The period of action of A.S. Pushkin's novel "Dubrovsky" refers to early XIX century. In order to understand why Dubrovsky became a robber, you need to get to know some of the characters novel.

Dubrovsky and Troekurov

Two noblemen, two neighbors and two friends - these were Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and Kirila Petrovich Troekurov. The latter, however, was distinguished by a bad and despotic character, which is why he, except for Andrei Gavrilovich, had no friends at all. Some were simply afraid of him, others despised him. As for Troekurov’s relationship with Dubrovsky Sr., these people highly valued and respected each other. The only difference between them was that Troekurov was a rather rich man (he also retired with the rank of general-in-chief), and Dubrovsky had only one village left out of all his property - the family estate, which had long been in need of various improvements. Out of friendship, Troekurov often offered Andrei Gavrilovich help, but he was a proud and independent man and always refused help. And then the moment came that largely predetermined the fate of Dubrovsky’s son, Vladimir. The friends quarreled so seriously that irreconcilable hostility broke out between them.

Argument

Old friends were united by one passion - hunting. They constantly hunted together and could not imagine this activity without each other. However, if Dubrovsky had only two hounds, then Troekurov kept a whole kennel, where there were many magnificent dogs. One day, friends went to see Troekurov’s kennel, accompanied by his people. Dubrovsky was amazed at how Troekurov’s people looked after the dogs, and in what cleanliness and care the animals lived. Andrei Gavrilovich expressed the idea that Troekurov’s people would live as well as his dogs. To this, Troekurov’s hound replied that his dogs live better than other nobles. Everyone present, except Andrei Gavrilovich, laughed at this joke. Proud Dubrovsky, deciding that this stone had been thrown into his garden, left and decided not to communicate with Troekurov anymore. When he invited Dubrovsky to return, Andrei Gavrilovich replied that first let Troekurov send him an insolent houndmaster so that Dubrovsky would punish him fairly and decide what to do with him next. Of course, this greatly hurt Troekurov, since he considered himself the undivided ruler of his subjects, and only it was in his power to pardon and punish his people.

Feud

Troekurov decided to declare an uncompromising war on Dubrovsky and set out to take away Andrei Gavrilovich’s family estate - Kistenevka. Thanks to influence and connections, Troekurov achieves his goal. Upon learning that his estate was taken away, Dubrovsky Sr. lost his health and strength. This is where we meet the main character of the novel - the son of the landowner Vladimir Andreevich Dubrovsky. The nanny, who was caring for the gentleman, wrote a letter to young Dubrovsky saying that Andrei Gavrilovich was very weak and that Vladimir should come to the estate immediately. Vladimir at this time served in the army in St. Petersburg after graduating from the Cadet Corps. He led a riotous life, caroused, because his father spoiled him and often sent him considerable sums, denying himself the latter. Nevertheless, upon learning of his father’s illness, Vladimir immediately gets ready and returns to his native estate. There he finds his father almost dying. After one of the meetings with Troyekurov, Dubrovsky Sr. cannot stand it and dies from a blow. Vladimir hated Troekurov and from then on began to consider him his sworn enemy.

To a free life

Why did Dubrovsky become a robber in the end? Troekurov got Kistenevka given to him, what could Dubrovsky Jr. do? Do not go into the service of a hated enemy and do not ask him for the mercy of returning his property, which the latter was probably waiting for. Therefore, Dubrovsky decides to burn his estate so that nothing from such an expensive estate falls into the clutches of Troekurov, and go into the forest with his faithful people. Vladimir became merciless, but at the same time noble robber and plundered the estates of exclusively wealthy nobles. It is clear why Dubrovsky became a robber. Having found no support from the law, what else could he do? But what’s interesting is that he considered revenge above his dignity, so he did not touch Troekurov’s property.

In the village of Pokrovskoye lived an old Russian gentleman, Kirila Petrovich Troekurov. He was noble, rich and distinguished by tyranny. he even had a kind of harem; sixteen maids lived in one of the outbuildings, who were married off from time to time, replaced by new ones. Troekurov's closest neighbor was the poor landowner Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, who was very independent and at one time refused Troekurov's help and patronage. Both were widowed early.

Dubrovsky had a son, Vladimir, who was brought up in St. Petersburg, and Troekurov had a daughter, Masha, who lived on the estate. Troekurov often said that when they grew up, he would give Masha in marriage to Vladimir, to which Dubrovsky, shaking his head, replied that the poor nobleman was not a match for a rich bride. Everyone was jealous of the harmony that reigned between the neighbors.

One day in early autumn, while getting ready to go hunting, Troekurov showed the guests the kennel yard, where more than five hundred hounds and greyhounds were kept. Everyone present was delighted, except Dubrovsky. who, due to poverty, could only have two hounds and one pack of greyhounds. One of the kennels, in response to Andrei Gavrilovich’s remark, stated that conditions at Troekurov’s kennel were better than in some estates. Dubrovsky took these words personally. got offended and left. This began a feud that flared up and ended with Troekurov fraudulently suing Dubrovsky for his ancestral village of Kistenevka. During the trial, Andrei Gavrilovich had a fit of madness, and a few days later he became very ill.

The old nanny Egorovna wrote a letter to Vladimir in St. Petersburg, in which she reported about her father’s illness, about the court decision and asked him to come. Vladimir immediately began to bother about a vacation and three days later he was already on the road.

Approaching Kistenevka, he learned from the coachman that Troekurov was to blame for everything. from whom everything was bought, and that the peasants do not want any other master except Dubrovsky. The meeting with his son made a strong impression on the father: he was very weak and his thoughts were confused in his head. Vpadimir was amazed at his condition.

The son wanted to take care of business, but could not get a clear idea of ​​the litigation and retreated. The time to file an appeal has expired. Andrei Gavrilovich was getting worse, he fell into childhood, and Vladimir did not leave his side. Meanwhile, Troekurov. Having satisfied his ambitions, he already regretted what happened and decided to make peace with his neighbor. He arrived at the estate when old Dubrovsky was sitting at the window in the bedroom.

Seeing and recognizing Troekurov, the old man became very excited and fell. The son, who was right there, sent to the city for a doctor, and Troekurova
told him to tell him to get out. Kirila Petrovich listened to the servant’s answer, became gloomy and left the yard. At that moment, Dubrovsky Sr. died in his chair.

They buried him on the third day, and after the funeral, court officials appeared to bring Troyekurov into possession of the estate, but the young Dubrovsky was asked to leave the house. Vladimir reassured the peasants, who almost tore the officials to pieces, saying that he would seek a review of the case from the sovereign. The judges asked to spend the night, as they were afraid of the peasants, and Vladimir locked himself in his father’s room. At night he set the house on fire. The blacksmith Arkhip, whom he ordered to unlock the door to the hallway, on the contrary, locked it, and the officials burned alive. Dubrovsky, with his servant Grisha, Yegorovna’s son, got into the carriage and left, appointing the Kistenevsky grove as a meeting place for his peasants. At this time, the blacksmith noticed a cat on the roof of the burning barn and, risking his life, saved it from the fire.

The news of the fire spread throughout the area. Everyone discussed the reasons for this event and wondered where the people who were in the house had gone. Soon rumors spread that robbers had appeared in the forests, robbing rich travelers, and also plundering landowners' houses and burning them. Everyone was sure that the leader of the gang was young Dubrovsky. The only thing the robbers did not touch was Troyekurov’s property. Kirila Petrovich attributed this to the fact that they were afraid of him.

Troekurov’s daughter, whom her father loved madly, was seventeen years old at that time. She lived on an estate and received her education by reading French novels. She once had a governess, Mamzel Mimi, who left behind the black-eyed naughty Sasha, recognized by Troekurov as his son. To raise the boy, Kiril Petrovich ordered a French teacher from Moscow, who arrived in Pokrovskoye at that time. The teacher, whose last name was Deforge, provided recommendations from a Troekurov relative, for whom he served as tutor for four years. Everyone liked Kirila Petrovich, except for his youth. He called Masha as a translator and told Deforge. so that he does not dare to trail after the courtyard girls. Masha, blushing, translated. that the father hopes for modesty and decent behavior of the tutor. The teacher stayed with that.

For some time Masha did not pay attention to Deforge special attention, but then the following incident happened. Bears were kept in Troekurov's house. The owner sometimes amused himself with the fact that some guest was pushed into the room of the beast, sitting, naturally, on a chain, and the door was locked. The guest huddled in a safe corner, and the bear rushed towards him and roared. jumped, reared, trying to get the unfortunate man. This is what they did with the Frenchman. Finding himself in the same room with a wild animal, Deforge, without embarrassment, took a small pistol from his pocket, put the barrel in the bear’s ear and fired. The beast fell down. Kirila Petrovich was amazed at such restraint and wanted to know why the teacher had a loaded pistol in his pocket. Desforges replied that he always carried a pistol with him, since his rank did not allow him to demand satisfaction for an insult that he did not intend to tolerate. From that moment on, the owner fell in love with the Frenchman, and the latter’s act made an indelible impression on Masha. Soon Deforge began giving the girl music lessons, as she had a wonderful voice. It ended with Masha falling in love.

On the holiday, guests gathered at Troekurov's place. The conversation turned to Dubrovsky Jr., and one of the neighbors, the kind and simple Anna Savishna Globova, said that he dined with her last Tuesday. Here is how it was. Once a clerk. with whom she sent money to her son, returned pale and ragged and declared that Dubrovsky had robbed him. Two weeks later, a dark, mustachioed general of about thirty-five came to see her. And, saying that Dubrovsky could not do this, he ordered the clerk’s things to be searched. the money was found, the general took the swindler with him, and a few days later he was found in the forest tied to a birch tree. And the widow then guessed who her guest was.

After dinner, the old people played cards and drank punch, and the young people danced. Everyone was cheerful, except for Anton Pafnutich Spitsyn, on the basis of whose false testimony Kistenevka came into the possession of Troekurov, and now he was afraid of Dubrovsky’s revenge. In addition, Spitsyn had a lot of money with him, hidden in a leather bag on his chest. Having heard about the story with the bear, he asked the brave tutor to allow him to spend the night in his room. In a dream, Spitsyn felt that someone was quietly tugging at the collar of his shirt, and, opening his eyes, he saw Deforge with a pistol in his hand, unfastening the treasured bag. The Frenchman, in pure Russian, ordered him to remain silent and called himself Dubrovsky.

The fact is that Vladimir met the real Deforge at the station and bought it from him for ten thousand letters of recommendation, as well as his absence from Troekurov’s house. Arriving at the house of his enemy, Dubrovsky gained the universal love of its inhabitants and himself seemed to fall in love with them, but the proximity of one of the culprits of his misfortunes, with whom he spent the night in the same room and whom he considered his personal enemy, infuriated him, and Vladimir did not was able to resist temptation. In the morning, pale and upset, Spitsyn was the last to go out to tea, looked with horror at the teacher, who was sitting right there as if nothing had happened, and, without saying anything to anyone, he soon left.

A few days later, the teacher, interrupting the music lesson under the pretext of a headache, handed Masha a note and left the room. The note asked to come to the gazebo by the stream in the evening. On a date, he informed the girl of his necessary immediate departure and admitted to her that he was Dubrovsky. Masha was scared. but Vladimir reassured her, saying that he had given up the thought of taking revenge on Troekurov, having fallen in love with his daughter. There was a whistle. Dubrovsky kissed the girl’s hand, promised to protect her if she found herself in a difficult situation, and left. When Masha returned to the house, she saw a troika of police officers at the porch who had come for Deforges. When the policeman told Kirila Petrovich about Spitsyn, Troekurov did not believe it and said that he would not give him his Frenchman. But Deforge was never found anywhere.

For some time everything was calm, and at the end of May, Prince Vereisky, who was about fifty years old, returned to his estate from abroad. He came to visit Kirila Petrovich, met Masha at dinner and fell in love with her. Two days later, the Troyekurovs were visiting the prince, and his estate and wealth made a very pleasant impression on them.

One evening, when Masha was sitting in her room by the window and embroidering, someone’s hand placed a note on her hoop. and at the same moment a servant entered the room and called her to her father’s office. The prince was waiting there and proposed to her. The girl began to cry, and her father sent her to his room. Sobbing, she remembered the letter and rushed to read. In it she had an appointment. In the evening, she told Dubrovsky about everything, who offered to save her from the hated man, but Masha did not agree. Then he gave her the ring and added that if she still needed help, she should put the ring in the hollow of the old oak tree. They broke up.

The wedding was getting ready. Masha wrote a letter to Vereisky asking him to abandon her, but this did not make any impression on him. The girl asked her father to spare her, but he considered it a whim and announced that the wedding was scheduled for the day after tomorrow. Then Masha said that she would resort to Dubrovsky’s help; in response, Troekurov locked his daughter in her room. In the morning her brother came to her, and the girl asked
him to take the ring to the hollow of an old oak tree. Unfortunately, Sasha saw some unfamiliar boy who took this ring from the hollow. They began to fight, and as a result both ended up in front of the master. Sasha, under pain of punishment, told his father everything, and he sent for the policeman. The policeman interrogated the boy, who pretended to be a fool, got nothing out of him and let him go.

On the wedding day, pale, crying Masha was dressed up, put in a carriage and taken to church. She was still waiting for Dubrovsky, but the priest had already started the wedding, and he still wasn’t there. Finally the ceremony was completed. The young people got into the carriage and went to the prince’s estate. It was necessary to travel about ten miles. Suddenly the carriage was stopped: a crowd of armed people surrounded it, and a man in a half-mask, opening the carriage door, told Masha that she was free. To the prince's question, Masha answered that it was Dubrovsky. Then Vereisky took out a pistol and shot at Vladimir.

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Tell us about the friendship between the elder Dubrovsky and Troekurov. What gave birth to it? Why was it interrupted so tragically?

The friendship of Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky and Kirila Petrovich Troekurov was significantly different from the relationship of the rich and powerful master with his other landowner neighbors and acquaintances. They were once comrades in the service. One of them retired with the rank of lieutenant of the guard, the other with the rank of general-in-chief. Both had independent characters. Dubrovsky, despite his poor position and modest position,

he was distinguished by pride, impatience and decisiveness of character, for which he was respected by Troekurov. He did not allow his friend the rude and cruel jokes to which he subjected others, and also tolerated the comments that Dubrovsky made about his lifestyle. The elder Dubrovsky was also an interesting conversationalist; in his absence, Kirila Petrovich was bored. Pushkin explained the reasons for their special friendship by the fact that they were the same age, received the same upbringing, were both widowed, and had one child each. Sometimes Troekurov expressed the idea of ​​marrying Masha and Vladimir, to which Dubrovsky replied that the husband should be

the head of the family, and not “the clerk of a spoiled woman,” so it is better for him to marry a poor noblewoman. All the neighbors were jealous of the harmony that reigned between them. As the author puts it, “an unexpected incident upset everything” and changed their relationship. Once, during an inspection of the kennel, Dubrovsky was insulted by Troekurov’s servant Paramoshka. In response to this, Andrei Gavrilovich withdrew from Pokrovsky and demanded that Troekurov send a servant to his trial, and whether he had the will to punish or pardon, he would decide for himself. The wayward Troekurov could not stand this and decided to bring his former friend to his knees. The entire subsequent plot of the novel is determined by this event.

Glossary:

• characteristics of Dubrovsky senior
• friendship between Dubrovsky and Troekurov
• friendship between Troekurov and Dubrovsky
• why reconciliation between the elder Dubrovsky and Troekurov is impossible
• tell us about the friendship between senior Dubrovsky and Troekurov

Other works on this topic:

1. In the story “Dubrovsky” Pushkin portrayed two types of nobles. On the one hand, the writer draws Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a noble nobleman. This is the image of an enlightened person. He is educated...
2. Dubrovsky and Troekurov are two personalities, two human destinies, who have much in common. For example, the fact that they belong to a noble family and from the pre-revolutionary era...
3. In the novel, the servants of the Dubrovsky gentlemen are represented both in the general mass and in individual images of the blacksmith Arkhip, the coachman Anton, the nanny Egorovna, and the boy Mitya. With all that...
4. The illness and death of Dubrovsky's father In the short period of his work, A. S. Pushkin replenished Russian literature with a huge amount life books. One of these works was...
5. Dubrovsky and Masha Troekurova On the pages of the story by A. S. Pushkin we meet two bright characters who became victims of fate, or rather the conflict of their parents....
6. Vladimir Dubrovsky knew little of his father - in early age having lost his mother, he was sent to be raised in cadet corps. However, he was well aware...
7. Troekurov Dubrovsky Quality of characters Negative hero Main positive hero Character Spoiled, selfish, dissolute. Noble, generous, decisive. Has a hot character. A person who knows how to love not for...

Russian literature lesson. 6th grade.
Lesson topic: Image of the Russian nobility. Lesson objectives:

1. Analyzing the novel by A.S. Pushkin, trace how the Russian nobility is depicted, compare the main characters, Troekurov and Dubrovsky Sr., as representatives of this class.
2. Improve students' skills in working with the text of a work of fiction.
3. Review literary concepts.
4. Arouse interest in moral problems life.

1. Analysis homework. The students were asked to prepare illustrations based on the read chapters of the novel by A.S. Pushkin. Demonstration of drawings.
2. Work on the work.

1. What is antithesis? Knowledge of this theoretical term will be useful in class.
2. The task of our lesson is to trace where and what oppositions are shown in the novel “Dubrovsky”.

1. How did the court decision affect Dubrovsky? Why did Dubrovsky’s sudden “madness” poison Troekurov’s celebration? Is he happy with the court's decision? Why did the reconciliation of former friends not take place?
2. Let's summarize. Depicting the Russian nobility in the novel “Dubrovsky,” A.S. Pushkin uses the technique of antithesis, he contrasts Dubrovsky Sr. and Troekurov, Dubrovsky and other neighboring landowners. Troekurov is a representative of the “wild nobility,” but still he is overpowered

positive features

(his impulse speaks about this). He is opposed to the independent and noble Dubrovsky, who believes in justice.

Having settled on their estates, they find themselves neighbors. Both Troekurov and Dubrovsky are very happy about this. Troekurov even offered to give his daughter in marriage to Dubrovsky’s son. But Andrei Gavrilovich was against such a marriage. Dubrovsky said that the husband should be the head of the family, there is no point in giving orders to a spoiled young lady; it’s better to let him marry a poor noblewoman. Many envy Troekurov and Dubrovsky, because they live peacefully and amicably. One day, Troekurov’s servant humiliated Dubrovsky. Dubrovsky demanded an apology and demanded that the offender be punished. He said that the huntsman Paramoshka needs to be tried, and the court will decide whether he is guilty or not. Kirill Petrovich got angry with Dubrovsky. He was against the trial. Instead of standing up for his friend, the wayward rich man Troekurov decides to be rude to Andrei Gavrilovich. It would seem that the friends should soon make peace, but this does not happen.

One day, Andrei Gavrilovich discovers that Kirill Petrovich’s peasants are stealing timber from his estate and decides to punish the thieves himself by beating them with rods. For such an act, Kirill Petrovich decides to take revenge on Andrei Gavrilovich. Hatred flares up between two former friends. They do not stop arguing; on the contrary, the conflict begins to flare up even more. Troekurov decided to take away Andrei Gavrilovich’s estate. He summons Dubovsky to court, having bribed officials in advance in order to win the trial. At the trial, poor old man Andrei Gavrilovich goes crazy from shock. Having won the trial and consoled himself with his victory, Troekurov decides to hush up the conflict and make peace with his old friend, because his conscience is tormenting him. Seeing his current enemy on the Dubrovsky estate, Andrei Vladimirovich experiences paralysis. Dubrovsky dies.

Officials immediately take away the estate that previously belonged to Dubrovsky and hand it over to Kirill Petrovich. Upon his return, Vladimir Dubrovsky remains an orphan, not even having a home. All this gave rise to Vladimir Dubrovsky becoming a robber...

It becomes interesting why such a seemingly strong friendship turned into hatred so quickly and easily? This means there was no real friendship and mutual understanding. If two people valued their friendship, they would apologize to each other, and not continue to take revenge, as Kirill Petrovich did. A long friendship broke down like a house of cards. Their pride destroyed everything that had been built over many years. Mutual understanding is the springboard on which true friendship is built.

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