"Prisoner of the Caucasus" - a story that is sometimes called a story. He wrote it and tells us about a Russian officer who was captured by the highlanders. The story was first published in the magazine "Zarya" in 1872. It is one of the most popular works the great Russian writer, which went through many reprints. The title of the story is a reference to Pushkin's poem of the same name. In this article we will produce Zhilin and Kostylin. These are the two main characters, the contrast of whose personalities forms the basis of the work. See below for a description of Zhilin and Kostylin.

The beginning of the story

The narrative is based in part on real event, which occurred during Tolstoy’s service in the Caucasus (50s of the 19th century). He wrote in his diary in June 1853 that he was almost captured, but behaved well in this case, although overly sensitive. Lev Nikolaevich, together with his friend, once miraculously escaped pursuit. Lieutenant Tolstoy also had to rescue his comrades from captivity.

Ransom letters written by two officers

The story takes place during the period of Zhilin, an officer serving in the navy. His mother sends her son a letter asking him to visit her, and he leaves the fortress along with the convoy. On the way, he overtakes him along with Kostylin and comes across mounted “Tatars” (that is, Muslim mountaineers).

They shoot the horse, and the officer himself is taken prisoner (his comrade flees). Zilina is taken to a mountain village, after which he is sold to Abdul-Murat. “How did Zhilin and Kostylin meet after that?” - you ask. It turned out that Abdul-Murat was already in captivity by that time Kostylin, a colleague of Zhilin, who was also captured by the Tatars. Abdul-Murat forces Russian officers to write letters home in order to receive a ransom for them. Zhilin indicates the wrong address on the envelope, realizing that the mother will not be able to collect the required amount in any case.

Zhilin and Kostylin in captivity

Kostylin and Zhilin live in a barn; they put pads on their feet during the day. Zhilin fell in love with local children, especially Dina, the 13-year-old daughter of Abdul-Murat, for whom he made dolls. While walking around the surrounding area and the village, this officer wonders how he can escape to the Russian fortress. He digs in the barn at night. Dina sometimes brings him pieces of lamb or flatbread.

Escape of two officers

When Zhilin learns that the inhabitants of this village are alarmed by the death of a fellow villager who died in battle with the Russians, he finally decides to escape. Together with Kostylin, the officer crawls into a tunnel at night. They want to get to the forest, and then to the fortress. But due to the fact that the corpulent Kostylin was clumsy, they did not have time to carry out their plans; the Tatars noticed the young people and brought them back. They are now put in a pit and the stocks are no longer removed at night. Dina sometimes continues to bring food to the officer.

Zilina's second escape

Realizing that their enslavers are afraid that the Russians might soon come, and therefore might kill their captives, Zhilin, at nightfall, one day asks Dina to get a long stick. With her help, he climbs out of the hole. Soggy and sick, Kostylin remains inside. He tries, including with the help of the girl, to knock the lock off the blocks, but he fails. At dawn, having made his way through the forest, Zhilin goes out to the Russian troops. Kostylin was subsequently redeemed from captivity by his comrades, his health in extremely poor health.

Characteristics of the main characters ("Prisoner of the Caucasus", Tolstoy)

Zhilin and Kostylin are Russian officers. They both participate in the war for Zilina, a letter comes from his mother, in which she asks her son to visit her before his death to say goodbye. Without thinking twice, he hits the road. But it was dangerous to travel alone, since at any time he could be captured and killed by the Tatars. We went in a group, and therefore very slowly. Then Zhilin and Kostylin decide to go forward alone. Zhilin was prudent and careful. Having made sure that Kostylin’s gun was loaded and that he had a saber in the scabbard, Zhilin decided to see if the Tatars were visible by climbing the mountain. Climbing higher, he noticed his enemies. The Tatars were very close, and therefore they saw Zhilin.

This brave officer thought that if he managed to run to the gun (which Kostylin had), the officers would be saved. He shouted to his comrade. But the cowardly Kostylin ran away, afraid for his own skin. He committed a vile act. In the way Zhilin and Kostylin met, one can see fate’s mockery of the latter. After all, both were captured in the end, and here they met again. The chief of the Muslim mountaineers said that they had to pay a ransom of 5,000 rubles, and then they would be released. Kostylin immediately wrote a letter home asking for money. And Zhilin answered the mountaineers that if they killed him, they would receive nothing at all, and told them to wait. He deliberately sent his letter to a different address, because the officer felt sorry for his mother, who was seriously ill, and there was no such money in the family. Apart from his mother, Zhilin had no other relatives.

The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin can be supplemented by pointing out how these heroes spent their time in captivity. Zhilin decided that he could and should escape. He dug a tunnel at night, and during the day he made dolls for Dina, who brought food in return.

Kostylin was idle all day and slept at night. And then the time came when preparations for the escape were completed. The two officers fled. They severely abraded their legs on the stones, and Zilina had to carry the weakened Kostylin. Because of this they were captured. This time the officers were put in a hole, but Dina took out a stick and helped her friend escape. Kostylin was afraid to flee a second time and stayed with the mountaineers. Zhilin managed to reach his people. Kostylin was bought out only a month later.

As you can see, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy shows in his story “Prisoner of the Caucasus” the courage and courage of Zhilin and the weakness, cowardice and laziness of his comrade. The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin are opposite, but are built on contrast. To better convey his idea, the author uses a number of techniques. Read about them further.

Analysis of the title of the story "Prisoner of the Caucasus"

It is interesting to analyze the very title of the story - "Prisoner of the Caucasus." Zhilin and Kostylin are two heroes, but the name is given in singular. Tolstoy may have wanted to show by this that a true hero can only be that person who does not give up in the face of difficulties, but actively acts. Passive people become a burden to others in life, not striving for anything and not developing in any way. The author thus shows that not everything in our lives directly depends on circumstances, and each person is the creator of his own destiny.

Names of the main characters

Pay attention also to the names of the heroes, which were not taken by chance by the author, which should also be noted when compiling comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin. Starting to read this work, we don’t yet know the characters of the main characters, but only find out their last names. But we immediately get the feeling that Lev Nikolaevich sympathizes more with Zhilin than with Kostylin. The latter, we think, has a “lame” character, while Zhilin is a strong, “wiry” man with a strong character. Kostylin needs help from outsiders; he is indecisive and dependent. Further events confirm our guesses. The meanings of these rhyming surnames are completely different. Thus, Zhilin is described as a small man, agile and strong. On the contrary, Kostylin is heavy-set, difficult to lift, passive. Throughout the entire work, all he does is prevent his friend from carrying out his plans.

Conclusion

Thus, these two characters are opposite, as evidenced by the author’s description of Zhilin and Kostylin. The main difference between these two officers is that one is a hard-working, active person who believes that a way out of any situation can be found, and the second is a coward, a lazy person, and a lump. Zhilin managed to take root in a hostile environment, which helped this officer escape from captivity. Such an incident would unsettle another person, but this officer is not like that. He did not go home after the end of the story, but remained to serve in the Caucasus. And Kostylin, barely alive, was released from captivity for a ransom. Tolstoy did not say what happened to him next. He probably did not consider it necessary to even mention the further fate of such a worthless person in his work “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” Zhilin and Kostylin - different people, and therefore their fates are different, despite the same life circumstances. This is precisely the idea that Leo Tolstoy wanted to convey to us.

Samuel Marshak noted that the work “Prisoner of the Caucasus” (Tolstoy) is the crown of all books for reading and said that in all world literature it is impossible to find a more perfect example of a story, a short story for children's reading. Description of Zhilin and Kostylin, their characters helps in education younger generation, personality development, because it shows how to behave in difficult situations. The fate of Zhilin and Kostylin is very instructive.

Description of the presentation Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two on the slides

1. Why is the story called “Prisoner of the Caucasus”? “Caucasian captive” Chapter I 2. Who was called the “Caucasian captive” in the story? 3. Name the reason that forced Zhilin to set off on his journey. 4. What was the danger of the path?

“Prisoner of the Caucasus” Chapter I 5. What made Zhilin and Kostylin break away from the guards and go forward?

“Caucasian Prisoner” Chapter I 6. How did the heroes agree to behave when leaving the convoy, and how did they behave when they met the mountaineers?

“Prisoner of the Caucasus” Chapter I 7. Tell us about how Zhilin and Kostylin were captured.

8. How was the fate of Zhilin and then Kostylin in captivity determined? “Prisoner of the Caucasus” Chapter I I 9. What makes Zhilin bargain and give the wrong address?

1. How did Zhilin and Kostylin live in captivity? How was their life different during the month of captivity in the enemy’s camp? 2. With whose help do we get acquainted with the life of a mountain village? 3. How do the Tatars treat Zhilin and Kostylin in the first days of captivity and why? 4. Are the mountaineers right when they call Zhilin “dzhigit” and Kostylin “meek”? Explain the reason for this difference. 5. Why did local residents from nearby villages begin to come to Zhilin? “Prisoner of the Caucasus” Chapter III

comparison table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 1. The meaning of the surname Veins are blood vessels, tendons. A crutch is a stick with a crossbar placed under the arm, which serves as a support for lame people or those with sore legs when walking. Wiry - dry, muscular, with protruding veins 2. Appearance “And although Zhilin was not very tall, he was brave.” “And Kostylin is an overweight, fat man, all red, and the sweat just pours from him.”

Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin 3. Place of residence of the heroes Mountain Tatar village, barn 4. What did the prisoners eat? A flatbread made from millet flour or raw dough and water; milk, cheese cakes, piece of lamb Only a cake made from millet flour or raw dough and water

Comparative table Quality Zhilin Kostylin “Zhilin wrote a letter, but on the letter he wrote it wrong, so that it wouldn’t get through. He himself thinks: “I’ll leave.” “Kostylin wrote home again, he was still waiting for the money to be sent and was bored. He sits in the barn all day long and counts the days until the letter arrives; or asleep” 5. What did the officers do? “And he’s looking out for everything, trying to find out how he can escape. He walks around the village, whistling, or sits and does some handicrafts and sculpts dolls out of clay, or weaves braids from twigs. And Zhilin was a master of all kinds of needlework.”

Zhilin Kostylin We draw a conclusion We characterize Zhilin and Kostylin. Comparison table Active person. In difficult situations he does not lose his fortitude. He makes every effort to get out of the village and escape. All his actions and deeds are subordinated to one goal - liberation. Passive, lazy, inactive, bored, waiting for money to be sent; does not know how to adapt to the situation.

How did Zhilin live for a month? What trick did the hero come up with to climb the mountain? What prevented him from escaping that evening? Why did Zhilin invite Kostylin to run away with him? Explain the reason for Kostylin’s hesitation before escaping? “Prisoner of the Caucasus” Chapter I V

“Zhilin is preparing to escape” Drawing up a story plan based on Materials III and IV chapters 1. Acquaintance with the life of the Tatar village. 2. Work on the tunnel. 3. Finding the road. 4. The escape route is only to the North. 5. Sudden return of the Tatars. 6. Escape.

We draw a conclusion Look how brightly and strongly the character of one person can manifest itself and the character of another cannot manifest itself at all in the same circumstances.

We conclude that one person is helped by patience, endurance, cunning, courage, the desire to be free, and belief in one’s rightness; the other does not show any effort or action to free himself from captivity at the cost of his own efforts, although he also wants to return to his homeland.

Story by L.N. Tolstoy's "Prisoner of the Caucasus" tells the story of the fate of two Russian officers who were captured by the mountaineers during the war. The plot of the story is quite simple. The story is the same for two, but the destinies are different.

The author chooses surnames for the characters that fully correspond to them. Such surnames in literature are called telling ones, because they can tell a lot about their bearer. Zhilin is short, thin, but wiry and agile. Kostylin is an overweight, fat, lazy man, very difficult to lift. The moment when they are first captured can tell a lot about the heroes. When the heroes decided to fight off the caravan, Kostylin insisted that the gun was loaded and the horses were faithful. Therefore, he convinced Zhilin that they could continue their journey alone. Although both were aware of the danger. But we were very tired of driving slowly in such heat.

It was especially difficult for Kostylin. The officers urged their horses forward. But very quickly they came across a Tatar detachment. Kostylin got cold feet and, abandoning his comrade, ran his horse back. The gun also “left” with Kostylin. Zhilin was left alone with the mountaineers, but continued to fight. He did not give up until the last moment, even when his arms were already twisted. In the Tatar’s house it turned out that Kostylin was also captured. His horse stood up and his gun stopped firing. That is, in the presence of a large gap, a frisky stallion and a gun, he was not able to fight back. He was detained after Zilina; there was enough time.

In captivity, Zhilin leads a fairly active lifestyle. He makes clay dolls for Tatar children, repairs watches and even weapons. The entire mountaineer settlement is amazed at his skill and ideas. And even residents of neighboring villages come to him as a master. People come with broken utensils so that he can fix them. In this way he gains the trust and sympathy of the owner. And the owner’s daughter Dina brings him delicious food secretly. He even managed to feed and caress the dog. Zhilin was preparing to escape. They demanded a ransom for them. He bargained for five hundred rubles. But Ivan understood that his mother could not raise that kind of money, and he felt sorry for his mother. And he wrote the wrong address on the envelope. I only hoped to escape. Kostylin, having been captured, slept and lay more and more. I wrote to my family about the ransom of five thousand rubles. And he was just waiting for them to come for him. Zhilin's escape failed only because he took Kostylin with him. He even carried him in his arms for some time, although his legs were just as worn out. But this did not save their escape.

When they were returned back, Zhilin finds a way to escape. Dina helps him. And the exhausted Kostylin is then ransomed for five thousand, having collected money. These heroes different destinies, because the characters are different. Not even characters, but different attitude to life. Only active people who boldly move forward always win. Such as Zhilin.

5th grade. Literature

Several interesting essays

• Images of mayors in the novel The History of a City by Saltykov-Shchedrin, essay on characteristics of Foolov

  The novel “The History of a City,” created by Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin at the end of the nineteenth century, is a truly satirical work that exposes the evils of power, which at that time was absolute

• Theme of the story Taras Bulba by Gogol

  "Taras Bulba" - famous historical story N.V. Gogol. Its main theme is a person’s selfless love for his native land, readiness to protect her from enemies until her last breath

• The meaning, essence and idea of ​​Gorky's story Old Woman Izergil

  While in Bessarabia, Gorky thinks about writing the story Old Woman Izergil. For several years, the writer comprehended the essence of human nature, in which good and bad fight and it is not completely known which will win.

The Russian soldier is a unique personality not only in Russian history, but also in the whole world. The Russians showed their resilience and courage. Russians are feared and respected all over the world. Even at the genetic level they understand

• Blinker in the story Turgenev's Singers essay

  There are people in society whom we do not like, who are not nice to us, but at the same time we respect them. One of these people in the Story “Singers” is Morgach.

What is character?

Vocabulary work: character -

Fate 1. A confluence of life circumstances, a course of events independent of a person’s will (according to superstitious beliefs - the will of God, which predetermines everything that happens in life).
2. Fate, share, life path

1. Working on new material.

1.Student message

At what time do the events described in the story take place?

In the middle of the 19th century there was a difficult situation in the Caucasus, bloody war. Tsar Nicholas I sent his troops to conquer the Caucasian lands. The mountain peoples who lived there showed stubborn resistance to the tsarist troops. On steep mountain roads, in forests and gorges, at river crossings, the mountaineers set up ambushes and took Russian soldiers and officers prisoner.

At that time, L.N. Tolstoy was on military service in the Caucasian Army, participated in the hostilities of Russian troops. One day, having traveled far from his squad, he was almost captured. The writer was rescued from trouble by his companion and friend, the Chechen Sado.

While working on War and Peace, Tolstoy became acquainted with the Memoirs of a Caucasian Officer, published in the Russian Messenger magazine, the author of which was Colonel of the Cuirassier Regiment F.F. Tornau. The author reports under what circumstances he was captured by the mountaineers, how the girl who fell in love with him, Aslan Koz, tried to help him, why his first escape attempt was unsuccessful and how he managed to free himself from captivity. Tolstoy not only became acquainted with Tornau’s memoirs, but also used them for his story “Prisoner of the Caucasus,” which was published in 1852.

Let's turn to the story. Today you will work in groups. Each group has its own tasks. 3-5 minutes are allotted for discussion.

2. Work in groups

Group 1. Why are the surnames Zhilin and Kostylin “speaking”? What meaning does the writer put into their surnames? Find in the text details characterizing the appearance of Zhilin and Kostylin. Explain the meaning of the words: deck and daring and describe the characters.

Group 2 List the reasons why Zhilin and Kostylin were captured. Could the situation have been resolved differently? Under what conditions? Describe the behavior of the heroes during the chase and capture.

Group 3 Life in captivity. How do Zhilin and Kostylin behave when a ransom is demanded from them? What do the prisoners do? How do the locals feel about them? What qualities of Zhilin can you note?

Museum of Forgotten Things: who forgot these things? (clay jug, pads, watches, clay dolls, envelope, cake, feather, inkwell)

4 group

1 prisoner escape. Compare the behavior of the heroes. Find verbs that characterize everyone's behavior. Why did Kostylin turn out to be not Zhilin’s assistant during the escape, but a burden? What does burden mean? Draw a conclusion: what qualities can be noted in this episode?

5 group

Compare the second escape with the first. Who helps Zhilin? Why do you think Zhilin manages to escape?

They work in groups.

(1 group). Zhilin from “vein” - a strong end of muscles, sinewy, two-stranded - strong, elastic

Kostylin from “crutch” - a stick for the lame, powerless, Kostylin seems to be on crutches, on supports

Kostylin is a heavyset, fat man... Although Zhilin was not very tall, he was brave.

The deck is about a fat, clumsy man.

Daring - complete daring.

Kostylin chickened out and abandoned Zhilin alone, only Kostylin had a gun, Zhilin alone could not do anything with the Tatars, especially without a gun, and the Tatars also killed Zhilin’s horse. She fell and crushed his leg. The situation might have been resolved differently if Kostylin had not galloped away. Kostylin rolled as hard as he could. Zhilin - I won’t give in alive, I’m ready to fight

Equally difficult. But Kostylin’s captivity frightened him and broke him. He immediately wrote a letter, asked for money, waited for an answer, and was bored.

Zhilin behaved differently. Doesn't lose heart. He knew that he would not receive any money, he had no one to rely on, he only had a sick mother. Zhilin Kostylin

walks around the village sleeps

looks bored

asking for information, counting days

doing handicrafts waiting for a response to a letter

These verbs are the antithesis of the actions of the heroes. They help to understand the character of the characters. Zhilin says: “I’ll get out myself,” and Kostylin is waiting for help. (Zhilin showed courage and determination during a dispute about the amount of the ransom; - Zhilin is a master: he makes dolls, a water wheel; he once acted as a doctor. (Quotations) he strives all the time find out the way, and at night he digs a hole in the barn. And Kostylin weakly awaits the decision of his fate.)

Zhilin's action verbs: climbed, got out, scratched, rose, noticed, took off, threw, walked, jumped, looked around...

Kostylin's action verbs: hooked, thundered, began to lag behind, cut, dressed, grunts, lags behind, groans.

A burden is something that interferes, burdens, or is superfluous.

1st escape: two people, Kostylin is in the way, no helpers, got lost;

Escape 2: Zhilin is alone, no one bothers him, there was an assistant, Dina.

He fights to the end, does not lose faith in himself, does not give up.

Conclusion: Why is the story called “Prisoner of the Caucasus”? The heroes find themselves in the same situation, but the outcome is different, because... Much depends on the person himself, on his choice. You can't lose faith, you have to fight to the end.

What important issues does Tolstoy raise in the story? (bravery and perseverance in difficult situations, loyalty to friendship and camaraderie, Tolstoy glorifies strong in spirit people, talks about friendship that can bring together people of all nationalities, Tolstoy speaks out against national enmity)

Distribution work: distribute the qualities belonging to different heroes, for 2 groups

• Nobility
• Kindness
• Generosity
• Friendliness
• Respect
• Mastery
• Attentiveness
• Forgiveness
• compassion
• Selfishness
• dependency (The desire to rely in everything not on one’s own strengths, but on the help of others, in general to live at the expense of others.
• indifference
• indifference

1. Lesson summary.
2. Reflection - compiling a syncwine.

Make up a syncwine about Zilina, because... It is this hero who is the bearer of such character qualities that help him fight and win.

Brave, kind (resourceful, persistent)

Works, looks out, prepares (fights, doesn’t give up, helps)

Water doesn’t flow under a lying stone (you can’t lose heart)

Well done (hero)

Lesson grades

D/s: creative task: choose for an interview with the main character or a letter addressed to the main character.

If there is time left at the end of the lesson, then before the syncwine, play a fragment of the film “Prisoner of the Caucasus” (01.09.20) - 1.5 min (And from the lips of the hero we hear the word “fate.” Zhilin, who was planning to leave these places forever, remains in the Caucasus. Having learned truly from the inside the life of the mountaineers, the hero with all his soul becomes a “prisoner” of the beautiful Caucasus.)

Tolstoy was very fond of his story “K.p.” and considered him one of the best. With this story, the writer shows that a person’s life depends on his character, on the choice that each of us makes himself.

View document contents
“Zhilin and Kostylin are two different characters, two different destinies”

Zhilin and Kostylin-two different characters, two different destinies.

It is not the one who is lost who is in trouble, but the one who is lost in spirit who is lost.

Proverb

• Character - a set of personality properties and qualities that determine a person’s behavior and lifestyle.
• Fate - 1. A confluence of life circumstances, a course of events independent of a person’s will (according to superstitious beliefs - the will of God, which predetermines everything that happens in life). 2. Fate, share, life path

• Appearance of the heroes.

Group 2 How did Zhilin and Kostylin behave during the Tatar attack?

Zhilin

• trying to leave

from the chase

• hopes for

friend's help

• “I won’t give in alive!”

• until the last

fights the Tatars

Kostylin

• doesn’t think of helping Zhilin

• doesn't even try to scare off the Tatars

• runs away cowardly

Group 4 First escape.

Zhilin

Kostylin

• He knows the way and leads his comrade.

• Constantly complains of pain, fatigue, and cannot go further.

• Helps Kostylin

• Zilina also gives herself away (cries out loudly in pain)

• “Abandoning a comrade is not good”

Group 5 Second escape

Zhilin

• constantly thinks about living freely
• persuades Dina to help him
• I walked all night in the stocks, I was exhausted, but I didn’t allow myself to rest
• did not wait for help when the Tatars noticed him, he ran towards the Cossacks

Kostylin

• refuses to escape

• can't get over my pain
• Stops fighting:

“It’s obvious that I can’t get out of here now.”

Why did the fates of the heroes turn out so differently?

• Man (according to L.N. Tolstoy)

he is responsible for his own destiny

• Nobility
• Selfishness
• Indifference
• Friendliness
• Respect
• Mastery
• Forgiveness
• Dependency (the desire to rely in everything not on one’s own strengths, but on the help of others, in general to live at the expense of others.
• Generosity
• Kindness
• Attentiveness

Sinkwine

Zhilin

• Line 1 – noun (topic)

• Line 2 – 2 adjectives

• Line 3 – 3 verbs

• Line 4 – thought on the topic

• Line 5 – 1 noun – synonym for the first line.

Competition lesson in literature

(5 grades)

on this topic

“Zhilin and Kostylin are two different characters,

two different destinies"

Lesson objectives:

Educational: understanding the content of Leo Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”; the ability to highlight the main problems raised by the author in the work; systematization of knowledge about the story, according to the system of images of the story;

Educational: introduce children to independent research and creative activity; develop analysis skills work of art, logical thinking, monologue speech students and their lexicon;

Educators: to educate a spiritual and moral personality who knows how to compassion;

Communicative: training in the culture of speech communication and etiquette.

Lesson epigraph:

Die yourself, but help your comrade.

A. Suvorov

Lesson equipment: small information complex (computer, multimedia projector, interactive whiteboard), presentation “The system of images in Leo Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, video, “Song about a Friend” by V. Vysotsky, exhibition of student illustrations, printed tests.

Lesson forms: work of creative groups, work in pairs, collective work.

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment.

- Hello guys. Let's smile at each other and start!

2. Teacher’s word: statement of the problem, communication of the topic and form of the lesson.

(The lesson is accompanied by a slide show on the computer)

(1-2) Caucasus. His theme, his image, his landscape have an exceptional place in the Russian cultural tradition. In Russian poetry - first of all. Wider - in the Russian poetic consciousness: of course! Sacred names for everyone - Pushkin, Lermontov, Leo Tolstoy... Their lives and works are inextricably linked with the Caucasus.

Like the sweet song of my homeland,

I love the Caucasus, -

confessed the young lieutenant M. Yu. Lermontov.

Remembering the Caucasus, Tolstoy said: ... (3-7)

3. Conversation based on the text. (8-9)

It is proposed to answer the following questions:

– Who are these prisoners?

– How did Zhilin get captured?

– Who is to blame for his capture?

– What did each of the heroes think about in captivity?

– Why does Zhilin write a letter home, so that it does not reach?

4. Check homework: letters from Zhilin and Kostylin home.

1) Analysis of letters.

2) Highlighting the best letter that most accurately characterizes this or that hero.

– What meaning does the writer give to their surnames?

(Answer - 10- 1st slide):

Zhilin: he is wiry, managed to survive, settle down, get used to someone else’s and

a life alien to him. Kostylin: as if on crutches, supports.

– Why did the first escape fail? Who is to blame for this?

(listening to Vysotsky’s song “Song about a Friend”) (10)

V. Vysotsky. A song about a friend.

If a friend suddenly turns up

And not a friend, and not an enemy, but...

If you don't understand right away,

Whether he is good or bad,

Pull the guy to the mountains, take a risk,

Don't leave him alone.

Let him be in connection with you in one -

There you will understand who he is.

If a guy is in the mountains - no,

If you immediately become limp - and down,

Stepped onto the glacier - and wilted,

I stumbled and screamed

This means there is a stranger next to you,

Don't scold him - drive him away:

They don’t take people like that up here either,

They don't sing about people like that.

5. Work based on illustrations.

– Select quotes that correspond to a particular illustration

(work on slides). (11)

– It is no coincidence that we remembered these particular episodes

– Let's arrange them in in the right order and write it down as a story plan. (12)

6. Testing using images.

– Let's check your knowledge of the text:

Work in pairs. The tasks have a test form (mutual checking).

Zhilin.

1. What made Zhilin leave the Caucasus?

A) letter to mother;

B) telegram from brother;

B) calling the authorities.

2. The horse near Zilino was...

A) bay;

B) thoroughbred;

B) hunting.

3. Zhilin...

A) is short in stature, but daring;

B) tall, brave, lanky;

C) a cowardly, pathetic man.

4. Zhilin had a weapon...

A) gun;

B) checker;

B) pistol.

5. When Zhilin was captured, he was placed...

A) in the barn;

B) into a hole;

B) to prison.

6. What did Zhilin want most in the barn?

Is there;

B) drink;

C) free your hands.

7. How much did Zhilin ask for ransom from the Tatars for himself?

A) 500 rubles;

B) 1000 rubles;

B) 3000 rubles.

8. What did he do in captivity?

A) tried to find contact with the Tatars;

B) did handicrafts and tried to find a way to escape;

B) sewed clothes.

9. What did Zhilin do and put it on the roof?

A) whistle;

B) jug;

B) a doll.

10. What fame did Zilina have among the Tatars?

A) that he is a master;

B) that he is a sorcerer,

C) that he is a Muslim.

11. What did Zhilin do at night in the barn?

A) slept;

B) did handicrafts;

B) dug a tunnel.

12. How did Zhilin find out the way to the Russians?

A) asked Dina;

B) climbed the mountain and looked;

B) calculated from the map.

Kostylin.

1. Kostylin...

A) thin a tall man;

B) overweight, fat, all red;

B) average height, average build.

2. Kostylin had...

A) gun;

B) pistol;

B) automatic.

3. What did Kostylin do when he saw the Tatars?

A) began to shoot;

B) waited for Zhilin;

B) galloped to the fortress.

4. How much ransom did Kostylin ask for in his letter home?

A) 1000 coins;

B) 3000 coins;

B) 5000 coins.

5. What was Kostylin doing in the Tatars’ barn?

A) counted the days until the letter arrived and slept;

B) made an escape plan;

B) dug a tunnel under the barn.

6. Who was Kostylin afraid of in the forest during his escape?

A) deer;

B) bear;

B) wild boar.

7. Why did Kostylin lag behind Zhilin during the escape?

A) was too lazy to go;

B) was out of breath from fast walking;

B) rubbed my feet.

8. Why did the Tatar, who was driving the cows, find out about the fugitives?

A) Kostylin whistled;

B) Kostylin screamed;

B) Kostylin fired.

9. What happened to Kostylin’s pit?

A) he got sick;

B) he became brave;

B) slept for days.

10. What did Kostylin do when Zhilin suggested running away a second time?

A) refused;

B) agreed;

B) gave the plan to the Tatars.

11. How long after Zhilin’s escape was Kostylin brought in?

A) in a week;

B) in a month;

B) in six months.

12. How did Kostylin free himself from the Tatars?

A) he was freed by the Cossacks;

B) ran;

B) made a ransom.

7. Comparative characteristics heroes. Work in creative groups.

– Now that we have comprehended the content of the story and identified the main problems, it is time to draw the first conclusions.

– How did the heroes appear before us?

Working with a table of synonyms: create a characteristic from phrases (in writing).

Zhilin:

kind (thinks about his mother, feels sorry for her); hopes for himself, contemplates escape; active person;

managed to settle down in the village (he is Zhilin!); hard-working, cannot sit idle, master;

helps everyone, even his enemies - the Tatars; he is interested in other people, he loves children;

generous (forgave Kostylin for abandoning him in battle).

Kostylin:

weak person, does not rely on himself, expects help from his mother; very lazy;

capable of betrayal (abandoned Zhilin); became limp, lost heart;

does not understand other people, thinks only of himself.

8. Work based on student illustrations. Self-esteem.

– Whose portrait conveys the real image of the heroes of L.N. Tolstoy?

9. A short break in the lesson to warm up.

Physical exercise.

Are you probably tired?

Well, then everyone stood up together.

They stomped their feet,

Hands patted.

Spun, spun

And everyone sat down at their desks.

We close our eyes tightly,

We count to five together.

Open, blink

And we begin to work.

10. Drawing up a conclusion for the lesson.

– It's time to draw conclusions:

1) The following questions are asked:

– Why was Zhilin’s second escape from captivity successful? (13)

Zhilin became one of his own, enjoyed some freedom, was able to scout out the way home, and liked Dina, who helped him.

– What was the fate of Kostylin?

– Who is the Caucasian prisoner?

Video: the opinion of two high school students about the Caucasian prisoner.

– One believes that the prisoner is Zhilin, the other Kostylin. Which one is right? (14)

11. Final word teachers.

L.N. Tolstoy shows that people may not understand and even hate each other, but they have the opportunity to understand each other, although this requires some effort.

Kostylin is not only in Tatar captivity, but also in captivity of his weakness, his selfishness, and he cannot escape from this captivity. Zhilin managed to survive, to take root in a hostile environment, since he managed to win over even his enemies; he solved his problems himself, without shifting them onto the shoulders of others; no matter how strong he was, he was not “wiry”. Zhilin managed to escape from captivity, but Kostylin remained not only and not so much in Tatar captivity, but in captivity of his weakness, his selfishness.

L.N. Tolstoy shows how helpless, how physically weak Kostylin turns out to be, how he hopes only for the ransom that his mother will send. Kostylin is in double captivity, as we discussed above. The writer, drawing this image, seems to be saying that without getting out of internal captivity, it is impossible to get out of external captivity.

Zhilin, on the contrary, does not count on his mother, does not want to shift his difficulties onto her shoulders. He gets involved in the life of the Tatars, the village, constantly does something, knows how to win over even his enemies - he is strong in spirit. It is this idea that the author, first of all, wants to convey to us.

12. Homework:

(15) write an essay “Who would I go on reconnaissance with?”

13. The final point of the lesson. Reflection.

– Thanks for the lesson, guys. The lesson is over, goodbye. And finally, I would like to invite you to evaluate the lesson. How did it make you feel? Choose one of the leaves of the seven-flowered flower and, when leaving the class, please attach it to the board.