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Intelligence and its development. What is intelligence - signs of high intelligence and the most intelligent people in the world |
The level of intellectual development, or IQ, is characterized by indicators of the brain. In order to calculate the value, you must pass a scientific test. It can be found on the Internet or in the relevant sections of books on increasing intelligence. IQ includes memory, logical thinking, perception (visual, auditory, olfactory), etc. The modern world leaves its mark on society. All more people want to increase the coefficient, despite possible difficulties. Let's consider effective methods in order. Method number 1. Expand your horizons
Method number 2. Watch
Method number 3. Strive for more
Method number 4. Change your perspective on familiar things
Method No. 5. Play sports
Method number 6. Read
Method No. 7. Learn the art of self-expression
Method No. 8. Monitor your IQ
It is difficult to increase the level of intellectual development, but the procedure cannot be called impossible. Expand your horizons, learn something new every day. Always strive for more, don't stand still. Learn to express yourself, play sports, check your IQ regularly. Video: how to increase your child’s IQ
What is intelligence, and how its presence affects the successful realization of personality - interesting topic for psychologists and people seeking to develop personal knowledge. How to become an intellectual and whether the human brain has a framework that gives clear signals about a sufficient level of knowledge and acquired experience, a question with a philosophical or logical conclusion - each person decides for himself. What is human intelligence?The word intellect comes from the Latin term Intellectus, which translated means knowledge, understanding. Intelligence is the ability of a person to mentally perceive easily and in large quantities, the tendency to quickly solve complex problems, life situations, with the help of active brain activity - through inferences, logical conclusions. An assessment of a person’s level of knowledge is called intelligence quotient; it is calculated using special methods and tests. The mental quotient can be much higher than a person’s real age; the average knowledge of peers serves as the basis for conclusions about the level of intelligence - mental age. The average IQ is 100 points, indicators with values of 90 or 110 are acceptable norms. People whose IQ is above 110 are highly intelligent individuals, and IQ scores at 70 are intellectual disabilities, in negative side. At the age of up to 5 years, the level of intelligence does not differ; it is generally accepted that the main factor that forms intellectual inclinations is transmitted hereditarily. ![]() Intelligence in psychologyIn psychology, thinking and intelligence are similar processes of mental activity. Thinking is the tendency to analyze, build logical conclusions on acquired knowledge. Intelligence is the ability to implement acquired knowledge, the result of thinking leading to rational actions. A person can read several encyclopedias and possess a large amount of information, but not apply them in practice; the presence of intelligence is evidence of the realized actions of an individual, based on knowledge, characterizing success in society. What is artificial intelligence?Many people are interested in the question of what synthetic intelligence is. Artificial intelligence is a human-created system that analyzes information and reproduces thinking processes that are similar in their effect on impulses occurring in the human brain. The branch of science that creates and studies such intelligence is called computer science. Habitual modern systems automatic control (computer, robot, car navigator) are perceived an ordinary person as the concept of intelligence with artificial thinking, aimed at performing certain functions. What is the difference between an intellectual and an intellectual?Often, the concepts of intelligentsia and intellectuals are mixed into one type psychological behavior. Characteristic feature personality that distinguishes an intelligent person - high level good manners and cultural behavior, not only in society but also in any situation that does not attract attention. Intellectuals have a high level of education and earn money through mental work, are responsive to others, the intelligentsia is a part of society professionally engaged in educational and scientific work. Intellectuals are characterized by a high level of encyclopedic knowledge, including different areas. The behavior of an intellectual in society can differ significantly from that of an intelligent person, and cause negative emotions, but the most valuable contributions to the development of various scientific fields were made by people with high IQ, important public discoveries were also made by intellectuals. What are intellectual disabilities?A person’s intelligence may decline; its level depends on congenital or acquired defects in the structure of the brain. Congenital mental retardation is called dementia, acquired mental retardation is called senile dementia, oligophrenia. A decrease in intelligence can be a consequence of complex depression; it can develop after functional loss of organs (loss of hearing, vision) when a person does not receive information from external sources. ![]() Types of intelligenceThe innate abilities of an individual can become the basis on which a person can successfully develop abilities - choose a favorite profession, successfully realize one’s life plans. What is intelligence - in the average individual several talents develop harmoniously, but there is only one leader, the natural inclinations of a person are conventionally divided into the main types of intelligence:
Signs of High IntelligenceHigh intelligence is often hidden behind modest behavior, which has been proven in studies scientific experiments. It has not yet been possible to develop a method that accurately characterizes a highly intelligent person. A list of characteristics characteristic of individuals whose IQ level is above the statistical average has been compiled. The method for determining intelligent people based on these indicators is conditional:
![]() How to increase intelligence?The development of intelligence is a systematic habit, one might say a lifestyle. By increasing intelligence, a person trains his memory every day, comprehends new knowledge and applies it in practice. How to give up the habit of watching TV, it entails invisible clogging of memory with useless information. Eat low-calorie food - food that is heavy on the stomach takes energy away from the brain, requiring expenditure in the digestive tract. Great for increasing IQ levels:
Games that develop intelligenceRegular brain training to gain new knowledge can be done in a passive way - reading books, studying scientific facts, a way of remembering. Experts in the field of intellectual studies have developed games that develop thinking and intelligence. IN modern world, most of these techniques have been transformed into computer games, and debates are ongoing about the benefits or uselessness of such memory training. It has been proven that systematically counting money expenses in your mind trains your memory even in adulthood. Habitual activities that increase intelligence:
Books that develop intelligenceReading works of art increases the level of intellectual knowledge, and the study of scientific literature contributes to increased level concentration - the ability to remember and analyze unknown details develops. Modern books for the development of intelligence, they have visual training and puzzles that significantly develop intellectual abilities. Books to increase intelligence: ![]() Intelligence is a person’s ability to act purposefully, think rationally and achieve certain results. This ability is necessary when various difficulties and problems in a person's life. This could be a math problem, the ability to make quick decisions and act in a dangerous situation. The development of intellectual abilities predetermines both heredity and the development of mental functions. The concept of intelligence includes such types of mental activity as memory, perception, thinking, speech, attention, which are prerequisites cognitive activity, the ability to make maximum use of previously acquired experience, perform analysis and synthesis, improve skills and increase knowledge. The better the memory and thinking, the higher the intelligence. Creative abilities, social adaptation, and the ability to solve psychological problems are important for the level of intelligence. Psychologists use the concept of fluid and crystallized intelligence to determine age-related changes in intellectual abilities. Crystallized, or concrete, intelligence is speech skills, knowledge and the ability to apply one's knowledge in practice or in scientific activity. Fluid, or abstract, intelligence is the ability to think abstractly, draw conclusions and the ability to use them. With age, a person’s fluid intelligence decreases, while crystallized intelligence, on the contrary, increases. Is it possible to influence the development of intelligence?In the first ten years of a person's life, intelligence gradually increases. This can be easily verified by taking an age-appropriate test. The intelligence of a person aged 18-20 reaches its peak, although, of course, a person improves his mental skills throughout his life, learns, gains experience, etc. The level of intellectual development can be predicted relatively early - even in early childhood. Many researchers in the field of physiology and psychology believe that the intellectual abilities of a 5-year-old child are half the abilities of an adult, and the intellectual development of an 8-year-old child reaches 80% of the mental development of an adult. During the first 18 months of a child’s life, nothing can be said about his future intelligence, but already at this time it is necessary to develop the child’s mental abilities. The development of a child’s intelligence is influenced not only by heredity, but also by external factors. Therefore, the development of a child’s mental abilities can be purposefully stimulated. Its formation is positively influenced by attention, care and human warmth, as well as stimulation of the child’s activity, creativity and social contacts. It is noted that the mental abilities of children and young people growing up in a negative social environment are definitely lower than those growing up in a favorable social environment. Serious mental development disorders are possible with damage to the cerebral cortex and various mental illnesses. Human mental development is determined by inherited genetic information and external factors environment (upbringing, education, etc.). Some scientists believe that about 50-60% of a person’s mental thinking depends on the environment. However, this is contradicted by the results of studies of homozygous (identical) twins. Today, many scientists claim that intelligence is almost 90% heritable. Human mental abilities can be developed. To do this, you need to engage in mental activity and read more. It is important that the training method is appropriate to the person’s age. If a 4-year-old child is not a child prodigy, then he should not be taught to solve complex problems. IQIntelligence quotient (IQ) is the established ratio of a person’s intellectual age (IA) and age (HA) during special testing. The test results are assessed according to the average value characteristic of this age group of people, using the formula IQ = IV: HF x 100. Which IQ is high and which is low? There are many tests and tables with different meanings, below is a generally accepted IQ level table:
Many of us have heard the expression “human IQ.” This term is used when we're talking about about the abilities of the individual, his mental development. The concept of “IQ” is the intelligence quotient. It is an assessment of the level of ability in comparison with the average intelligence of a person of the same age as the subject. To determine the level, you must pass a special test for logic, flexibility of thinking, the ability to quickly count and identify patterns. A little historyThe concept of “intelligence quotient IQ” was first formulated in 1912 by Wilhelm Stern. This is a very famous psychologist and philosopher. He proposed using the result of dividing actual age by intellectual age as the main indicator of the level of development. After him, in 1916, this concept was used in the Stanford-Benet intelligence scale. Gradually, people began to take an active interest in their level of intelligence, so a huge number of various tests and scales were invented that made it possible to find out its coefficient. The creation of numerous tests led to the fact that many of them were unreliable, so it is quite difficult to compare the results of different tests. How to determine the level of intelligence? Today, in many schools, children are tested to find out their level of intelligence. The development of the Internet has contributed to the fact that people, including adults, can easily get tested online. How to find out your IQTo determine the IQ value, special tests were developed. There are two types:
The measurement technique is the same for all options, only the level of difficulty of the questions changes. Each test has a certain number of questions and a limited time to complete them. They are designed so that the results, which are described by a probability distribution, show an average IQ of 100. The values are grouped according to the following scheme:
The tasks in the tests are varied, the complexity of each subsequent task increases. There are problems for logical and spatial thinking, knowledge of mathematics, attentiveness, and the ability to find a pattern. Naturally, the more correct answers a person gives, the higher the assessment of his level of intelligence will be. The tests are designed for different age groups, so the indicators of a teacher and a 12-year-old student can be the same, because the development of each of them will correspond to his age. Today on the Internet you can find a huge number of different tests that offer to find out your level of knowledge and intelligence. But most of them were not developed by professionals, so they are unlikely to show reliable results. To find out your level of intelligence you need to use professional tests, such as:
Main influencing factorsThe human mind is quite difficult to define and measure. Intelligence is a combination of knowledge, skills and abilities that accumulate throughout a person's life. Our intelligence is based on several important factors that influence its coefficient:
All this, to one degree or another, affects the mental development of the child. GeneticsScientists have long begun to explore the question of how much the level of intelligence IQ depends on genes. For more than a century, studies have been conducted on the influence of genes on mental abilities, which have shown that the percentage of dependence is in the range of 40-80%. The level of intelligence in a person depends on the structure of the brain and its functionality. These two factors are key. Differences in parietal-frontal brain regions different people talking about at different levels their IQ. The higher the level of functionality of the frontal areas of the brain, the better it can work: perceive and remember information, solve various problems. Genetic factors represent the potential that is passed on from parents to the child. They are little studied, but they carry important function for the development of mental abilities. Chromosomal abnormalities that are inherited also affect the level of intelligence. For example, Down's disease, which is characterized by weak mental development child. Quite often it occurs in children whose parents belong to the older age group. Illnesses during pregnancy also affect the baby's mind. For example, rubella, which an expectant mother suffers from, can lead to negative consequences for the baby: loss of hearing, vision, low level of intelligence. Influence of nutritionThe level of intelligence depends on what exactly we eat in the first years of life, and what the expectant mother ate during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Proper and nutritious nutrition has a positive effect on brain development. The more useful substances, vitamins and microelements will be consumed by the child through the mother and the next few years after birth, the larger the size of the cerebral velum will be. It is responsible for learning and memory. Consumption has a positive effect large quantity fatty acids. Scientists have conducted studies that have proven that if a woman consumes a lot of fatty acids during pregnancy, then children will be significantly ahead of others in their development. UpbringingEducation is one of the key factors in the development of mental abilities. Even if a person is by nature genetically predisposed to a high IQ level, due to the lack of proper upbringing and quality education, the coefficient will not be higher than average. Education includes many factors:
To study the influence of upbringing, academics separated twins and placed them in different environments. After all, if intelligence is biological concept, then in theory it should be the same for twins, regardless of living conditions. This is wrong. Studies have shown that children who live in orphanages have lower intelligence levels. Also, the indicator depends on how the parents treat the child: do they behave additional mugs, make them study music, draw, and instill a love for logic games. Family birth orderThis issue has been studied for a long time, but scientists have not been able to come to a common conclusion regarding the influence of the order of birth of a child and the number of children in the family on their mental abilities. Many studies have shown that first-born children are more mentally developed than other children. In history, most astronauts, presidents, scientists and famous political figures were firstborn. Many people are interested in the question of why this happens. Birth order is not a judgment. The biggest impact is that a family with one child can devote more time, attention and resources to learning. Testing has shown that first-born children are only 3 points ahead of other children. EnvironmentWhether we can use all the capabilities of our brain depends only on us: on our lifestyle, the presence of bad habits. Various diets and toxins affect the development of intelligence throughout life. If the expectant mother smokes, drinks, or uses drugs, the child is unlikely to be healthy. A person’s mental performance may deteriorate if he drinks or poisons his own body.
Some interesting facts about IQ:
IQ valuesThe highest level of intelligence is achieved by mathematician Terence Tao from Australia. He has a coefficient above 200 points. This is very rare, because most people barely reach 100. Almost all Nobel Prize winners have a high IQ - above 150 points. It is these people who help technology develop, actively participate in research, make various discoveries, study space and physical phenomena.
Let's look at all possible intelligence indicators of IQ tests:
The result should not be taken as a single truthful authority. After all, the indicator depends on many factors: environment, heredity, lifestyle, place of residence, religion. The highest IQ level is for an Australian mathematician, the author of the Green-Tao theorem, his name is Terence Tao. Getting results above 200 points is a very rare occurrence, because most of the inhabitants of our planet barely score 100 points. People with extremely high IQs (over 150) can be found among Nobel laureates. It is these people who move science forward and make discoveries in various professional fields. Among them are the American writer Marilyn vos Savant, astrophysicist Christopher Hirata, phenomenal reader Kim Pik, who can read a page of text in a few seconds, Briton Daniel Tammet, who memorizes thousands of numbers, Kim Ung-Yong, who already studied at the university at the age of 3, and other famous personalities with amazing abilities. How is a person's IQ formed?IQ level is influenced by several factors, including heredity, environment (family, school, social status of a person). The test result is also significantly influenced by the age of the test taker. At the age of 26, as a rule, a person’s intelligence reaches its peak, and then only declines. It is worth noting that some people with exceptionally high IQ Everyday life were completely helpless. For example, Kim Pik could not fasten the buttons on his clothes. Moreover, not everyone had such talent from birth. Daniel Tammet gained his ability to remember huge numbers of numbers after a terrible attack of epilepsy as a child. IQ level above 140People with IQ scores over 140 are the owners of excellent creativity who have achieved success in various scientific fields. Among famous personalities with an IQ test score of 140 – Bill Gates and Stephen Hawking. Such geniuses of their era are known for their outstanding abilities; they make an incredibly high contribution to the development of knowledge and science, creating new inventions and theories. Such people make up only 0.2% of the entire population. IQ level from 131 to 140Only three percent of the population has high IQ scores. Among famous people who have a similar test result are Nicole Kidman and Arnold Schwarzenegger. This successful people with high mental abilities, they can reach heights in various fields of activity, science and creativity. Want to see who is smarter - you or Schwarzenegger? IQ level from 121 to 130Only 6% of the population has an above average intellectual level. Such people are visible in universities, since they are usually excellent students in all disciplines, successfully graduate from universities, realize themselves in a variety of professions and achieve high results. IQ level from 111 to 120If you think that the average IQ level is around 110, then you are wrong. This indicator refers to above average intelligence. People with test scores between 111 and 120 are usually hard workers and strive for knowledge throughout their lives. There are about 12% of such people among the population. IQ level from 101 to 110IQ level from 91 to 100If you took the test and the result was less than 100 points, do not be upset, because this is the average for a quarter of the population. People with such intelligence indicators do well in school and universities, they get jobs in middle management and other professions that do not require significant mental effort. IQ level from 81 to 90A tenth of the population has a below average intelligence level. Their IQ test scores range from 81 to 90. These people usually do well in school, but often fail to earn higher education. They can work in the field of physical labor, in industries that do not require the use of intellectual abilities. IQ level from 71 to 80Another tenth of the population has an IQ level from 71 to 80, this is already a sign of mental retardation of a lesser degree. People with this result mostly visit special schools, but they can also finish regular primary school with average marks. IQ level from 51 to 70About 7% of people have a mild form of mental retardation and an IQ level of 51 to 70. They study at special institutions However, they are able to take care of themselves and are relatively full-fledged members of society. IQ level from 21 to 50About 2% of people on Earth have an intellectual development level of 21 to 50 points; they suffer from dementia, moderate mental retardation. Such people cannot learn, but are able to take care of themselves, but most often have guardians. IQ level up to 20People with severe mental retardation are not amenable to training and education, and have an intellectual development level of up to 20 points. They are under the care of other people because they cannot take care of themselves, and live in their own world. There are 0.2% of such people in the world. |
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