What are the moral and philosophical issues of the novel "Eugene Onegin"? and got the best answer

Reply from Lisa[active]
Analyzing the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, V. G. Belinsky wrote: “Onegin is Pushkin’s most sincere work, the most beloved child of his imagination, and one can point to too few creations in which the poet’s personality would be reflected with such completeness , light and clear how Pushkin’s personality was reflected in Onegin.”
The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" poses many philosophical and moral problems. One of them is the problem of happiness and debt.
This problem is most clearly highlighted in final explanation Evgenia Onegina with Tatyana Larina.
Their farewell meeting takes place in Moscow, in the house of Tatyana’s husband. Onegin meets Larina in Moscow, but now she is no longer a “district young lady” in whom “everything is outside, everything is free,” but an “indifferent princess,” “a legislator.” And it is with this person that Onegin falls in love, hoping that he will be able to return the old Tatyana to her. Evgeny writes her a letter with a declaration of love, but receives no answer. He gradually withers and finally decides to find out everything once and for all. It is at this moment that the final explanation occurs.
This scene is the climax of the novel. There is a denouement in it. If earlier Onegin talked to Tatyana from above as if he were a little girl, now they have switched roles.
For the first time, Onegin thinks that his worldview is wrong, that it will not give him peace and what he ultimately achieves. “I thought: freedom and peace are a substitute for happiness,” Onegin admits to Tatyana, beginning to realize that true happiness lies in the desire to find a soul mate.
He understands that all his foundations have been shaken. The author gives us hope for the moral revival of Onegin.
"Eugene Onegin" - philosophical novel, a novel about the meaning of life. In it, Pushkin raised the problems of existence, reflected on what good and evil are. And if Onegin’s life is meaningless, he sows evil, death, indifference around himself, then Tatyana is an integral, harmonious person, and she sees the meaning of her life in love, in fulfilling her duty to her husband. Having come to terms with the harsh laws of life that deprived a person of happiness, Tatyana was forced to fight for her dignity, showing in this struggle uncompromisingness and her inherent moral strength, this was precisely what moral values Tatiana. Tatyana is the heroine of conscience.
Tatyana appears in the novel as a symbol of fidelity, kindness, and love. Everyone has long known that happiness for women lies in love, in caring for one’s neighbor.

Answer from Elena Zhmareva[guru]
It is difficult to say whether Pushkin suffered from such naive didacticism as Belinsky attributes to him. Sexless Tatiana and demonic Onegin are quite in the spirit of the poster “furious Vissarion”! “A habit has been given to us from above, it is a substitute for happiness,” “Blessed is he who was young from his youth, blessed is he who matured in time” - these aphorisms illustrate the change in the value system over the course of a person’s life. That hobby that could fill the life of 16 or 18-year-old Tatyana no longer seems so fatal to a married woman who SLEEPS with a man and has an idea of ​​​​the intimate side of love. On the one hand - fleeting meetings with Onegin and unclear dreams, on the other - the position in society and loving husband. So it’s still a question of what prevailed - DUTY or simple COMMON SENSE, not burdened with lightweight nonsense about the “old cemetery” and “the noise of the branches above the nanny.”

Choose only ONE of the suggested essay topics (2.1–2.4). In the answer form, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is scored 0 points).

Rely on author's position(in an essay on lyrics, take into account the author’s intention), formulate your point of view. Argument your theses based on literary works(in an essay on lyrics, it is necessary to analyze at least two poems). Use literary theoretical concepts to analyze the work. Think over the composition of your essay. Write your essay clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.

2.5. What stories from the works of Russian and foreign literature are relevant to you and why? (Based on the analysis of one or two works.)

Explanation.

Comments on essays

2.1. What role does the image of military everyday life play in the poem “Vasily Terkin” by A. T. Tvardovsky?

Writer Fyodor Abramov said about the poem “Vasily Terkin” this way: “Russia is alive people's faces, intonation, word." “The Book about a Soldier,” born in the atmosphere of the war years, is a deep study of the Russian national character, a moving narrative about a soldier and his soldierly entourage. Through the eyes of Terkin, an “ordinary guy,” not only pictures of battles are drawn, but also scenes front-line life. The poem about a soldier’s everyday life and a joke, so necessary in mortal danger, surprisingly organically merge in the poem: the story about the accordion player Terkin sounds at ease:

...Warm up, hang out

Everyone goes to the accordion player.

Surround - Stop, brothers,

Let me blow on your hands...

All sorts of random encounters happen in war, and Vasily Terkin always shows ingenuity, dexterity and efficiency: he can easily find the scale hidden by the hostess, fry lard, fix the clock.

An honest, brave and conscientious artist, A. T. Tvardovsky traveled difficult front roads as a war correspondent, more than once was under shelling and bombing, and not only this experience, but also his enormous talent helped the author create folk poem, close to millions of readers.

2.2. How is M. V. Lomonosov’s idea of ​​an ideal historical figure embodied in “Ode on the Day of the Accession to the All-Russian Throne of Her Majesty Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747”?

In Lomonosov's ode, Tsarina Elizaveta Petrovna appears as an exalted being. The poet places great hopes on her for the peace and prosperity of Russia. First of all, Lomonosov talks about peace, which is the key to the prosperity and happiness of any country.

Lomonosov praises Elizabeth's generosity and expresses his hope for her mercy and attention to her native country. Lomonosov speaks about the happiness of all people. And Queen Elizabeth acts as the guarantee of their peace and happiness:

When she took the throne,

As the Most High gave her a crown,

Brought you back to Russia

Put an end to the war.

Lomonosov idealizes the queen. He paints her as the embodiment of all virtues. And the reader may get the impression that Lomonosov did not see any shortcomings in her. But we should not forget that the classic poet that Lomonosov is, in his work must glorify reality, devoid of any vices. Moreover, an ode of praise is a completely special genre. And Lomonosov’s ode is structured in such a way that he says only good things about the queen.

Lomonosov speaks about the beauty and greatness of Russia, about the inexhaustible wealth that this country possesses. And therefore he believes that great country worthy of a great ruler, which Elizabeth certainly is.

2.3. What is the contrast between the natures of Onegin and Lensky? (Based on the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin.”)

The heroes of the novel “Eugene Onegin” are complex, lively, and sometimes contradictory characters. Onegin and Lensky are close in their social and geographical location: They are landowners - neighbors. Both have education, their spiritual needs are not limited to rural life, like most of their neighbors. Onegin was born and raised in St. Petersburg. Lensky studied in Germany, at the University of Göttingen, so in the wilderness of the village it was difficult for him to find an interlocutor. Pushkin notes that both heroes are good-looking. Onegin is “very sweet”; life in St. Petersburg society has taught him to take care of his appearance.

The difference between the heroes is clearly visible in their attitude towards love. Lensky “sang love, obedient to love,” he is going to marry his chosen one - Olga Larina.

Onegin has long forgotten what love is: in eight years social life in St. Petersburg he was used to replacing serious feeling“the science of tender passion,” but he was frankly bored in the village. Pushkin gives a number of antonyms, emphasizing the contrast of the characters’ characters: “wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire.”

In the images of Onegin and Lensky, Pushkin embodied the typical features of the youth of his time. The heroes differ in character and worldview. Onegin ruined best years for empty social fun and turned into a bored egoist. Lensky is still too young, naive, romantic, but he could turn into an ordinary landowner.

2.4. What social and moral vices does N.V. Gogol expose in the comedy “The Inspector General”?

In the comedy “The Inspector General” N.V. Gogol exposes the vices of the society of the times Tsarist Russia. The focus of his attention is on representatives of the bureaucracy, and the author embodies their images in the characteristic characters of a small county town, where the main events take place. The author clearly shows that local officials are mired in bribery and arbitrariness. The moral of these people is this: “There is no person who does not have some sins behind him. This is already arranged this way by God himself...” The ability not to miss what floats into one’s hands is, in their opinion, a manifestation of intelligence and enterprise. The officials of the district town are stupid and immoral.

The work of N.V. Gogol is not so much comical as it is filled with tragedy, because, reading it, you begin to understand: a society in which there are so many degenerate bosses, corrupted by idleness and impunity, has no future.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s work on the work “Eugene Onegin” took place during a difficult period for Russia. The writing of the novel lasted eight years. During this time, one ruler of the state was replaced by another, society was in the process of rethinking the key life values, the worldview of the author himself changed. It follows that the work raises many important moral issues.

Firstly, Pushkin touched upon the topic of searching for the meaning of human existence. In the novel, we can observe the lives of the characters in dynamics, the path of their spiritual formation. Some heroes managed to find the truth, recognize the right ideals, after going through trials. Others have followed the wrong path, setting their priorities wrong but never realizing it.

IN secular society Those times had their own laws. Young people did not strive to make existence meaningful. They were busy with the senseless waste of their parents' money, an idle lifestyle, balls and entertainment, gradually degrading, becoming corrupted, becoming similar friend on a friend. To earn recognition among others, it was enough to follow fashion trends, dance well, speak French, and be able to communicate gallantly. That's all.

Secondly, the work traces the theme of attitudes towards marriage. At first, young people, including Onenin, are burdened by serious relationships, he believes family life boring, unattractive, unpromising. So Evgeny neglected the feelings of young Tatiana, choosing freedom rather than the love of a modest provincial girl.

Only with the passage of time did stable relationships become desirable for the main character. He wanted, passionately desired, peace, comfort, warmth, quiet family happiness, home life. However, the opportunities for this were irretrievably lost due to his own fault. If Onegin had “ripened” in time, he could not only have become happy himself, but also made the romantic Tatiana happy.

Thirdly, the novel has a theme of friendship. Secular young people are absolutely incapable of loyal and true friendships. They are all just friends, maintaining communication “with nothing to do.” But it is pointless to expect help in a difficult situation, support, or understanding from them. So Lensky and Onegin seemed to be there good friends, however, due to some stupidity, one killed the other.

Fourthly, Pushkin mentions the issue of duty and honor. This topic is fully revealed by Tatyana Larina. She was, like Evgeny, noble origin, received a superficial upbringing at home. However, the morals of the world did not affect her pure and innocent soul. She loves Onegin madly, but puts her duty to her husband, albeit unloved, above all else. Even the hero’s passionate tirade did not persuade her to change her decision.

A society mired in lies, hypocrisy, and erroneous guidelines cannot find the true meaning of life, and therefore does not value it. Eugene put secular honor above moral duty by killing a romantic friend. Such a shift in ideals seems absurd, but, alas, this is the harsh reality.

"Moral Choice"

Option 1

Moral choice - this is, first of all, a choice between good and evil: loyalty and betrayal, love and hatred, mercy or indifference, conscience or dishonor, law or lawlessness... Every person makes it throughout his entire life, perhaps more than once. Since childhood, we have been taught what is good and what is bad. Sometimes life presents us with a choice: to be sincere or hypocritical, to do good or bad deeds. And this choice depends on the person himself. I will prove this thesis by citing arguments from the text by V.K. Zheleznikov and analyzing my life experience.

As a second argument to prove the thesis, I will give an example from the reader’s experience. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” moral choice The main character is faced with whether to refuse a duel with Lensky or not to refuse. On the one hand, there was the opinion of society, which would condemn him for refusal, and on the other, Lensky, a friend whose death was not necessary. Evgeniy made, in my opinion, the wrong choice: a person’s life is more important than public opinion.

Thus, I proved that we are constantly faced with moral choices, sometimes even in everyday things. And this choice must be correct so as not to regret it later.

Option 2

What is moral choice? I think a moral choice is a choice between love and hate, trust and mistrust, conscience and dishonor, loyalty and betrayal, and to generalize, it is a choice between good and evil. It depends on the degree of human morality. Nowadays, as always, moral choice can show the true essence of a person, because the choice between good and evil is the most main choice person.

In the text by E. Shima you can find an example that confirms my idea. Gosha, a boy with a gentle character, truly commits heroic deed when, risking his health, he protects Vera. When the boy sees that the rocket might explode, he makes the right choice. This act characterizes him differently than at the beginning of the story, because by his act Gosha changes his opinion about himself for the better.

As a second proof of the thesis, I want to give an example from life. I would like to talk about Nikolai Shvedyuk, who, risking his life, saved five people who were riding a snowmobile and fell through the ice. The ninth grader, seeing what happened, called ambulance, he himself, taking the rope, rushed to help the people. Nikolai committed this act, although no one forced him to do it: he made his moral choice.

Option 3

Moral choice - this is a choice between good and evil, between friendship and betrayal, between conscience and dishonor... The main thing is that a person makes a decision that he will not regret in the future. I believe that each person understands the phrase “moral choice” differently. For me, a moral choice is a choice in which a person’s upbringing and soul are manifested. To confirm my point of view, I will turn to the text of V. Droganov and personal experience.

The first argument in favor of my opinion can be propositions 24-25. In these sentences, the author talks about what the narrator understands many years later: his choice at that moment when he took the book from Kolka Babushkin was wrong, and he greatly regrets it. This once wrongly chosen decision became his pain, his “inseparable companion”, because the hero understands that, unfortunately, he cannot fix anything, it is no longer even possible to ask for forgiveness (30).

Thus, after analyzing two arguments, I proved that a moral choice is a choice that a person makes first of all with his soul, heart, and then with his mind. And sometimes the experience of the past years tells him that he did wrong.

Option 4

Moral choice - this is making one decision out of several: we always think about what to choose: good or evil, love or hatred, loyalty or betrayal, conscience or dishonor... Our choice depends on many things: on the person himself and his moral guidelines, from life circumstances, from public opinion. I believe that moral choices may not always be correct, but are often a reflection of how a person was raised. A person with a bad character will choose decisions in his own favor: he does not think about others, he does not care what happens to them. For evidence, let us turn to the text of Yu. Dombrovsky and life experience. Essays on the OGE and the Unified State Exam

Secondly, I would like to recall the story of a boy from V. Astafiev’s story “The Horse with a Pink Mane.” In the work we observe that the boy realized his mistake and repented of his action. In other words, the hero, who is faced with the question of whether to ask for forgiveness from his grandmother or remain silent, decides to apologize. In this story we observe that the decision of a moral choice depends on the character of a person.

Thus, we have proven that moral choice is a decision that we make every day, and the choice of this decision depends only on ourselves.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a Russian poet, prose writer and playwright of the 19th century. He is the founder of Russian realism. The great poet is considered one of the most authoritative figures of his time. Over the course of eight years, he created a novel in verse called “Eugene Onegin.” The problems presented to the reader in this work are still relevant today. In our article you can find not only a description of the problems and plot of the novel, but also the history of its creation, as well as a lot of other interesting and educational information.

The history of the creation of an innovative work

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin began writing “Eugene Onegin” in 1823, and finished only in 1831. Pushkin sometimes called his novel a feat. It is worth noting that “Eugene Onegin” is the first work in the poet’s repertoire that was written in the style of realism.

Initially, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin planned to include 9 chapters in the novel, but after finishing writing, he left only 8. The work describes the events of 1819 - 1825. The novel presents not only love line, but also the vices of society. It is for this reason that the work is still relevant today.

“Eugene Onegin” is an encyclopedia of Russian life, because the detail of everyday life and the depth of description of the characters’ characters allow readers to understand the peculiarities of the life of people of the 19th century. The novel “Eugene Onegin” was published in parts (chapters). Some excerpts were published in magazines. The publication of each chapter became an extraordinary event in society. The very first part was published in 1825.

Plot of the novel

Realism in Russian literature, as already mentioned, was first presented in an innovative work authored by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The main character of the novel is Eugene Onegin. This is a young nobleman who was very educated and led a secular lifestyle. The main thing for him was visiting balls and theaters. Onegin also loved to have dinner with friends at the most popular establishments in St. Petersburg. But over time, he gets tired of this lifestyle, and the hero falls into the deepest depression.

Having learned about his uncle's fatal illness, Evgeny Onegin goes to the village. Upon arrival, he finds out that his relative is no longer alive. Because the main character was the only heir, then all the property goes to him. Evgeny Onegin believes that the village is in dire need of transformation and reform. While these thoughts occupy the hero, he meets and begins to maintain a relationship with Lensky, a young landowner. The new comrade introduces Onegin to the Larin family, in which two sisters live. One of them is Tatyana, who had the misfortune of falling in love with young Evgeniy at first sight.

At the Larins' ball, a conflict arises between Lensky and Onegin, which goes too far and ends in a duel between former friends. After Onegin kills Lensky in a fight, he leaves on a journey in despair. At this time, Tatyana is married off.

At one of the balls, Onegin and Tatyana meet. The main character suddenly awakens belated love to the girl. Returning home, Evgeniy composes a love letter for Tatiana, to which she soon responds. The girl claims that she still loves the young nobleman, but cannot be with him, since she is already a married lady: “But I have been given to another and will be faithful to him forever.”

Characteristics of the main character of the work

Onegin's qualities are especially clearly revealed to the reader in the first and last chapters of the novel. The main character has a rather complex character. He has a heightened sense of self-esteem, but from time to time Evgeniy is forced to make concessions to society because he is afraid of not being accepted. In the novel, the author devotes several lines to the childhood of the protagonist, which to a certain extent explains his current behavior. From the first days of his life, Evgeniy was raised superficially. At first glance, Onegin’s childhood was fun and carefree, but in fact, everything familiar quickly caused him dissatisfaction.

The young nobleman lives. It is worth noting that Onegin acts and dresses as is customary in society - in this sense, he neglects own desires. The image of the main character is quite complex and diverse. Refusal of personal claims deprives him of the opportunity to be himself.

Evgeny Onegin easily charmed any woman. He spent free time surrounded by entertainment, which soon invariably bored him. Onegin does not value people. Confirmation of this is the duel with Lensky. Eugene easily kills a friend without a good reason. Positive features The main character is introduced to the reader at the end of the novel. Seeing Tatyana again, he realizes that nothing excites the heart more than sincerity. But, unfortunately, the hero realizes this truth too late.

Life and customs of the nobility

“We all learned a little something and somehow” - a quote from the novel “Eugene Onegin”, which is sometimes used today. Its meaning is a reflection of the superficial education of high society in times Patriotic War 1812. The nobility in Moscow and St. Petersburg were divided in their views into two groups: the first - older generation, and the second are young nobles. Most of them did not want to do anything or strive for anything. In those days, knowledge of French and the ability to bow and dance correctly were priorities. This is where the craving for knowledge, as a rule, ended. This is confirmed by a quote from the novel, which, due to its veracity, will never be superfluous to repeat: “We all learned a little something and somehow.”

Love and duty in the novel "Eugene Onegin"

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a poet who worked in the last century, but his works are still relevant today. One of his most popular works is the novel “Eugene Onegin”. What problems does this work pose for readers?

Happiness and duty are one of the key problems that are presented in the novel “Eugene Onegin” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. It concerns not only the main character and Tatyana, but also the girl’s parents. Tatiana's mother was supposed to marry another man, the one she loved. Having entered into a marriage with an unloved person, she cried and suffered, but over time she came to terms with it. Paradoxically, Tatyana repeated the fate of her mother. She loved Evgeniy Onegin with all her heart, but she married a completely different man. The girl puts duty above love and remains with her husband, for whom she has no feelings. Thus, upbringing takes its toll, and the heroine sacrifices her happiness in the name of the foundations instilled in childhood.

It is difficult to argue with the fact that one of Pushkin’s most popular and iconic works is “Eugene Onegin”. The problems described in the novel made the author’s creation famous throughout the world.

The problem of identifying the main character in society

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" the hero is shown in interaction with society. It is interesting how the change in external status that occurs in Onegin’s life changes his habits and behavior. The main character behaves completely differently in a secular and rural environment. For example, in St. Petersburg Onegin demonstrates politeness and education, but in the village, on the contrary, he neglects the rules of etiquette. Based on this, we can conclude that the main character is no stranger to hypocrisy and lies.

The problem of searching for the meaning of life in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”

On life path meet different people. Some have willpower and are true to their worldviews, while others, on the contrary, make many mistakes and cannot find the true path. The novel “Eugene Onegin” leads readers to many thoughts. Problems associated with finding the meaning of life help you understand yourself.

The main characters of the novel are individuals who feel lonely in a secular environment. They are capable of both love and suffering. Onegin, for example, despises and this leads him to severe depression. Tatyana is the ideal of moral purity. Her main goal is to love and be loved, but the atmosphere that reigns around the heroine sometimes changes, as do the people around her. Despite this, Tatyana remains innocent and morally pure. But the main character eventually understands who he rejected, and this becomes the impetus for personal adjustments. Using the example of Onegin, the author of the work demonstrates how a person who comes into contact with the sincerity and spiritual beauty of another can change.

A unique Russian novel

In the 19th century, the novels of Byron and Walter Scott were very popular. From a thematic point of view, they were often associated with Pushkin’s poetic novel. The first published chapters of Eugene Onegin caused a stir in society. Reviews of the work differed significantly from each other.

In this innovative work, the author combines many genres and styles. In his novel, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin achieves integrity and harmony of style, ways of expressing artistic thought. "Eugene Onegin" is the first novel in Russia that was written in poetic form. Modern critics have more than once tried to figure out what the social and literary roots of the main character of the work - the “superfluous” person in society - are. They often suggested that the creature was connected with Byron's Harold.

Features of Tatyana's image

Tatyana Larina - main character novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. It is noteworthy that the author in all his works describes the image of a beautiful Russian woman. Tatyana falls in love with Onegin at first sight and for the rest of her life, and is the first to confess her feelings to him. But in Evgeniy’s callous heart there was no room for pure love girls.

In the image of Tatyana, incompatible things are combined into one whole: the heroine likes to tell fortunes, reads novels and believes in omens, despite the fact that she is quite religious. Its rich inner world amazes those around him. It is for this reason that she feels comfortable in any society. She is not bored even in the village. And the heroine also loves to indulge in dreams.

Over time, having received declarations of love from Eugene Onegin, the girl acts wisely. Tatyana suppresses her feelings and decides to stay with her husband. After all, a relationship with Onegin would be disastrous for the heroine.

The author's moral ideal

As we said earlier, Tatyana Larina does the right thing at the end of the novel. She does not hide the fact that she still loves Eugene Onegin, but at the same time the heroine believes that she can only belong to her legal husband.

It is Tatyana who is the most positive and moral person in the work. She makes mistakes, but then draws the right conclusions and makes the right decision. If you carefully read the lines of the novel, it becomes clear that Tatyana is the ideal of the author himself. On the contrary, using the example of Onegin, he demonstrates all the vices of society, since the main character of the novel is selfish and arrogant. It was individuals like Evgeniy who were prominent representatives noble class. Therefore, he appeared in the novel as collective image high society of St. Petersburg.

The moral choice of the heroes is also curious. The most striking example is the duel between Lensky and Onegin. The main character does not want to go to it, but obeys public opinion. As a result, Lensky dies, and this is a kind of turning point. It was after the sad event described that the novel changed its measured course.

Let's sum it up

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” is the first work in verse, which was written in the spirit of realism. The main characters are the young nobleman Onegin, the village girl Tatyana Larina and the landowner Lensky. Intertwined in the novel a large number of storylines and images. This is one of the reasons that makes the work interesting and instructive. The novel also contains relevant issues of any time: it touches on man’s eternal search for the meaning of life and his place in society. The tragedy of the work is that it is very difficult to conform to the ideas of the environment, regardless of one’s desires and principles. This inevitably leads to duality and hypocrisy. In addition, feeling like a stranger in society, as the main character feels, is also psychologically difficult. And, of course, the topic invariably attracts readers. The work is written very vividly and interestingly, so anyone who decides to read the novel “Eugene Onegin” will not be mistaken. The problems that are demonstrated in the work will provoke reflection and show what passions raged in the distant 19th century.