Literature – 10th grade.

Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics"

(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)

Lesson objectives: identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.

Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.

Students should know:

Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;

The main idea of ​​the work;

Main images.

Students should be able to:

Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;

Summarize and systematize educational material;

Improve your skills in working with text;

Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.

During the classes.

IOrg moment.

IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2,

chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)

IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.

1.introduction.

Good afternoon guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).

Work plan:

1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)

2.Build and write down a chain of keywords that reveal the character of Stolz and Oblomov (check homework)

3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.

Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:

- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?

Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double

2. Vocabulary work.

Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters globe(geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?

Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)

(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:

In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;

In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the paintings happy life on the estate, full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;

Stolz also appears in “Oblomov’s Dream”, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere of childhood that shaped the hero.

Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.

3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”

(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).

We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life And life position. In the conclusion column we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.

4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)

- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

b)Origin:

…

…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates from the university with flying colors, successfully serves, retires to take care of his own business; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that ships goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of ​​balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.

c) Education.

- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.

His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “And what about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)

His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)

Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.

Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.

What impression does this scene make on you?

How can you comment on this?

What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?

Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.

His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).

A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”

Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?

Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).

d).Education:

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”

Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.

What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?

e) Established program.

Oblomov

Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).

“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”

What was Stolz most afraid of?

Substantiating their answers with text, the students say that dreams and imagination (“optical illusion,” as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).

Stolz

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and stormy activity - active Start

“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business - they choose it. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”

- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?

Students: “Live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and bring the vessel of life to last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in Chapter 8 of the first part).

Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.

The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!

- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)

This is not life!

- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)

(Physical education minute)

Introductory speech about the meaning of life.

Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)

In what setting does the conversation take place?

What is I. Oblomov talking about?

How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?

e) Outlook on life

Oblomov

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz.

g) Purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)

g) Perception of life

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)

Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?

- Is there one answer to this question?

(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)

Teacher: In conversations (arguments) often the last word the author gives Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).

Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?

Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

Oblomov

Stolz

Peace (apathy)

“...he is constantly on the move...”

Sleep (inactivity)

"equilibrium practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit"

A dream is a “shell, self-deception”

“he was afraid of every dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”

Fear of circumstances

“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"

The aimlessness of existence

“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)

Labor is punishment

“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)

Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed

- Is Stolz too positive in his views?

Or maybe Oblomov is right: people looking for meaning in social life- dead people, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!

Is Oblomov’s poetic perception of life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?

Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?

Result:

- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?

(Give your reasons. What values ​​(which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)

- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?

Student answers:

Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed the conviction that love, with the power of the Archimedes lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.

- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)

h) Friendship

- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.

Characteristics of heroes:

Oblomov and Stolz

1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.

2. Stolz . Strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.

Answer to the problematic question: Are Oblomov and Stolz twins or antipodes? (student's words).

V Summarizing.

Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.

- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?

Oblomov dies, leaving his son.

Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.

Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.

Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.

So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!

Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further independent adult life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, coming out of the soft teenage years into stern, embittering courage, take away all human movements, do not leave them on the road, you will not pick them up later!”

VI . Homework :

Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:

Individual tasks:

1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)

2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)

3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new flat on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.

Ratings

Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face.”

the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

Origin

from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.

…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman

Upbringing

his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.

Education

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow

Embedded program

… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.

… energy and vigorous activity are an active principle.

Outlook on life

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...

The purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”

Friendship

There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.

Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.

Perception of life

Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: it will pinch you on the sly, then suddenly it will come right from the forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.

Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “...“life touches!” "And thank God!" - said Stolz.

Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

Test of love

he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)

he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

The great Russian writer, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, published his second novel “Oblomov” in 1859. It was a very difficult time for Russia. Society was divided into two parts: the first, and the minority - those who understood the need to abolish serfdom, those who were not satisfied with life ordinary people in Russia; the second, the majority, are landowners, “lords”, wealthy people whose life consisted of spending idle time, that is, those who lived at the expense of the peasants who belonged to them. In the novel, the author tells us about the life of the landowner Oblomov, about his friends.

So, the main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. But the author also pays a lot of attention to Oblomov’s best friend, Stolz. Both heroes live at the same time, and it would seem that they should be similar, but is this so?

Oblomov appears before us as a man “... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face.” Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, “thin , he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, darkish and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive.” Oblomov’s parents were Russian nobles who owned several hundred serf souls. Stolz on his father’s side was half German, his mother was a Russian noblewoman. Andrei Ivanovich professed the Orthodox faith and spoke Russian.

Oblomov and Stolz have known each other since childhood; they studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Stolz's father was the manager there. “Maybe Ilyusha would have had time to learn something well from him if Oblomovka had been about five hundred miles from Verkhlevo... The charm of Oblomov’s atmosphere, way of life and habits extended to Verkhlevo;...there, except for Stolz’s house, everything breathed the same primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and stillness.” But Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables and sorted it out from Telemacus’ warehouses.” Concerning physical education, then Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street, and Stolz “took up from the pointer and ran to destroy birds’ nests with the boys,” sometimes disappearing from home for a day. From childhood, Oblomov was surrounded by the tender care of his parents and nanny, and Stolz was brought up in an atmosphere of constant mental and physical labor.

But both Oblomov and Stoltz are already over thirty, what are they like now? Ilya Ilyich turned into a lazy gentleman, whose life is spent lying on the sofa: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like for a lazy person: this was his normal state.” Stolz cannot imagine life without movement: “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to business - they choose it. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”

Comparing Oblomov and Stolz, we see that they are very different, but what unites them? Yes, undoubtedly, friendship, but what else? It seems to me that they are united by an eternal and endless sleep. Oblomov sleeps on his sofa, and Stolz sleeps in his stormy and rich life. “Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks? I completely agree with Oblomov and believe that people who live without a specific, lofty goal simply sleep in pursuit of satisfying their desires.

But who is more needed by Russia, Oblomov or Stolz? Of course, such progressive people as Stolz are simply necessary, especially at the beginning of the third millennium. But the Oblomovs will never die, there is a piece of Oblomov in each of us, we are all a little Oblomov in our souls. It seems to me that the problem of the “sleeping man”, raised in the nineteenth century by Goncharov, is still relevant today. Lenin’s words are well known that even after three revolutions “old Oblomov remained and he had to be washed, cleaned, scuffed and torn for a long time in order for any sense to come out.”

Annex 1

Oblomov

Volkov

Sudbinsky

Penkin

Stolz

Olga

Irrelevant connections

Significant connections

Preview:

Appendix 2

Worksheet #1

Preview:

Preview:

Lesson-research summary

"Oblomov and Stolz (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")"

(2 hours)

Goals:

1. Educational:check and evaluate homework completion; analyze the image of Oblomov; analyze the image of Stolz; select criteria for comparing characters; draw conclusions and formulate them in a short written work.

2. Developmental: develop skills in working with literary text; develop character analysis skills work of art; improve the skills of pair and independent work; improve students' logical and creative thinking; create a psychologically comfortable environment in the classroom.

3. Educational:continue to instill a sense of respect for Russian literature of the 19th century; to cultivate a caring attitude towards the creative heritage of Russian literature; develop the ability to listen and hear each other.

Form of work: lesson-research, conversation, analysis of literary text.

Teaching methods:heuristic, explanatory and illustrative.

Lesson type: combined.

Literary concepts: main character, character, portrait, speech, interior, Comparative characteristics.

Interdisciplinary connections:history, music.

Equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, illustrations for the novel "Oblomov", projector, screen, handouts, presentation in MS.ppt format.

During the classes:

1. Greeting. Goal setting.

Teacher's word: Our lesson today will be dedicated to two characters from the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is Ilya Ilyich himself and his childhood friend Andrei Stolts. Let's think together and decide what we will explore during today's lesson. After all, it is stated as a lesson-research.

Student answers:We must analyze the images of Oblomov and Stolz, select criteria for comparing them, and draw a conclusion.

Teacher's word: Well done! In addition, at the end of our lesson, we will write down the resulting conclusions and try to supplement them ourselves as part of a little independent work.

2. Motivation.

Teacher's word: One of the characteristics literary hero are his relationships with other characters, which helps in many ways to understand this hero. We have already studied in previous lessons the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, briefly touching on the image of another character - Andrei Stolts. To continue working on compiling a profile of Oblomov, you and I must match the names characters novel with the philosophical concepts of “interconnection”, “essential connections”, “non-essential connections”. ( Annex 1. ) To do this, let’s first remember what these concepts mean.

Student answers:Interrelation is the mutual connection of objects, phenomena, etc. with each other, their dependence on each other.

Essential connections are those connections that are the most significant in the relationship between someone or something.

Non-essential connections are those connections that do not play any role in revealing the character's character.

Teacher's word: Next you will need to determine what connections between the characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", will be significant and which will not. We draw a diagram in our notebooks. The work is in pairs. When answering, you will need to justify your opinion.

(Students work with the diagram, as a result they come to the conclusion that among the characters presented, only Olga and Andrei have a significant connection with Oblomov, since it was Ilyinskaya and Stolz who could change Oblomov’s lifestyle.)

Teacher's word: Do you think Oblomov himself is ready to change his life? Prove it with text.

Student response: Yes, since the text contains a quote: “Give me your will and mind and lead me wherever you want. Maybe I’ll follow you...”

Teacher's word: In the lesson we must analyze the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. Let's formulate the problematic questions of the lesson.

Student answers : 1) Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Ilya Oblomov’s lifestyle?

2) Andrei Stolts - the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?

If students formulate only the first (problem) question, the teacher helps with the formulation of the second question: this research question is more specific and helps answer the problem question of the lesson. Students write down the topic and questions of the lesson in their notebooks.

3. Studying new material. Study. Work in groups.

Teacher's word: To answer the question “Is Andrei Stolts the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?” we need to formulate the criteria by which we will compare or contrast the characters, and give the meaning of the words “antipode” and “double”. Let's start by defining the terms. (Implementation of homework.)

Students' words: Antipode – (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

A double is a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

Teacher's word: OK, thank you. Now let's turn to the criteria by which the writer characterizes Stolz and Oblomov, which you were able to identify while reading the text.

Student answers:Appearance (when they appeared before the reader), origin, upbringing, education, laid down program, outlook on life, characteristics of the author, test of love.

Teacher's word: It is by these criteria that we will characterize and compare the characters. Plus, I propose adding one more criterion to the table - “Two faces of Oblomov.”

4. Work in groups (3 groups).

In accordance with these criteria for comparing heroes, students are given a research task:

1) each group choose 2 criteria for comparing heroes (if the guys cannot do this themselves, then the teacher distributes the tasks himself);

3) find material for comparison according to this criterion (write out quotes);

4) give an answer to the research question “Andrei Stolts – an antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?”;

5) formulate an answer to the problematic question of the lesson “Why didn’t Andrei Stolts manage to change Ilya Oblomov’s lifestyle?”;

6) create a worksheet.

5. Exchange of information.

After the research, the guys exchange information using worksheets (Appendix 2, Appendix 3.)

6. Summing up.

Teacher's word: We see that Andrei Stolts is Ilya Oblomov’s double by most criteria. This will also be the reason why Andrei could not change the life of Ilya Oblomov.

7. Reflection. Assessment.

8. Homework assignment.

A written answer to the question “Why did Olga choose Stolz over Oblomy?”

Plan

1. Childhood of the main characters

2. Fatherland and youth

3.Maturity

4.Conclusion

The childhood of the main characters

Oblomov and Stolz grew up almost together. The Oblomov family owned the nearby villages of Sosnovka and Vavilovka, which were most often combined under one name - Oblomovka. Five miles away from them was the village of Verkhlevo. The owner did not appear in it, leaving all management in the hands of Father Stolz. Little Ilya was the center of attention of the whole family. He was pampered and fed sweets. The child was allowed to go out only with the nanny, who was strictly punished not to leave him alone.

Ilya was naturally inquisitive, he wanted to run and frolic, but the nanny immediately stopped all his attempts. The child received complete freedom only after lunch, when all of Oblomovka was immersed in deep dream. Ilya began to explore all available places, but did not dare to go beyond the yard. The child was learning the world mainly from the stories of the mother and the tales of the nanny. Fairytale life replaced real life.

Andrey grew up in Verkhlev. His father was German, his mother was Russian. The elder Stolz dreamed that his son would follow his path. His mother wanted to make him a master. WITH early years Andrey received from his father practical knowledge. Otherwise he was completely free and spent free time with village children. The child had a violent and restless disposition: he fought and destroyed birds’ nests.

When Andrei disappeared for a whole week, Ivan Bogdanovich Stolz did not even worry. When his son finally returned, he only asked if he had made the required translation. Having received a negative answer, the father rudely pushed his son out of the house and said that he could only return with a translation and the role he had learned for his mother. Andrei was missing for another week, but he did everything.

Adolescence and youth

At the age of thirteen, Ilya was apprenticed to Ivan Bogdanovich. Parents did not see any benefit from science. They only heard that nowadays you need a diploma to obtain ranks. Since there were five miles between the villages, Ilya had to go to Stolz for a week. Under a variety of pretexts (holidays, heat, cold), these trips were postponed. Education was unsystematic and of little use. The nanny was replaced by Zakharka, who was obliged to fulfill the slightest desire of the youngster. This spoiled Ilya so much that he soon lost all ability for independent activity.

At the same age, Andrei was already a completely independent person. His father trusted him to go on errands to the city alone and paid him money for it. Moreover, Andrei soon became a tutor at his father’s boarding school and received a salary for this. After graduating from university, young Stolz came to Verkhlevo and lived there for only three months. His father sent him to St. Petersburg, where Oblomov was already located. Childhood friends met in St. Petersburg. At that time, their aspirations were similar. Both dreamed of a great career, travel and discovery.

Oblomov and Stolz often walked together, went out in public, met girls. But Oblomov’s natural laziness took its toll. He became disgusted with the service, and two years later he resigned. Ilya Ilyich increasingly isolated himself in his apartment and ended relationships with acquaintances. Stolz could not help his friend, since on business he constantly traveled not only throughout Russia, but also abroad.

Maturity

When the friends turned thirty years old, it became clear that their characters and lifestyles had formed and were the complete opposite. Ilya Ilyich turned his apartment in St. Petersburg into a small piece of Oblomovka. He spends most of his time in bed. Oblomov's sleep is interrupted only during meals. He is still served by Zakhar, who was taken from the village. The apartment is in terrible disarray. Ilya Ilyich is not able to complete a single task. In his imagination he can develop various plans, but they never receive practical implementation.

By this time, Stolz had traveled the length and breadth of Russia and Europe. He also quit his service, but not out of laziness, but in order to start his own commercial affairs. Andrey is always on the move. Having set a goal for himself, he persistently strives to achieve it. Stolz is considered a cold and insensitive person. This is not entirely true. It’s just that Andrei is too rational, he doesn’t have time to show feelings.

Conclusion

Stolz and Oblomov are radically different in character and lifestyle. This happened due to different upbringings. Representing the complete opposite, Andrei and Ilya remain the most faithful friends, sincerely loving and respecting each other.

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” one of the main techniques for revealing images is the technique of antithesis. Using contrast, the image of the Russian gentleman Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the practical German Andrei Stolz are compared. Thus, Goncharov shows the similarities and differences between these characters in the novel.

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov- a typical representative of the Russian nobility of the 19th century. His social status can be briefly described as follows: “Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, a collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for twelve years without a break.” By nature, Oblomov is a gentle and calm person, trying not to disturb his usual way of life. “His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained by gentleness and laziness, not without a kind of grace.” Oblomov spends whole days at home, lying on his sofa and thinking about the necessary transformations in his Oblomovka estate. At the same time, his face often lacked any definite idea. “The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout the whole face.” Even at home, “he was lost in the rush of everyday worries and kept lying there, tossing and turning from side to side.” Oblomov shuns secular society and generally tries not to go out into the street. His serene state is disturbed only by visitors who come to Oblomov only for selfish purposes. Tarantiev, for example, simply robs Oblomov, constantly borrowing money from him and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim of his visitors, not understanding the real purpose of their visits. Oblomov is so distant from real life that light for him represents eternal vanity without any purpose. “No sincere laughter, no glimmer of sympathy... what kind of life is this?” - exclaims Oblomov, counting communication with secular society a waste of time. But suddenly the calm and measured life of Ilya Ilyich is interrupted. What happened? His friend from his youth, Stolz, arrives, with whom Oblomov pins hopes of improving his situation.

“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old. He served, retired, went about his business, and actually made a house and money.” The son of a burgher, Stolz can be considered the antipode to the idle Russian gentleman of the 19th century Oblomov. From the early childhood he was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually becoming accustomed to the difficulties and hardships of life. His father is German, his mother is Russian, but Stolz inherited practically nothing from her. His father was completely involved in his upbringing, so his son grew up to be just as practical and purposeful. “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.” Unlike Oblomov, Stolz “was afraid of every dream,” “there was no place for the mysterious, the mysterious in his soul.” If for Oblomov the normal state can be called lying down, then for Stolz it is movement. Stolz’s main task was “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life.” But what then connects Oblomov and Stolz? Childhood and school are what connected people so different in character and views for the rest of their lives. However, in his youth, Oblomov was just as active and passionate about knowledge as Stolz. They spent long hours together reading books and studying various sciences. But upbringing and a gentle character still played their role, and Oblomov soon moved away from Stolz. Subsequently, Stolz tries to bring his friend back to life, but his attempts are in vain: “Oblomovism” swallowed up Oblomov.

Thus, the technique of antithesis is one of the main techniques in I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. Using antithesis, Goncharov compares not only the images of Oblomov and Stolz, he also compares the objects and reality surrounding them. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov continues the tradition of many Russian writers. For example, N.A. Ostrovsky in his work “The Thunderstorm” contrasts Kabanikha and Katerina. If for Kabanikha the ideal of life is “Domostroy”, then for Katerina love, honesty and mutual understanding are above all. A, S. Griboyedov in the immortal work “Woe from Wit”, using the technique of antithesis, compares Chatsky and Famusov.

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