What brings together and what separates these heroes of the novel "Fathers and Sons"?

Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov are connected by a nihilistic theory, social movement youth who understood the need for urgent reforms. Arkady's ardent desire to participate in the birth of new ideas for reforming society brought him under the tutelage of Bazarov, who liked the role of mentor and teacher, which is why he tried to get closer to Arkady. At first, the “student” really wanted to please the “teacher”; he even began to “re-educate” his father, Nikolai Petrovich. As it turned out later, Arkady and Evgeny actually had neither friendship nor a common cause. Later, Bazarov calls his “student” a “soft liberal gentleman” in whom there is “neither insolence nor anger”, and therefore he is not suitable “for a bitter, tart, bourgeois life.” And Arkady himself understood that their paths would diverge: he would get married, and having created a family, he would continue the family traditions of the Kirsanov nobles.

Bazarov needed supporters, followers, students, like a retinue for a king. And Arkady is convinced of this when he asks about Sitnikov: “...why is he here?” Bazarov’s answer shows the bottomless abyss of his pride: “You, brother, are still stupid... We need the Sitnikovs. I... need idiots like this. It’s really not for the gods to burn pots.” Arkady understands that he, too, is one of the “boobies,” and this offends him.

To reveal the ideological content of the novel great importance has an episode where the characters talk while lying on the hay. The ideological dispute that began on the Kirsanov estate continues here. Arkady, who seemed to be like-minded with Bazarov, gradually realizes how far his ideas about the impending changes in life are from the nihilistic theory of his friend and mentor.
In the previous (XIX chapter) the author notes that “for some time now a kind of false, cheeky banter has been established between both young people, which always serves as a sign of secret displeasure or unspoken suspicions.” It was on this evening that Arkady realized that Bazarov despises those who consider themselves his students. He himself did not feel respect for Sitnikov and Kukshina, but he would not want to subject them to insults, although he sometimes unwittingly participates in very unpleasant scenes of humiliation of “like-minded people.”

The conversation of young people under a haystack helps to reveal new sides of Bazarov’s character and his relationship with Arkady. Bazarov's tragic situation is that he is rejected by the woman he loves. But even Arkady does not understand his friend, although Evgeny admitted to him that he was defeated. For the first time, Bazarov realized what a collapse in thoughts and hopes was. He is deeply worried, he has lost weight, cannot sleep, is almost sick. For him, who denied love as romanticism and unforgivable stupidity, the truth was suddenly revealed: the human heart is capable of deep and strong feelings when the mind and life are subordinated to one goal - to be close to the beloved. Until recently, Bazarov did not seek to commit himself to a serious relationship with a woman and could have acted like others: “God give me legs.” Now Evgeniy assures Arkady that he is not like that. It turned out that the test of love revealed the strong, robust nature of a person capable of responsibly resolving issues of relations between a man and a woman. But it was precisely during this turning point and difficult period for Bazarov that he was suddenly thrown away by a blow of denial, like an unnecessary object or an undesirable phenomenon in the life of the one who had become dearer to him than anything in the world.

In a conversation with Arkady under a haystack, Bazarov promises that he will no longer talk about feelings. He struggles with his pain, trying to be philosophical about what is happening. He is looking for a fulcrum and talks about the insignificance of a grain of sand, an “atom”, a “mathematical point” in comparison with world space, in comparison with the universe: “... and the part of time that I manage to live is so insignificant before eternity.. ." deep melancholy and tragic loneliness sound in these words of Bazarov, who begins to realize that he is losing not only the barely born hope of happiness of being loved, but in general in life he is alone: ​​there are no real students, no like-minded people, and he has long been estranged from his parents.

Bazarov, in a dispute with Arkady, declares that he has not yet met his equals among those around him, which explains his contempt for people. He also recalls how he felt hatred for a man for whom “one should try public figures"to improve the life of the peasant. Evgeny uttered these words as they walked past the good-quality house of the headman of the peasant community in the village where Bazarov’s parents lived. Evgeniy begins to contradict himself: he is dissatisfied with everything, he is tormented by hatred, and he no longer wants to devote his life to the struggle for something new. Arkady tries to stop his friend, reminding him that it is possible to reach an agreement until the nihilists have no principles, and Bazarov says that there are no principles, but only sensations.

In the dispute, they reach contradictions in relation to literature, to the thinking abilities of a person and his speech. “Don’t speak beautifully,” Bazarov urges Arkady when he compares a falling leaf to the flight of a butterfly. Arkady is outraged by such an imposition of the elder’s will, as well as by the arrogance of the “teacher”, who predicts his life “in the footsteps” of his uncle and at the same time calls Pavel Petrovich an idiot. As a result, the friends almost quarreled, and A. Kirsanov suggested that “no friendship can withstand such clashes for long.”

The episode showed that the time has come for Arkady Kirsanov to move away from Bazarov, their paths will soon diverge. It was in a conversation under a haystack that the “student” showed a desire to break free from the power of the “teacher” and boldly objected to him. They have different points of view on love, on marriage, on attitudes towards parents, different views on life goals, on social movements, attitudes towards peasants, on the role of a person in society. They argue about the principles of aristocrats and the “feelings” of nihilists, about Pushkin and the peculiarities of human speech, about the sense of justice.

The author does not express obvious sympathy for any of the characters, but his attitude is conveyed through speech characteristics, through the perception of nature (the old noble house and greenery around), through statements about Bazarov’s parents. The author’s attitude towards the characters is manifested through colloquial expressions and evaluative epithets: “this idiot would be glad”, “I’ll grab you by the throat”, long and stiff fingers, an ominous face, a serious threat, a wry smile, if we're talking about about Bazarov, but “involuntary timidity” if the state of Arkady is described, who “resists as if jokingly.”

Arkady, as it turned out, was much closer in his beliefs to the aristocrats than to the nihilist Bazarov. He loved nature, poetry and music; he could not be annoyed by his father’s passion for playing the cello. And he also had the desire to run the household correctly and economically, to work on the family estate. Later, Arkady even achieves some success on his estate.
Attitude towards love and family values Arkady's also differed from Eugene's nihilistic views.
A. Kirsanov falls in love, he is happy in love and becomes a good family man.

Bazarov’s monologues helped to better know and understand the hero, but then there was an aggravation of contradictions between the young people, and dialogues with Arkady revealed a tendency towards divergence not only in beliefs, but also in the paths they would take next.

Reviews

In school lessons I didn’t understand Bazarov. Now, having some life experience, I can say: Bazarov is building his life, but he himself does not fully understand the essence of his personality. He is not the way he sees himself. Hence all his contradictions.

Best regards, Galina

PS. I love Turgenev! And I disagree with D. Bykov: Turgenev is not a forgotten author.

Rkady and Bazarov

After its publication in 1862, Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” caused

literally a barrage of critical articles. None of the public

the camps did not accept Turgenev’s new creation. Liberal criticism is not

could forgive the writer for the fact that representatives of the aristocracy,

hereditary nobles are depicted ironically that the “plebeian” Bazarov

mocks them all the time and is morally superior to them.

Democrats perceived the novel's protagonist as an evil parody.

Critic Antonovich, who collaborated in the Sovremennik magazine, called

Bazarov "Asmodeus of our time."

But all these facts, it seems to me, speak in favor of

I.S. Turgeneva. Like a real artist, creator, he was able to guess

the trends of the era, the emergence of a new type, the type of commoner democrat,

who replaced the advanced nobility. The main problem,

set by the writer in the novel, it sounds in its title: “Fathers and

children". This name has double meaning. On the one hand, this

problem of generations - eternal problem classical literature, With

the other is a conflict between two socio-political forces operating in

Russia in the 60s: liberals and democrats.

The characters in the novel are grouped depending on their

which of the socio-political camps can we attribute them to?

But the point is that main character Evgeny Bazarov turns out to be

the only representative of the camp of “children”, the camp of democrats -

commoners. All other heroes are in the hostile camp.

The central place in the novel is occupied by the figure of the new man -

Evgenia Bazarova. He is presented as one of those young figures

who "want to fight". Others are older people who

do not share Bazarov’s revolutionary democratic beliefs.

They are depicted as petty, weak-willed people with mean,

limited interests. The novel features nobles and

commoners of 2 generations - “fathers” and “children”. Turgenev shows

how a commoner democrat acts in an environment alien to him.

In Maryino, Bazarov is a guest who is distinguished by his

democratic appearance from the landowners. And with Arkady he

differ in the main thing - in their ideas about life, although at first they

are considered friends. But their relationship still cannot be called

friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship

cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. On

Throughout the novel, the submission of a weak nature is observed

stronger: Arkady - Bazarov. But still Arkady gradually

acquired his own opinion and stopped blindly repeating

Bazarov's judgments and opinions of a nihilist. He can't handle arguments

and expresses his thoughts. One day their argument almost led to a fight.

The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in Kirsanov’s “empire”.

Bazarov is busy with work, studying nature, Arkady

sybaritizes, does nothing. It is clear that Bazarov is a man of action.

immediately across his red bare arm. Yes, indeed, he is in any

environment, in any home, he tries to get busy. His main business

Natural sciences, study of nature and testing of theoretical

discoveries in practice. attraction to science is a typical feature

cultural life of Russia in the 60s, which means that Bazarov keeps pace with

time. Arkady is the complete opposite. He's nothing

he is busy, none of the serious matters really attracts him.

For him, the main thing is comfort and peace, for Bazarov - not to sit idle,

work, move.

They form completely different judgments regarding

art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady

trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Arkady is always neat,

neat, well dressed, he has aristocratic manners. Bazarov is not

considers it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in

noble life. This is reflected in all his actions, habits,

manners, speech, appearance.

A major disagreement arose between the "friends" in a conversation about the role

nature in human life. Here you can see Arkady's resistance

According to Bazarov, the “student” is gradually getting out of control

"teachers". Bazarov hates many, Arkady has no enemies. "You,

a gentle soul, a slob,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady

cannot be his associate. The "disciple" cannot live without

principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Paul

Petrovich. But Bazarov appears before us as a man of the new

generation that replaced the “fathers” who were unable to decide

main problems of the era. Arkady is a man belonging to the old

generation, the generation of "fathers".

Pisarev very accurately assesses the reasons for the disagreements between

"student" and "teacher", between Arkady and Bazarov: "Attitude

Bazarova to his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; at

Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who

I wouldn't give up on him. Bazarov's personality closes in on itself,

because outside of her and around her there are almost no people related to her

elements".

Rkady wants to be the son of his age and puts ideas on himself

Bazarov, who absolutely cannot grow together with him. He

belongs to the category of people who are always looked after and never

noticing guardianship. Bazarov treats him patronizingly and

almost always mockingly, he understands that their paths will diverge.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" was the result of the thoughts of I.S. Turgenev about the search for the hero of time. At this turning point for the country, each of the writers wanted to create an image that would represent the person of the future. Turgenev could not find in modern society a person who would embody all his expectations.

The image of the main character and his views

Bazarov, whose views on life still remain interesting object study is central character novel. He is a nihilist, that is, a person who does not recognize any authority. He questions and ridicules everything that has been established in society as worthy of respect and veneration. Nihilism determines Bazarov's behavior and attitude towards others. It is possible to understand what Turgenev’s hero is like only when the main plot lines in the novel are examined. The main thing to pay attention to is between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, as well as Bazarov’s relationship with Anna Odintsova, Arkady Kirsanov and his parents.

Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

The clash between these two characters reveals the external conflict in the novel. Pavel Petrovich is a representative of the older generation. Everything about his behavior irritates Evgeniy. From the very moment of their meeting, they experience antipathy towards each other, the heroes conduct dialogues and disputes, in which Bazarov shows himself most clearly. The quotes he utters regarding nature, art, and family can be used as separate means of characterizing him. If Pavel Petrovich treats art with trepidation, then Bazarov denies its value. For representatives of the older generation, nature is a place where you can relax both body and soul, feel harmony and peace within yourself, it needs to be appreciated, it is worthy of artists’ paintings. For nihilists, nature is “not a temple, but a workshop.” Most of all, people like Bazarov value science, in particular, the achievements of German materialists.

Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov

Bazarov's attitude towards others characterizes him in general as a good-natured person. Of course, he does not spare those people for whom he feels antipathy. Therefore, it may even seem that he is too arrogant and arrogant. But he always treated Arkady with warmth. Bazarov saw that he would never become a nihilist. After all, he and Arkady are too different. Kirsanov Jr. wants to have a family, tranquility, home comfort... He admires Bazarov’s intelligence, the strength of his character, but he himself will never be like that. Bazarov does not behave very noblely when Arkady is visiting his parents' house. He insults Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich, calling them pompous aristocrats. Such behavior reduces the image of the main character.

Bazarov and Anna Odintsova

The heroine who becomes the cause internal conflict in the soul of the main character. It's very beautiful and clever woman, she captivates everyone with a certain coldness and majesty. And so Evgeny, confident that mutual affection is impossible between people, falls in love. Some “woman” was able to conquer him, as Bazarov himself first calls Odintsova. His views crumble to pieces. However, the heroes are not destined to be together. Bazarov is unable to recognize Odintsova’s power over himself. He is in love, he suffers, his declaration of love is more like an accusation: “You achieved your goal.” In turn, Anna is also not ready to give up her peace of mind; she is ready to give up love, just not to worry. Bazarov’s life cannot be called happy, because at first he was convinced that there was no love, and then, when he truly fell in love, the relationship did not work out.

Relationships with parents

Bazarov's parents are very kind and sincere people. They are in their talented son. Bazarov, whose views do not allow tenderness, is too cold towards them. The father tries to be unobtrusive, is embarrassed to pour out his feelings in front of his son, and does his best to reassure his wife, telling her that she is bothering her son with excessive care and concern. Fearing that Evgeny will leave their house again, they try in every possible way to please him.

Attitude towards pseudo-nihilists

There are two characters in the novel, Bazarov’s attitude towards them is contemptuous. These are the pseudo-nihilists Kukshin and Sitnikov. Bazarov, whose views supposedly appeal to these heroes, is an idol for them. They themselves are nothing. They flaunt their nihilistic principles without actually adhering to them. These heroes shout slogans without understanding their meaning. Evgeniy despises them and demonstrates his disdain in every possible way. In his dialogues with Sitnikov, he is clearly much taller. Bazarov's attitude towards the pseudo-nihilists around him elevates the image of the protagonist, but lowers the status of the nihilistic movement itself.

So, the way Bazarov treats people allows us to better understand his image. He is cold in communication, sometimes arrogant, but still he is a kind young man. I can't say it's bad. The defining factors in them are the hero’s views on life and the interaction of people. Of course, his most important virtue is honesty and intelligence.

Arkady and Bazarov are very different people, and the friendship that arose between them is all the more surprising. Despite the young people belonging to the same era, they are very different. It is necessary to take into account that they initially belong to different circles of society. Arkady is the son of a nobleman, he early childhood absorbed what Bazarov despises and denies in his nihilism. Father and uncle Kirsanov are intelligent people who value aesthetics, beauty and poetry. From Bazarov’s point of view, Arkady is a soft-hearted “barich”, a weakling. Bazarov does not want to admit that the liberality of the Kirsanovs is a consequence of deep education, artistic talent and high spirituality of nature. Bazarov denies such qualities as completely unnecessary. However, in this case we are talking not only about intelligence, but also about the deep continuity of the experience of previous generations, about the preservation of traditions and everything cultural heritage.

The family theme played a big role in Russian literature, so the demonstration of intra-family conflict turned out to be revolutionary. The integrity and harmony of society was measured by the unity of the family. Consequently, such problems turned out to be not just family problems, but also problems of the entire society.

Bazarov attracted Arkady with his sharpness, originality and courage. For the young “barich” such personalities were a novelty. Arkady has become a kind of embodiment of youth, which is drawn to everything new and unusual, is easily carried away by new ideas, and has a keen interest in life in all its manifestations. Arkady is looking for his own life path by trial and error. His attitude towards traditions, authorities and other things important to his father is quite frivolous. He lacks the wisdom of age, tolerance and consideration for other people that his father has. The conflict between Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich does not carry any political origin, it is cleared of social motives. Its essence is the eternal misunderstanding between youth and old age. However, this situation does not at all contradict the nature of things. On the contrary, old age is a guarantor of the preservation of moral values, cultural heritage and traditions in society. Youth, in turn, ensures the movement of progress with its craving for everything new and unknown.

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is a completely different matter. He came from a simple family, he is even somewhat ashamed of his parents. He is harsh, at times rude, decisive, categorical in his judgments and categorical in his conclusions. He quite sincerely believes that a good chemist is worth twenty poets. He does not understand the role of culture in society. He proposes to destroy everything so that clean slate start writing history again. This sometimes drives Pavel Petrovich, with whom he argues, into despair. We see maximalism on both sides taken to the extreme. Neither one nor the other wants to give in to each other and admit that their opponent is right. This is their main mistake. All sides are right up to a point. Pavel Petrovich is also right when he speaks of the need to preserve the heritage of his ancestors, and Bazarov is also right when he speaks of the need for change. Both of these sides are sides of the same coin. Both are sincerely concerned about the fate of their native country, but their methods are different.

The friendship of Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov begins to crack when Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova, and Arkady with Katya. Here their differences are fully revealed. If feeling is difficult for Bazarov, he cannot surrender to love, then Arkady and Katya learn to be themselves. Bazarov moves away from his friend, as if feeling his rightness, and not his own.

The image of Arkady was drawn in order to set off the image of Bazarov and show the versatility of human nature and the same social problem. This makes the image of Bazarov even more lonely and tragic. Bazarov is considered, like Rudin, Pechorin, Onegin and Oblomov, “ extra person" He has no place in this life, although such rebels always arise in troubled times.