Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita received universal recognition, although this happened after the death of its author. The history of the creation of the work spans several decades - after all, when Bulgakov died, his wife continued his work, and it was she who achieved the publication of the novel. An unusual composition, bright characters and their difficult fates - all this made the novel interesting for any time.

First drafts

In 1928, the writer first came up with the idea of ​​a novel, which was later called “The Master and Margarita.” The genre of the work had not yet been decided, but the main idea was to write a work about the devil. Even the first titles of the book spoke about this: “Black Magician”, “Satan”, “Consultant with a Hoof”. There was a large number of drafts and versions of the novel. Some of these papers were destroyed by the author, and the remaining documents were published in a general collection.

Bulgakov began work on his novel at a very difficult time. His plays were banned, the author himself was considered a “neo-bourgeois” writer, and his work was declared hostile to the new system. The first text of the work was destroyed by Bulgakov - he burned his manuscripts in a fire, after which he was left with only sketches of scattered chapters and a couple of draft notebooks.

Later, the writer tries to return to work on the novel, but poor physical and psychological condition, caused by severe overwork, do not allow him to do this.

Eternal love

Only in 1932 did Bulgakov return to work on the novel, after which the Master was created first, and then Margarita. Its appearance, like the emergence of the idea of ​​eternal and great love, is associated with the writer’s marriage to Elena Shilovskaya.

Bulgakov no longer hopes to see his novel in print, but continues to work hard on it. Having devoted more than 8 years to the work, the writer is preparing the sixth draft edition, complete in meaning. After this, the elaboration of the text continued, amendments were made, and the structure, genre and composition of the novel “The Master and Margarita” was finally formed. It was then that the writer finally decided on the title of the work.

Mikhail Bulgakov continued to edit the novel until his death. Even before his death, when the writer was almost blind, he edited the book with the help of his wife.

Publication of the novel

After the writer's death, his wife had the main objective in life - to achieve the publication of a novel. She independently edited the work and published it. In 1966, the novel was published in the Moscow magazine. This was followed by its translation into European languages, as well as publication in Paris.

Genre of the work

Bulgakov called his work “The Master and Margarita” a novel, the genre of which is so unique that the debate among literary scholars about the category of the book never subsides. It is defined as a myth novel, philosophical novel and medieval drama based on biblical themes. Bulgakov's novel connects almost all areas of literature that exist in the world. A unique piece makes it genre and composition. “The Master and Margarita” is a masterpiece with which it is impossible to draw parallels. After all, such books cannot be found either in domestic or foreign literature.

Composition of the novel

The composition “The Master and Margarita” is a double romance. Two stories are told - one about the Master and the other about Pontius Pilate. Despite their opposition to each other, they create a single whole.

Two times are intertwined in the novel “The Master and Margarita”. The genre of the work allows us to combine the biblical period and Bulgakov's Moscow.

The question of human destiny in the novel

The beginning of the book is a dispute between Berlioz, Homeless and a stranger on the topic of the existence of God. The homeless man believes that man himself controls the order on earth and all destinies, but the development of the plot shows the incorrectness of his position. After all, the author says that a person’s knowledge is relative, and his life path is predetermined in advance. But at the same time he asserts that a person is responsible for his own destiny. Throughout the novel, Bulgakov raises such topics. “The Master and Margarita,” the genre of which even weaves biblical chapters into the narrative, awakens the questions: “What is truth? Are there eternal values ​​that remain unchanged?

Modern life merges with history. The Master did not withstand the injustice of life, but was able to gain immortality in Eternity itself. The novel “The Master and Margarita” interweaves both plot lines in one place - Eternity, where the Master and Pilate were able to find forgiveness.

The issue of personal responsibility in the novel

In his own, he shows fate as a string of interconnected events. By chance, the Master and Margarita met, Berlioz died, and Yeshua’s life became dependent on the Roman governor. The author emphasizes human mortality and believes that when planning your life, you cannot exaggerate your capabilities.

But the writer leaves a chance for the heroes to change their lives and correct the direction of fate to a more favorable one. To do this you need to break your moral principles. So, Yeshua can lie, and then he will live. If the Master begins to write “like everyone else,” then he will be accepted into the circle of writers, and his works will be published. Margarita must commit murder, but cannot agree to it, even if the victim is the person who ruined the life of her lover. Some heroes change their destinies, but others do not take advantage of the chances given to them.

Image of Margarita

All characters have their doubles, which are shown in mythological world. But there are no people similar to Margarita in the work. This emphasizes the uniqueness of a woman who, in order to save her loved one, makes a deal with the devil. The heroine combines love for the Master and hatred for his persecutors. But even in the grip of madness, destroying the apartment of a literary critic and frightening all the residents of the house, she remains merciful, calming the child.

Image of the Master

Modern literary scholars agree that the image of the Master is autobiographical, because there is a lot in common between the writer and the main character. This is a partial external resemblance - the figure, the yarmulke cap. But it is also the spiritual despair that engulfs both of them because creative work put aside “on the table” without any future.

The theme of creativity is very important for the writer, because he is convinced that only complete sincerity and the author’s ability to convey the truth to the heart and mind can ensure the work eternal value. So, the Master, who puts his soul into his manuscripts, is opposed by a whole crowd, so indifferent and blind. Literary critics hounding the Master, driving him to madness and abandonment of his own work.

The destinies of the Master and Bulgakov are inextricably linked, because both of them considered it their creative duty to help people regain the belief that justice and goodness still remained in the world. And also to encourage readers to search for truth and loyalty to their ideals. After all, the novel says that love and creativity can overcome everything in its path.

Even after many years, Bulgakov’s novel continues to appeal to readers, defending the theme true love- faithful and eternal.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita,” to which the writer devoted 12 years of his life, is rightfully considered a real pearl of world literature. The work became the pinnacle of Bulgakov's creativity, in which he touched upon the eternal themes of good and evil, love and betrayal, faith and unbelief, life and death. In The Master and Margarita, the most complete analysis is needed, since the novel is particularly deep and complex. Detailed plan analysis of the work “The Master and Margarita” will allow 11th grade students to better prepare for a literature lesson.

Brief Analysis

Year of writing– 1928-1940

History of creation– The source of inspiration for the writer was Goethe’s tragedy “Faust”. The original recordings were destroyed by Bulkagov himself, but were later restored. They served as the basis for writing a novel, which Mikhail Afanasyevich worked on for 12 years.

Subject – Central theme The novel is a confrontation between good and evil.

Composition– The composition of “The Master and Margarita” is very complex - it is a double novel or a novel within a novel, in which the storylines of the Master and Pontius Pilate run parallel to each other.

Genre- Novel.

Direction– Realism.

History of creation

The writer first thought about a future novel in the mid-20s. The impetus for its writing was the brilliant work of the German poet Goethe “Faust”.

It is known that the first sketches for the novel were made in 1928, but neither the Master nor Margarita appeared in them. Central characters in the original version there were Jesus and Woland. There were also many variations of the title of the work, and they all revolved around the mystical hero: “Black Magician”, “Prince of Darkness”, “Engineer’s Hoof”, “Woland’s Tour”. Only shortly before his death, after numerous edits and meticulous criticism, Bulgakov renamed his novel “The Master and Margarita.”

In 1930, extremely dissatisfied with what was written, Mikhail Afanasyevich burned 160 pages of the manuscript. But two years later, having miraculously found the surviving sheets, the writer restored his literary work and went back to work. Interestingly, the original version of the novel was restored and published 60 years later. In the novel called "The Great Chancellor" there was neither Margarita nor the Master, and the gospel chapters were reduced to one - "The Gospel of Judas."

Bulgakov worked on the work, which became the crown of all his work, until the last days of his life. He endlessly made amendments, reworked chapters, added new characters, adjusted their characters.

In 1940, the writer became seriously ill and was forced to dictate the lines of the novel to his faithful wife Elena. After Bulgakov’s death, she tried to publish the novel, but the work was first published only in 1966.

Subject

“The Master and Margarita” is a complex and incredibly multifaceted literary work in which the author presented many different themes to the reader: love, religion, the sinful nature of man, betrayal. But, in fact, they are all just parts of a complex mosaic, a skillful frame main topic - the eternal confrontation between good and evil. Moreover, each theme is tied to its characters and intertwined with other characters in the novel.

Central theme The novel, of course, is the theme of the all-consuming, all-forgiving love of the Master and Margarita, which is able to survive all difficulties and trials. By introducing these characters, Bulgakov incredibly enriched his work, giving it a completely different, more earthly and understandable meaning to the reader.

No less important in the novel is problem of choice, which is especially colorfully shown in the example of the relationship between Pontius Pilate and Yeshua. According to the author, the most terrible vice is cowardice, which caused the death of an innocent preacher and lifelong punishment for Pilate.

In “The Master and Margarita” the writer clearly and convincingly shows problems of human vices, which do not depend on religion, social status or time era. Throughout the novel, the main characters have to deal with moral issues, choose one path or another for yourself.

The main idea The work is a harmonious interaction between the forces of good and evil. The struggle between them is as old as the world, and will continue as long as people live. Good cannot exist without evil, just as the existence of evil is impossible without good. The idea of ​​the eternal confrontation between these forces permeates the entire work of the writer, who sees the main task of man in choosing the right path.

Composition

The composition of the novel is complex and original. Essentially this is novel within a novel: one of them tells about Pontius Pilate, the second - about the writer. At first it seems that there is nothing in common between them, but as the novel progresses, the relationship between the two storylines becomes obvious.

At the end of the work Moscow and ancient city Yershalaim are connected, and events occur simultaneously in two dimensions. Moreover, they take place in the same month, a few days before Easter, but only in one “novel” - in the 30s of the twentieth century, and in the second - in the 30s of the new era.

Philosophical line in the novel it is represented by Pilate and Yeshua, love - by the Master and Margarita. However, the work has a separate story line, filled to the brim with mysticism and satire. Its main characters are Muscovites and Woland's retinue, represented by incredibly bright and charismatic characters.

At the end of the novel, the storylines are connected at a common point for all - Eternity. Such a unique composition of the work constantly keeps the reader in suspense, causing genuine interest in the plot.

Main characters

Genre

The genre of “The Master and Margarita” is very difficult to define - this work is so multifaceted. Most often it is defined as a fantastic, philosophical and satirical novel. However, one can easily find in it signs of other literary genres: realism is intertwined with fantasy, mysticism is adjacent to philosophy. Such an unusual literary alloy makes Bulgakov’s work truly unique, which has no analogues in domestic or foreign literature.

Work test

Rating analysis

Average rating: 4.6. Total ratings received: 4233.

Literature lesson in 11th grade on the topic “The Master and Margarita.”

History of the novel. Genre and composition.

The purpose of the lesson: 1) talk about the meaning of the novel, its fate, show the features of the genre and composition, 2) promote students’ interest in the work of M.A. Bulgakov.

During the classes

1)introduction teachers.

Reading an excerpt from the book “Bulgakov and Lappa”

Why do you think I started the lesson by reading this passage?

2) Work in a notebook. Record the topic of the lesson.

3) Teacher's message.

“Finish it before you die!”

History of the novel.

Bulgakov began writing the novel “The Master and Margarita” in 1928 and worked on it for 12 years, that is, until the end of his life, without hoping to publish it.

Work on the novel resumed in 1931.

At this time, Bulgakov writes to his friend: “A demon has possessed me. Choking in my little room, I began to dirty page after page of my novel, destroyed three years ago. For what? Don't know. I console myself. Let it fall into oblivion. However, I’ll probably give it up soon.”

However, Bulgakov no longer throws “M and M”.

The second edition of "The Master and Margarita", created until 1936, had the subtitle "Fantastic Novel" and variant titles "Great Chancellor", "Satan", "Here I Am", "Hat with a Feather", "Black Theologian", " He Appeared", "The Foreigner's Horseshoe", "He Appeared", "The Advent", "The Black Magician" and "The Consultant's Hoof".

In the second edition of the novel, Margarita and the Master already appeared, and Woland acquired his own retinue.

The third edition of the novel, begun in the second half of 1936 or 1937, was initially called “The Prince of Darkness.” In 1937, returning once again to the beginning of the novel, the author first wrote in title page the title "The Master and Margarita", which became final, set the date 1928‑ 1937 and no longer stopped working on it.

In May–June 1938 full text The novel was reprinted for the first time, the author's editing continued almost until the death of the writer. In 1939 they introduced important changes the epilogue is added to the end of the novel. But then the terminally ill Bulgakov dictated amendments to the text to his wife, Elena Sergeevna. The extensiveness of insertions and amendments in the first part and at the beginning of the second suggests that no less work was to be done further, but the author did not have time to complete it. Bulgakov stopped working on the novel on February 13, 1940, less than four weeks before his death.

Mortally ill, Bulgakov continued until last day work on the novel, make corrections. E.S. Bulgakova recalled this: “During my illness, he dictated to me and corrected The Master and Margarita, the piece that he loved more than all his other works. He wrote it for 12 years. And the last corrections that he dictated to me were included in the copy, which is in the Lenin Library. From these amendments and additions it is clear that his intelligence and talent have not weakened at all. These were brilliant additions to what had been written before.

When, at the end of his illness, he almost lost his speech, sometimes only the ends or beginnings of words came out. There was a case when I was sitting next to him, as always, on a pillow on the floor, near the head of his bed, he made me understand that he needed something, that he wanted something from me. I offered him medicine, a drink - lemon juice, but I clearly understood that this was not the point. Then I guessed and asked: “Your things?” He nodded with a look that said both “yes” and “no.” I said: “The Master and Margarita”? He, terribly delighted, made a sign with his head that “yes, this is it.” And he squeezed out two words: “So that they know, so that they know.”

Bulgakov understood his novel “as the last, sunset one,” as a testament, as his main message to humanity.

4) Genre of the novel “The Master and Margarita”

Remember what genres of novels you know?

The novel can be called everyday, fantastic, philosophical, autobiographical, love-lyrical, and satirical.

The work is multi-genre and multi-faceted. Everything is closely intertwined, just like in life.

Bulgakov scholars call this work a novel-menippea.

A menippea novel is a work in which serious philosophical content is hidden under the mask of laughter.

The menippea is very characterized by scenes of scandals, eccentric behavior, inappropriate speeches and performances, i.e. all kinds of violations of the generally accepted, usual course of events, established norms of behavior.

5) The composition of the novel.

According to the remark of literary critic V.I. Tyupy, "title" literary text(like the epigraph) is one of the most essential elements of the composition with its own poetics"

Let's try to analyze the title of the novel.

Remember the works whose titles follow the same “he and she” scheme.

Such a traditional name immediately warns the reader that the central one will be love line and, obviously, the story will be tragic.

The title of the novel thus immediately states the theme of love.

Moreover, the theme of love is connected with the theme of creativity.

It's all about the unusualness of the name - Master (in the text this word is written with a small letter) is an anonymous name, a generalization name meaning “creator, in of the highest degree professional in his field"

Master is the very first word of the novel; it opens the work. There is no real name, but it expresses the essence of the individual --------- the tragedy of the individual.

What features of the title did you note?

The title is harmonious, since the anagram technique is used - repetitions of some letters in both parts of the novel's title.

This repetition indicates that there is a deep connection between the words - at the level of character, the fate of the heroes.

But in this case the title does not reflect the completeness of the content of the text,

in which, in addition to the theme of love and creativity, the theme of good and evil is very important.

Which part of the composition reflects this theme?

Reading the epigraph.

Think about what else is unique about the composition of the novel?

A novel within a novel.

Drawing up a diagram (Yershalaim chapters and Moscow chapters)

6) Message dz.

Make a diagram of “Heroes of the novel “The Master and Margarita””

The genre uniqueness of the novel "The Master and Margarita" - the "last, sunset" work of M. A. Bulgakov still causes controversy among literary scholars. It is defined as a mythical novel, a philosophical novel, a menippea, a mystery novel, etc. “The Master and Margarita” quite organically combines almost all the genres existing in the world and literary trends. According to the English researcher of Bulgakov's creativity J.

Curtis, the form of “The Master and Margarita” and its content make it a unique masterpiece, parallels with which “are difficult to find in both Russian and Western European literature.” literary tradition". No less original is the composition of "The Master and Margarita" - a novel within a novel, or a double novel - about the fate of the Master and Pontius Pilate.

On the one hand, these two novels are opposed to each other, while on the other hand they form a kind of organic unity. The plot combines two layers of time in an original way: biblical and contemporary to Bulgakov - the 1930s. and I century. ad. Some events described in the Yershalaim chapters are repeated exactly 1900 years later in Moscow in a parodic, reduced version.

There are three storylines in the novel: philosophical - Yeshua and Pontius Pilate, love - the Master and Margarita, mystical and satirical - Woland, his retinue and Muscovites. They are presented in a free, bright, sometimes bizarre form of storytelling and are closely interconnected with Woland’s infernal image. The novel begins with a scene on the Patriarch's Ponds, where Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz and Ivan Bezdomny are heatedly arguing with a strange stranger about the existence of God.

To Woland’s question “who controls human life and all order on earth in general,” if there is no God, Ivan Bezdomny, as a convinced atheist, answers: “Man himself controls.” But soon the development of the plot refutes this thesis. Bulgakov reveals the relativity of human knowledge and predetermination life path. At the same time, he affirms man's responsibility for his destiny. Eternal questions: “What is truth in this unpredictable world?

Are there immutable, eternal moral values", - are put by the author in the Yershalaim chapters (there are only 4 (2, 16, 25, 26) of the 32 chapters of the novel), which, undoubtedly, are the ideological center of the novel. The course of life in Moscow in the 1930s merges with the Master’s narration about Pontius Pilate.

Hunted in modern life, the genius of the Master finally finds peace in Eternity. As a result, the storylines of the two novels are completed, converging at one spatio-temporal point - in Eternity, where the Master and his hero Pontius Pilate meet and find “forgiveness and eternal shelter.” Unexpected turns, situations and characters of the biblical chapters are mirrored in the Moscow chapters, contributing to such a plot conclusion and the disclosure of the philosophical content of Bulgakov's narrative.

Features of the composition, genre originality novel

"Master and Margarita"

Lesson type: research lesson

Everything came true... To everyoneThe purpose of the lesson:

will be given according to his faith! 1) understand the writer’s intention,

think about the genre and

compositions of the novel, replacing

to read and comprehend the cross-

points of the lines of the work,

understand the idea of ​​the novel;

2) develop analytical

thinking, work skills

with artistic text,

with ICT, monologue speech;

3) instill interest in creativity

the writer’s thoughts, to understand the moral

natural lessons

During the classes.

I. Teacher's opening speech .

Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” has many faces, like art itself: it is romance and realism, painting and clairvoyance. In many ways, this is a novel of secrets that are not revealed to everyone. Let's try to lift the veil of secrets and look into the world of Bulgakov's heroes. Let's try to understand what the essence of the multifaceted and multi-level narrative is, why such a novel was written, what lessons we should learn from this work.

The novel, which incorporates the infinity of time and the immensity of space, is still interesting today, because it is about the tragedy of talent and love, about good and evil, about torment of conscience. And this is characteristic of people at all times. Even today, it does not allow our souls to be lazy, it forces us to reflect on the problems of the novel, and, therefore, touch ours.
What forces shape the destinies of people and themselves? historical process? What underlies human behavior - a coincidence of circumstances, a series of accidents, predestination or adherence to chosen ideals and ideas? And if a person’s life is truly woven from accidents, then can he vouch for tomorrow, for his future, or be responsible for others? What is the truth in this chaotic world? Are there any immutable categories or is it fluid, changeable, and then we are driven only by the fear of power or death, the thirst for power and wealth? - these are the questions that the author poses in his novel. But aren’t these our questions, the questions of life today?
Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" is unique. And, like anything significant work, conceals unknown depths.

Let’s fill out the table “I know, I found out, I want to know”

2. Call stage. Teacher's word:

I hand out cards with text.

You will mark with graphic icons + - knew, ? – it’s not clear, - I don’t agree, * - I can add.

INSERT

Bulgakov read the novel “The Master and Margarita” first to his acquaintances, and the novel, which was distinguished by its great political acuteness, made a great impression on the listeners. In the first edition, the novel had variant titles: “The Black Magician”, “The Engineer’s Hoof”, “Juggler with a Hoof”, “Son of Belial”, “Woland’s Tour”. But this version was burned by the writer himself, leaving only the roots of the manuscript. When work resumed, Margarita and her companion, the future Master, appeared in the rough sketches. Due to work in Bolshoi Theater Bulgakov did not have time to correct the written text, and he had the idea of ​​leaving his work in the theater. The novel was recognized as the main work of life, designed to determine the fate of the writer. “Finish it before you die!” - Bulgakov writes in the margins of one of the pages, feeling the approach of a fatal disease - nephrosclerosis.

Already in the early editions of the novel, the action began with a scene on the Patriarch's Ponds, there was a session of black magic, and a scene with fantastic money, and Berlioz's funeral. In preparation for writing the novel, Bulgakov read a lot: the Bible, Russian and foreign classics, “The Life of Jesus” by E. Renan, F. Farrar “The Life of Jesus Christ”, A. Muller “Pontius Pilate, the fifth procurator of Judea and the judge of Jesus of Nazareth”, D. Strauss “The Life of Jesus”, a dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, works on demonology, studied the works of artists. Researchers have calculated that there are 506 characters in the novel. Bulgakov completed the first version in 1934, and the last in 1938. During the writer's lifetime, the novel was not published, although over the course of 20 years the writer's wife Elena Sergeevna made 6 attempts to break through the censorship. At the end of 1966 The Moscow magazine still publishes the novel, but 12% of the text was removed. The appearance of the novel, which not everyone had read, even in an abridged form, had a stunning effect. They began publishing Bulgakov’s works and studying his work only in the eighties of the 20th century.

The novel enjoys enormous popularity and attention from both readers and literary critics.

Teacher's word:

The novel "The Master and Margarita" has a very complex composition. Literary scholars distinguish three different worlds: Yershalaim from the time of Jesus Christ, contemporary to the author - the action takes place in Moscow, eternal supermundane otherworldly.

Question: Why the action takes place in Bulgakov’s contemporary setting is understandable, but how can we explain the writer’s parallel appeal to the gospel events of two thousand years ago, to the other world?

HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF THE NOVEL.

Bulgakov dated the start of work on “The Master and Margarita” in different manuscripts as either 1928 or 1929. In the first edition, the novel had variant titles “Black Magician”, “Engineer’s Hoof”, “Juggler with a Hoof”, “”, “Tour”. It was a full-blown devilish drama, where the action was concentrated around Woland's Moscow adventures. The first edition of “The Master and Margarita” was destroyed by the author on March 18, 1930 after receiving news of the ban on the play “The Cabal of the Holy One.” Bulgakov reported this in a letter to the government: “And I personally, with my own hands, threw a draft of a novel about the devil into the stove...”

Work on The Master and Margarita resumed in 1931. Rough sketches were made for the novel, and Margarita and her nameless companion, called Faust, already appeared here, and in the final text - the Master, and Woland acquired his wild retinue. The second edition had the subtitle “Fantastic novel” and variant titles “Great Chancellor”, “Satan”, “Here I am”, “Black Magician”, “Consultant’s Hoof”.

In the second half of 1936, Bulgakov wrote new versions of the first five chapters. Thus, work began on the third edition of the novel, which was initially called “The Prince of Darkness,” but already in 1937 the now well-known title “The Master and Margarita” appeared. In May–June 1938, the full text was reprinted for the first time. The epilogue was written by M. Bulgakov on May 14, 1939.

Mikhail Afanasyevich was very strict about what was written. On one of the manuscripts he made a note: “I won’t die until I finish.” Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova recalled: “When at the end of his illness he almost lost his speech, sometimes only the ends of words or the beginnings of words came out. There was a case when I was sitting next to him, as always, on a pillow on the floor, near the head of his bed, he made it clear to me that he needed something, that he wanted something from me. I offered him medicine and drink, but I clearly understood that this was not the point. Then I guessed and asked: “Your things?” He nodded in a way that said “yes” and “no.” I said: “The Master and Margarita?” He, terribly delighted, made a sign with his head that “yes, this is it.” And he squeezed out two words: “So that they know, so that they know.”

Bulgakov wrote “The Master and Margarita” for a total of more than 10 years. Simultaneously with writing the novel, work was underway on plays, dramatizations, librettos, but this novel was a book that he was unable to part with, a novel-fate, a novel-testament. The novel incorporates almost all of the works written by Bulgakov:

Moscow life, captured in the essays “On the Eve”,

Satirical fiction and mysticism, tested in stories of the 20s,

Motives of knightly honor and troubled conscience in the novel “ White Guard“, - the dramatic theme of the fate of a persecuted artist, developed in “Moliere”, a play about Pushkin and “Theatrical Novel”...

In addition, the picture of life in the unfamiliar eastern city depicted in “Run” prepared the description of Yershalaim. And the very method of moving back in time - to the first century of the history of Christianity and forward - to the utopian dream of “peace” was reminiscent of the plot of “Ivan Vasilyevich”.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” was not completed and was not published during the author’s lifetime. Because it's the greatest literary work reached the reader, we are indebted to the writer’s wife Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova, who during the difficult Stalinist times managed to preserve the manuscript of the novel. She became her husband’s guardian angel, never doubted him, and supported his talent with her faith. She recalled: “Mikhail Afanasyevich once told me: “The whole world was against me - and I was alone. Now it’s just the two of us, and I’m not afraid of anything.” She vowed to her dying husband to publish the novel. I tried this 6 or 7 times without success. But the strength of her loyalty overcame all obstacles. 26 years after Bulgakov’s death in 1966, the novel was published in the Moscow magazine, albeit in an abridged version (a total of 159 deletions of the text were made). In the same year, the novel was published in full in Paris and immediately translated into many European languages. In Bulgakov’s homeland, the full text of “The Master and Margarita” appeared only in 1973.

3.Comprehension

1. Now let's try to determine the genre of the work. I think no one doubts that this is a novel. We’ll just remember once again the definition of this genre using reference books.

Working with reference books. (Presentation)

Creating a cluster (Appendix No. 2)

A novel (from French - roman) is a genre of narrative literature that reveals the history of several, sometimes many, human destinies over a long period of time, sometimes entire generations. Specific feature The novel in its classical form is the branching of the plot, reflecting the complexity of relationships in society, depicting a person in the system of his social connections, character - in conditioning by the environment. Thus, the novel is a genre that allows you to convey the most profound and complex processes of life.

^ Students provide evidence

Characters in the novel – 150

Plot is a system of events in work of art, revealing characters characters and the writer’s attitude to the life phenomena depicted

4 storylines:

Philosophical - Pontius Pilate and Yeshua Ga – Nozri

Love - The Master and Margarita

Mystical – Woland and his retinue

Satirical – Moscow and Muscovites.

^ Teacher's Word

So, I believe that you were able to prove that this is a novel. But novels can be different: historical, adventure, science fiction, etc., it all depends on the theme or ideological and emotional assessment. What definition would you give to Bulgakov's novel? Let's express our opinions and try to justify them.

Student answers.

Love (the story of the relationship between the Master and Margarita)

Mystical (Woland and his retinue, Satan's ball)

Fantastic

Everyday life (paintings of Moscow everyday life)

Philosophical (eternal themes are raised: good and evil, truth and lies, loyalty and betrayal, responsibility for one’s actions, etc.)

Autobiographical (a climate of persecution, lack of livelihood, complete renunciation of literary and public life, constant anticipation of arrest, denunciation articles, devotion and dedication of the woman he loves.)

(the guys form a cluster, one of the pair reads out)

2. Now let's turn to the composition of the work. What is composition?

(Appendix No. 4), creating a cluster

^ Working with the reference book

Question: What is unusual about the structure (composition) of the novel “The Master and Margarita”?

Combining stories about these two worlds in one novel. This is a novel within a novel. And one world is reflected in another world, like in a mirror.

At home you should have made a table and filled it out:

"Two worlds. Parallels and Reflections"

Students continue the table, read out possible parallels and explain why they decided that the episodes were parallel.

The table can be designed as an individual map on a computer. Or suggest creating an electronic encyclopedia book, where all stages of the analysis of the novel will be reflected on separate pages.

Composition (from Latin compositio - composition, connection, connection) - construction, arrangement and interconnection of all parts, images, episodes, scenes of a work.

What is the peculiarity of the composition of the novel “The Master and Margarita”? (A novel within a novel: Bulgakov writes a novel about the Master, and the Master writes about Pontius Pilate)

How does the composition of the novel “The Master and Margarita” differ from other novels in the novel? Which chapters tell about Pontius Pilate?

^ Student answers (working with text)

Chapter 2 “Pontius Pilate” (Woland tells Berlioz and Bezdomny). Chapter 16 “Execution” (The homeless man saw in a dream in a madhouse) Chapter 19 - Azazello reads an excerpt from the manuscript. Chapter 25, Chapter 26 "Burial", Chapter 27 - Margarita reads the resurrected manuscripts in the basement.

^ Teacher's Word

The chapters of the insert novel about one day of the Roman procurator do not follow one another, but are dispersed in the main narrative.

To tie everything together, he uses a special compositional technique - “braces”, repeating sentences that end one chapter and begin the next (students give examples from the text).

Novels are written as if different people, therefore, they are contrasted in the manner of narration.

The story about the events that took place in Yershalaim is coldly objective, tragically tense and impersonal. The author does not declare himself in any way - neither by addressing the reader, nor by expressing his opinion about what is happening.

The novel about the master, Woland, and Muscovites was written in a completely different way. It is marked by the personalized personality of the author, who turned his entire narrative to the reader. This author expresses his attitude towards the events and characters: sympathy, joy, grief, indignation.

The plot of the novel written by the Master is one of deep traditions world literature. In this regard, it is enough to recall such works as “Paradise Regained” by J. Milton, “Jesus Christ in Flanders” by O. Balzac, “Christ Visiting the Men” by N. Leskov and others. We have already noted that there are many fantastic scenes in Bulgakov’s novel. Let's think

In what part of the work should miracles occur? Why do you think so? Is this really true in Bulgakov's novel? What events did the author refuse to describe at all?

Where do fantastic events take place? Give examples.

3. Reflection

Teacher

· Did we find the answer to the question posed at the beginning of the lesson?

To summarize everything that was said in today’s lesson, I would like to say once again that Bulgakov’s work is unusual both in genre and in composition. I think you were able to verify this today. But we have just begun studying the novel, and many more amazing discoveries await us ahead.

^ Homework.

In the next lesson we will dwell on the events that took place in Yershalaim. Name the characters that will be featured in the next lesson. (Pontius Pilate, Yeshua Ha - Nozri, Matthew Levi, Judas, Rat Slayer, Caiaphas, Afranius)

2.If desired, prepare a message about one of the characters.

3. Answer the test questions on the content of the named chapters