The second largest continent on planet Earth is the continent of Africa. The first in size is the continent of Eurasia. There is another part of the world that is also called Africa. This article will look at Africa as the continent of the planet.

In terms of area, Africa is 29.2 million km2 (with islands - 30.3 million km2), which is about 20% of the planet's total land surface. Continent Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on its northern coast, the western coast by the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean to the south and east, and the Red Sea on the northeastern coast. There are 62 states in Africa, of which 54 independent states, and the population of the entire continent is about 1 billion people. By following the link you can see full list African countries in the table.

The size of Africa from north to south is 8,000 kilometers, and when viewed from east to west, it is approximately 7,500 kilometers.

Extreme points on mainland Africa:

1) The easternmost point of the mainland is Cape Ras Hafun, which is located on the territory of the state of Somalia.

2) The northernmost point of this continent is Cape Blanco, which is located in the Tunisian Republic.

3) The westernmost point of the continent is Cape Almadi, which is located on the territory of the Republic of Senegal.

4) And finally, the southernmost point of continent Africa is Cape Agulhas, which is located on the territory of the Republic of South Africa (RSA).

Relief of Africa

Most of the continent is made up of plains. The following landforms predominate: highlands, plateaus, stepped plains and plateaus. The continent is conventionally divided into High Africa (where the heights of the continent reach a size of over 1000 meters - the southeast of the continent) and Low Africa (where the heights reach a size mainly less than 1000 meters - the northwestern part).

The highest point of the mainland is Mount Kilimanjaro, which reaches a height of 5895 meters above sea level. Also in the south of the continent there are the Drakensberg and Cape Mountains, in the east of Africa there is the Ethiopian Highlands, and to the south of it there is the East African Plateau, in the northwest of the continent there are the Atlas Mountains.

In the north of the continent there is the largest desert on the planet - the Sahara, in the south there is the Kalahari Desert, and in the southwest of the continent there is the Namib Desert.

At the same time, the lowest point of the mainland is the bottom of the salt lake Assal, the depth of which reaches 157 meters below sea level.

African climate

The climate of Africa can be ranked first among all continents in terms of warmth. This is the hottest continent, since it is completely located in the hot climate zones of planet Earth and is intersected by the equator line.

Central Africa is located in the equatorial belt. This belt is characterized by high precipitation and a complete absence of seasons. To the south and north of the equatorial belt there are subequatorial belts, which are characterized by a rainy season in summer and a dry season in winter with high air temperatures. If you follow further to the south and north after the subequatorial belts, then the northern and southern tropical zones follow, respectively. Such belts are characterized by low precipitation at fairly high air temperatures, which leads to the formation of deserts.

African inland waters

The inland waters of Africa are uneven in structure, but at the same time vast and extended. On the mainland, the longest river is the Nile River (the length of its system reaches 6852 km), and the deepest river is the Congo River (the length of its system reaches 4374 km), which is famous for being the only river that crosses the equator twice.

There are also lakes on the mainland. The largest lake is Lake Victoria. The area of ​​this lake is 68 thousand km2. The greatest depth in this lake reaches 80 m. The lake itself is the second largest freshwater lake on planet Earth in terms of area.

30% of the landmass of continent Africa is deserts, in which bodies of water can be temporary, that is, at times they dry up completely. But at the same time, usually in such desert regions groundwater can be observed, which is located in artesian basins.

Flora and fauna of Africa

The continent of Africa is famous for its diversity of both flora and fauna. Tropical rainforests grow on the continent, which give way to open forests and savannas. In the subtropical zone you can also find mixed forests.

The most common plants in the forests of Africa are palms, ceiba, sundew and many others. But in savannas you can most often find thorny bushes and small trees. The desert is characterized by a small variety of plants growing in it. Most often these are herbs, shrubs or trees in oases. Many desert areas have no vegetation at all. A special plant in the desert is considered to be the Velvichia amazing plant, which can live for more than 1000 years, it produces 2 leaves that grow throughout the life of the plant and can reach a length of 3 meters.

Diverse in Africa and animal world. In areas of the savannah, grass grows very quickly and well, which attracts many herbivorous animals (rodents, hares, gazelles, zebras, etc.), and, accordingly, predators that feed on herbivorous animals (leopards, lions, etc.).

The desert may seem uninhabited at first glance, but in fact there live many reptiles, insects, and birds that hunt mainly at night.

Africa is famous for such animals as the elephant, giraffe, hippopotamus, a wide variety of monkeys, zebras, leopards, sand cats, gazelles, crocodiles, parrots, antelopes, rhinoceroses and much more. This continent is amazing and unique in its own way.

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other presentations about Africa

"Characteristics of Africa" ​​- The significant predominance of youth is associated with high level fertility. Population of the continent. Lesson plan: Political system and EGP of African countries. The region ranks first in terms of reserves of most types of mineral raw materials. Economic and geographical location. Natural resource potential. Political system.

"Art of Africa" ​​- Artistic creativity The peoples of Africa reached their highest peak in sculpture, painting and architecture. Terracotta head. Modern forms of art in the countries of Tropical Africa are in the process of formation. Contemporary wood sculpture of Africa. Art of the peoples of Tropical and Southern Africa. Modern architecture Africa Hotel.

“Zones of Africa” - Snake. Namib. Wildebeest. Due to the lack of rain, salts are not washed out of the soil. Euphorbia Baobabs Umbrella acacias Oil palms Various herbs. Lianas, Rhinoceros. Oasis. Thorns. Fenech. Buffaloes. Tiering. Giraffe. Hyena. Zebra. Oasis, Desert. Soils Tropical desert Little humus Lots of mineral salts.

"Map of Africa" ​​- South Africa. Ethiopia. Special forms board. Religions of Africa. Population of Africa. Most African countries. Nigeria. East Africa. Libyan Jamahiriya. West Africa. South Africa. Morocco, Lesotho, Swaziland. Monarchies. Most African countries are unitary states. Central Africa. North Africa.

“Geographical location of Africa” - 6. How is the continent located relative to other continents? Physiographic location of Africa. The purpose of the lesson. Africa on the globe. Desert. Study plan physical-geographical position of the mainland. Photo from space. Africa. Among other continents, Africa occupies a special position. In 146 BC. The Romans captured land in what is now Tunisia.

“Desert and savannah forests of Africa” - Climatic conditions. Desert tropical soils form here. Deserts of Africa. View the map natural areas Africa. This is where the Namib Desert is located. The formation of natural areas is determined by climate. Plants. In summer, the daytime heat reaches + 40 C in the shade. Between the tall trees there are shorter trees.

1. Find out the continent by description. Write its name.

1) This continent is the largest. It is divided into two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. Our Motherland, Russia, is located on this continent.
Eurasia

2) This continent is famous for its animals: zebras, giraffes, hippos, lions, etc. One of the longest rivers in the world, the Nile, flows here.
Africa

3) Most of this continent is occupied by two countries - the USA and Canada. On this continent you can find the largest trees on our planet - sequoias.
North America

4) There are humid forests with colorful birds, endless grassy plains and high mountains. People in almost all countries of this continent speak Spanish.
South America

5) This continent is covered with a thick ice shell, it is very cold here. Penguins live on this continent.
Antarctica

6) This continent is the smallest. There are amazing animals here - kangaroos and koalas.
Australia

2. The wise Turtle, who loves to travel, has come up with a task for you. Guess which continents these photographs were taken on. Connect the photographs and the names of the continents with lines.

3. And this task is suggested by Seryozha and Nadya’s dad. Which continent did you find most interesting? Draw how you imagine it.

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The child has heard more than once about such a country as Africa. Birds fly there in the fall, crocodiles, elephants, and lions live there. The kid would like to see all this live. And to help him with this, offer to draw an African savannah.

Savannah is a steppe with sparse trees and bushes, overgrown with tall, dense grass. Various animals, birds, and insects live there.

The child will be interested in depicting a new landscape. And after finishing, he can add African animals to make the landscape more realistic.

You will need:

Skyline

First, you should divide the sheet into two parts with the horizon line. It is needed so that it is clear where to draw trees and where to draw clouds.

Foreground

The foreground is the part of the picture that is closer to us. Draw a low hill in the foreground, since the savanna is uneven.

Background

Objects in the background are blurry. Using wavy lines, draw the outlines of other hills that are far away.

Tree trunk

And in the middle plan draw a tree trunk. Please note that it is even more uneven than the trees a child is accustomed to.

Main branches

The most common trees in Africa are acacias and baobabs. These trees have a thin trunk, but a very wide crown, under which animals gather. Therefore, the side branches should bend to the sides.

Let the child try to draw on his own, since a ruler is not needed to draw branches.

small branches

Small branches that extend from the main ones grow several at a time.

The more branches you draw, the wider the crown will be. The branches end approximately on the same line.

Draw the outlines of a dense crown on top.

Sun

The sun in Africa is much closer to the earth than in northern countries. Draw it as a large circle, half hidden behind the horizon.

Erase unnecessary lines.

Elephant outline

Against the background of the sun, depict an elephant - one of the animals of Africa. If it is difficult for a child to immediately draw a small animal, you can use it and practice.

Head

If you have the outline, form the head of the animal. Draw the large ears, trunk and tusks.

Correct the image of the elephant and erase unnecessary lines.

Torso

Make the lines of the animal smoother and add small details.

Tree crown

Draw the crown of the tree with small wavy lines, similar to sheep's wool.

Oksana Stol

"King of beasts"(using stencil technique)

The lion is powerful, beautiful and smooth,

He loves order in everything.

Only the hairstyle let me down -

For a Leo, one comb is not enough.

T. Lavrova

Target: teach children to draw a lion by passing characteristics appearance; continue to teach children to carefully trace the prepared templates; improve the technique of drawing with gouache paints and oil crayons.

Materials: tinted sheets A4, gouache paints, brush No. 4, template, oil crayons

Progress:

1. Children trace the templates onto a pre-tinted sheet of paper.

2. Draw along the contour with oil crayons and draw all parts of the lion’s face (eyes, nose, fangs, ears)

3. Paint the upper and lower parts of the muzzle with beige gouache, paint over the fangs and pupils.

4. The lion's mane is two-tone: choose different shades and colors.

5. Draw the mustache and eyebrows of the lion.

"Turtle", "Elephant"(using pointialism technique)

Target: introduce children to unconventional technology– “pointillism” (drawing with dots); develop color perception, improve fine motor skills fingers and hands; develop the ability to choose independently color scheme colors corresponding to a joyful mood.

Materials: tinted A4 sheets, gouache paints, turtle and elephant templates, cotton buds, wet wipes

Progress:

At the first lesson, children tint the sheets with watercolors or gouache, then trace the elephant according to the template and carefully paint it with gouache.

In the second lesson, decorate the animal with a pattern using cotton swabs

"Turtle"

"Monkey on a Liana"(using stencil printing technique)

Target: develop a sense of composition, practice combining various techniques, and expand knowledge about the world around you. learn how to tint sheets using a shaped roller, improve the ability to work with gouache paints, consolidate the ability to print using a foam rubber stencil, develop fantasy and imagination.

Materials: sheets of white A4 paper, gouache paints, brushes of different sizes, figured roller, foam rubber stamps, sponges, monkey stencils

Preliminary work: looking at illustrations of animals from hot countries, reading an encyclopedia, learning proverbs, finger games.

Progress:

Children paint over sheets of paper with watercolors or green gouache and use a figured roller to depict vines

Using a stencil and a foam sponge, we draw a monkey

We use leaf-shaped sponge signets to represent foliage.

Draw veins on the leaves and finish drawing the monkey’s face

Publications on the topic:

“We draw in an unconventional technique.” Lesson summary for the junior group “Sun, shine” MADOU d/s No. 3, st. Novoderevyankovskaya. Educator: Doroshkova Angela Nikolaevna. "We draw in unconventional technology"Lesson notes for the junior class.

"Autumn leaves". Drawing in an unconventional technique"Drawing in an unconventional technique" Topic: "Autumn leaves" Program content. Teach children to work using the spray technique. Cultivate neatness.

Program content: Introduce children to phenomena autumn nature- leaves turn yellow, change color and fall off. Strengthen your knowledge of yellow.

November has arrived. A month of sudden, surprising changes. He decorated the gardens and parks royally and generously. Very soon we will forget about the colorful autumn colors.

Open lesson using non-traditional spray painting techniques in the preparatory group “Drawing a winter landscape” Compiled by: Kartashova Irina Albertovna Educator, first category Goals: to introduce children to a new unconventional drawing technique -.