Lesson 9. E.V. Bazarov in the face of death

The purpose of the lesson: lead students to answer the question: why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the main character?

During the classes

I. Introductory talk

We analyzed Bazarov's relationship with all the main characters: the Kirsanovs, Odintsova, his parents and partly with the people. Each time, Bazarov’s objective superiority over the other heroes was revealed. It would seem that the theme of the novel has been exhausted. However, from chapter 22, plot and compositionally, the second cycle of the hero’s wanderings begins to repeat: Bazarov first ends up with the Kirsanovs, then with Odintsova, and again with his parents.

(Bazarov makes the second circle changed: life forced him to accept his romance. This new Bazarov, who has known doubts, painfully trying to preserve his theory. Bazarov is faced with the need to know himself and the world. It is important for Turgenev to show whether this will force Bazarov to change in his relationships with people, whether the people and the situation have changed.)

Has anything changed in Maryino, have the Kirsanovs come to their senses after their disputes with Bazarov? (Chapter 22-23).

(The same disorder reigns on the Kirsanov estate. Pavel Petrovich’s hostility towards Bazarov has not diminished. Bazarov returns to the Kirsanovs because it is more convenient for him to work there. But even without ideological disputes, their stay together is impossible. Pavel Petrovich comes to a knightly resolution of the conflict - to a duel .)

Did the duel resolve the dispute in favor of Pavel Petrovich? How do we see him after the duel? (Ch. 24)

(Pavel Petrovich is not only wounded, but also morally killed in this duel. Pavel Petrovich is shown comically, the emptiness of elegant noble chivalry is emphasized. After the duel, Bazarov faces not an arrogant aristocrat, not an idiot uncle, but an elderly man suffering physically and morally).

How and why does Bazarov and Arkady break up? What has changed in their relationship? (Ch. 21, 22, 25)

(Bazarov and Arkady are in Maryino for the second time, a split begins when Bazarov is nervous, irritated by his relationship with Odintsova. Arkady is overcome by the desire to test his strength alone, without patronage. That is why Arkady goes to Nikolskoye: “before he would have only shrugged his shoulders if someone told him that he might get bored under the same roof with Bazarov..." Previously, Arkady valued his friendship with Bazarov, made sure that he was well received in Maryino, extolled Bazarov's knowledge and simplicity. Youth always chooses its idols. Arkady It's flattering to be a friend of such a person. He repeats his statements with pleasure. Moreover, Arkady does not agree with his friend on everything. He is embarrassed to talk about the beauty of nature in front of Bazarov. He does not feel equal in friendship, he only submits to Bazarov's influence, imitates him in behavior, and in ideas. Therefore, his return to the “bosom of his fathers” is not surprising. As soon as he met Katya, the feeling of love replaced all traces of nihilism in him. No wonder Katya calls him tame.”)

Why is Bazarov sure that they are saying goodbye forever? (Ch. 25)

(Even earlier, Bazarov felt the difference in his views with Arkady. The scene under the haystack ends in a quarrel. Even then he told him that he “ gentle soul" Seeing Arkady upon his arrival in Nikolskoye, Bazarov immediately understood everything. Read: “You’ve already broken up with me... liberal barich.” With these words, Bazarov summed up Arkady’s short-term passion for nihilism. It is not easy for Bazarov to lose Arkady, which is why he bitterly pronounces his farewell words: “I expected a completely different direction from you.” This is how relations with Arkady and the Kirsanovs in general end, since if the tame Arkady leaves Bazarov, then he can’t have any rapprochement with the others.)

Exercise.

Why did Turgenev oppose these representatives of the nobility to Bazarov? This best representatives nobility, compare them with provincial society: “if cream is bad, what about milk?”

II. Analysis of Bazarov's death scene

Let's turn to the last pages of the novel. What feeling do they evoke? last pages novel?

(A feeling of pity that such a person is dying. A.P. Chekhov wrote: “My God! What a luxury “Fathers and Sons”! Just shout the guard. Bazarov’s illness was so severe that I weakened, and there was a feeling like as if I got infected from him. And the end of Bazarov? It’s the devil knows how it was done (Read excerpts from Chapter 27).

What do you think Pisarev meant when he wrote: “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as performing a great feat”?

(At this moment, Bazarov’s willpower and courage were revealed. Feeling the inevitability of the end, he did not chicken out, did not try to deceive himself, and most importantly, remained true to himself and his convictions. Bazarov’s death is heroic, but it attracts not only Bazarov’s heroism, but also the humanity of his behavior ).

Why does Bazarov become closer to us before his death?

(Romanticism was clearly revealed in him, he finally uttered the words that he had previously been afraid of: “I love you! Goodbye... because I didn’t kiss you then... Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out...” Bazarov becomes more humane .)

Why does Turgenev end the novel with the death scene of the hero, despite his superiority over other heroes?

(Bazarov dies from an accidental cut of his finger, but his death, from the author’s point of view, is natural. Turgenev will define the figure of Bazarov as tragic and “doomed to death.” That’s why he “dead” the hero. Two reasons: loneliness and internal conflict hero.

The author shows how Bazarov remains lonely. The Kirsanovs are the first to fall away, then Odintsova, then the parents, Fenechka, Arkady, and the last cut off of Bazarov - from the people. The new people look lonely compared to the vast majority of the rest of society. Bazarov is a representative of the early revolutionary commoner, he is one of the first in this matter, and it is always difficult to be the first. They are alone in the small estate and urban nobility.

But Bazarov dies, but like-minded people remain who will continue the common cause. Turgenev did not show Bazarov’s like-minded people and thereby deprived his business of prospects. Bazarov does not have a positive program, he only denies, since Bazarov cannot answer the question: “What next?” What to do after it's destroyed? This is the futility of the novel. This main reason Bazarov's death in the novel is the main reason that the author was unable to outline the future.

The second reason is the hero's internal conflict. Turgenev believes that Bazarov died because he became a romantic, since he did not believe in the possibility of a harmonious combination of romance and the strength of the civic spirit in new people. That is why Turgenev’s Bazarov wins as a fighter, while there is no romance in him, no sublime feeling for nature, female beauty.)

(Turgenev loved Bazarov very much and repeated many times that Bazarov was “clever” and a “hero.” Turgenev wanted the reader to fall in love with Bazarov (but not Bazarovism) with all his rudeness, heartlessness, and ruthless dryness.)

III. Teacher's word

Literary critics More than once the lack of solid ground under one's feet was cited as the main cause of Bazarov's death. In confirmation of this, his conversation with a man was cited, in which Bazarov turns out to be “something like a clown.” However, what Turgenev sees as the doom of his hero does not come down to Bazarov’s inability to find mutual language with a man. Can Bazarov’s tragic dying phrase: “...Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t need you...” - can be explained by the above-mentioned reason? And most importantly, “the hero’s story is included in the writer’s common theme of the death of a person in the crucible of natural forces beyond his control,” “natural forces - passion and death.”

Turgenev did not put up with the metaphysical insignificance of man. It was his unabated pain, growing out of the awareness of the tragedy of human fate. But he is looking for support for a person and finds it in “the dignity of the consciousness of his insignificance.” That is why his Bazarov is convinced that in the face of blind force that destroys everything, it is important to remain strong, as he was in life.

It is painful for the dying Bazarov to recognize himself as a “half-crushed worm”, to present himself as an “ugly spectacle.” However, the fact that he was able to achieve a lot on his path, managed to touch the absolute values ​​of human existence, gives him the strength to look death in the eyes with dignity, to live with dignity until the moment of unconsciousness.

The poet is talking to Anna Sergeevna, who, completing his earthly path, found for himself the most accurate image - the “dying lamp”, whose light symbolized Bazarov’s life. Always despising beautiful phrase, now he can afford it: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out...”

On the threshold of death, Turgenev’s hero, as it were, draws a line under his disputes with Pavel Petrovich about whether such, as Kirsanov ironically noted, “saviors, heroes” of Russia are needed. “Russia needs me?” - Bazarov, one of the “deliverers”, asks himself, and does not hesitate to answer: “No, apparently not needed.” Perhaps he was aware of this while still arguing with Pavel Kirsanov?

Thus, death gave Bazarov the right to be what perhaps he always was - doubting, not afraid to be weak, sublime, able to love... Bazarov’s uniqueness lies in the fact that through the entire novel he will pass through in many ways not such a person and thereby dooming himself to the only possible, fatal, tragic - Bazarov's - fate.

However, Turgenev completed his novel with an enlightened picture of a quiet rural cemetery, where Bazarov’s “passionate, sinful, rebellious heart” rested and where “two already decrepit old men - a husband and wife” - often come from a nearby village - Bazarov’s parents.

IV. Preparing to write an essay. Choosing a theme

Sample Topics for writing a home essay based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”:

E. Bazarov and P. P. Kirsanov;

- “The Damned Barchuks” (N.P., P.P., Arkady, Kirsanovs, Odintsova);

- “Rebellious Heart” (image of E. Bazarov);

Why does Russia need the Bazarovs?

Bazarov and the Russian people;

- “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as having accomplished a great feat” (Pisarev);

The meaning of the title of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”;

The problem of “fathers” and “children” in Turgenev’s depiction;

Is the problem of “fathers” and “sons” obsolete today?

What does Turgenev criticize about the “fathers” and in what ways does he differ from the “children”?

What makes Bazarov a hero of his time?

Homework

1. Write an essay on one of the proposed topics.

2. Prepare for a knowledge test on the works of I. S. Turgenev.

Additional material for the teacher

Image central character The novel "Fathers and Sons" is unique. In a letter to A. Fet, Turgenev made an important confession: “Did I want to scold Bazarov or extol him? I don’t know this myself, for I don’t know whether I love him or hate him.” And no matter how much the author asserts his sympathy for his hero: “Bazarov is my favorite child,” no matter how much he sympathizes with him, one cannot help but see how alien the “Bazarov type” itself is to Turgenev.

“...the main figure, Bazarov, was based on one personality of a young provincial doctor that struck me...” Turgenev wrote in the article “About “Fathers and Sons.” - In that wonderful person a barely born, still fermenting principle was embodied, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression made on me by this person was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear...”

The writer, having begun work on the novel, even began to write a diary on behalf of Bazarov in order to delve into the essence of the hero and understand him.

Bazarov is “the hero of a time when the social forces of death and rebirth, old and new” oppose each other and act simultaneously. Such eras give rise to unpredictable personalities built on internal conflict. Therefore, it is impossible to unambiguously determine Turgenev’s attitude towards his “favorite brainchild,” the hero of the novel “Fathers and Sons” Evgeniy Bazarov.

The author not only does not share Bazarov’s nihilistic beliefs, but throughout the course of the novel he consistently debunks them. And at the same time, the writer experiences great interest in his hero, who reflected the era in all its contradictions. No matter how nice Nikolai Petrovich was to Turgenev, you cannot explore the era in his personality. Arkady is even less interesting to him - a weak copy of his father. First of all, he becomes a hero of the time. strong, socially active personality. And such personalities cannot but interest literature. Bazarov's personality itself attracts the author. And indeed, Turgenev, trying to love and understand Bazarov, creates an image that is flawed, but very interesting as a human being, arousing curiosity at first, and by the end of the novel - compassion. Bazarov will not leave anyone indifferent for a second. It evokes hatred or love, but there is nothing about it that breeds boredom.

The moment of social reconstruction necessarily involves the actions of destructive people. But what is the actual interaction of such heroes with the era? What does their nihilism bring to society and what does it give to the nihilists themselves? Turgenev sought to find an answer to these questions.

What turns Turgenev away from nihilism? Why did the author not act for a second as an ideological supporter of Bazarov? From his point of view, nihilism is doomed, because it has no final positive goal. Here it is, Turgenev's first accusation. The author does not cling to the dilapidated “principles” that have become Pavel Petrovich’s armor. He is looking for something new in the coming times. But what new does Bazarov bring? His ideas are, in essence, as old as the world: destruction, destruction. What's new and unprecedented about this? The Romans were already destroying culture Ancient Hellas; Peter I had already destroyed patriarchal Rus'... And then, on the scorched ashes, the seeds of the former culture sprouted for a long time, heavily. But how much was lost! True humanism consists in the rejection of such reckless contrition for the sake of unclear utopias of a bright future. Therefore, Turgenev could not sympathize with the ideas of Russian nihilism.

Nihilism is based on the philosophy of vulgar materialism. Everything is sacrificed for immediate practical benefit. In the words of Mayakovsky, they are only interested in what is “weighty, rough, visible.” From this point of view, Pushkin is nonsense, Raphael is “worth a penny,” any decent scientist is better than a poet. For nihilists, love turns out to be only the physiological attraction of males and females, nature is a workshop, and all people are the same, like trees in the forest. Bazarov mocks speeches about the “mysterious gaze” of Pavel Petrovich’s beloved and recommends Arkady to study “the anatomy of the eye: where does it come from, what do you say, with a mysterious look?” Therefore, the proverb lies when it claims that the eyes are the mirror of the soul. Where is the mirror at the intersection of the optic nerves? Yes, and there is no soul. But there is only what you can pick up and put to work. How simple and understandable the world is becoming! Nature turns out to be just a workshop, meaningless and dead without a human master. But then this “worker” came. What will he do to nature? Pursuing the goals of immediate profit, such a worker will turn back rivers, destroy the ozone layer, and destroy entire species of plants and animal populations. We, people of the late twentieth century, know about these results of the activities of vulgar materialists. Turgenev did not know about them. With the brilliant insight of an artist, he saw in Bazarov’s beliefs the germ of future tragedies.”

Turgenev - great psychologist. His Bazarov, although cynical and shameless in words, is a moral man at heart. He preaches the following theory to Arkady: “If you like a woman... try to achieve some sense; but you can’t - well, don’t, turn away - the earth is not a wedge.” But he will not be able to translate these views into reality; According to Bazarov’s theory, Arkady, who was indignant with her, will do this: having understood; that Odintsova is not interested in him, he will insensitively “switch” to the more accessible Katya.

Without realizing it, Bazarov lives according to fairly high moral principles. But these principles and nihilism are incompatible; something will have to be given up.

Turgenev tries in the novel to show the inconsistency of nihilistic philosophy, since, while denying spiritual life, it also denies moral principles. Love, nature, art are not just lofty words. These are the fundamental concepts underlying human morality. Blind admiration of authority is stupid, but blind denial of authority is no smarter. Life is too short for every person to start building the world “from scratch”, rejecting everything that was discovered and created by their ancestors.

You don’t have to love Pushkin and Raphael: there is no crime in the fact that their work is alien to you. But to deny them in general on the grounds that you don’t know them or understand them is a sign of little intelligence. Therefore, Pavel Petrovich was not so far from the truth when he reproached Bazarov: “Before, young people had to study; They didn’t want to be branded as ignorant, so they toiled unwillingly. And now they should say: everything in the world is nonsense! - and the trick is in the bag. The young people were delighted. And in fact, before they would have been just idiots, but now they have suddenly become nihilists.” This is a portrait of the “disciples and followers” ​​of Bazarov, Kukshina and Sitnikov. The images of these heroes become an indirect means of exposing nihilism. A philosophy that has such stupid and ignoble followers as Kukshina and Sitnikov, thinking man cannot but raise doubts: apparently, there is something in nihilism that is attractive specifically for them - simplicity, accessibility, optionality of intelligence, education, honor, immorality.

This is how the author consistently debunks the beliefs of the main character; beliefs that Turgenev himself did not accept. “I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to death, because it still stands on the threshold of the future,” Turgenev wrote about Bazarov, asserting that Bazarov is a “tragic face.” What is the tragedy of this hero? From the author’s point of view, first of all, the Bazarovs’ time has not come.

Turgenev's Bazarov himself feels this: dying, he utters bitter words: “Russia needs me... No, apparently, I don’t.”

With particular force, Bazarov as a “tragic face” is revealed in the chapter depicting his death. In the face of death, Bazarov's best qualities appear: tenderness for his parents, hidden under external severity, poetic love for Odintsova; thirst for life, work, achievement, social cause; willpower, courage in the face of the threat of inevitable death. We hear words so unusual for Bazarov, full of poetry: “Blow on the dying lamp and let it go out...” We hear and full of love and words of pity about his parents: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” We hear his frank confessions: “And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die, no matter what!” I have a task, because I’m a giant!”

The pages depicting Bazarov’s illness and death perhaps most clearly express the author’s attitude towards his hero: admiration for his courage, mental fortitude, sorrowful feelings caused by the death of such an original, strong man.

Bazarov's death makes his image truly tragic. The tragedy increases in the epilogue, from which we learn that Bazarov died without leaving followers. Arkady became a landowner; with two or three chemists who do not know how to distinguish oxygen from nitrogen, but are filled with denial. Sitnikov hangs around in St. Petersburg and, according to his assurances, continues the “work” of Bazarov.

Turgenev did not believe that people of Bazarov’s type would find a way to renew Russia. But he accepted their moral strength and great social significance.

“...If the reader does not love Bazarov with all his rudeness, heartlessness, ruthless dryness and harshness,” Turgenev wrote, “if he does not love him, I repeat, “I am guilty and have not achieved my goal.”

The novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev ends with the death of the main character. Understanding the reasons why the author completes his work in this way is possible through an analysis of the episode “Bazarov’s death.” “Fathers and Sons” is a novel in which the death of the main character is certainly not accidental. Perhaps such an ending speaks to the inconsistency of this character’s beliefs. So, let's try to figure it out.

Who is Bazarov?

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death is impossible without understanding what this character is like. Thanks to what is told about Eugene in the novel, we imagine a smart, self-confident, cynical young man who denies generally accepted moral principles and ideals. He considers love to be “physiology”; in his opinion, a person should not depend on anyone.

Subsequently, however, Turgenev reveals to us in his hero such qualities as sensitivity, kindness, and the ability for deep feelings.

Bazarov is a nihilist, that is, a person who denies all generally accepted values, including that he does not share the enthusiasm of amateurs. In his opinion, only that which brings practical benefit is significant. He considers everything beautiful to be meaningless. Evgeniy’s main meaning is “work for the benefit of society.” His task is “to live for the great purpose of renewing the world.”

Attitude towards others

An analysis of the episode of Bazarov’s death in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” cannot be carried out without understanding how the main character’s relationships with the people who made up his social circle were built. It should be noted that Bazarov treated others with contempt; he put others lower than himself. This was manifested, for example, in the things he told Arkady about himself and his relatives. Affection, sympathy, tenderness - Evgeniy considers all these feelings unacceptable.

Lyubov Bazarova

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death requires mentioning that for all his disdain for sublime feelings, he, ironically, falls in love. His love is unusually deep, as evidenced by his explanation with Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. Realizing that he is capable of such a feeling, Bazarov ceases to treat it as physiology. He begins to consider the existence of love possible. Such a change of views could not pass without a trace for Eugene, who lived by the ideas of nihilism. His old life is destroyed.

Bazarov's declaration of love is not just words, it is an admission of his own defeat. Eugene's nihilistic theories are shattered.

Turgenev considers it inappropriate to end the novel with a change in the views of the main character, but decides to end the work with his death.

Is Bazarov's death an accident?

So, in the finale of the novel, the main event is the death of Bazarov. Analysis of the episode requires remembering the reason why, according to the text of the work, the main character dies.

His life becomes impossible due to an unfortunate accident - a small cut that Bazarov received during the autopsy of the body of a peasant who died of typhus. Ironically, he, a doctor doing a useful job, cannot do anything to save his life. Knowing that he would die gave the protagonist time to evaluate his achievements. Bazarov, knowing about the inevitability of his death, is calm and strong, although, of course, being a young and energetic man, he regrets that he has so little time left to live.

Bazarov's attitude towards death and himself

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death is impossible without a deeper understanding of how the hero relates to the proximity of his end and death in general.

No person can calmly realize that the end of his life is approaching. Evgeniy, being a person who is certainly strong and self-confident, is no exception. He regrets that he did not complete his main task. He understands the power of death and speaks of the approaching last minutes with bitter irony: “Yes, go ahead, try to deny death. It denies you, and that’s it!”

So, Bazarov’s death is approaching. Analysis of the episode, which is one of the key ones in the novel, requires an understanding of how the character of the main character has changed. Evgeniy becomes kinder and more sentimental. He wants to meet his beloved, once again tell about his feelings. Bazarov treats his parents more gently than before, now understanding their importance.

Analysis of the episode of Bazarov's death shows how lonely the main character of the work is. He doesn't have loved one, to whom he could convey his beliefs, therefore, there is no future for his views.

Understanding True Values

In the face of death they change. There comes an understanding of what is really important in life.

Analysis of the episode “Bazarov’s death” based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev requires an understanding of what values ​​the main character now considers true.

The most important thing for him now is his parents, their love for him, as well as his feelings for Odintsova. He wants to say goodbye to her, and Anna, not afraid of becoming infected, comes to Evgeniy. Bazarov shares with her innermost thoughts. He comes to the understanding that Russia does not need him at all, she needs those who do ordinary work every day.

It is harder for Bazarov to come to terms with his death than for any other person, because he is an atheist and does not believe in life after death.

Turgenev ends his novel with the death of Bazarov. The principles by which the hero lived are destroyed. Bazarov did not have stronger, new ideals. Turgenev notes that the main character was ruined by his deep commitment to nihilism, which forced him to abandon the universal values ​​that allow him to live in this world.

In the 60s of the 19th century, Russia was embraced by a new movement of “nihilists” and I.S. Turgenev studies its foundations and its directions with interest. He creates a wonderful novel “Fathers and Sons”, the main character of which is an ardent representative of the nihilists.

appears before the readers. Throughout the novel, the author tries to reveal his character traits, behavior, habits and life principles.

Evgeniy was a hardworking man who studied natural sciences and devoted all his time to research. The hero is of the opinion that society only needs useful sciences, such as physics, mathematics or chemistry. They can bring much more benefits than ordinary poetry and poems.

Bazarov is blind to the surrounding beauties of nature, he does not perceive art, and does not believe in religion. According to the principles of nihilists, he is trying to destroy everything that his ancestors left and passed on. In his opinion, space needs to be cleared in order to create something new. But creation is no longer his concern.

Main character extremely smart and witty. He is independent and self-reliant. However, such life position quite dangerous, because it fundamentally contradicts the normal laws of human existence.

Profound changes occur in the hero's soul after he falls in love with Anna Odintsova. Now Evgeniy understands what feelings are, what romance is. And most importantly, the emotions that arise are absolutely not subject to the mind, they are difficult to control. Everything that Evgeniy lived by before is destroyed. All life theories of nihilists are dispelled. Bazarov does not know how to live further.

To put things in order, the hero leaves for his parents' house. And there a misfortune happens to him. During the autopsy of a typhoid patient, Evgeniy becomes infected with the virus. Now, he will die! But the desire to live in him flared up more and more. He understood that neither chemistry nor medicine would save him from death. And at such a moment, Bazarov thinks about the existence of a real God, who could miraculously correct the whole situation.

He asks his parents to pray for him. It is now, just before his death, that Evgeniy understands the value of life. He looks differently at his parents, who loved their son madly. He rethinks his love for Anna. He calls Odintsova to his place as a farewell, and the woman fulfills Evgeniy’s request. It is in moments of communication with his beloved that Bazarov reveals the true essence of his soul. Only now he understands that he lived his life completely meaninglessly, that he left nothing behind.

Turgenev's hero was endowed with intelligence, strength, and hard work. He was a good man, who fell under the influence of nihilism. And what happened in the end? It was nihilism that killed all human impulses in his soul, destroyed all the bright dreams that a person can strive for.

Evgeny Bazarov chose to defend the ideas of nihilism. The main character of the novel is I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" is the young nihilist Evgeny Bazarov. As we read, we learn the ideas of this movement.

Our hero followed in the footsteps of his father, a county doctor. But living in the mid-nineteenth century, he was a supporter, like all young people, of the ideas of nihilism. He adheres to the belief that a person needs to know only sciences that bring sense. For example, exact sciences: mathematics, chemistry. He defends his point of view that a decent mathematician or chemist is more useful than some poet! And poetry is the entertainment and fantasy of rich slackers. It clearly demonstrates the denial of love for living objects of nature. And he is increasingly moving away from his family and good friends.

He believes that there are physiological processes that drive the behavior of all people. Ideas flourish in his thoughts that

He is persistent in his work, works constantly, and gives his all to his patients. While performing his work duties, he experiences a feeling of joy. Among the people who encountered him in the hospital, he enjoyed authority and respect. The sick children around him liked him.

And then comes the tragic moment - the death of Bazarov. There is a huge meaning behind this event. The cause of death is blood infection. And so, staying in all alone, he begins to feel anxious. He is tormented by internal conflicting feelings towards negative ideas. And he began to understand the importance of parental support and participation. That they are getting old and need their son’s help and love.

He boldly looked death in the face. He showed strong self-confidence. He felt both fear and lack of human attention. Scientific discoveries and his knowledge of medicine did not help him. Natural viruses and their incurable progression took over his life.

A good person who helps people took on the disease. He is tormented by doubts that he has not accomplished everything on earth. IN this work he heroically fights for life. An excellent doctor and a kind person.

I like this character. Before his death, he reconsiders his attitude towards nature, family, and his loved one. He understands that he is still not married. Odintsova comes to him, and he confesses his love to her. He asks for forgiveness from his parents and begins to think about God. He doesn’t want to die, he believes that he could still serve Russia. But, alas, his ideal is that medicine is powerless.

Essay Death of Bazarov episode analysis

The main character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” is the young and educated Evgeny Bazarov. The guy considers himself a nihilist, he denies the existence of God and any human feelings. Bazarov studied natural sciences, he believed that people should devote more time to such sciences as physics, chemistry and mathematics, and in poets he saw only lazy and uninteresting people.

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov was born into a family where his father worked all his life as a district doctor. Bazarov believes that man has unlimited power, so he believed that he had the power to reject all previous experience of humanity and live according to his own understanding. Bazarov considered the main purpose of nihilists to be to destroy all the misconceptions of their ancestors. Without any doubt, it is clear that Bazarov is quite smart and has enormous potential; according to the author himself, the hero’s beliefs are incorrect and even dangerous, they contradict the laws of life.

Over time, Bazarov begins to become convinced that for a long time he was mistaken in his beliefs. The first blow for him was the sudden outbreak of feelings for the young and beautiful Anna Sergeevna; at first the guy simply admired the beauty of the girl, and then he caught himself thinking that he had some feelings for her. The hero was afraid of the inexplicable, he did not understand what was happening to him, because a convinced nihilist rejected the existence of love. Love made him rethink his faith, he was disappointed in himself, he realized that he was a simple person who could be controlled by feelings. This discovery crippled Bazarov, he did not know how to continue to live, the guy goes home to try to forget the girl.

IN parental home, a fateful event happens to him. Bazarov performed an autopsy on a patient who died from a terrible disease called typhus; he later became infected himself. Lying in bed, Bazarov realized that he had only a few days left. Before his death, the guy completely convinces himself that, after all, he was wrong in everything, that it is love that brings great meaning to a person’s life. He understands that in his entire life he has not done anything useful for Russia, and an ordinary hard worker, a butcher, a shoemaker or a baker has brought more benefit to the country. Evgeniy asks Anna to come to say goodbye. Despite the dangerous illness, the girl immediately goes to her beloved.

Bazarov is an intelligent, strong and gifted person who strived to live and work for the good of the country. However, with his wrong beliefs, belief in nihilism, he renounced all the main values ​​of humanity, thereby destroying himself.

Option 3

"Fathers and Sons" is a novel that was published in 1861. It was pretty bad easy time For Russia. Changes were taking place in the country, and the people were divided into two halves. There were Democrats on one side and liberals on the other. But, regardless of the ideas of each side, they understood that Russia requires change in any case.

This work by Turgenev has a sad ending, the main character dies. In this work, the author felt new traits in people, but he could not understand one thing: how these characters would act. The main character Bazarov meets death while still very young. at a young age. Bazarov is a straightforward person and always knows how to insert a certain amount of sarcasm into his speech. But when the hero felt that he was dying, he changed. He became kind, he became polite, he completely contradicted his beliefs.

It becomes noticeable that Bazarov is very sympathetic to the author of the work. This becomes especially clear when the time comes for Bazarov to die. During the death of the hero, his essence, his true character becomes visible. Bazarov is in love with Odintsova, but this does not affect him in any way before his death. He is still brave, selfless, the hero is not afraid of death. Bazarov knows that he will soon leave for another world and has no worries at all about the people who will remain. He doesn't worry about unfinished business or questions. Why does the author show the reader the death of the hero? The main thing for Turgenev was to show that Bazarov was an unconventional person.

The author's main idea is love and fearlessness before the moment of death. Turgenev also did not miss the theme of sons’ respect for their parents. The main thing is that Bazarov is on the verge of breaking down, but he is not defeated. It is interesting that even after his death, the main character has not changed some of his principles. He is dead and still cannot perceive religion, it is not acceptable to him.

The moment of Bazarov’s farewell to Odintsova is constructed very clearly and in contrast. The author emphasizes the living woman and the man who is dying. Turgenev emphasizes the poignancy of the scene. Anna is young, beautiful, bright, and Bazarov is like a half-crushed worm.

The ending of the work is truly tragic. After all, there is no other way to call it, a very young man is dying, and besides, he is in love. It’s sad, of course, that death cannot be deceived or avoided; nothing at all depends on the person himself. It’s quite heavy in your soul when you read the final scene of Turgenev’s work.

Essay on Bazarov in the face of death, grade 10

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev – classic Russian literature And a true master pen. In terms of beauty and picturesque descriptions, only Nabokov and Tolstoy can compare with him. Turgenev’s life’s work is the novel “Fathers and Sons,” the main character of which, Bazarov Evgeniy, is a reflection of a new, just emerging type of people in Russian Empire. The main character of the novel dies at the end of the work. Why? I will answer this question in my essay.

So, Bazarov is a nihilist (a person who does not recognize authorities and denies everything old and traditional). He studies at the university at the Faculty of Natural Sciences, studying the world around him. Bazarov denies everything: art, love, God, the aristocracy of the Kirsanov family and the foundations that have developed in society.

The storyline of the work pits Bazarov against Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - a man of truly liberal views, this was not done by chance: this is how Turgenev shows the political struggle of revolutionary democracy (represented by Bazarov) and the liberal camp (represented by the Kirsanov family).

Next, Bazarov meets Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, a girl who is very well-read and knowledgeable in matters not only of fashion, but also of science, and also with a strong character. This amazes Bazarov, he falls in love. And after she refuses him, he goes to his parents on the estate and dies there from blood poisoning. It would seem like an ordinary story, but it is still classic Russian literature, and Bazarov’s death is quite understandable. Bazarov, a man who denied everything, including love, finds himself in a position where he himself loves another person: he is tormented by contradictions, he begins to see reality as it really is.

It was the destruction of Bazarov’s main principle - the denial of love - that killed Bazarov. A person who literally breathed nihilism can no longer live in his illusion, having encountered such a strong feeling. Turgenev needs the destruction of Bazarov’s principles and his sudden death in order to show Bazarov’s uselessness in this society.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the destruction of Bazarov’s principles on the part of Turgenev can be perceived in two ways: on the one hand, this is a reflection of reality as Turgenev saw it, on the other hand, this is Turgenev’s political nature, because Turgenev himself was a liberal and drawing the line that a liberal Arkady lives happily, and the democratic revolutionary Bazarov died, this suggests that Turgenev expressed his political position through opposition, calling himself right. For what purpose was it necessary to kill Bazarov, only history knows the answer to this question...

Stepan Bogdanovich Likhodeev is one of the many minor characters M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”, who was among the “victims” of Satan’s unexpected visit to Moscow.

Episode analysis work plan literary work. 1. Establish the boundaries of the episode 2. Determine the main content of the episode and which characters participate in it. 3.Trace the changes in moods, feelings of the characters, the motivation of their actions. 4.Consider compositional features episode, its plot. 5.Trace the logic of the development of the author’s thought. 6.Mark artistic media, which create its emotional atmosphere in this episode. 7. Show the role of the episode in the work, how it is linked with other episodes, its role in revealing the author’s intention 8. How the general ideological plan of the entire work is reflected in this episode.

What to remember!!! 1. The main danger is replacing analysis with retelling 2. Analysis of an episode is an essay-reasoning that requires special attention to the text of the work. 3. Analysis of an episode involves attention to details, understanding their role, and significance for the image as a whole. 4. At the end of the analysis there must be a synthesis, i.e. generalized conclusion from the above.

Ideological plan novel “Fathers and Sons” In April 1862, Turgenev wrote to the poet K.K. Sluchevsky: “I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - and yet doomed to destruction.” And indeed, the writer carried out this plan - at the end of the novel he endowed Bazarov with gloomy pessimism, skeptical attitudes towards men, and even forced him to say the phrase: “Russia needs me... No, apparently not.” At the end of the novel, Turgenev contrasts Bazarov’s “sinful, rebellious heart” with “great calm” of “indifferent nature,” “eternal reconciliation and endless life.”

We are writing an essay... Establish the boundaries of the episode The episode of the death of Yevgeny Bazarov is included in the penultimate chapter of the novel. He is important for revealing the image of the main character, since a completely different Bazarov appears before us, humane, weak, sublime, loving. The scene of Bazarov's death is the ending of the novel. Bazarov gradually remains lonely (the Kirsanovs are the first to fall away, then Odintsova, Fenechka, Arkady. Bazarov goes to the village to his parents to be closer to the people. But the scene of the conversation with the man separates him from the people (he realizes that for the peasant he is like a clown )

Determine the main content of the episode and which characters participate in it. Bazarov, while in the village with his parents, begins to help his father in his medical practice, he examines the sick, makes bandages for them. One day, Evgeniy was not at home for three days; he went to a neighboring village, from where a typhoid man was being brought, for an autopsy, explaining his absence by the fact that he had not practiced this for a long time. During the autopsy, Bazarov cut himself. On the same day, Bazarov becomes ill, both (and father and son) understand that it is typhus, that Eugene’s days are numbered. Bazarov asks his father to go to Odintsova and invite her to him. Odintsova arrives on the very eve of Evgeny’s death with a German doctor, who states Bazarov’s imminent death. Bazarov confesses his love for Odintsova and dies.

Trace the changes in moods, feelings of the characters, the motivation of their actions. To die the way Bazarov died is the same as accomplishing a feat: at the moment of death, and even the expectation of death, willpower and courage were manifested in him. Feeling the inevitability of the end, he did not chicken out, did not try to deceive himself, and most importantly, remained true to himself and his convictions. He becomes closer to everyone before his death. The mood of Evgeniy’s parents, of course, changes: at first the father was frightened when he learned about his son’s cut, but then he was overcome by a feeling of fear, making sure that Evgeniy was definitely sick with typhus, “... and fell to his knees in front of the images.” Turgenev, depicting the behavior of all participants in the episode, is trying to prove to us that man is a creature that is afraid of dying and losing his life at any moment. But at the same time, he contrasts the behavior of the main character: we understand that Bazarov is ready for death, he is not afraid of it, he accepts it as something inevitable, due, only a little regretting “And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die, where ! There is a task, because I am a giant! And now the giant’s whole task is to die decently.”

Consider the compositional features of the episode and the plot. Bazarov’s illness is made so strong that sometimes it seems that you yourself can become infected from him. And the end of Bazarov’s life? This is so skillfully done... You are overcome with a feeling of pity, internal contradiction: but why did he die, why did nothing work out for Bazarov, because in essence he positive hero capable of much in life? All this is possible thanks to the skillful construction (composition) of the episode.

Episode composition: Exposition: bringing in a patient with typhus, unconscious, quick death in a cart on the way home. The plot: Evgeniy was not at home for three days, he was opening up a man who had died of typhus. Development of the action: the father learns that Evgeny cut his finger, Bazarov becomes ill, crisis, short-term improvement in his condition, the arrival of a doctor, typhus, Odintsova’s arrival Climax: farewell meeting with Odintsova, Bazarov’s death Denouement: Bazarov’s funeral service, parents’ lamentation.

Trace the logic of the development of the author's thought. Bazarov dies from an accidental cut of his finger, but his death, from the author’s point of view, is natural. Turgenev defines the figure of Bazarov as tragic and “doomed to death.” That's why he "dead" the hero. Two reasons: loneliness and the hero’s internal conflict. The author shows how Bazarov becomes lonely. New people, like Bazarov, look lonely in comparison with the bulk of a huge society. Bazarov is a representative of the early revolutionary commoner, he is one of the first in this matter, and it is always difficult to be the first. Bazarov has no positive program: he only denies everything. "What's next?". This is the main reason for Bazarov's death in the novel. The author failed to outline the future. The second reason is the hero’s internal conflict. Turgenev believes that Bazarov died because he became a romantic. Turgenev's bazaar wins as long as he is a fighter, as long as he has no romance, no sublime feeling for nature, female beauty.

Note the artistic means that create its emotional atmosphere in this episode. To clearly reflect the main character’s train of thought, Turgenev uses connecting constructions in the text: “...even if it’s something like...infection,” “well, what can I tell you...I loved you!” The use of a question-and-answer form in Bazarov’s speech (“Who’s crying? Mother! Poor thing!”) is one of the ways to show the hero’s thoughts about the meaning of life, death, and human destiny. I would especially like to note Turgenev’s metaphors; the author preferred simple verbal metaphors that naturally arise from direct observations of life (“I won’t wag my tail,” “the worm is half-crushed and still bristling”). They give Bazarov’s speech a certain ease, simplicity, help to win over the hero, to believe that he is not afraid of the approach of death, it is she (death) who should be afraid of him.

Conclusion Thus, death gave Bazarov the right to be what perhaps he always was - doubting, not afraid to be weak, sublime, able to love... Bazarov’s uniqueness lies in the fact that through the entire novel he will pass through in many ways not such a person and that will doom himself to not the only possible, fatal, tragic - Bazarov's - fate. However, Turgenev concluded his novel with an enlightened picture of a quiet rural cemetery, where Bazarov’s “passionate, sinful, rebellious heart” rested and where “two already decrepit old men - a husband and wife - Bazarov’s parents - often come from a nearby village.”

Fine and expressive means of language Anaphora - places emphasis. Epiphora - places emphasis. Antithesis - opposition. Oxymoron - based on unique, unexpected semantic associations; shows the complexity of the phenomenon, its multidimensionality, attracts the reader’s attention, enhances the expressiveness of the image. Gradation - specifies the concept in the direction of increasing or decreasing Ellipsis - shows the emotional state of the speaker (excitement), speeds up the pace. Silence makes you think about what the author is not saying. Rhetorical appeal - emphasizes the emotionality of the author’s speech, directed to the subject artistic image. A rhetorical question- emphasizes the emotionality of the author’s speech (the question does not require an answer) Polyunion - gives the speech solemnity, slows down the pace. Non-union - makes speech more dynamic, excited. Lexical repetition - highlights the most significant keyword of the text.