My love, you are terribly missed, which is impossible to express!..”

Emperor Nicholas II on the tennis court

Alexandra’s letter to Nikolai: “I’m crying like a big child. I see in front of me your sad eyes, full of affection. I send you my warmest wishes for tomorrow. For the first time in 21 years we are not spending this day together, but how vividly I remember everything! My dear boy, what happiness and what love you have given me over all these years.”

Emperor Russian Empire Nicholas II

Letter from Nicholas on December 31, 1915 to Alexandra: “The warmest thanks for all your love. If only you knew how much this supports me. Really, I don’t know how I could have withstood all this if God had not been pleased to give me you as a wife and friend. I say this seriously, sometimes it’s hard for me to utter this truth, it’s easier for me to put it all on paper - out of stupid shyness.”

But these lines were written by people who lived 21 years in marriage!.. The greatest happiness for them was the sublimity, the high spirituality of their relationship. And if they were not a royal couple, they would still be richest people in the world: after all, love is the highest wealth and happiness.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

The tragic year 1917 came. Over the course of several stages of imprisonment - first in their palace in Tsarskoe Selo, then in the governor's house in Tobolsk, and finally in the Ipatiev house - the "House of Special Purpose" - in Yekaterinburg, their guards became more and more impudent, heartless and cruel, subjecting their insults, ridicule and deprivation.

The Emperor reads a book by the bed of Grand Duchess Tatiana during her illness with typhus

The royal family endured everything with steadfastness, Christian humility and complete acceptance of the will of God. They sought solace in prayer, worship, and spiritual reading. During this tragic time, the empress was distinguished by extraordinary greatness of spirit and “amazingly bright calm, which then supported her and her entire family until the day of their death” (Gilliard. P. 162).

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

British Consul T. Reston tried to secretly facilitate the release of the Romanovs. On his initiative, a plan was developed to kidnap the family at night; white officers with false documents tried to enter Ipatiev’s house. But the fate of the Romanovs was already predetermined... The Soviet government hoped to prepare a “exemplary” trial of Nikolai, but there was not enough time for this.

The Empress during an attack of illness in the heir Alexei

On July 12, under the pretext of the Czechoslovak Corps and units of the Siberian Army approaching Yekaterinburg, the Bolshevik Urals Council adopted a resolution to kill the royal family. There is an opinion that the military commissar of the Urals F.I. Goloshchekin, in the beginning. July 1918, who visited Moscow, received the consent of V.I. Lenin. On July 16, a telegram was sent to Lenin in which the Urals Council reported that the execution of the royal family could no longer tolerate delay, and asked to immediately inform whether Moscow had any objections. Lenin did not respond to the telegram, which the Urals Council may have considered as a sign of agreement.

Emperor Nicholas II plays with a dog

At 2 o'clock in the morning from July 16 to July 17, the prisoners were woken up and ordered to go down to the semi-basement floor of the house, supposedly to move to another place. According to the executioners, the empress and eldest daughters managed to cross themselves before their death. The Tsar and Empress were killed first. They did not see the execution of their children, who were finished off with bayonets.

Empress and Tsarevich Alexei

Thanks to the diplomatic efforts of the European powers, the royal family could go abroad and escape, as many of Russia’s high-ranking citizens escaped. After all, even from the place of initial exile, from Tobolsk, it was possible to escape at first. Why, after all?.. Nikolai himself answers this question from the distant year 18: “In such difficult times, not a single Russian should leave Russia.”

Sledding near the Bastion, with the White Tower in the background. Alexandrovsky Park

And they stayed. We stayed together forever, as we promised each other once in our youth.

Nicholas II and children on the bank of the canal

The Emperor and Empress read telegrams wishing the recovery of Tsarevich Alexei

Nicholas II and one of his daughters

Nicholas II with his daughters and sister Olga (third from left), an officer and a court lady with skis

Father and son in the uniform of His Majesty's Life Guards Cossack Regiment. Balcony of the Alexander Palace

Emperor Nicholas II

Grand Duchess Tatiana and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

Tsarevich Alexei and Emperor Nicholas II on the balcony of the Alexander Palace

Tsarevich and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

The Romanov royal family was executed by firing squad in 1918. This finally ended the history of Imperial Russia.

The tragedy of this historical moment, in addition to the merciless murder, also lay in the fact that neither the family members nor their entourage foresaw such an end.

Background

The February Revolution brought with it not only hopes for the worker and peasant people for new life, but also a huge amount of grief and senseless death.

Its result was the abdication of the Emperor of All Rus' from the throne and his exile to Tsarskoe Selo, then to Tobolsk. After power finally passed into the hands of the Bolsheviks, the fate of the royal family was under threat.

It was supposed to hold an open trial against Nicholas II, but V.I. Lenin refused this. At the end of the spring of 1918, the Romanovs were transported under escort to Yekaterinburg. They had about two months to live.

Ekaterinburg life

According to the tsar, Ipatiev’s house was good, the family was allocated four rooms, including a dining room and a restroom, and there was a small garden under the windows. However, the conditions there were far from acceptable.

Ekaterinburg Ipatiev's house, the last refuge of the Romanovs photo

The emperor's daughters slept on the floor, their miserable meals had to be shared with the Red Army soldiers, who did not bother to use decent manners in the presence of the royal family. The Romanovs were not arrogant or spoiled; it is a well-known fact that Nikolai Alexandrovich raised his children in severity and simplicity, but the conditions in which they lived out their last days were terrifying.

Guards stood at every step, accompanying the princesses even to the toilet. The walls of the house (according to eyewitnesses) were covered with provocative and swear words, the guards behaved inappropriately, singing obscene songs and making dirty jokes.

Possible escape

A month before the execution, Nikolai Alexandrovich’s family received the first letter, which contained a call to escape. It was found among the products sent by Romanov from the monastery. It was written on French officer of the Russian army. Stupefied by the unknown and fear for his family, the consciousness of Nicholas II did not notice some inconsistencies.

For example, in the letter they addressed him not as “Your Majesty”, but simply as “You” (which a Russian officer could not afford), and the very fact of delivery of the note was doubtful, because the guards searched everything and everyone. Despite this, Nikolai, his wife and children did not undress for bed for several nights, preparing for a quick escape. It would become known later that this provocation was staged and was the “official” reason for the murder of the royal family.

Execution

Nicholas II, Emperor of All Rus';

Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress;

Daughters, Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia;

Son, Tsarevich Alexei;

Dr. Evgeny Botkin;

Chef Ivan Kharitonov;

Valet Alexey Trupp;

Maid Anna Demidova.

At about 2:00 the Romanovs and their entourage were raised from their beds and ordered to go down to the basement. Their wait was short. The commandant read out the death sentence, after which indiscriminate shooting immediately began. The killers' bullets did not immediately reach their victims. Some were bayoneted by one of the guards that ill-fated night.

Those who escaped execution

Initially, the Soviet authorities did not report the execution of the entire family, which gave hope to the monarchists for the restoration of the empire. However, when the true circumstances were revealed, different corners around the world, information began to appear about supposedly escaped members of the Romanov royal family.

Modern history knows:

• False Olga - 28;
• False Tatiana - 33;
• False Mary - 53;
• False Anastasia - 34;
• False-Aleskey -81.

Despite the fact that the remains of all the executed Romanovs were discovered in 1991, and DNA analysis qualified them, information is still emerging about the surviving victims of this barbaric murder. In 2000, the murdered royal family was canonized.

In Yekaterinburg on the night of July 17, 1918, the Bolsheviks shot Nicholas II, his entire family (wife, son, four daughters) and servants.

But the murder of the royal family was not an execution in the usual sense: a volley was fired and the condemned fell dead. Only Nicholas II and his wife died quickly - the rest, due to the chaos in the execution room, waited a few more minutes for death. The 13-year-old son of Alexei, the daughters and servants of the emperor were killed with shots to the head and stabbed with bayonets. HistoryTime will tell you how all this horror happened.

Reconstruction

The Ipatiev House, where the terrible events took place, was recreated in the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore in a 3D computer model. The virtual reconstruction allows you to walk through the premises of the “last palace” of the emperor, look into the rooms where he, Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, servants lived, go out into the courtyard, go to the rooms on the first floor (where the guards lived) and to the so-called execution room, in which the king and family suffered martyrdom.

The situation in the house was recreated to the smallest detail (down to the paintings on the walls, the sentry’s machine gun in the corridor and bullet holes in the “execution room”) on the basis of documents (including reports of the inspection of the house made by representatives of the “white” investigation), old photographs, and also interior details that have survived to this day thanks to museum workers: the Ipatiev House had a Historical and Revolutionary Museum for a long time, and before its demolition in 1977, its employees were able to remove and preserve some items.

For example, the pillars from the stairs to the second floor or the fireplace near which the emperor smoked (it was forbidden to leave the house) have been preserved. Now all these things are on display in the Romanov Hall of the Local History Museum. " The most valuable exhibit of our exposition is the bars that stood in the window of the “execution room”, says the creator of the 3D reconstruction, head of the history department of the Romanov dynasty of the museum, Nikolai Neuymin. - She is a mute witness to those terrible events.”

In July 1918, “red” Yekaterinburg was preparing for evacuation: the White Guards were approaching the city. Realizing that taking the Tsar and his family away from Yekaterinburg is dangerous for the young revolutionary republic (on the road it would be impossible to provide the imperial family with the same good security as in Ipatiev’s house, and Nicholas II could easily be recaptured by the monarchists), the leaders of the Bolshevik Party decide to destroy the Tsar along with children and servants.

On the fateful night, having waited for the final order from Moscow (the car brought him at half past two in the morning), the commandant of the “special purpose house” Yakov Yurovsky ordered Doctor Botkin to wake up Nikolai and his family.

Until the last minute, they did not know that they would be killed: they were informed that they were being transferred to another place for safety reasons, since the city had become restless - there was an evacuation due to the advance of white troops.

The room they were taken to was empty: there was no furniture - only two chairs were brought. The famous note from the commandant of the “House of Special Purpose” Yurovsky, who commanded the execution, reads:

Nikolai put Alexei on one, and Alexandra Fedorovna sat on the other. The commandant ordered the rest to stand in a line. ...Told the Romanovs that due to the fact that their relatives in Europe continued to attack Soviet Russia, the Urals Executive Committee decided to shoot them. Nikolai turned his back to the team, facing his family, then, as if coming to his senses, he turned around with the question: “What?” What?".

According to Neuimin, the short “Note of Yurovsky” (written in 1920 by the historian Pokrovsky under the dictation of a revolutionary) is an important, but not the best document. The execution and subsequent events are described much more fully in Yurovsky’s “Memoirs” (1922) and, especially, in the transcript of his speech at a secret meeting of old Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg (1934). There are also recollections of other participants in the execution: in 1963-1964, the KGB, on behalf of the CPSU Central Committee, interrogated all of them alive. " Their words echo the stories of Yurovsky different years: they all say about the same thing“, notes a museum employee.

Execution

According to Commandant Yurovsky, everything did not go at all as he had planned. " His idea was that in this room there is a wall plastered with wooden blocks, and there will be no rebound, says Neuimin. - But a little higher there are concrete vaults. The revolutionaries shot aimlessly, the bullets began to hit the concrete and bounce off. Yurovsky says that in the midst of it he was forced to give the command to cease fire: one bullet flew over his ear, and the other hit a comrade in the finger».

Yurovsky recalled in 1922:

For a long time I was unable to stop this shooting, which had become careless. But when I finally managed to stop, I saw that many were still alive. For example, Doctor Botkin was lying with his elbow right hand, as if in a resting pose, finished off him with a revolver shot. Alexey, Tatyana, Anastasia and Olga were also alive. Demidova’s maid was also alive.

The fact that despite the prolonged shooting, members of the royal family remained alive is simply explained.

It was decided in advance who would shoot whom, but the majority of revolutionaries began to shoot at the “tyrant” - Nicholas. " In the wake of revolutionary hysteria, they believed that he was the crowned executioner, says Neuimin. - Liberal-democratic propaganda, starting from the 1905 revolution, wrote this about Nicholas! They issued postcards - Alexandra Fedorovna with Rasputin, Nicholas II with huge branchy horns, in Ipatiev’s house all the walls were covered with inscriptions on this topic».

Yurovsky wanted everything to be unexpected for the royal family, so those whom the family knew entered the room (most likely): Commandant Yurovsky himself, his assistant Nikulin, and security chief Pavel Medvedev. The rest of the executioners stood in the doorway in three rows

In addition, Yurovsky did not take into account the size of the room (approximately 4.5 by 5.5 meters): members of the royal family settled in it, but there was no longer enough space for the executioners, and they stood behind each other. There is an assumption that only three stood inside the room - those whom the royal family knew (commandant Yurovsky, his assistant Grigory Nikulin and security chief Pavel Medvedev), two more stood in the doorway, the rest behind them. Alexey Kabanov, for example, recalls that he stood in the third row and shot, sticking his hand with a pistol between the shoulders of his comrades.

He says that when he finally entered the room, he saw that Medvedev (Kudrin), Ermakov and Yurovsky were standing “above the girls” and were shooting at them from above. Ballistic examination confirmed that Olga, Tatiana and Maria (except Anastasia) had bullet wounds to the head. Yurovsky writes:

Comrade Ermakov wanted to finish the matter with a bayonet. But, however, this did not work. The reason became clear later (the daughters were wearing diamond armor like bras). I was forced to shoot everyone in turn.

When the shooting stopped, it was discovered that Alexey was alive on the floor - it turns out that no one had shot at him (Nikulin was supposed to shoot, but he later said that he couldn’t, because he liked Alyoshka - a couple of days before the execution, he cut out a wooden pipe). The Tsarevich was unconscious, but breathing - and Yurovsky also shot him point-blank in the head.

Agony

When it seemed that everything was over, a female figure (the maid Anna Demidova) stood up in the corner with a pillow in her hands. With a cry " God bless! God saved me!"(all the bullets got stuck in the pillow) she tried to run away. But the cartridges ran out. Later, Yurovsky said that Ermakov, supposedly a good fellow, was not taken aback - he ran out into the corridor where Strekotin was standing at the machine gun, grabbed his rifle and began to poke the maid with a bayonet. She wheezed for a long time and did not die.

The Bolsheviks began to carry the bodies of the dead into the corridor. At this time, one of the girls - Anastasia - sat down and screamed wildly, realizing what had happened (it turns out that she fainted during the execution). " Then Ermakov pierced her - she died the last most painful death"- says Nikolai Neuimin.

Kabanov says that he had “the hardest thing” - killing dogs (before the execution, Tatyana had a French bulldog in her arms, and Anastasia had a dog Jimmy).

Medvedev (Kudrin) writes that the “triumphant Kabanov” came out with a rifle in his hand, on the bayonet of which two dogs were dangling, and with the words “for dogs - a dog’s death,” he threw them into a truck, where the corpses of members of the royal family were already lying.

During interrogation, Kabanov said that he barely pierced the animals with a bayonet, but, as it turned out, he lied: in the well of mine No. 7 (where the Bolsheviks dumped the bodies of those killed that same night), the “white” investigation found the corpse of this dog with a broken skull: apparently, one he pierced the animal and finished off the other with the butt.

All this terrible agony lasted, according to various researchers, up to half an hour, and even some seasoned revolutionaries’ nerves could not stand it. Neuimin says:

There, in Ipatiev’s house, there was a guard, Dobrynin, who abandoned his post and ran away. There was the head of the external security, Pavel Spiridonovich Medvedev, who was put in command of the entire security of the house (he is not a security officer, but a Bolshevik who fought, and they trusted him). Medvedev-Kudrin writes that Pavel fell during the execution and then began to crawl out of the room on all fours. When his comrades asked what was wrong with him (whether he was wounded), he cursed dirtyly and began to feel sick.

The Sverdlovsk museum displays pistols used by the Bolsheviks: three revolvers (analogues) and Pyotr Ermakov’s Mauser. The last exhibit is an authentic weapon used to kill the royal family (there is an act from 1927, when Ermakov handed over his weapons). Another proof that this is the same weapon is a photograph of a group of party leaders at the site where the remains of the royal family were hidden in Porosenkov Log (taken in 2014).

On it are the leaders of the Ural Regional Executive Committee and the Regional Party Committee (most were shot in 1937-38). Ermakov’s Mauser lies right on the sleepers - above the heads of the murdered and buried members of the royal family, whose burial place the “white” investigation was never able to find and which only half a century later the Ural geologist Alexander Avdonin was able to discover.

History, like a corrupt girl, falls under every new “king”. That's recent history our country has been rewritten many times. “Responsible” and “unbiased” historians rewrote biographies and changed the fates of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.

But today access to many archives is open. Only conscience is the key. What gets to people bit by bit does not leave those who live in Russia indifferent. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.

In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and real story no one can establish the last century.

Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer are robbing the Russians in all directions. Either they will start Maslenitsa in February by mocking Russian traditions, or they will put an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.

And then we wonder: why is this in a country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, such poor people?

Abdication of Nicholas II

Emperor Nicholas II did not abdicate the Throne. This act is “fake”. It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.

This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Sovereign Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Fredericks.

After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar Nicholas II was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading all of Russia by the fact that, seeing this false act, the clergy passed it off as real. And they telegraphed it to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Tsar had abdicated the Throne!

March 6, 1917 Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church listened to two reports. The first is the act of “abdication” of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the Russian State and the abdication of Supreme Power, which took place on March 2, 1917. The second is the act of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich’s refusal to accept the Supreme Power, which took place on March 3, 1917.

After the hearings, pending the establishment of a form of government in the Constituent Assembly and new fundamental laws of the Russian State, they ORDERED:

« Take note of the said acts and implement them and announce them in all Orthodox churches, in urban areas - on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural areas - on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with a prayer to the Lord God for the pacification of passions, with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected Russian Power and its Blessed Provisional Government».

And although the top generals of the Russian Army mostly consisted of Jews, the average officer corps and several senior officials generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue of the Emperor.

From that moment on, the split in the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!

The priesthood and the entire Russian society split.

But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Lawful Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.

After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion throughout the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.

To the Chairman of the V.Ch.K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F.E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of the V.Ts.I.K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as quickly as possible. Popovs should be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, and shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are subject to closure. The temple premises should be sealed and turned into warehouses.

Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Council. adv. Commissars Ulyanov /Lenin/.”

Murder simulation

There is a lot of information about the Sovereign’s stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.

Was there an execution? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of Ipatiev’s house?

It turns out yes!

There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug an underground passage to it. When Yeltsin destroyed the house, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.

Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to various Russian provinces, with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius (Nevsky).

On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent her husband, N.N. Ipatiev, a telegram in the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.

In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, the evacuation of Soviet institutions was underway in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were exported, including those of the Romanov family (!).

Great excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev House, where the Royal Family lived, was located. Those who were free from service went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “Where are They?”

Some inspected the house, breaking open the boarded up doors; others sorted out the lying things and papers; still others raked out the ashes from the furnaces. The fourth ones scoured the yard and garden, looking into all the basements and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.

While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit took away a lot of abandoned property, which was later found at the bazaar and flea markets.

The head of the garrison, Major General Golitsin, appointed a special commission of officers, mainly cadets of the Academy of the General Staff, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was tasked with dealing with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking out recent fire pits, found burnt items from the Tsar’s wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.

Captain Malinovsky received an order to explore the area of ​​​​Ganina Yama. On July 30, taking with him Sheremetyevsky, the investigator for the most important cases of the Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. Derevenko and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, he went there.

Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Sovereign Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses.

Malinovsky's commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of ​​all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I obtained evidence of the destruction there, in the fires near the mines of the Tsar's things.

After the entire staff of officers went to Koptyaki, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined Ipatiev’s house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetyevsky, began inspecting Ganina Yama.

When inspecting Ipatiev’s house, within a week the officers of Malinovsky’s group managed to establish almost all the basic facts, which the investigation later relied on.

A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, testified to Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I developed the conviction that the August Family is alive... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of murder.”

At the scene

On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the military authorities, since civil power had not yet been formed, he was asked to investigate the case of the Royal Family. After this, we began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.

On July 30, Alexey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After the inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, which Chemodurov, who was there, recognized as a jewel belonging to Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna.

Nametkin, inspecting Ipatiev’s house from August 2 to 8, had at his disposal publications of resolutions of the Urals Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which reported on the execution of Nicholas II.

An inspection of the building, traces of gunshots and signs of shed blood confirmed a well-known fact - the possible death of people in this house.

As for the other results of the inspection of Ipatiev’s house, they left the impression of the unexpected disappearance of its inhabitants.

On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect Ipatiev’s house and described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Feodorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the examination, I found many small things that, according to the valet T.I. Chemodurov and the Heir's doctor V.N. Derevenko, belonged to members of the Royal Family.

Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene of the incident, stated that a mock execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.

He repeated his data officially in Omsk, where he gave interviews on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Stating that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17 and was going to publish these documents soon.

But he was forced to hand over the investigation.

War with investigators

On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority vote, decided to transfer the “case of the murder of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II” to court member Ivan Aleksandrovich Sergeev .

After the case was transferred, the house where he rented the premises was burned down, which led to the destruction of Nametkin’s investigative archive.

The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene of an incident lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks to plan further actions for each of the significant circumstances discovered. What is harmful about replacing them is that with the departure of the previous investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of mysteries disappears.

On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin was shot.

Sergeev was aware of the complexity of the upcoming investigation.

He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. After all, in criminology there is a strict attitude: “no corpse, no murder.” They had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they very carefully searched the area and pumped out water from the mines. But... they found only a severed finger and a prosthetic upper jaw. True, a “corpse” was also recovered, but it was the corpse of the Grand Duchess Anastasia’s dog.

In addition, there are witnesses who saw the former Empress and her children in Perm.

Doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, like Botkin, who accompanied the Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, testifies over and over again that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar must have a mark on his head / skull / from the blow of the Japanese sabers in 1891

The clergy also knew about the liberation of the Royal Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.

Life of the royal family after “death”

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was a special officer. department that monitored all movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, it will have to be taken into account, and, therefore, Russia’s future policy will have to be reconsidered.

Daughters Olga (lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in Diveyevo Monastery, disguised as nuns and sang in the choir of the Trinity Church. From there Tatyana moved to Krasnodar region, got married and lived in the Apsheronsky and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solenom, Mostovsky district.

Olga, through Uzbekistan, left for Afghanistan with the Emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on January 16, 1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one demoniac, but were returned to Kazan Temple).

On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to those stolen and reburied near the Kazan Church.

The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and Anastasia (lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were in the Glinsk Hermitage for some time. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to the station. Panfilovo, where she was buried on June 27, 1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino and was buried there on May 27, 1954.

Metropolitan John of Ladoga (Snychev, d. 1995) looked after Anastasia’s daughter Julia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) looked after Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, died 2011) looked after his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), having returned from the front, worked as an architect, and it was built according to his design Train Station in Stalingrad-Volgograd!

Brother of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich was also able to escape from Perm right under the nose of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.

Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna stayed at the Tsar’s dacha (Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim Ponetaevsky Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Ksenia (in honor of St. Ksenia Grigorievna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).

In 1899, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic poem:

“In the solitude and silence of the monastery,

Where guardian angels fly,

Far from temptation and sin

She lives, whom everyone considers dead.

Everyone thinks she already lives

In the Divine celestial sphere.

She steps outside the walls of the monastery,

Submissive to your increased faith!”

The Empress met with Stalin, who told Her the following: “Live quietly in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics.”

Stalin's patronage saved the Tsarina when local security officers opened criminal cases against her.

Money transfers were regularly received from France and Japan in the name of the Queen. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank, Ruf Leontyevich Shpilev, and the chief accountant Klokolov.

The Empress did handicrafts, making blouses and scarves, and for making hats she was sent straws from Japan. All this was done on orders from local fashionistas.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

In 1931, the Tsarina appeared at the Starobelsky Okrot Department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in her account in the Berlin Reichsbank, as well as $300,000 in the Chicago Bank. She allegedly wants to put all these funds at the disposal of the Soviet government, provided that it provides for her old age.

The Empress’s statement was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called “Credit Bureau” to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!

In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, the Empress on the same day was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who invited her to move to Berlin, to which the Empress replied with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wanted: it was not suitable, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.

The only thing the Queen agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. True, the city commandant still ordered to install a sign at the Empress’s home with the inscription in Russian and German: “Do not disturb Her Majesty.”

Which she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen there were... wounded Soviet tankers.

The German medicine was very useful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisals.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, under the name of Xenia, lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region, from 1927 until her death in 1948. She took monastic tonsure in the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsky Holy Trinity Monastery.

Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of Social. Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.

Wife Klavdiya Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). Son of Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Political Directorate of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38 deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 - 1950 beginning UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 beginning UMGB Kuibyshev region. Grandsons Tatyana and Alexey.

The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, composer Khachaturian, and rocket designer Chelomey.

In 1940 - 1960 - deputy prev Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - deputy. prev Council for the evacuation of industry to the eastern regions of the USSR. From January to July 1942 - Commissioner of the State Defense Committee in besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. The Tsarevich walked around Ladoga on the yacht “Standard” and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, so he organized the “Road of Life” across the Lake to supply the city.

Alexey Nikolaevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to purchase household appliances and computers from all over the world.

The Sverdlovsk Region produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled with underground cities hiding under the symbols “Sverdlovsk-42”, and there were more than two hundred such “Sverdlovsks”.

He helped Palestine as Israel expanded its borders at the expense of Arab lands.

He implemented projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.

But the Jews, members of the Politburo, made the main line of the budget the export of crude oil and gas - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.

In 1949, during the promotion of G. M. Malenkov’s “Leningrad Affair,” Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Mikoyan, deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, “organized Kosygin’s long trip around Siberia, due to the need to strengthen cooperation activities and improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products.” Stalin agreed on this business trip with Mikoyan on time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August to the end of December 1950 lay in his dacha, miraculously remaining alive!

When addressing Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him “Kosyga”, since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.

In the 60s Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the inefficiency existing system, proposed a transition from a social economy to a real one. Keep records of sold, and not manufactured, products as the main indicator of the efficiency of enterprises, etc. Alexey Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on the island. Damansky, meeting in Beijing at the airport with the Prime Minister of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.

Alexey Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery in the Tula region and communicated with the nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire Royal family. He even once gave her a diamond ring for clear predictions. And shortly before his death he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!

The death of Tsarevich Alexei coincided with the birthday of L.I. Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and during these days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.

The ashes of the Tsarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!

There was no memorial service for the August Family

Until 1927, the Royal Family met on the stones of St. Seraphim of Sarov, next to the Tsar’s dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now all that remains of the Skete is the former baptismal sanctuary. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were relocated to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.

In the 20s - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schemanun Dominica (1906 - 2009).

Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II.

In the uniform of an officer, Nicholas II visited Stalin in the Kremlin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin’s guard.

Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately withdrew from the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in Mannerheim’s office there hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912, Fr. Alexey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, cared for a woman who arrived there from Finland in 1956 as a permanent resident. eldest daughter Tsar - Olga.

In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family, Vladyka Feofan (Bistrov), lived.

Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931 he went to Paris to meet with Tsar Nicholas II and the people who freed the Royal Family from captivity. Bishop Theophan also said that over time the Romanov Family would be restored, but through the female line.

Expertise

Head Department of Biology of the Ural Medical Academy Oleg Makeev said: “Genetic examination after 90 years is not only complicated due to the changes that have occurred in bone tissue, but also cannot give an absolute result even if it is carried out carefully. The methodology used in the studies already conducted is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.”

The foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, created in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolaevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, ordered a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the DNA discrepancy between the “Ekaterinburg remains”.

The commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V.K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova, whose relics are kept in the Jerusalem Church of Mary Magdalene.

« The sisters and their children should have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Feodorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Fedorovna and her daughters,” was the conclusion of the scientists.

The experiment was carried out by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular taxonomist from Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the participation of Dr. Lev Zhivotovsky, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

After the death of an organism, the DNA begins to quickly decompose (cut) into pieces, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creation special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200 - 300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during analysis, a segment of 1,223 nucleotides was isolated».

Thus, Pyotr Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “ Geneticists again refuted the results of an examination carried out in 1994 in a British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the “Ekaterinburg remains” belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family.».

Japanese scientists presented the Moscow Patriarchate with the results of their research regarding the “Ekaterinburg remains”.

On December 7, 2004, in the MP building, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai. Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine at Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987, he has been working at Kitazato University, is vice-dean of the Joint School of Medical Sciences, director and professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department of Forensic Medicine. He published 372 scientific papers and made 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London.

He identified the mitochondrial DNA of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief remained there and was applied to the wound. It turned out that the DNA structures from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the DNA structure in both the second and third cases. The research team led by Dr. Nagai took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in Catherine's Palace Tsarskoye Selo, and performed its mitochondrial analysis.

In addition, mitochondrial DNA analysis was performed on hair, lower jaw bone and nails. thumb V.K. Georgiy Alexandrovich, younger brother of Nicholas II, buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral. He compared DNA from bone cuts buried in 1998 in Peter and Paul Fortress, with blood samples from Emperor Nicholas II’s own nephew Tikhon Nikolaevich, as well as samples of the sweat and blood of Tsar Nicholas II himself.

Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We obtained different results from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Dr. Pavel Ivanov in five respects."

Glorification of the King

Sobchak (Finkelstein, d. 2000), while mayor of St. Petersburg, committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and his family members to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 - without even waiting for the conclusions of Nemtsov’s “official commission”.

The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “imperial house” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “head of the Russian imperial house,” applied for state registration of the deaths of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918 - 1919. , and issuing death certificates."

On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the “rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family.” This application was submitted on behalf of “Princess” Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.

The glorification of the Royal Family, although it took place under Ridiger (Alexy II) at the Council of Bishops, was just a cover for the “consecration” of the Temple of Solomon.

After all, only a Local Council can glorify the Tsar in the ranks of the Saints. Because the King is the exponent of the Spirit of the entire people, and not just the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Council of Bishops in 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.

According to ancient canons, God’s saints can be glorified after healing from various ailments occurs at their graves. After this, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healings come from God. If not, then such healings are performed by the Demon, and they will later turn into new diseases.

In order to see for yourself, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod at the Red Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.

The funeral service and burial of Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II was performed by the famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Gregory (Dolbunov, d. 1996).

Whoever the Lord grants to go to the grave and be healed will be able to see it from his own experience.

The transfer of His relics is yet to take place at the federal level.

Sergey Zhelenkov

Meeting of the Great Embassy by Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov and nun Martha at the Holy Gate of the Ipatiev Monastery on March 14, 1613. Miniature from the “Book on the election of the Great Sovereign and Grand Duke Mikhail Feodorovich of All Great Russia, Samrodzher, to the highest throne of the great Russian kingdom. 1673"

The year was 1913. A jubilant crowd greeted the Emperor, who arrived with his family in Kostroma. The solemn procession headed to the Ipatiev Monastery. Three hundred years ago, young Mikhail Romanov hid from the Polish interventionists within the walls of the monastery; here Moscow diplomats begged him to marry the kingdom. Here, in Kostroma, the history of the Romanov dynasty’s service to the Fatherland began, tragically ending in 1917.

The first Romanovs

Why was Mikhail Fedorovich, a seventeen-year-old boy, given responsibility for the fate of the state? The Romanov family was closely connected with the extinct Rurik dynasty: the first wife of Ivan the Terrible, Anastasia Romanovna Zakharyina, had brothers, the first Romanovs, who received their surname on behalf of their father. The most famous of them is Nikita. Boris Godunov saw the Romanovs as serious rivals in the struggle for the throne, so all the Romanovs were exiled. Only two sons of Nikita Romanov survived - Ivan and Fedor, who was tonsured a monk (in monasticism he received the name Filaret). When did the disaster for Russia end? Time of Troubles, it was necessary to choose a new king, and the choice fell on Fyodor’s young son, Mikhail.

Mikhail Fedorovich ruled from 1613 to 1645, but in fact the country was ruled by his father, Patriarch Filaret. In 1645, sixteen-year-old Alexei Mikhailovich ascended the throne. During his reign, foreigners were willingly called up for service, and interest arose in Western culture and customs, and the children of Alexei Mikhailovich were influenced by European education, which largely determined the further course of Russian history.

Alexei Mikhailovich was married twice: his first wife, Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, gave the Tsar thirteen children, but only two of the five sons, Ivan and Fedor, survived their father. The children were sickly, and Ivan also suffered from dementia. From his second marriage to Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina, the tsar had three children: two daughters and a son, Peter. Alexei Mikhailovich died in 1676, Fyodor Alekseevich, a fourteen-year-old boy, was crowned king. The reign was short-lived - until 1682. His brothers had not yet reached adulthood: Ivan was fifteen years old, and Peter was about ten. They were both proclaimed kings, but the government of the state was in the hands of their regent, Princess Sophia of Miloslavskaya. Having reached adulthood, Peter regained power. And although Ivan V also bore the royal title, Peter alone ruled the state.

The era of Peter the Great

The Peter the Great era is one of the brightest pages national history. However, it is impossible to give an unambiguous assessment of either the personality of Peter I himself or his reign: despite all the progressiveness of his policies, his actions were sometimes cruel and despotic. This is confirmed by the fate of his eldest son. Peter was married twice: from his union with his first wife, Evdokia Fedorovna Lopukhina, a son, Alexei, was born. Eight years of marriage ended in divorce. Evdokia Lopukhina, the last Russian queen, was sent to a monastery. Tsarevich Alexei, raised by his mother and her relatives, was hostile to his father. Opponents of Peter I and his reforms rallied around him. Alexei Petrovich was accused of treason and sentenced to death. He died in 1718 in the Peter and Paul Fortress, without waiting for the execution of the sentence. From his second marriage to Catherine I, only two children - Elizabeth and Anna - survived their father.

After the death of Peter I in 1725, a struggle for the throne began, in fact, provoked by Peter himself: he abolished the old order of succession to the throne, according to which power would pass to his grandson Peter, son of Alexei Petrovich, and issued a decree according to which the autocrat could appoint himself successor, but did not have time to draw up a will. With the support of the guard and the closest circle of the deceased emperor, Catherine I ascended the throne, becoming the first empress of the Russian state. Her reign was the first in a series of reigns of women and children and marked the beginning of the era of palace coups.

Palace coups

Catherine's reign was short-lived: from 1725 to 1727. After her death, eleven-year-old Peter II, the grandson of Peter I, finally came to power. He ruled for only three years and died of smallpox in 1730. This was the last representative of the Romanov family in the male line.

Management of the state passed into the hands of Peter the Great's niece, Anna Ivanovna, who ruled until 1740. She had no children, and according to her will, the throne passed to her grandson sister Ekaterina Ivanovna, Ivan Antonovich, a two-month-old baby. With the help of the guards, Peter I's daughter Elizabeth overthrew Ivan VI and his mother and came to power in 1741. The fate of the unfortunate child is sad: he and his parents were exiled to the north, to Kholmogory. He spent his entire life in captivity, first in a remote village, then in the Shlisselburg fortress, where his life ended in 1764.

Elizabeth reigned for 20 years - from 1741 to 1761. - and died childless. She was the last representative of the Romanov family in a direct line. The rest of the Russian emperors, although they bore the Romanov surname, actually represented the German Holstein-Gottorp dynasty.

According to Elizabeth's will, her nephew, the son of Anna Petrovna's sister, Karl Peter Ulrich, who received the name Peter in Orthodoxy, was crowned king. But already in 1762, his wife Catherine, relying on the guard, carried out a palace coup and came to power. Catherine II ruled Russia for more than thirty years. Perhaps that is why one of the first decrees of her son Paul I, who came to power in 1796 already in adulthood, was to return to the order of succession to the throne from father to son. However, his fate also had a tragic ending: he was killed by conspirators, and his eldest son Alexander I came to power in 1801.

From the Decembrist uprising to the February revolution.

Alexander I had no heirs; his brother Constantine did not want to reign. The unclear situation with the succession to the throne provoked an uprising in Senate Square. It was harshly suppressed by the new Emperor Nicholas I and went down in history as the Decembrist uprising.

Nicholas I had four sons; the eldest, Alexander II, ascended the throne. He reigned from 1855 to 1881. and died after an assassination attempt by Narodnaya Volya.

In 1881, the son of Alexander II, Alexander III, ascended the throne. He was not the eldest son, but after the death of Tsarevich Nicholas in 1865, they began to prepare him for public service.

Alexander III appears before the people on the Red Porch after his coronation. May 15, 1883. Engraving. 1883

After Alexander III, his eldest son, Nicholas II, was crowned king. At the coronation of the last Russian emperor, a tragic event occurred. It was announced that gifts would be distributed on Khodynka Field: a mug with an imperial monogram, half a loaf of wheat bread, 200 grams of sausage, gingerbread with a coat of arms, a handful of nuts. Thousands of people were killed and injured in the stampede for these gifts. Many inclined towards mysticism see a direct connection between the Khodynka tragedy and the murder of the imperial family: in 1918, Nicholas II, his wife and five children were shot in Yekaterinburg on the orders of the Bolsheviks.

Makovsky V. Khodynka. Watercolor. 1899

With the death of the royal family, the Romanov family did not fade away. Most of the grand dukes and princesses with their families managed to escape from the country. In particular, to the sisters of Nicholas II - Olga and Ksenia, his mother Maria Feodorovna, his uncle - the brother of Alexander III Vladimir Alexandrovich. It is from him that the family leading the Imperial House today comes.