The oral cavity can tell a lot about the state of the body, and the tongue is a good indicator.

From time to time it may become coated, and a natural question arises, why is there a white coating on the tongue?

The cause could be something as harmless as an extra cup of coffee, or it could be an indicator of a serious health problem. But first you need to understand what this raid is.

What is a raid?

The film itself can be coagulated protein components of saliva, desquamated epithelium, dead leukocytes, accumulation of bacteria and food debris.

Due to the dysfunction of the normal state of the body, metabolic processes were disrupted and instead of removing this plaque, it began to accumulate.

As a rule, the oral cavity cleans itself by consuming solid foods, liquids, swallowing and rinsing, but with illness, more bacteria appear, and the natural (physiological) processes for cleansing the mucous membrane of the tongue become insufficient.

In the normal state of the body, there is also plaque, but this film is not dense and through it the surface of the tongue of a healthy pink color is visible.

Thickening is permissible only at the base of the tongue due to the structural features of the papillae in that area.

Due to poor diet, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, this plaque can become thicker. After refusing bad habits everything will return to normal. This can also happen after eating coloring foods, such as blueberries or beets, after strong tea and black coffee. But the cause of the appearance can also be more dangerous diseases.

Problems in the oral cavity are a reflection of problems throughout the body.

Common problems and illnesses

So, why does a white coating appear on the tongue of an adult or child?

If this problem bothers you even after following all the rules healthy image life and the basics of hygiene, then you should think about the state of the internal systems of the body. A particularly dangerous “bell” is the presence of bad breath.

Even the location of this plaque will tell you which vital systems of the body you need to pay attention to:

• The root of the tongue signals problems with the intestines or kidneys.
• The middle part of the tongue indicates a disorder of the stomach, liver or pancreas, and sometimes the heart.
• A white coating on the tip of the tongue is a sign of a respiratory disorder.

However, not only the location of this plaque is important, but also its thickness, consistency, size, shape and accompanying symptoms. In any case, this indicates a decrease in immunity, and that the body needs help. Only a doctor can prescribe the necessary help! It is unwise to self-medicate.

With diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, even cracks may appear. In this case, it is necessary to monitor your diet, but you should not delay consultations with a gastroenterologist. White thick plaque is an indicator of periodic intestinal problems causing constipation. The formation of a thickening of white plaque at the very root of the tongue indicates a significant accumulation of various toxins in the large intestine. It is imperative to cleanse the body of these accumulations.

If the coating is slippery and located on the right side of the tongue, an infection in the gallbladder or liver can be assumed. The solution to this problem should only be entrusted to a specialist. In the case where tooth marks remain on this plaque, it is necessary to check the digestibility of the intestines. This is done by a gastroenterologist and cannot be done without thorough treatment.

A violation of the kidneys is indicated by the whitening of the root of the tongue along the edges. A white tip of the tongue often occurs in smokers, because they are most often susceptible to problems with the respiratory system. In a non-smoker, such a symptom also indicates the same diseases. When plaque is accompanied by dry mouth and an increase in white papillae on the tongue, this confirms dehydration. It is necessary to replenish the water balance.

Correspondence of organs and zones of the tongue

During a sore throat, such white discharge on the tongue is not uncommon. This problem can only be attributed to a sore throat if the body temperature rises, difficulties with swallowing and other symptoms of a respiratory disease appear. If such plaque appears on the tonsils and pharynx, then call a doctor immediately. With scarlet fever, the tongue becomes red, and the plaque itself is spotted.

Thrush, candidiasis and other fungal diseases also appear in the oral cavity. Their peculiarity is an uneven coating, sometimes in the form of flakes or curdled deposits. The formation of ulcers indicates stomatitis.

Any of these diseases cannot be treated on your own. Most often, such problems are treated by a dermatologist or dentist.

Treatment of plaque in an adult

You should immediately understand that white plaque in itself is not an independent disease.

It is just an indicator of health problems, so it is necessary to identify the cause of its occurrence and eliminate it.

Eliminate exposure poor nutrition, smoking, drinking alcohol, reduce the amount of tea and coffee, replacing it with water and juices. If the problem does not go away, be sure to get examined at the hospital.

Treatment can be prescribed by a therapist, endocrinologist, dentist and gastroenterologist. First of all, make an appointment with a therapist. To establish an accurate diagnosis, it will be necessary to undergo tests and check the condition of the internal organs, only after which treatment can be prescribed.

Treatment does not necessarily need to be medication; you may only need to adhere to a certain diet. After recovery, the problem with white plaque will be completely eliminated.

Cleansing from plaque

If necessary, the oral cavity can be cleaned of plaque.

A special brush is used for this, but you can do it with an ordinary toothbrush if it has the necessary attachment.

First you need to brush your teeth and then remove plaque.

You can brush with a toothbrush and toothpaste. The direction of movement of the brush is from the root of the tongue to its tip, capturing areas on the sides of the tongue. Use caution, especially if you have a strong gag reflex. A noticeable effect on the root of the tongue may cause vomiting.

If there are problems in the body digestive system and liver, then such changes are often reflected in the tongue and if you are careful, you can diagnose such pathologies in time. In the article we will study and also consider preventive measures.

Have you noticed a brown coating on your tongue? Then the next article will be useful for you - you will find everything about the reasons for the brown film on the tongue.

And in this topic we will consider physiological and pathological causes white coating on the tongue.

Cleaning with fingertips

When brushing has been completed, it is useful to do a more gentle brushing using the soft part of your fingertips. The direction of movement is the same. Rinse your fingers under running water every time you run over your tongue.

Sometimes the plaque can be scraped off with the edge of a metal or plastic spoon, but this is not suitable for sensitive mucous skin, as this method is quite traumatic.

Folk remedies for tongue care

Don't worry if the oak bark turns your teeth a slightly darker shade - this goes away quickly.

A well-known remedy for the prevention of problems with gums and deposits on the tongue is raw sunflower oil. Fill your mouth with it, hold it for 10-15 minutes, and then be sure to spit out the resulting white foam.

A number of cases of the appearance of a white coating on the tongue should not be a cause for concern, but there are other situations that force one to seek medical help. The reason why white tongue usually forms is usually due to the activity of bacteria in the mouth. They reproduce more actively at night, and in the morning a person will be able to see the indicated coating on his tongue. It is nocturnal bacterial activity that, by and large, is the key to the formation of whiteness on the tongue. It accumulates in the oral cavity due to weak activity of the salivary glands when a person sleeps.

Health problems are indicated by a thick layer of plaque on the tongue surface, when it constantly accumulates, it can only be removed with difficulty, and it has a high recovery rate.

The presence of whiteness in the language in the morning is typical for any adult. When you have cleared your tongue of it, and it appears on it again, and even gradually thickens, then you should take care of your health and seek medical advice.

Important! If infant If you find whiteness on your tongue, you should immediately contact your pediatrician.

The following pathological cases of the formation of whiteness in the tongue can be distinguished:

• tongue lesions associated with various ailments - pathologies of internal organs, oncology, hypovitaminosis, infectious lesions, dysbacteriosis, as well as others;
• chronic or acute pathologies of the tongue itself: the effect of drugs, infectious influence, inflammation;
• not caused by diseases: problems with oral hygiene, food intake white, exposure to toothpaste or mouthwash that is not suitable, exposure to tobacco or alcohol.

The localization of plaque on the tongue is an indicator that indicates in more detail the organ that is susceptible to the disease:

• The central area of ​​the tongue is susceptible to plaque accumulation. If this type plaque is also accompanied by the formation of small cracks, this indicates that the stomach is malfunctioning. This may be evidence of gastritis. In the absence of other symptoms, the thinness of the plaque and its not very dense, the observed signs indicate that the disease is just in its infancy. The solution here would be to adjust the daily routine with diet and limit physical activity;
• plaque accumulates in the middle of the outer lingual surface with various deviations from symmetry in the case of the liver (from the left edge) and the pancreas (from the right edge). Accumulation occurs strictly in the center when there are disturbances in the functioning of the stomach;
• Plaque accumulates at the base of the tongue in case of pathology of the kidneys (at the edges) or intestines (in the middle). When plaque accumulates near the base of the tongue, it should be said that it is due to significant accumulation of toxic substances in the intestines and its slagging. This is evidence of the onset of pathology towards the development of gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcers. Treatment should be based on dietary adjustments;
• localization of white plaque on the sides of the tongue near the tip indicates pulmonary pathologies. A smoker with such a tongue receives a stop signal for smoking. Plaque on the edge of the tongue, but at the root, indicates the development of nephritis and is the basis for visiting a urologist.

Plaque on the tongue - reasons

The tongue is a mirror of the internal organs

When the tongue is covered with a coating of light color and thin thickness so that the color of the tongue is visible through the coating, then we can talk about a normal coating and not worry. When the plaque is dense, you should immediately seek medical help. Plaque color, position on the tongue and thickness are markers of certain pathological phenomena in the body.

Whiteness of the tongue, as a physiologically normal phenomenon, can be associated with eating a number of dishes, drinking coffee or tea. A color change on the surface of the tongue can be provoked by eating blueberries, a number of milk-based products, sweets with dyes, and beets. This development of events does not pose a danger to the body and usually goes away after a 2-3 hour period.

White-yellow coating on the tongue surface

The yellow tint of white plaque on the tongue surface is an indicator of the development of pathologies of the liver and gallbladder. This plaque occurs with cholecystitis, dyskinesia of bile excretion pathways, and bile stagnation. The latter disease requires mandatory treatment in order to avoid the formation of stones inside the organ. Also, with this plaque there is a possibility of the presence of stones in the gall bladder. This symptom also usually indicates viral hepatitis. Yellowness of the tongue at the base is often associated with jaundice. In addition, a coating of this color on the surface of the tongue is often accompanied by nausea and a feeling of bitterness in the mouth. Nausea can lead to vomiting.

Whiteness on the tongue is normal

There are a number of cases of whiteness on the tongue that should not cause concern to those who have it:

• the tongue coating is a translucent film of small thickness;
• the organ is characterized by flexibility and mobility, which are natural to it;
• there is no intense bad breath like the smell of rotten fish;
• a film of white plaque can be easily removed when brushing your teeth;
• through the coating it is easy to notice the pink surface of the tongue;
• there is no unpleasant feeling of discomfort or pain;
• health is generally good.

In all other cases, it is important to pay attention to the health of the body. The condition of the oral cavity is associated with hypovitaminosis, climate change, and changes in diet.

Candidiasis in the oral cavity

Candida, or a type of yeast, can cause this disease. This pathology is also called thrush. The most common symptoms of this disease include a white coating on the surface of the tongue.

Quite soon it disappears along with other symptoms when antifungal therapy is used against the disease. One of the characteristics of thrush is the ability of a white film to separate from the lingual surface, exposing pinpoint ulcerations.

Stomatitis

When inflammation of all surfaces in the oral cavity occurs, we can conclude that a disease called stomatitis develops. The gums, tongue, throat, as well as lips and cheeks become inflamed. A favorable outcome is predicted for this disease. In addition to a white coating, there are small ulcers on the tongue. They often bleed. Their diameter ranges from 1 to 10 millimeters. Children, including infants, are often susceptible to the disease.

Diagnostics

Some information about the patient should help to correctly determine the cause of the appearance of white plaque:

• the presence or absence of changes in taste;
• presence or absence of smoking habit;
• presence or absence of pain in the oral cavity;
• types of ailments to which the body was exposed at the previous stage;
• the moment of discovering whiteness on the surface of the tongue for the first time;
• what changes occurred with appearance lingual surface, these include swelling and ulcers;
• pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements you use.

In a number of cases, it is necessary to obtain advice from specialized medical specialists, such as an infectious disease specialist, gastroenterologist, or endocrinologist. Among the tests for diagnostic purposes, it is recommended to donate blood, urine and bacterial culture.

Treatment

The majority of cases with a white coating on the surface of the tongue are caused by diseases of the digestive system, which of course does not allow the patient to relax and forget about health problems. This will require a mandatory trip to the clinic with a thorough diagnosis of the problem.

A number of factors that are physiologically normal lead to the appearance of whiteness on the tongue surface. Under these circumstances, there is no need to treat the person. But you still have to take a number of measures. It is worth taking measures to adjust your diet, stop exhausting your body with diets, and eating fast food.

You should also avoid the habit of eating on the go.

You may need to stop eating spicy and heavily seasoned foods, stop drinking too hot drinks, give up sandwiches and eat whole foods instead, and overcome cravings for alcohol. Quitting smoking will be an additional key to solving the problem.

When the plaque is thick enough, and even more so has a tint, and is not located over the entire surface of the tongue, you should think better about your health. There is no way without a visit to the doctor. He will determine real reasons situations with the language and prescribe the necessary medications and procedures. A careful attitude towards yourself in any such cases may consist of examining the oral cavity using a mirror.

Folk remedy

To remove whiteness from the surface of the tongue already in the period of Ancient India they came up with unique way based on vegetable oil.

The human oral cavity is an indicator general condition body. Ancient healers knew about this, successfully diagnosing many diseases by the presence of plaque on the surface of the tongue. And now, using these indicators, you can learn a lot about your health status and notice the development of certain pathological processes in time.

Most often, a whitish coating appears on the tongue. This is not always a sign of illness. However, if the plaque is thick, has different shades, and the mouth feels bitter, dry, or has an unpleasant odor, we can talk about the presence of problems in the body. Of course, the doctor will determine the existing disease. Today we will talk about the possible reasons for this phenomenon.

So, why does dry mouth appear, a white coating on the tongue in adults? What are the causes and treatment for this phenomenon? Let's talk about it.

What does the tongue look like? healthy person ?

When everything is in order in the body, the tongue is not enlarged, moderately moist, and has a light pink tint. The papillae are not bright, moderately pronounced, their sensitivity is within normal limits. There is no bad breath.

In this case, the appearance of a light white, translucent coating is acceptable, which can be easily removed during cleaning. This is usually observed in the morning in every adult. After cleansing, plaque does not appear again throughout the day.

But, if the white coating is dense, persistent, difficult to clean off, and has an unpleasant odor, we can assume the development of a pathological process. So, why is the tongue covered with a white coating, what are the reasons for this?

Coated tongue - reasons

Very often, a coated tongue is a sign of certain diseases. Let's briefly look at some of them:

This phenomenon is very often observed during exacerbation of gastritis. If the acidity of the stomach is increased, the tongue becomes rough and excessively moist. With low acidity, it is, on the contrary, smooth and dry.

Dry mouth, bitterness, white coating on the tongue, in particular at its root, may be a sign of a peptic ulcer. These symptoms remain throughout the treatment.

In adult patients, the described phenomenon may be a sign bad work liver, kidney disease, pancreatic pathology. Accompanied by dry mouth and an unpleasant, bitter odor.

Stomatitis may be accompanied by a coating on the tongue. In this case, it is white and moist, but dryness and bitterness in the mouth rarely appear.

With angina, there is usually a coated throat and tongue, dryness of the oral mucosa.

Similar symptoms can be observed with dysentery. If the white coating is pronounced - thick and dense, this indicates large-scale intoxication of the body.

White plaque always present with oral candidiasis.

The cause may also be helminthic infestations.

HIV infection, which is at the AIDS stage, is also accompanied by a thick, white coat of the tongue. This is due to the activity of bacteria, viruses or fungi. With normal functioning of the immune system, most of these infections simply do not develop.

Disorders not associated with pathology

Of course, white coating on the tongue in adults is not always a sign of an existing disease. For example, this may be a consequence of insufficient oral hygiene or excessive consumption of sweets. It is observed with smoking and alcohol consumption.

In addition, hormonal imbalance in the body, for example, during menopause, can also be accompanied by a persistent white coating and dryness of the oral mucosa.

What to do if there is a white coating on your tongue?

To get rid of a coated tongue, you must cure the disease that caused its appearance.

The first step is to visit a dentist, who will carefully examine the oral cavity and conduct an examination to determine possible reason raid. If there is a suspicion of internal pathology, he will refer the patient to other specialists, in particular: a gastroenterologist, endocrinologist or infectious disease specialist.

If, as a result of the diagnosis, a disease of the digestive tract is discovered, further treatment will be carried out by a gastroenterologist. If the cause of the white plaque is thrush (candidiasis), the specialist will prescribe antifungal drugs.

Symptomatic therapy is carried out using drugs for antiseptic treatment of the mouth. An important factor in treatment is also the elimination of factors that provoke the appearance of plaque.

Home remedies for plaque

Simultaneously with the treatment and the implementation of medical recommendations, the patient is recommended to regularly, thoroughly cleanse the tongue of plaque. To do this, you can use a special scraper designed to clean the tongue.

An effective remedy is a paste that you can make yourself by mixing turmeric powder with lemon juice. This mixture copes well with plaque and disinfects the oral cavity.

To cleanse and prevent various inflammations, it is useful to use vegetable oil. You need to put 1 tablespoon of oil in your mouth and slowly rinse your mouth for 10 minutes. Then be sure to spit it out and brush your teeth. To enhance the disinfecting effect, you can add a few salt crystals to the oil. Be healthy!

The appearance of a person's tongue says a lot about his health. The presence of a white coating or so-called coated tongue indicates pathological processes in the body.

A light coating on the tongue appears after sleep in almost every adult. It is characterized by its slight thickness and the absence of an unpleasant odor. This plaque is easily removed while brushing your teeth and does not appear during the day. White plaque after sleep is formed due to the reduction and activation of bacteria. The norm is a slight coating on the root of the tongue without changing the color of the mucous membrane.

Persistent lining is considered a sign of disease, usually we're talking about about pathological processes in internal organs. Dental problems are rarely the cause of plaque formation.

At the very least, plaque formed due to poor hygiene is easily removed and does not cause any particular problems.

Causes of education in an adult

Based on the condition of the tongue, one or another disease can be diagnosed. A healthy tongue is characterized by moderate moisture, the absence of an unpleasant odor, and weakened expression of the papillae (pimples on the tongue). The appearance of plaque is often accompanied by increased dryness, unpleasant smell, sensory impairment.

The causes of a white tongue are varied. Among them:

All these reasons provoke the formation of a white coating on the tongue. In some cases, it is not possible to eliminate tongue coating with simple hygiene procedures. When answering the question why the tongue is covered with a white coating, we must not forget about hidden pathological processes in the body. In what diseases does “ white tongue»:

Principles of treatment

There is no treatment for tongue thickening as such. It is necessary to treat the pathology that causes plaque formation. If a problem is detected, you need to contact a dentist who will help you understand how to get rid of the pathology. Even if the problem is non-dental in nature, the doctor will be able to assess the condition and refer you for further examination by specialists of other profiles.

If the cause of plaque formation lies in excessive drinking and smoking, then bad habits should be abandoned or the consumption of these substances reduced. It is recommended to take prophylactic medications that improve liver function. Special attention paid to oral hygiene. You should train yourself after every meal.

Symptomatic therapy consists of eliminating provoking factors and antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity.

If the coating is a consequence of tongue diseases, then it is necessary to carry out anti-inflammatory therapy, which should be combined with disinfecting procedures. Additionally, multivitamin complexes and drugs that promote rapid cell regeneration are prescribed.

What can you do at home?

Simultaneously with the treatment, regular tongue cleansing is carried out at home. You can clean your tongue using regular toothbrush, but it is better to use products specially designed for this purpose.

Scraper for cleaning the tongue will effectively cope with plaque without damaging the surface of the tongue.

You can use the scraper on its own, or while brushing your teeth with toothpaste in your mouth. The latter option is preferable, because in addition to mechanical cleansing, the tongue surface is treated with a hygienic composition. The photo on the left shows how to clean your tongue with a tongue scraper.

To cleanse the mouth and prevent dental diseases, rinsing with vegetable oil. The oil effectively removes deposits on the tongue and teeth. True, the rinsing procedures are quite lengthy. You should put the oil in your mouth and hold it for at least 10 minutes. For the greatest effect, you can mix vegetable oil with table salt. After the procedure, the mouth must be rinsed with water.

For hygienic purposes, rinses with decoction of herbs. Decoctions of chamomile, sage, and oak bark demonstrated the greatest effectiveness. The latter, when used regularly, can stain tooth enamel, so you should not overuse rinses based on oak bark.

What to do if there are no additional means to cleanse the tongue? The procedure can be carried out cleaning with fingers. Using circular movements with your fingertips, the resulting mucus and plaque are removed. Massage movements stimulate blood circulation and have a beneficial effect on the mucous membrane. After each massage movement, fingers must be washed under running water.

Suitable for cleaning tongue paste homemade based on lemon juice and turmeric, taken in equal proportions. This composition cleanses the mucous membrane well and disinfects.

The condition of the patient's tongue has long been one of the markers for doctors to make a diagnosis. After all, even before the patient clearly shows symptoms of a certain disease, the tongue often “sends” a signal about disorders in the body. That is why patients often ask specialists about white tongue and what it means.

Even in ancient times, it was believed that a person could not be called healthy until his tongue acquired a healthy appearance. White plaque appears if the processes of keratinization of cells are disrupted filiform papillae . As a result, the amount of horny masses increases, they become thick and difficult to clean.

The tongue turns white due to for various reasons. In particular, this occurs due to gastrointestinal diseases, infections, and taking various medications. Plaque can also appear due to poor oral hygiene. But in order to identify disorders, it is important to know what a healthy person’s tongue should be like. If there are signs of disorders, it is important that a high-quality diagnosis is carried out and the correct treatment is prescribed.

What does the tongue look like in normal condition?

• The sizes are average, not enlarged.
• The surface color is pale pink.
• Moderate humidity, moderately pronounced papillae.
• Normal sensitivity, tongue functions normally.
• An acceptable option is a white-pink coating that is easy to clean.
• There is no unpleasant odor.

Changes to worry about

• The size changes, the organ swells, and tooth marks may be visible on it.
• The color of the back of the tongue changes to grayish, yellow, white or another, and the lateral surfaces turn red.
• There is dryness.
• The papillae on the tongue, especially on the root, enlarge; they look like small red spots.
• There is a constant burning sensation, as well as pain, the perception of taste is impaired, there is a feeling of irritation and hair in the mouth.
• There is a build-up - a heavy coating forms, which is very difficult to clean. Some time after removal, the person notices that the tongue is again covered with plaque.
• Not only does a white coating appear on the tongue, but the smell from your mouth becomes unpleasant.

Why is the tongue white, reasons

The causes of white plaque on the tongue, both in adults and in children, can be very different. But if the tongue is covered with a white coating, the reasons must be determined by a doctor through diagnostics.

The causes of white plaque on the tongue in adults and children may be as follows:

• Direct lesions of the tongue, acute and chronic: inflammatory processes, the influence of medications.
• A variety of diseases - infectious, fungal, oncological, ailments of internal organs, dysbacteriosis , hypovitaminosis and etc.
• Others: improper approach to hygiene, smoking, alcohol consumption, incorrectly selected hygiene products, consumption of white food.

Answering the question of why white coating on the tongue appears in people, it should be noted that this symptom may be associated with diseases of the digestive tract, and it is also a sign that in adults and children.

However, there may be other reasons why a white coating appears on the tongue of an adult and does not disappear. So, sometimes such taxation is observed in women during the period.

Gastrointestinal diseases

Candidiasis

Anti-inflammatory drugs are also prescribed Corsodil , vitamins, anti-allergy remedies, rosehip oil.

Symptomatic therapy for common ailments involves the elimination of factors that irritate the receptors or surface (spicy dishes, dentures, fillings with sharp edges, irritating on the right or left), as well as the correct approach to hygiene, antiseptic treatment, and the use of healing drugs.

Treatment in children

If parents notice that white “moss” appears on the baby’s tongue, lips, or face, then they need to consult a doctor. After all, it is possible to determine why white plaque appears on a baby’s lips and does not peel off only after an examination.

Like a coated tongue, plaque on the lips of a child and on the lips of an adult can be evidence of candidiasis and other diseases that need to be treated.

• It is important to try to remove plaque from your baby yourself. To do this, wrap the finger in sterile, clean gauze and carefully clean the covered surface.
• Similarly, experts advise treating the tongue if the baby develops infectious and inflammatory diseases.
• If the doctor diagnoses the child candidiasis V mild form, then you can use a soda solution for treatment.
• A remedy is used to relieve pain in the mucous membrane.
• For the purpose of antiseptic treatment, a solution is used.
• Antifungal ointments are also used - Decamine , Nystatin ointment .
• Aloe liniment, rosehip and sea buckthorn oils can speed up the healing process.

Sometimes children have other symptoms. For example, a child may complain that there is a white pimple on the tongue that hurts. Sometimes newborns develop plaque in other places, even on the heels. What to treat depends on the cause of the problem.

More often white pimples – this is a consequence of stomatitis or candidiasis. But if the white pimples on the tongue hurt, how to treat them should still be determined by a specialist, since the treatment regimens for stomatitis and candidiasis are different.