The most important part of the navy are its submarines. Modern submarines can perform a wide range of missions to detect and destroy enemy ships, submarines or ground targets. In addition, the naval component of the strategic nuclear forces is built entirely on submarines. Currently, as part of the renewal of the Navy, new submarines of various types are being built. In the foreseeable future, the fleet should receive several dozen submarines, both strategic or multi-purpose, and diesel-electric or special. However, for now, the basis of the submarine fleet in quantitative terms are submarines built earlier, including before the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The four fleets of the Russian Navy (with the exception of the Caspian Flotilla) currently serve a total of 76 submarines of various types. Strategic missile submarines (SSBNs), nuclear attack submarines, diesel submarines, as well as a number of special purpose nuclear and diesel submarines are in service and in reserve.

Strategic missile cruisers

The basis of the naval component of the nuclear forces are the Project 667BDRM Dolphin nuclear submarines. Currently, the Russian Navy has six such submarines: K-51 "Verkhoturye", K-84 "Ekaterinburg", K-114 "Tula", K-117 "Bryansk", K-118 "Karelia" and K-407 "Novomoskovsk". The submarine "Ekaterinburg" is currently undergoing repairs. Completion of work and delivery of the boat is scheduled for the end of this year. Another submarine of the Dolphin project, K-64, was withdrawn from the fleet in 1999 and soon went for refurbishment. All six Project 677BDRM submarines serve in the Northern Fleet.

The second largest type of SSBN in the Russian Navy is Project 667BDR “Squid”. Submarines of this type were built from the mid-seventies to the early eighties. Most of the Kalmar submarine cruisers have now been decommissioned and disposed of. Currently, the fleet has only three submarines of this type: K-433 “St. George the Victorious”, K-223 “Podolsk” and K-44 “Ryazan”. The latter is the newest of the existing Project 667BDR submarines and was delivered to the fleet in 1982. All three Kalmars serve in the Pacific Ocean.

Until the mid-nineties, nuclear deterrence tasks were carried out by the K-129 Orenburg submarine, built according to project 667BDR. In 1996, it was decided to convert it into a carrier for deep-sea vehicles. Currently, Orenburg belongs to project 09786 and is designated BS-136.

The Northern Fleet has three nuclear submarines of projects 941 and 941UM “Akula” in service and in reserve. The heavy missile cruiser TK-208 “Dmitry Donskoy” continues to serve. This was facilitated by repairs and modernization in accordance with Project 941UM, during which the submarine received equipment for the Bulava missile system. Two other Akulas, the TK-17 Arkhangelsk and the TK-20 Severstal, were put into reserve in the middle of the last decade due to the lack of R-39 missiles. Their future fate has not yet been determined.

In January 2013, a flag-raising ceremony took place on the lead SSBN of the new Project 955 Borei. The submarine K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky, under construction since 1996, passed all tests and was handed over to the fleet. At the end of December of the same year, the submarine cruiser K-550 Alexander Nevsky was accepted into the Navy. The lead submarine of the Borei project became part of the Northern Fleet, the first production submarine became part of the Pacific Fleet.

Multipurpose nuclear submarines

The tasks of destroying various surface, underwater and coastal targets are assigned to multi-purpose nuclear submarines armed with cruise missiles and torpedoes. The most popular nuclear submarines of this class are the Project 971 Shchuka-B submarines. The Russian Navy has 11 submarines of this type, distributed between the Northern and Pacific fleets. Five Shchuka-B submarines serve in the Pacific Fleet, six are in the Northern Fleet. At the moment, five Project 971 submarines are undergoing repairs or are being prepared for them. To date, the Navy has lost three submarines of this type. The K-284 "Akula" boat has been in storage since 2002, the K-480 "Ak Bars" was handed over for disposal at the end of the last decade, and the dismantling of the K-263 "Barnaul" started last year.

The fate of the K-152 “Nerpa” boat is worth special consideration. It was laid down in 1991 for the domestic fleet, but financial difficulties led to the failure of all work deadlines. In 2004, a contract was signed, according to which the submarine was planned to be completed and transferred to the Indian Navy. After a number of difficulties, all work was completed, and in January 2012 the submarine was accepted by the customer.

The second largest multipurpose nuclear submarines in the Russian Navy are Project 949A Antey submarines. There are 5 and 3 submarines of this type in service in the Pacific and Northern fleets, respectively. Initially, it was planned that the Navy would receive 18 of these submarines, but the financial capabilities of the fleet allowed the construction of only 11. To date, three boats of the Antey project have been out of service. In August 2000, the K-141 Kursk submarine tragically died, and since the end of the 2000s, work has been underway to dismantle the K-148 Krasnodar and K-173 Krasnoyarsk submarines. Of the remaining submarines, four are currently undergoing repairs.

From the late seventies to the early nineties, four submarines of projects 945 Barracuda and 945A Condor were built. The ships B-239 “Karp” and B-276 “Kostroma” were built according to project 945, and the ships B-534 “Nizhny Novgorod” and B-336 “Pskov” were built according to project 945A. All these submarines are part of the Northern Fleet. Last year, work began on the repair and modernization of the Karp submarine. After it, Kostroma will undergo repairs. "Pskov" and "Nizhny Novgorod" continue to serve.

Until now, four multi-purpose nuclear submarines of Project 671RTMK “Pike” remain in the Northern Fleet. Two submarines, B-414 Daniil Moskovsky and B-338 Petrozavodsk, continue to serve, while the other two, B-138 Obninsk and B-448 Tambov, are under repair. In accordance with current plans, all the Shchukas in the fleet will end their service in the foreseeable future. It was previously reported that all of them will be written off by the end of 2015. They will be replaced by new types of multi-purpose submarines.

On June 17, 2014, a flag-raising ceremony took place on the K-560 Severodvinsk submarine, the lead and so far only ship of Project 885 Yasen. The first Yasen was laid down at the end of 1993 and launched only in 2010. By 2020, it is planned to build 8 Yasen-class submarines equipped with missile weapons. Due to the long construction time for the lead submarine, all other submarines in the series will be built according to the updated 885M project. Currently, there are three new type submarines on the stocks of the Sevmash enterprise: Kazan, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk.

Non-nuclear submarines

Since the early eighties, several domestic shipyards have been engaged in serial production of Project 877 Halibut diesel-electric submarines. Over the past decades, several versions of this project have been created, thanks to which Halibuts of various modifications have become the most popular submarines in the Russian Navy.

The Baltic Fleet has two submarines of the Halibut project: B-227 Vyborg and B-806 Dmitrov (Project 877EKM). The Black Sea Fleet has only one Project 877B boat - the B-871 Alrosa. The Northern Fleet has the second largest group of Halibuts - five Project 877 diesel-electric submarines and one Project 877LPMB. Finally, eight Project 877 Halibut diesel-electric submarines serve at the bases of the Pacific Fleet.

A further development of Project 877 is Project 636 “Varshavyanka” and its versions. On August 22, 2014, the lead submarine of Project 636.3, the B-261 Novorossiysk, was accepted into service with the Black Sea Fleet. By the end of the decade, the Black Sea Fleet will receive five more submarines of this type. Two of them, B-237 Rostov-on-Don and B-262 Stary Oskol, have already been launched.

Until recently, great hopes were placed on the Project 677 Lada diesel-electric submarines, which are a further development of the Halibuts. Previously, there were plans to build a series of several Project 677 boats, but tests of the lead ship forced serious adjustments to be made to them. As a result, the first submarine of the project, B-585 St. Petersburg, is in trial operation by the Northern Fleet. Two production ships of Project 677 are under construction. Due to problems with the lead submarine, the construction of serial submarines was suspended for some time.

Special equipment

In addition to combat submarines, the Russian Navy has a number of special submarines and underwater vehicles designed to perform specific tasks of various kinds. For example, the Baltic, Northern and Pacific fleets operate four Project 1855 Priz deep-sea rescue vehicles.

According to open data, the Northern Fleet has 10 special-purpose nuclear and diesel-electric submarines designed to perform various tasks. This equipment is intended to carry out research work, conduct rescue operations and ensure combat duty of submarine missile cruisers. The most famous representative of this class of equipment is the special AS-12 Losharik submarine, capable of diving to depths of several kilometers. It was reported that in September 2012, Losharik participated in research work in the Arctic, during which its crew collected soil samples at a depth of more than 2 kilometers.

In the future, the Russian Navy should receive a number of new special-purpose submarines. Thus, since 2012, the Belgorod submarine of Project 949A has been completed according to a special project, thanks to which it will be able to become a carrier of deep-sea research vehicles. Last spring, representatives of the Navy claimed that the military department plans to build a special hydroacoustic patrol submarine, the task of which will be to detect underwater targets at a distance of up to several hundred kilometers.

Prospects

At the moment, in total, the Russian Navy has more than seven dozen submarines and devices for various purposes. The vast majority of this equipment was built before the collapse of the Soviet Union, which has a corresponding impact on both the condition and capabilities of the submarine fleet. However, in recent years, a number of measures have been taken to update it. In accordance with current plans, by 2020 the Navy should receive a relatively large number of new submarines.

By the end of this decade, the fleet will receive eight Project 955 Borei strategic missile carriers, the same number of Project 885 Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines and six Project 636.3 Varshavyanka diesel-electric submarines. Nuclear-powered Borei and Yasen missiles will be distributed between the Northern and Pacific fleets. “Varshavyanka”, in turn, will serve at Black Sea bases. Previously it was reported about plans regarding the future project 677 Lada. In the near future, it is planned to develop an updated version of this project, which will use a new power plant. The successful completion of this project will expand plans for the construction of non-nuclear submarines.

In parallel with the construction of new submarines, the old ones will be decommissioned. For example, by 2015-16 it is planned to stop operating the remaining Project 671RTMK Shchuka nuclear submarines. Almost all submarines of this type have already been withdrawn from the fleet and disposed of, and only four remain in service. Over time, similar processes will occur with other types of submarines, which will be replaced by the new Yasen, Borei, Varshavyanka and, possibly, Lada. However, a complete renewal of the submarine fleet will take a long time and will be one of the most expensive projects in the entire Russian Navy.

Based on materials from sites:
http://ria.ru/
http://rg.ru/
http://flot.sevastopol.info/
http://flotprom.ru/
http://flot.com/

The Project 945 Barracuda submarines, produced in the USSR in the 1980s, whose hulls are made of titanium, will be updated and returned to the service of the Navy, the Izvestia newspaper wrote on Tuesday.

The decision to restore the Barracudas was made in January at a meeting with the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Viktor Chirkov, a high-ranking source in the Navy High Command told the publication.

“This was not a spontaneous decision, we carefully calculated it and came to the conclusion that restoring the boats was more economically feasible than disposing of them,” the source explained.

Currently, the fleet includes four titanium nuclear submarines (not counting mini-boats for deep-sea research): two Project 945 “Barracuda” - K-239 “Karp” and K-276 “Kostroma” and two titanium boats of the modernized Project 945A “Condor” " - K-336 "Pskov" and K-534 "Nizhny Novgorod", the newspaper states.

The main targets of the Barracudas and Condors are aircraft carriers and submarines. To destroy them, torpedoes are used, which are fired from two 650-mm torpedo tubes and four 533-mm torpedo tubes.

All nuclear submarines are part of the 7th Submarine Division of the Northern Fleet (Vidyaevo), but the Karp has been at the Zvezdochka shipyard awaiting restoration since 1994.

A contract for the repair of the first two boats was signed with Zvezdochka. According to the document, the plant must carry out medium repairs with the modernization of two nuclear submarines.

As one of Zvezdochka’s top managers explained to the newspaper, the nuclear fuel and all electronics on the boats will be replaced, and the mechanical parts will be checked and repaired. In addition, repairs will be carried out at nuclear reactors.

“According to the schedule, by the end of April, the K-239 Karp boat should be transferred from the fleet’s balance to the plant’s balance. By this time, troubleshooting must be carried out and the work project must be approved. The work itself will begin on the first boat in the summer and will continue for 2-3 years, according to an optimistic scenario. It is possible that the timing will be delayed, since not everything is clear with the component suppliers. After “Karp” we will put “Kostroma” for repairs,” said a representative of “Zvezdochka”.

“Titanium, unlike steel, is not subject to corrosion, so if you remove the rubber coating, which absorbs noise, the hulls are as good as new,” the ship repairer added.

The strength of titanium boats was demonstrated in 1992, when the nuclear submarine Kostroma collided with the American Los Angeles-class submarine in the Barents Sea. The Russian ship suffered minor damage to its wheelhouse, and the American boat had to be written off.

According to preliminary data, titanium submarines will receive new hydroacoustic stations, combat information and control systems, radars with a radio reconnaissance station, and a navigation system based on GLONASS/GPS. In addition, the boats’ weapons systems will be changed and they will be taught to fire cruise missiles from the Caliber (Club-S) complex.

History of creation.

In parallel with the work on the design of 2nd generation multi-purpose nuclear submarines, the country's leading design bureaus, industry and naval research centers carried out exploration work on the creation of 3rd generation nuclear submarines. In particular, in the Gorky TsKB-112 “Lazurit” in the early 60s. a preliminary design of a 3rd generation multi-purpose submarine (project 673) was developed. Its design included many advanced solutions - a one-and-a-half-hull design, contours that were optimal from the point of view of hydrodynamics (without wheelhouse fencing), a single-shaft power plant with one reactor, etc. Subsequently, work on multi-purpose nuclear submarines in Gorky continued. One of these studies was the basis for the design of the first Soviet nuclear-powered submarine of the 3rd generation in 1971.
Expanding the combat capabilities of the American fleet - primarily its underwater component, which developed in the 60s - 80s. most dynamically, required a sharp increase in the anti-submarine potential of the Soviet Navy.
In 1973, in our country, as part of the comprehensive Argus program, the concept of the country's anti-submarine defense was developed. Within the framework of this concept, the Central Research and Production Association "Kometa" (general designer A.I. Savin) began the implementation of a program to create an integrated lighting system for the environment "Neptune" (KSOPO "Neptune"), including:
- the central link of the system is the center for collecting, processing, displaying and distributing information, reflection;
- stationary underwater lighting systems operating across various physical fields of submarines;
- hydroacoustic buoys deployed in the ocean by ships and aircraft;
- space systems for detecting submarines using various unmasking features;
- maneuver forces, including aircraft, surface ships and submarines. At the same time, new generation nuclear multi-purpose submarines, with enhanced search capabilities, were considered as one of the most important means of detecting, tracking and (after receiving the appropriate command) destroying enemy submarines.
The tactical and technical specifications for the development of a large nuclear-powered multi-purpose submarine were issued in March 1972. At the same time, the Navy was tasked with limiting the displacement within the limits that would ensure the construction of ships at the country’s domestic factories (in particular, at the Gorky Krasnoye Sormovo plant).

Chief designer of the project Nikolai Iosifovich Kvasha (8.12.1928 — 4.11.2007.).

Chief observer from the Navy, captain 1st rank, State Prize laureate Bogachenko Igor Petrovich(pictured on the left, at the 50th anniversary of LNVMU, 1998).

The main purpose of the new Project 945 nuclear submarines (code “Barracuda”) was supposed to be tracking missile submarines and aircraft carrier strike groups of a potential enemy, as well as the guaranteed destruction of these targets with the outbreak of hostilities. The chief designer of the project was N.I. Kvasha, and the main observer from the Navy was I.P. Bogachenko.
A fundamentally important element of the new nuclear submarine was the use of a titanium alloy with a yield strength of 70 - 72 kgf/mm2 for the manufacture of a durable hull, which ensures an increase in the maximum immersion depth by 1.5 times compared to the second generation nuclear submarine. The use of a titanium alloy of high specific strength made it possible, by reducing the mass of the hull, to save up to 25-30% on the displacement of the boat, which made it possible to build a nuclear submarine in Gorky and transport it by inland waterways. In addition, the titanium design made it possible to sharply reduce the ship’s magnetic field (in this parameter, Project 945 nuclear-powered submarines remain world leaders among submarines to this day).
However, the use of titanium led to a significant increase in the cost of nuclear submarines and, for technological reasons, limited the number of ships being built, as well as the number of shipbuilding enterprises participating in the program (the technology for constructing titanium hulls was not mastered in Komsomolsk-on-Amur).

Compared to the previous generation nuclear submarines, the torpedo-missile system of the new boat was supposed to have twice the ammunition capacity, an improved target designation system, an increased firing range (three times for missile-torpedoes and 1.5 times for torpedoes), as well as increased combat readiness ( the preparation time for firing the first salvo was halved).
In December 1969, at the Novator Design Bureau of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, under the leadership of chief designer L.V. Lyulev, work began on the creation of new second-generation anti-submarine missile systems “Vodopad” (caliber 533 mm) and “Veter” (650 mm), intended for the first queue for equipping promising third-generation nuclear submarines. Unlike its predecessor, the Vyuga-53 anti-aircraft missile system, the Vodopad was to be equipped with both a special warhead and a homing small-sized torpedo UMGT-1 (developed by NPO Uran) with a response range along the acoustic channel of 1.5 km , a range of up to 8 km and a maximum speed of 41 knots. The use of two types of equipment significantly expanded the range of weapon use. Compared to the Vyuga-53 complex, the Vodopad’s maximum missile launch depth increased sharply (up to 150 m), and the range of firing ranges increased (from depths of 20-50 m - 5 - 50 km, from 150 m - 5 - 35 km ), the pre-launch preparation time was significantly reduced (10 s).

The “Wind”, which has twice the maximum launch range and depth of the “Waterfall”, could also be equipped with both an UMGT torpedo and a nuclear warhead. The “Waterfall” complex, designated RPK-6, entered service with the Navy in 1981 (it was equipped not only with nuclear submarines, but also surface ships), and the “Wind” (RPK-7) complex - in 1984.
Another new type of weapon introduced on third-generation nuclear submarines was the TEST-71 type remote-controlled homing torpedo in two planes. It was designed to destroy submarines and was equipped with an active-passive hydroacoustic homing system, which, together with a wire-based telecontrol system, provided targeting in two planes. The presence of a telecontrol system made it possible to monitor the maneuvering of the torpedo and the operation of the homing equipment, as well as control them during the firing process. The operator on board the nuclear submarine, depending on the developing tactical situation, could prohibit the homing of the torpedo or redirect it.

The electric power plant ensured the movement of the torpedo in two modes - search mode (at a speed of 24 knots) and rendezvous mode (40 knots) with multiple mode switching. The maximum range (depending on the prevailing speed) was between 15 and 20 km. The depth of search and destruction of the target was 2 - 400 m. In terms of the level of secrecy, the TEST-71 was significantly superior to the American torpedo with the MK.48 with a piston engine, although the latter, with a comparable range, had a slightly higher speed (50 knots).
To illuminate the underwater and surface situation and target designation, it was decided to equip the weapon with an improved hydroacoustic complex (GAK) MGK-503 “Scat”. Thanks to measures to reduce the noise of nuclear submarines and reduce their own interference during the operation of the sonar, the target detection range has been more than doubled compared to second-generation nuclear submarines.
New REV systems made it possible to reduce the error in determining the location by 5 times, as well as significantly increase the intervals between ascents to determine coordinates. The communication range has increased by 2 times, and the depth of reception of radio signals has increased by 3 times.

To work out the issues of strength and technology of the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard, a full-scale compartment was built from a titanium alloy, as well as a semi-natural compartment from another, more durable titanium alloy, intended for use on promising ultra-deep-sea nuclear submarines. The compartments were sent to Severodvinsk, where they underwent static and fatigue tests in a special docking chamber.
The Project 945 nuclear submarine is designed to combat not only enemy missile submarines, but also surface ships from aircraft carrier formations and strike groups. The increase in combat potential was achieved through the strengthening of missile, torpedo and torpedo weapons, progress in the development of detection, target designation, communications, navigation systems, the introduction of information and control systems, as well as improving the main tactical and technical elements - speed, diving depth, maneuverability, stealth, reliability and survivability.
The Project 945 submarine is designed with a double-hull design. The lightweight hull has an ellipsoidal bow and spindle-shaped aft end. The outboard openings are closed using scupper valves and seacocks on all main ballast tanks. The durable body has relatively simple shapes - a cylindrical middle part and conical ends. The end bulkheads are spherical. The design of fastening strong tanks to the hull eliminates bending stresses that arise when the boat is compressed at depth.

The boat's hull is divided into six waterproof compartments. There is an emergency purging system for two main ballast tanks using solid fuel combustion products.
The boat's crew is 31 officers and 28 midshipmen, for whom relatively good living conditions have been created. The nuclear submarine is equipped with a pop-up rescue chamber capable of accommodating its entire crew.
Main power plant with a rated power of 43,000 hp. With. includes one OK-650A water-cooled reactor (180 mW) and one gear-steam unit. The OK-650A reactor has four steam generators, two circulation pumps for the first and fourth circuits, and three pumps for the third circuit. The steam single-shaft block steam turbine plant has a wide redundancy of mechanization components. The boat is equipped with two AC turbo generators, two feed pumps and two condenser pumps. To serve DC consumers, there are two groups of batteries and two reversible converters.

The seven-blade propeller has improved hydroacoustic characteristics and a reduced rotation speed.
In the event of failure of the main power plant, emergency sources of electricity and backup means of propulsion are provided for its subsequent commissioning. There are two DG-300 diesel generators with reversible converters (2 x 750 hp) with a fuel reserve for 10 days of operation. They are designed to generate direct current for propulsion electric motors and alternating current for general ship consumers.

To ensure movement underwater at a speed of up to 5 knots, the nuclear submarine is equipped with two DC propulsion motors with a power of 370 kW, each of which drives its own propeller.
The boat is equipped with the MGK-503 Skat sonar system (with analog information processing). The Molniya-M communications complex includes a satellite communications system and a towed Paravan antenna.
The missile and torpedo armament complex and the combat information and control system provide single and salvo firing without restrictions on the depth of immersion (up to the maximum). In the bow of the hull there are four 533 mm and two 650 mm caliber TAs. The ammunition load includes up to 40 weapons - missile-torpedoes and torpedoes. Alternative option - up to 42 minutes.
In the West, the boats were called Sierra. A further development of the Project 945 boat was the nuclear submarine project 945A(cipher "Condor"). Its main difference from the ships of the previous series was the changed composition of the armament, which included six 533-mm torpedo tubes.
The boat's ammunition included strategic Granat cruise missiles, designed to destroy ground targets at a range of up to 3,000 km. The boat was also equipped with eight sets of Igla self-defense MANPADS.

The number of waterproof compartments has increased to seven. The boat received an improved power plant with a capacity of 48,000 hp. with OK-650B reactor (190 mW). Two thrusters (370 hp each) were placed in the retractable columns. In terms of the level of unmasking signs (noise and magnetic field), the Project 945A boat became the most inconspicuous in the Soviet fleet.
The nuclear submarine was equipped with an improved SSC Skat-KS with digital signal processing. The complex included a low-frequency extended towed antenna located in a container located on the vertical tail. The ship was equipped with the Symphony communications complex.

The first improved ship, K-534 "Zubatka", was laid down in Sormovo in June 1986, launched in July 1988 and entered service on December 28, 1990. In 1986, "Zubatka" was renamed "Pskov" . This was followed by the K-336 "Okun" (laid down in May 1990, launched in June 1992 and entered service in 1993). In 1995, this nuclear submarine was also renamed Nizhny Novgorod.
The fifth nuclear submarine, built according to an improved project 945B(“Mars”) and its characteristics practically meet the requirements for 4th generation boats, it was cut on the slipway in 1993.

On February 11, 1992, off the island of Kildin, in Russian territorial waters, K-276 collided with the American nuclear submarine Baton Rouge (Los Angeles type), which was trying to covertly monitor Russian ships in the exercise area. As a result of the collision, the “Crab” escaped with damage to the wheelhouse (which had ice reinforcements). The situation of the American nuclear-powered ship turned out to be much more difficult; it barely managed to reach the base, after which it was decided not to repair the boat, but to withdraw it from the fleet.
All submarine cruisers of projects 945 and 945A currently continue to serve in the Northern Fleet as part of the 1st submarine flotilla (based at Ara-Guba).

Collision of the nuclear submarine K-276 (SF) with the nuclear submarine Baton Rouge (US Navy) on February 11, 1992.

Basic data of the nuclear submarine of project “945″Barracuda”, “Sierra” class:

Displacement: 5300 t / 7100 t.
Main dimensions:
length - 112.7 m
width - 11.2 m
draft - 8.5 m
Armament: 4 - 650 mm TA 4 - 533 mm TA
Speed: 18/35 knots.
Crew: 60 people, incl. 31 officers

Basic data of the nuclear submarine Baton Rouge (No. 689), Los Angeles type:

Displacement: 6000 t / 6527 t.
Main dimensions: length - 109.7 m
width - 10.1 m
draft - 9.89 m.
Armament: 4 - 533 mm TA, Harpoon anti-ship missiles.
Speed: more than 30 knots underwater.
Crew: 133 people.

The Russian nuclear torpedo submarine was at a combat training range near the Rybachy Peninsula, in Russian territorial waters. The submarine was commanded by Captain 2nd Rank I. Loktev. The crew of the boat passed the second course task (the so-called “L-2”) and the submarine followed at a depth of 22.8 meters. The American nuclear-powered submarine carried out reconnaissance missions and monitored its Russian “brother”, following at a depth of about 15 meters. In the process of maneuvering, the acoustics of the American boat lost contact with the Sierra, and since there were five fishing vessels in the area, the noise of the propellers of which was similar to the noise of the propellers of a nuclear submarine, the commander of the Baton Rouge decided at 20 hours 8 minutes to surface to periscope depth and figure out environment. At that moment, the Russian boat was lower than the American one and at 20:13 it also began to ascend to conduct a communication session with the shore. The fact that Russian hydroacoustics were tracking their ship was not detected, and at 20:16 a submarine collision occurred. During the collision, "Kostroma" rammed the bottom of the American "filer" with its wheelhouse. Only the low speed of the Russian boat and the shallow depth during ascent allowed the American submarine to avoid death. Traces of a collision remained on the deckhouse of the Kostroma, which made it possible to identify the violator of the territorial waters. The Pentagon was forced to admit its involvement in the incident.

Photo of Kostroma after the collision:

As a result of the collision, Kostroma damaged its wheelhouse fence and was soon repaired. There were no casualties on our side. Baton Rouge was completely disabled. One American sailor died.
However, a good thing is the titanium case. At the moment, there are 4 such buildings in the Northern Fleet: Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, Pskov and Karp.

And here is what our leaders, our professionals, wrote about the analysis of this incident:

Reasons for the collision of the submarine SF K - 276 with the submarine "BATON ROUGE" of the US Navy

1.Objective:

Violation of Russian territorial waters by foreign submarines

Incorrect classification of submarine noise due to the alleged use of equipment for masking the acoustic field as RT noise (GNATS).

2. Disadvantages in organizing surveillance:

Poor quality analysis of information on the OI and the recorder of the 7A-1 GAK MGK-500 device (the fact of observing a collision object was not revealed - target N-14 at a minimum distance in terms of the S/P ratio in various frequency ranges)

Unjustifiably large (up to 10 min) gaps in measuring bearings to the target, which did not allow the use of methods for clarifying the distance to the target based on the VIP value

Incompetent use of active and passive means on the course of listening to stern heading angles, which led to the use of the entire time spent on this course only for the work of P/N echo direction finding, and in the ShP mode the horizon remained virtually unlistened

Weak leadership of the SAC operators on the part of the SAC commander, which led to an incomplete analysis of information and erroneous classification of the target.

3. Disadvantages in the activities of the crew "GKP-BIP-SHTURMAN":

The estimated time for clearing the horizon at courses of 160 and 310 degrees, which led to a short time spent on these courses and the creation of suboptimal conditions for the work of SAC operators;

Poor quality documentation of the situation and measured MPCs;

Lack of organization of secondary classification of goals;

The commander of the warhead-7 did not fulfill his responsibilities for issuing recommendations to the submarine commander for special maneuvering to clarify the control center in accordance with Article 59 of the RRTS-1;

The danger of a collision with a low-noise, short-range maneuvering target was not identified.
As always, our calculations GKP-BIP-SHTURMAN are to blame. And no one cared about the technical capabilities of our acoustics at that time. Of course, conclusions were drawn from the accident. But they were made not in the direction of improving the quality of our technical means of observation, but in the direction of the appearance of a bunch of different “instructions” about what is allowed and what is not allowed, so that it would be better and so that suddenly again we would not accidentally ram our “friends” into our tervodakh.

An asterisk on the wheelhouse with a “one” inside indicates one damaged enemy ship. This is how stars were painted during World War II.

Our country's submarine fleet has always represented a force that could not be ignored. After the collapse of the USSR, the development program of the submarine fleet in Russia slowed down for well-known reasons. However, since the 2000s, such a breakthrough has been made in this regard that even many foreign experts were surprised by the changes taking place. At the same time, the Russian leadership is not going to stop there. We will not reveal all the secrets of modernization and the creation of new submarine projects; we will only talk about those Russian submarines that, according to our overseas partners, are the main threat to them.
"Pike-B"
The first place in this list is occupied by nuclear submarines of Project 971 “Shchuka-B” (aka “Akula” according to NATO classification). They belong to the third generation boats and began entering service with the fleet in 1984. The latest advanced modifications pose a particular danger. Multi-purpose "Pikes" are designed to intercept enemy submarines, protect their own and destroy other surface ships. In addition to eight torpedo tubes capable of firing torpedoes, rocket-torpedoes, as well as installations for launching cruise missiles (including those with nuclear warheads), no less important “weapons” of the “Akula” are its stealth and low noise.
"Halibut" and "Varshavyanka"
The second and third positions are occupied by the sister submarines Halibut (Project 877) and Varshavyanka (Project 636). Both types are the quietest in their class; the Varshavyanka even received the nickname “Black Hole” in NATO. The designers initially (the main project was created in the 70s of the last century) were given the task of creating a submarine that was guaranteed to emerge victorious in a duel situation. That is, she had to detect and destroy the enemy submarine before it understood anything. And this task was completed. The Halibut is armed with six torpedo tubes, and the Varshavyanka (these submarines of the latest version are being built today for the Black Sea Fleet) also has launchers for firing Caliber cruise missiles. Both types of submarines are readily purchased abroad. Our Halibuts and Varshavyankas are already serving in Algeria, Vietnam, India, and China.
"Borey"
The Project 955 strategic submarine missile carrier Borei was also included in the list of storms of the seas. This is the first submarine entirely designed and built in post-Soviet Russia. The Borei is armed with ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads and torpedo tubes capable of firing an entire arsenal of weapons to destroy surface and underwater ships. The nuclear reactor provides the submarine with an underwater speed of up to 30 knots; it is capable of diving to a depth of 480 m and staying under water for 90 days. Three boats of this class are already in service with the Russian Navy and are capable of performing their assigned mission anywhere in the World Ocean. By 2020, the Russian Ministry of Defense plans to put eight more Boreevs into service.
"Ash"
Well, the latest nuclear submarine of Project 885 “Ash” closes the list of “thunderstorms from under the water”. This is the most modern and most expensive Russian nuclear-powered multi-purpose submarine of the fourth generation. The first ship "Severodvinsk" entered the Northern Fleet in 2014. Sufficiently powerful weapons (homing torpedoes and cruise missiles with a firing range of up to 400 miles) allow the Yasen to hit targets underwater, on the water and on land equally effectively.
The boat's hull is made of low-magnetic steel and covered with rubber, which makes it invisible to the enemy. The huge spherical antenna of the hydroacoustic complex, located in the bow of the submarine, allows sailors to hear the enemy ship long before it detects them. An underwater speed of 35 knots, the ability to dive to 600 m and stay under water for up to 100 days make the Yaseni a very powerful and modern weapon.

On March 19, 1906, by decree of Emperor Nicholas II, the submarine forces of the Baltic Sea were created with the first formation of submarines based in the Libau naval base. This day is considered the official date of birth of the submarine forces of the Russian fleet.

Submarine forces- a striking force of the fleet, capable of covertly and quickly deploying in the required directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets.

Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant into nuclear and diesel-electric. In 2006, then Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Masorin, stated that the basis of the submarine forces of the Russian Navy in the future would be four types of submarines:

• strategic nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles (SSBN) or (SSBN) type "Yuri Dolgoruky" and "Alexander Nevsky";
• multi-purpose nuclear submarine with cruise missiles (PLAT and MPLATRK) "Severodvinsk" type;
• attack diesel electric submarine (DPL and DPLRK) type "Lada" and "Varshavyanka";
• The fourth type of submarines is nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines (SSGNs) of the Krasnodar type.

Russia builds boats of all main classes, including the expensive Project 885 Yasen nuclear submarines (Severodvinsk type).

According to open sources, as of 2006, the Russian Federation’s submarine fleet included 12 strategic missile submarines (SSBNs). This is a Project 667 nuclear submarine of the Delta 3 and Delta 4 types. Each of them is equipped with 16-20 ballistic missiles. They are part of Russia's maritime triad of nuclear deterrent forces and carry a third of the total number of 192 intercontinental missiles (672 nuclear warheads).

The Navy also has 35 multi-purpose missile and torpedo nuclear submarines of projects 949 Granit type and 971 Akula type. Their tasks include both escorting strategic submarines and striking sea and coastal targets.

There are about 25 types of diesel electric submarines. According to the plans of the Ministry of Defense, by the end of 2010 there should have been no more than a dozen of them left. However, in 2005, the head of the department for orders and supplies of ships, naval weapons and military equipment of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Rear Admiral Anatoly Shlemov, made a statement that the series of new diesel-electric submarines of Project 677 “Lada” for the Russian Navy should consist of 50 units. According to him, “all four fleets need diesel submarines, especially the Baltic and Black Sea, where there is no place for nuclear ones.” The modernized Lada and Varshavyanka submarines are increasingly being exported to third world countries, as price, size and operational complexity make nuclear submarines available only to a limited number of countries.

Which country has the largest submarine fleet? June 3rd, 2015

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It would seem that we can roughly estimate and say which country will have the largest number of submarines. But I didn't succeed. Maybe you can do it?

Think and say. Which? And under the cut, in reverse order, there will be the TOP 10 countries by the number of submarine fleets...

Every year, countries spend billions of dollars on their militaries. The armies, air forces and navies receive generous amounts of funding to maintain existing levels of combat readiness while developing and purchasing new weapons. Over the past few centuries, the powers of the world have quickly realized the importance and necessity of the navy. Not only a symbol of power and wealth, a strong navy can project power, be used as a political tool, protect commercial lines, and transport troops anywhere in the world.

For many nations, one of the most important and versatile components of their navies is the submarine. The first submarine was built in the 17th century. Over the next few hundred years, the submarine went through a large number of evolutions, greatly improving its mobility, practicality, lethality and overall capabilities. Today, submarines are a formidable force that terrifies a potential enemy. Today we look at the 10 largest submarine fleets in the world. This list is based on the total number of diesel-electric and nuclear boats owned by the state.

10. South Korea - 14 submarines.

Starting this list is the South Korean submarine fleet. The Republic of Korea Navy currently operates a fleet of 14 diesel-electric submarines. Currently, 12 of these submarines are German submarine Type 209 and Type 214, while two midget submarines are built in Korea. The small Type 214 boat has eight torpedo tubes and the ability to fire anti-ship missiles and mines.

9. Türkiye - 14 submarines.

All Turkish Navy submarines are diesel-electric boats and belong to the German Type 209 variant. These submarines are among the most exported types. Costing approximately $290 million, the Type 209 is capable of firing Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Starting next year, the Turkish Navy plans to replace the Type 209 with more modern German Type 214 diesel-electric submarines.

8. Israel - 14 submarines.

When you think of a maritime power, Israel certainly does not come to mind. From a military point of view, most people see Israel as a land power. Yet it is known that the Israeli Navy currently has 14 submarines (although most online sources report lower numbers). The most famous boats here are the Dolphin. Built in Germany since 1998, the Dolphin-class submarines are diesel-electric and are capable of carrying and firing Israeli nuclear weapons.

7. Japan - 16 submarines.

Today, Japan's submarine force consists of diesel-electric submarines. The oldest of them was built in 1994. Japan's newest submarines are the Soryu class. They are created using the latest technology, have a range of 11,000 kilometers and can fire missiles, torpedoes and mines.

6 India - 17 submarines.

Currently, the vast majority of India's submarine force consists of diesel-electric submarines built in Russian and German shipyards. These vessels have enabled India to project its power in coastal waters and the Indian Ocean for the past 25 years. More recently, steps have been taken to create an Indian nuclear submarine fleet. Russia's lease of an Akula-class submarine and India's development of its nuclear weapons program are clear signs that India would like to significantly expand the capabilities of its submarine fleet. Given the time and cost involved in building nuclear submarines, it is likely that diesel-electric boats will remain the backbone of the Indian Navy for the next few years.

5 Iran – 31 submarines.

No, that's not a typo, Iran actually currently has the fifth largest submarine fleet in the world. Over the past few years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has begun developing new surface ships and submarines. The submarine force has been, and largely remains, focused on coastal and Gulf operations. The most modern submarines are three Russian-made diesel-electric Kilo class submarines. Built in the 1990s, these submarines provide Iran with a patrol capability of more than 11,000 kilometers and pose a real threat to any naval forces approaching Iranian shores.

4. Russia – 65 submarines.

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With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the Soviet Navy, like most Soviet military forces, was underfunded and under-maintained. Over the past few years, this situation has changed, as Russia seeks to reform and modernize its armed forces. The Russian Navy's submarine fleet is one of the branches of the armed forces that has benefited from this reform. Russia has about 30 nuclear submarines. New submarines are now being actively built, and it is likely that the submarine forces of the Russian Navy will soon be able to improve their position on this list in the coming years.

3 China - 69 submarines.

Over the past 30 years, China's military has undergone a program of massive expansion and modernization. In addition to the ground and air forces, the submarine fleet has undergone significant development to expand its capabilities. China currently has about 50 diesel-electric submarines, which form the backbone of its submarine fleet. In addition, China has several nuclear ballistic missile submarines as a nuclear deterrent.

2 USA – 72 submarines.

The US Navy's submarine force is, surprisingly, not the first on this list. However, despite the fact that America has the second largest submarine fleet in the world, nevertheless, perhaps, they have the most powerful submarine fleet. Currently, the vast majority of US submarines are nuclear-powered, which means they are limited only by the amount of food and water they can carry when conducting ocean operations. Currently, the most numerous submarines are the Los Angeles class, of which about 40 are in service. Built between 1970 and 1990, the Los Angeles-class submarine costs about $1 billion, displaces nearly 7,000 tons, and can dive to depths of more than 300 meters. However, the US has now begun to replace these Cold War-era boats with new and more modern Virginia-class submarines at a cost of approximately $2.7 billion.

1 North Korea - 78 submarines.

The Korean People's Army Navy ranks first on this list, with 78 submarines. All North Korean submarines are diesel-electric and all displace less than 1,800 tons. The potential danger of this force was demonstrated in 2010 when a small 130-ton Yono-class submarine sank the South Korean corvette Cheonan. However, North Korea's submarines are largely considered obsolete. The bulk of the submarine fleet consists of old Soviet-era boats and small home-built coastal submarines. North Korean small submarines are very good at operating in shallow waters and riverbeds. During war, they can be used for mining, reconnaissance in enemy harbors and transporting special forces to enemy shores.