Current page: 3 (book has 8 pages total) [available reading passage: 2 pages]

Font:

100% +

§ 10. Do we need physical perfection?

Objective of the lesson. Be able to explain concepts: health, physical education, sports.

Science fiction writers write many books about how people will live in the future. Of course, they are concerned with the question: what will the person of the future look like? And some people portray this man as very unlikable. He has a large, egg-shaped head because his brain has become very enlarged. And the body is small and weak. Handles are like whips, legs are like twigs. The breast is narrow, like a chicken. Cause? Machines in the future will completely free man from all physical effort.

However, not everyone agrees that a person should weaken physically. After all, he is the master of his body. And the body should be beautiful, strong and resilient. Machines will free people from physical labor. Wonderful! Then everyone will be actively engaged physical education And sports!

Let's remember interesting examples from history. The peoples who made a great contribution to the general culture of mankind had a very caring attitude towards their health And physical development. From the history Ancient world you know that the ancient Greeks, for example, glorified strong, dexterous, resilient people, brave warriors, heroes. Everyone knows the hero Greek myths Hercules and his 12 labors. And the hero of Homer's poem "Iliad" Achilles, who embodied the ideal military valor… Exactly at Ancient Greece The Olympic Games were born. On them, the most dexterous and strong competed in short and long distance running, jumping, javelin and discus throwing, wrestling and chariot competition. The winner of the competition became the most respected person V hometown and throughout Greece.

Remember from the course "Art" ancient greek sculptures. They show how beautifully built the people were, often combining the courage and strength of a warrior and the wisdom of a person participating in government.

The 20th century became the century of sports. Russia has given the world many great athletes who are known far beyond its borders. Among them are Ivan Poddubny, Ivan Zaikin, Yuri Vlasov, Valery Kharlamov, Lev Yashin, Valery Brumel, Larisa Latynina, Olga Korbut and many, many others.

And today new Russia we need physically perfect, strong people who lead healthy image life. With such people, Russia will be able to revive and become a strong, powerful, prosperous power.

Now let's answer main question: what is it physical perfection? This is first of all absence of disease And bad habits, strength, agility, endurance, beauty And mental health.

* * *

1. How do some science fiction writers imagine the people of the future? Do you agree with them? Give examples from works fiction and films.

2. Tell us what place sport occupied in Ancient Greece. Remember from the history of the Ancient World what sports were included in the Olympic Games. Tell us about them.

3. What does physical perfection include? Complete the diagram given in the paragraph with your own indicators.

4 * . Do you consider yourself physically perfect? What is characteristic of you? What would you like to achieve?

5. Name bad habits that are harmful to human health. Give examples from life.

Discuss in class

He who has health has hope, and he who has hope has everything ( Arabic proverb).

The healthiest and most beautiful, well-proportioned people are those who are not irritated by anything ( G. Lichtenberg, German writer).

Researching what we read*

Health so outweighs all other blessings of life that a truly healthy beggar is happier than a sick king.

(A. Schopenhauer, German philosopher)

1. What is the main idea of ​​the statement?

3. What gives a person good health? What are the possibilities? Give examples from life.

4. Do you think a person receives good health at birth or consciously acquires it later?

5. If necessary healthy person take care of your health?

6 * . What do you do to stay healthy? Tell me.

Reflecting on what has happened

1. Is it possible for everyone to be physically perfect? What should be done for this?

2*. Is it reasonable for women to participate in “male” sports – boxing, weight lifting, wrestling, etc.? Justify your opinion and give examples from life.

3. Why is health considered one of the main qualities of human life?

4. Highlight the values ​​of a healthy lifestyle.

Bad habits, healthy lifestyle.

Lesson vocabulary

Health- the natural state of a person, which is characterized by his harmony with environment and absence of disease.

Sport– means and method physical education person, which also contributes to the moral, aesthetic and harmonious development of the individual.

Physical training- this is part general culture society and man. It is aimed at strengthening human health and developing his physical abilities.

§ 11. Workshop 2

I. Topics for discussions and project activities

1. What are the functions of the family? Give examples from life.

2. Is it possible for there to be only one language and one national culture on Earth?

3 * . Why are customs less preserved in Western countries than in the East? Give examples using additional literature and Internet resources.

4. What is health? Should it be protected? How do you do it?

5. How do bad habits affect human health? Give examples.

II. Analyzing the document

Constitution Russian Federation (Extracts)

Article 41

1. Everyone has the right to health care and medical care<…>

2. In the Russian Federation, federal programs for the protection and promotion of public health are financed, measures are taken to develop state, municipal, and private health care systems, activities that contribute to the strengthening of human health, development physical culture and sports, environmental and sanitary-epidemiological well-being.

1. Why does the Constitution of the Russian Federation enshrine the right of citizens to health care? What does this indicate?

2 * . What specific measures taken by the state to protect the health of citizens can you name?

3. Is public health one of the core values ​​of society? Why?

4. Is it necessary to develop professional sports in the country? What are we doing for this? How do we prepare for Olympic Games 2014, which will be held in Sochi?

5. Can government policy in the field of health be beneficial if people themselves simply do not take care of their health and do not even do simple exercises in the morning?

III. Filling out the table

Bring and compare distinctive features customs, traditions and habits.

1 . Indicate what their common features are.

2. Give features of these concepts and specific examples.

3. Tell us in detail about one of the customs.

4. Does your family have their own traditions? How do you support them?

IV. Making a diagram

Give factors influencing human health.

1. Classify all factors influencing human health based on whether they depend on the person or not.

2. What factors are personal? Why?

3. List which factors do not depend on a person. Describe them.

4. Can a person get rid of bad habits? Give examples from life.

5. What does human health depend on?

V. Working with tests

1. Choose the correct answer from four.

TO cultural heritage do not include:

1) fairy tales and epics

2) ruins of ancient buildings

3) creations of masters

4) fields and groves

2. Are the following judgments about a person’s bad habits true?

A. Smoking is the enemy of human health.

B. Alcoholism contributes to personality degradation.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

3. Make your own tests on the topics covered.

VI. Writing an essay

Write short story about a custom or tradition that exists in your country small homeland or in the family.

Chapter II. Citizen and law

§ 12. What is a citizen?

Lesson Objective. Be able to explain concepts: citizen, citizenship.

Before we find out who is called a citizen, let's listen to the story about the “cautious crucian carp”.

Once upon a time there lived a cautious crucian carp. He lived, comfortably hiding in the mud, where even his relatives had difficulty finding him, not to mention the terrible pikes and perches. Sometimes someone told him: “Lean out, darling, walk around the world, stretch your bones, show your strength and prowess.” “No,” the crucian carp answered them, “there, without the mud, it’s somehow uncomfortable, scary. Well, when the pike comes. How to deal with it?

“You’re an eccentric,” they told him, “if people like you sit forever in their cozy mud, the pikes will multiply so much that we, brave fish, will not be able to live from them. I would go out and take part in public life... I would go to vote..."

“What,” thought the crucian carp, “maybe I should really show myself? Become a kind of people's tribune, a herald of a bright future. Look, other crucians will follow me. Then they will be elected to parliament, and then nominated for president over all the little fish...” I was just about to get out of the mud, but I decided to drink some tea on the way. And while he drank tea, all his ardor seemed to have disappeared somewhere. “They may not be nominated for president, but they’ll have to deal with pikes, that’s for sure,” thought the crucian carp. I climbed further into the mud and fell into a sweet sleep...

What can you call such a crucian carp? Common man. Philistine.

But here's another story. A long time ago, there was a city of Good Masters on earth. Many skilled people lived in it - masons and roofers, potters and carpenters, tailors and shoemakers... Even ordinary street sweepers were Masters in this city. They cleaned the streets and courtyards so well that it was impossible not to admire their art. But the most important thing is that all these Masters were kind, sympathetic people who knew how to be friends and help each other. This happens when people are busy with their business, live with dignity and abundance. And they also loved their city very much, were proud of it, with kind hearted invited workers like themselves to visit them. They were truly kind townspeople.

But then one day the city was attacked by black knights who traded in robbery and raids on cities and villages. Their leader - an old lame warrior - declared himself the ruler of the city of Good Masters, demanded the most beautiful girl, and made the inhabitants of the city his slaves. The townspeople did not immediately realize what trouble had befallen them. For a while they hoped that the knights would take what they needed and leave. But when all the townspeople were declared slaves, they woke up Citizens. Armed with whatever they could, they unitedly attacked the invaders, killed the most cruel of them, and drove the rest out of the city.

Of course, people acquire civic virtues not only in battle. There are many ways to transform civilians into real citizens. One of them - Active participation in governing your country, city, region, town, for example as a voter.

It is safe to say that the happy country is the one that consists of citizens in the highest sense of the word. But, alas, not every country can boast of this.

Many “cautious crucians” have spread throughout the vastness of our Motherland. Especially in recent decades. From the pages of newspapers, on radio and television, calls for civic activity are constantly heard, but in reality the majority remains silent, “lying at the bottom in the cozy mud” of unburdensome chores.

One of those who dared to openly criticize the authorities in Soviet times and expressing ideas on how to correct shortcomings in society was the wonderful physicist Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov. He opposed the oppression of people by the authorities, defended the innocently convicted. He lived and acted like a real one citizen.

What is the main difference person from citizen? Let's compare these two words.

Listen here:

citizen crying...

citizen hurt…

citizen funny…

citizen loves his little daughter...

Isn’t it true, I really want to replace the word “citizen” in these sentences with something else, less “loud”, or what? All this rather relates to person. Or, even better, specifically to Maxim, Tatyana, Igor, Svetlana...

Here's another series of words, compare:

citizen speaks at a rally...

citizen participates in the presidential elections...

citizen encourages people around him to be politically active...

citizen defends the rights of ordinary people...

Here the word “citizen” is definitely in place.

So it turns out that in the broad sense of the word citizen is a person who is busy public affairs , is interested in politics, knows the laws and knows how to apply them for the benefit of people and himself.

There's one more thing significant word – citizenship. This is what distinguishes a true citizen, this is unity legal And political culture. If a person has citizenship, he is able to rise to the interests of his country, live with its troubles and joys.

Now let’s derive the following conditional formula:

It is probably now clear to you what the difference is between the concepts of “person” and “citizen”.

* * *

Questions and tasks for the paragraph

1. How does a “cautious crucian carp” behave in life? What fairy tale by a famous Russian writer does this story remind you of?

2. How did the residents of the city of Good Masters prove themselves not only as citizens, but also as citizens?

3. What qualities distinguish a citizen?

4 * . Using additional literature and Internet resources, give your definition of the concept of “citizenship.”

5. Do you think the concepts of “citizenship” and “patriotism” are related?

Discuss in class

A citizen in the general sense is one who is involved in both domination and subjugation ( Aristotle, ancient Greek philosopher ).

He who has not become a man first is a bad citizen ( V. G. Belinsky, Russian critic).

A moral person is a true citizen of life ( T. Mann, German writer).

Researching what we read*

To make people good citizens, they should be given the opportunity to exercise their rights as citizens and perform their duties as citizens.

(S. Smiles, English writer)

1. What needs to be done so that people can become citizens?

2. Is it important to know your rights? How can a person use them in life? Give such examples.

3. What duties of a citizen do you know? Name and tell us in detail about them.

4. What do you think a “good citizen” means? Justify your answer. Do you plan to become a “good citizen”?

Reflecting on what has happened

1. Can every person become a citizen in the broad sense of the word - politically active, able to use the law to protect their interests and the interests of other people, etc.?

2. Are you capable simple people, society itself resist crime (if the police and “security” agencies are passive in the fight against it)? Give examples from life.

Give your own definitions

Legal culture, political culture.

Lesson vocabulary

Citizen- from a legal point of view, a person who has the entire set of rights and obligations provided for by the constitution, and has the citizenship of a given state. In the broadest sense of the word - moral person who has a political and legal culture, is not indifferent to the problems of public life, openly expresses his beliefs, acts in accordance with them, and is politically active.

Citizenship– the opportunity to use one’s rights and fulfill duties both in personal interests and in the interests of society, to think as a state.

§ 13. Citizen of the world

Objective of the lesson. Be able to explain concepts: citizen of the world (cosmopolitan), nostalgia.

The following question arises: “Is a citizen tied to only one country (does he have citizenship, rights outlined in the constitution of his country, etc.)?” Could it be different? For example, a person was born in Poland, studied and worked in Germany, and lives in his old age in Greece. Is he a citizen of Poland, Germany or Greece?

This refers to the case when for some person it does not matter which country he is a citizen of, where he will live and work. Such a person is called citizen of the world or cosmopolitan.

In the 50s–70s. XX century an American writer was very popular in Russia Ernest Hemingway. Everyone read his wonderful novels, stories and short stories. They especially wanted to read the famous novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” which was banned at that time. He talked about the events of the Spanish Civil War, in which the writer was a correspondent. So: Hemingway was born and studied in the USA. First world war fought in Italy. Became a writer while living in Paris. Loved visiting Spain, spent several months in this country, engulfed civil war. Hunted in Africa. Lived in Cuba for a long time. Last years spent his life in his homeland, the USA. US citizen? Yes. But also citizen of the universe, to whom Madrid and Paris, Rome and Havana, forests in the Western USA and the snow-white peak of Kilimanjaro were dear...

And remember the outstanding Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. He spent the second part of his life almost entirely abroad, next to the woman he loved. He spoke and even wrote French no worse than Russian. However, his heart always belonged to Russia...

But this example in this case is not very successful. Ivan Sergeevich really did not consider himself a cosmopolitan, although he lived in France for a very long time, even became one of the people among French writers. He was born in the Russian outback, in the Oryol province. Since childhood, Russian nature was dear to him, native language, songs of peasants. Hunting, he walked for many kilometers native land, enjoying her beauty. One of his best works is “Notes of a Hunter” (you met the story “Bezhin Meadow” in the literature course). Turgenev was deeply affected by everything that happened in Russia, since it was close to him. He really missed, even homesick. He experienced nostalgia. This is a painful feeling unfamiliar to cosmopolitans.

Nowadays you can often see it on TV famous people who permanently live in Europe or the USA, and come to Russia to work... Modern practice international relations shows that when entry into a country is simplified different countries and leaving them, the number of people living and working outside their homeland is increasing. This is their choice, and the law of democratic states does not dare to contradict the desire of people to move from country to country. But not everyone is as connected with their native land as Turgenev. If they live and work well in another country, they do not feel nostalgia for their homeland. Thus, there are now more and more global citizens.

* * *

Questions and tasks for the paragraph

1. Who is, in your opinion, a citizen of the world (cosmopolitan)? Give examples.

2. Is it possible to call American writer Ernest Hemingway a citizen of the world? Why?

3 * . Using additional literature and Internet resources, define the concept of “nostalgia.”

4. Tell us about people who left their homeland but feel nostalgic for it.

Discuss in class

I am a citizen of the world ( Diogenes, ancient Greek philosopher).

For me, like Antonina, the city and fatherland are Rome, and as a person, the world. And only what is useful to these two cities is good for me ( Marcus Aurelius, Roman philosopher, emperor from the Antonine dynasty).

My homeland is the Universe, the entire human race is my brothers, my religion is to do good ( T. Payne, Anglo-American political figure ).

There is no more noble disease than homesickness ( I. Hamann, German philosopher).

Researching what we read*

It is enough to be a cosmopolitan to be a stranger anywhere modern world.

(T. Kotarbinski, Polish philosopher)

1. Define the concept “cosmopolitan”.

2. How does a cosmopolitan differ from a citizen?

4. Do you agree with him? Justify your answer.

Reflecting on what has happened

1. Why are some people able to live only in their home country, while others easily settle down in other countries?

2. Why do you think people travel abroad with pleasure and interest (on sightseeing tours, business trips, by invitation, etc.)?

3 * . Have you ever felt nostalgia for your homeland? Give examples from your life.

Give your own definitions

Citizenship, patriotism.

Lesson vocabulary

Citizen of the world (cosmopolitan)- a person who does not feel like a citizen of any one state and for whom the problems of the whole world are more important than the problems of his own country.

Nostalgia- homesickness.

§ 14. What is citizenship?

Lesson Objective. Be able to explain concepts: citizenship, human rights.

We have already encountered the word “citizenship”. Let's find out what it is. So, everyone who travels abroad fills out Required documents. There you must, among other things, indicate your citizenship. You've probably heard people say about someone: “He has Russian citizenship”; or: “He received American citizenship”; or: “And Ivanov has dual citizenship – Russian and Canadian.”

Here the question arises: can a person have no citizenship at all? Such cases are extremely rare, moreover, they are extremely unnatural for humans. After all, citizenship provides him with the opportunity to actually enjoy the rights and freedoms outlined in the laws, to receive protection and assistance from the state.

The citizenship of each person is documented by a document confirming this citizenship. Such documents in our country are passport citizen of the Russian Federation (from 14 years old), birth certificate or another document containing an indication of citizenship.

Thus, citizenship- this is a stable connection between a person and the state, which is expressed in the totality of their mutual rights and obligations.

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation - the Basic Law of our state - a citizen:

Cannot be expelled outside Russia or extradited to another state;

Has the protection and patronage of Russia outside its borders;

May have citizenship of a foreign country (dual citizenship).

Citizenship can be acquired by birth. Russian citizenship is obtained by those born from a father and mother who are Russian citizens (“the principle of blood”). In other countries, the place of birth is taken into account first (the “soil principle”). For example, if someone was born in the United States, he can obtain American citizenship even if his parents were, say, subjects of the Nepalese king.

Now let's make a small conclusion. Citizenship should not divide, but unite people. People have the right to move freely from one country to another and then return to where they left. And if this is impossible to do, then direct and undisguised violation human rights.

* * *

Questions and tasks for the paragraph

1. What is citizenship?

2*. Using additional literature and Internet resources, formulate what human rights are. What are they needed for? Give examples from life.

3. Which document contains human rights? Name some of them.

4. How do you get Russian citizenship?

Discuss in class

The smoke of the fatherland is lighter than the fire in a foreign land ( Lucian, ancient Greek satirical writer).

You cannot carry away your homeland on the soles of your boots ( J. Danton, leader of the Great french revolution end of the 18th century).

You can run away from your fatherland, but you cannot run away from yourself ( Horace, Roman poet).

Researching what we read*

If the holy army shouts:
“Throw away Rus', live in paradise!”
I will say: “There is no need for heaven,
Give me my homeland."

(S. Yesenin, Russian poet)

1. Read an excerpt from S. Yesenin’s poem and determine the author’s main idea.

2. Is it possible to tell from these lines exactly which country the poet was associated with? Justify your answer.

3. Do these lines characterize Yesenin as a person who truly loves his Motherland, that is, as a citizen? Why?

4. What citizenship do you think the poet had? What was the basis for obtaining citizenship by S. Yesenin?

Reflecting on what has happened

1. Is it necessary for a person to have citizenship? Justify your answer.

2. What is dual citizenship? Give examples from life.

3. What human rights are enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

Give your own definitions

Passport, “blood principle”, “soil principle”.

Lesson vocabulary

Citizenship– political and legal affiliation of a person to a specific state. In states with a monarchical form of government, the word “subjects” is used.

Human rights– these are the rules that allow a person to live freely and prosperously; they protect him in the most important cases of life; they belong to him from the moment of birth.

Nowadays you can often see on TV famous people who permanently live in Europe or the USA, and come to Russia to work... Modern practice of international relations shows that when entry into and exit from different countries is simplified, the number of people living and working increases not at home. This is their choice, and the law of democratic states does not dare to contradict the desire of people to move from country to country. But not everyone is as connected with their native land as Turgenev. If they live and work well in another country, they do not feel nostalgia for their homeland. Thus, there are now more and more global citizens.

1. Who is, in your opinion, a citizen of the world (cosmopolitan)? Give examples.

2. Can the American writer Ernest Hemingway be called a citizen of the world? Why?

3 * . Using additional literature and Internet resources, define the concept of “nostalgia.”

4. Tell us about people who left their homeland but feel nostalgic for it.

Discuss in class

I am a citizen of the world ( Diogenes, ancient Greek philosopher).

For me, like Antonina, the city and fatherland are Rome, and as a person, the world. And only what is useful to these two cities is good for me ( Marcus Aurelius, Roman philosopher, emperor from the Antonine dynasty).

My homeland is the Universe, the entire human race is my brothers, my religion is to do good ( T. Payne, Anglo-American politician).

There is no more noble disease than homesickness ( I. Hamann, German philosopher).

Researching what we read*

It is enough to be a cosmopolitan to find yourself a stranger anywhere in the modern world.

(T. Kotarbinski, Polish philosopher)

1. Define the concept “cosmopolitan”.

2. How does a cosmopolitan differ from a citizen?

4. Do you agree with him? Justify your answer.

Reflecting on what has happened

1. Why are some people able to live only in their home country, while others easily settle down in other countries?

2. Why do you think people travel abroad with pleasure and interest (on sightseeing tours, business trips, by invitation, etc.)?

3 * . Have you ever felt nostalgia for your homeland? Give examples from your life.

Citizenship, patriotism.

Lesson vocabulary

Citizen of the world (cosmopolitan)- a person who does not feel like a citizen of any one state and for whom the problems of the whole world are more important than the problems of his own country.

Nostalgia- homesickness.

§ 14. What is citizenship?

Lesson Objective. Be able to explain concepts: citizenship, human rights.

We have already encountered the word “citizenship”. Let's find out what it is. So, everyone who travels abroad fills out the necessary documents. There you must, among other things, indicate your citizenship. You've probably heard people say about someone: “He has Russian citizenship”; or: “He received American citizenship”; or: “And Ivanov has dual citizenship – Russian and Canadian.”

Here the question arises: can a person have no citizenship at all? Such cases are extremely rare, moreover, they are extremely unnatural for humans. After all, citizenship provides him with the opportunity to actually enjoy the rights and freedoms outlined in the laws, to receive protection and assistance from the state.

The citizenship of each person is documented by a document confirming this citizenship. Such documents in our country are passport citizen of the Russian Federation (from 14 years old), birth certificate or another document containing an indication of citizenship.

Thus, citizenship- this is a stable connection between a person and the state, which is expressed in the totality of their mutual rights and obligations.

According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation - the Basic Law of our state - a citizen:

Cannot be expelled outside Russia or extradited to another state;

Has the protection and patronage of Russia outside its borders;

May have citizenship of a foreign country (dual citizenship).

Citizenship can be acquired by birth. Russian citizenship is obtained by those born from a father and mother who are Russian citizens (“the principle of blood”). In other countries, the place of birth is taken into account first (the “soil principle”). For example, if someone was born in the United States, he can obtain American citizenship even if his parents were, say, subjects of the Nepalese king.

Now let's make a small conclusion. Citizenship should not divide, but unite people. People have the right to move freely from one country to another and then return to where they left. And if this is impossible to do, then direct and undisguised violation human rights.

Questions and tasks for the paragraph

1. What is citizenship?

2*. Using additional literature and Internet resources, formulate what human rights are. What are they needed for? Give examples from life.

3. Which document contains human rights? Name some of them.

4. How do you get Russian citizenship?

Discuss in class

The smoke of the fatherland is lighter than the fire in a foreign land ( Lucian, ancient Greek satirical writer).

You cannot carry away your homeland on the soles of your boots ( J. Danton, figure in the Great French Revolution of the late 18th century.).

You can run away from your fatherland, but you cannot run away from yourself ( Horace, Roman poet).

Researching what we read*

(S. Yesenin, Russian poet)

1. Read an excerpt from S. Yesenin’s poem and determine the author’s main idea.

2. Is it possible to tell from these lines exactly which country the poet was associated with? Justify your answer.

3. Do these lines characterize Yesenin as a person who truly loves his Motherland, that is, as a citizen? Why?

4. What citizenship do you think the poet had? What was the basis for obtaining citizenship by S. Yesenin?

Reflecting on what has happened

1. Is it necessary for a person to have citizenship? Justify your answer.

2. What is dual citizenship? Give examples from life.

3. What human rights are enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

Give your own definitions

Passport, “blood principle”, “soil principle”.

Lesson vocabulary

Citizenship– political and legal affiliation of a person to a specific state. In states with a monarchical form of government, the word “subjects” is used.

Human rights– these are the rules that allow a person to live freely and prosperously; they protect him in the most important cases of life; they belong to him from the moment of birth.

§ 15. Morals and law

Objective of the lesson. Be able to explain concepts: morality, moral choice, law, legal And moral standards.

Many years ago, the film “Beware of the Car” was released on the screens of the country, which everyone really liked. Its main character is nice man by the surname Detochkin. He once worked as a driver, but he had an accident, could no longer drive a car and went to work for an organization that dealt with insurance. His duties included meeting people individually in their homes and offering to enter into contracts with his organization. agreement(see § 19) insurance. Under this agreement, the citizen was obliged to contribute a certain (not very large) amount of money to the insurance company, and the company, in turn, was obliged to pay him a fairly a large sum, if, for example, he were injured, got into a car accident, became seriously ill for a long time, lost his property, etc. In this way, a person insured himself against unpleasant events in his life.

Lesson twelve. Citizen of the world

Student. I have one more question. It turns out that a citizen seems to be tied to one country (has citizenship, rights outlined in the constitution of his country, etc.). Couldn't it be any other way? For example, a person was born in Poland, studied and worked in Germany, and lives in his old age in Greece. Is he a citizen of Poland, Germany and Greece?

Professor. If I understand your question correctly, you mean the case when for some person it does not matter what country he is a citizen of, what country he should live in, work in... Such a person is called citizen of the world or cosmopolitan.

Writer. At one time, the American writer Ernest Hemingway was very popular in Russia. Everyone read his wonderful novels, stories and short stories. They especially wanted to read the famous novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls,” which was banned at that time, about the events of the civil war in Spain, during which the writer served as a correspondent. So: Hemingway was born and studied in the USA. During the First World War he fought in Italy. Became a writer while living in Paris. He loved to visit Spain, spent several months in this country engulfed in civil war. Hunted in Africa. Lived in Cuba for a long time. He spent the last years of his life in his homeland, the USA. US citizen? Yes. But also a citizen of the Universe, to whom Madrid and Paris, Rome and Havana, forests in the Western USA and the snow-white peak of Kilimanjaro were dear...

What about the outstanding Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev? He spent the second part of his life almost entirely abroad, next to the woman he loved. He spoke and even wrote French no worse than Russian. But his heart always belonged to Russia...

Student. Did the great Russian writer miss his homeland after all?

Professor. Yes, this example in this case is not very successful. Ivan Sergeevich really did not consider himself a cosmopolitan, although he lived in France for a very long time, even becoming one of the French writers. He was born in the depths of Russia, in the Oryol province. Since childhood, Russian nature, the Russian language, and the songs of peasants were dear to him. Hunting, he walked many kilometers of his native land, enjoying its beauty. One of his best works is “Notes of a Hunter.” Turgenev was deeply affected by everything that happened in Russia, since it was close to him. He really missed, even homesick. He experienced nostalgia. This is a very painful feeling.

Student. Don’t cosmopolitans feel nostalgic?

Professor. Perhaps this is what distinguishes them from other people, for whom life outside their homeland is painful.

Student. But now more and more often you see famous people on TV who constantly live in Europe, the USA, and come to Russia to perform and work a little...

Professor. Modern practice of international relations shows that when entry into and exit from different countries is simplified, the number of people living and working outside their home country increases. This is their choice, and the law of democratic states does not dare to contradict the desire of people to move from country to country. Not everyone is as connected to their native land as Turgenev. If they live and work well in another country, they do not feel nostalgia for their homeland. Thus, there are now more and more global citizens.

Check your understanding of what you read

1. Who is a citizen of the world (cosmopolitan)?

2. Can the American writer Ernest Hemingway be called a citizen of the world?

3. What is nostalgia?

4. Do you know any other people who left their homeland but feel nostalgic for it?

Your attitude towards what you read

I agree with... because...

I don't agree with... because...

I think that…

There is something to think about and discuss

Wise and controversial thoughts

I am a citizen of the world (Diogenes, ancient Greek philosopher).

For me, like Antonina, the city and fatherland are Rome, and as a person, the world. And only what is beneficial to these two cities is good for me (Marcus Aurelius, Roman philosopher, emperor from the Anton and New dynasties).

My homeland is the universe, the whole human race is my brothers, my religion is to do good (T. Paine, Anglo-American politician).

There is no more noble illness than homesickness (J. Hamann, German philosopher).

It is enough to be a cosmopolitan to find yourself a stranger anywhere in the modern world (T. Kotarbinski, Polish philosopher).

How do you think?

Why can some people live only in their native country, while others easily take root in other countries?

Why do people willingly and with interest travel abroad (on tours, business trips, by invitation, etc.)?

Citizen of the world (cosmopolitan)- a person who does not feel like a citizen of any one state and for whom the problems of the whole world are more important than the problems of his own country.

Nostalgia- homesickness.

In front of you - quotes, aphorisms and witty sayings about cosmopolitanism. This is a rather interesting and extraordinary selection of the most real “pearls of wisdom” on this topic. Here are collected entertaining witticisms and sayings, clever thoughts of philosophers and apt phrases of masters of the conversational genre, brilliant words of great thinkers and original statuses from social networks, and much more...

Promotions, discounts and offers

If any of the perfumes seems worthy of attention to you, you can get more detailed information about it and its promotional price by following the appropriate link...

Surgeons have learned to change a person’s gender, now their next priority is nationality.
Alexander Botvinnikov.

Don’t ask what you can do for your homeland - they will remind you of it.
A modified Mark Steinbeck.

There are people devoid of any national prejudices. They are ready to fight with anyone.
Stanislav Jerzy Lec.

Patriotism is the last refuge of a scoundrel.
Samuel Johnson.

We are all exiles in our homeland.
Peter Vyazemsky.

If you can't stop yourself from being swallowed, at least try not to be digested.
Jean Jacques Rousseau's advice to the Poles after the first partition of Poland.

I love nationality as a feeling, but I don’t recognize it as a system.
Peter Vyazemsky.

They say that I am a real cosmopolitan: I feel at ease everywhere.
Stefan Visinzi.

We are not fighting for the human rights of a people, but for the divine rights of man.
Heinrich Heine.

If your wife cheated on you, then be glad that she cheated on you and not on your fatherland.
Anton Chekhov.

A people who oppresses other peoples cannot be free. The power he needs to suppress another people always turns against himself in the end.
Friedrich Engels.

A person who hates another people does not love his own.
Nikolai Dobrolyubov.

Koval's observation: Mongol to Chinese.
Victor Koval.

Every nationalist is haunted by the idea that the past can - and should - be changed.
George Orwell.

Right or wrong, this is our country.
Stephen Decatur.

Every citizen is obliged to die for the fatherland, but no one is obliged to lie for it.
Charles Montesquieu.

The Athenian reproached Anacharsis for being a Scythian. Then he replied: “I am a disgrace to my homeland, and you are a disgrace to your homeland.”
Diogenes Laertius.

Dr. Johnson's famous dictionary defines patriotism as the last refuge of a scoundrel. We take the liberty of calling this refuge the first.
Ambrose Bierce.

The war of cosmopolitans with internationalists.
Modified Boleslaw Paszkowski.

The USSR is not a prison of nations. This Communal apartment peoples
Mikhail Gasparov.

We created Italy, let's create Italians.
Camillo Cavour (19th century).

When freedom has disappeared, the country still remains, but the fatherland no longer exists.
Francois René de Chateaubriand.

I don’t have a longing for my homeland, but a longing for a foreign land.
Fyodor Tyutchev.

I'm one of those people who wants to wash the flag instead of burning it.
Norman Thomas.

IN national character few good features: after all, its subject is the crowd.
Arthur Schopenhauer.

When the opponent runs out of arguments, he begins to clarify the nationality.
Arkady Davidovich.

Well, I love Russia too. She occupies a sixth of my soul.
Venedikt Erofeev.

Italy achieved its goal cherished desire- she became independent. But having achieved independence, she won the elephant in the political lottery. She has nothing to feed him.
Mark Twain.

The state is always called the fatherland when preparing to kill people.
Friedrich Durrenmatt.

A true patriot is a person who, having paid a fine for illegal parking, is glad that the system is working effectively.
Peter Wastholm.

In modern questionnaires, nationality is written in the “party affiliation” column.
Akram Murtazaev.

There can be neither patriotic art nor patriotic science.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe.

So what? Do we have an advantage? Not at all, for we have already proven that both Jews and Greeks are all under sin.
Apostle Paul - Epistle to the Romans, 3, 9.

It is enough to be a cosmopolitan to find yourself a stranger anywhere in the modern world.
Tadeusz Kotarbinski.

Patriotism is the last refuge of the sculptor.
William Plomer.

Russified foreigners always oversalt in terms of truly Russian sentiment.
Vladimir Lenin about Stalin, Dzerzhinsky and Ordzhonikidze.

Honoring your society is a reflex of self-esteem.
Herbert Spencer.

Patriotism: the belief that your country is better than others because you were born in it.
George Bernard Shaw.

A national majority does not mean that its individual representative is greater than a representative of a national minority.
Stanislav Jerzy Lec.

My homeland is where my library is.
Erasmus of Rotterdam.

We are gentlemen first and foremost, and patriots second.
Edmund Burke.

The Scots are the only civilized and nationally self-aware European people who were lucky enough not to have their own state.
Nicholas Fairbairn.

Don't ask what your homeland can do for you - ask what you can do for your homeland.
John Kennedy.

A patriot does not so much want to die for something as to kill someone.
Gennady Malkin.

Cohesion is organized hatred.
John Jay Chapman.

I prefer to castigate my homeland, I prefer to upset it, I prefer to humiliate it, just not to deceive it.
Peter Chadayev.

There are only two varieties, there is nowhere to go: either a patriot of your fatherland, or a scoundrel of your life.
Alexander Ostrovsky.

A poor little man, who has nothing of which he can be proud, grabs the only thing possible and is proud of the nation to which he belongs.
Arthur Schopenhauer.

Our love must always be stronger than our hatred. You need to love Russia and the Russian people more than you hate the revolution and the Bolsheviks.
Nikolay Berdyaev.

The expression “fatherland” confuses with the expression “Your Excellency”
Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin.

I am a citizen of the world.
Diogenes of Sinope.

They want to be citizens of space, and they stigmatize cosmopolitanism.
Stanislav Jerzy Lec.

Our true nationality is human.
Herbert George Wells.
National independence.
The winner's boot happened to belong to the vanquished.
Stanislav Jerzy Lec.

Zionism is when one person persuades another to give money to send a third to Palestine.
Arthur Koestler.

Where it is good, there is homeland.
Aristophanes.

It cannot be said for certain that the German people invented gunpowder. German people consists of thirty million people. Only one of them invented gunpowder. The remaining 29,999,999 Germans did not invent gunpowder.
Ludwig Berne.

Nationalists cannot be satisfied until they find someone to offend them.
Wolfram Weidner.

There are so many things I don’t like abroad that I feel almost at home there.
Gabriel Laub.

The only way to get rid of dragons is to have your own.
Evgeny Schwartz.

Only a free citizen has a fatherland; a slave, a serf, a subject of a despot have only a homeland.
Anatole France.

They call him a patriot in South Africa. white man who can't sell his house.
Denis Healy.

Others praise their country as if they dream of selling it.
Hot Petan.

For me, like Antonina, the city and fatherland are Rome, and as a person, the world. And only what is useful to these two cities is good for me.
Marcus Aurelius.

A politician is a person who will sacrifice your life for his homeland.
Texas Guinen.

Nationalism can be huge. But never great.
Stanislav Jerzy Lec.

Socrates expressed ideas that precede ideas. Diogenes declared himself a cosmopolitan. The Cynic school preached the idea of ​​autarky, independence from the state. The Stoics developed cosmopolitanism. The Middle Ages took it underground, to alchemy, but did not drown it out. Immanuel Kant saw in cosmopolitanism the final result of the development of civilization, and Voltaire anticipated the idea of ​​the European Union, saying that European countries must create a common federation.

The 20th century, with its upheavals, world wars and the flourishing of the ideas of socialism and humanism, provided fertile ground for the development of cosmopolitan teaching. One of the results of the world revolution, according to Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, was to be a world republic. In 1921, Eugene Lanty founded the World Transnational Association (SAT), whose mission was to promote the disappearance of all nations as sovereign unions and the use of Esperanto as a single cultural language. The opportunity to become a “citizen of the world” appeared for people with the advent of Nansen passports, which were issued to refugees and certified their identity through official means.

In Russia

The modern process of globalization, in fact, fulfills the aspirations of cosmopolitans, since the boundaries of nations, languages, and cultures are being erased. The European Union, the CIS are associations close to implementing a merger. There is only one world language – English. Culture is also very conditionally differentiated. Of course, the crystallized idea of ​​cosmopolitanism is utopian. People are too complex matter, and human nature always puts the interests of the individual above the interests of humanity. It is likely that in centuries a unified state will be created, and brotherly love will triumph.