Russia is a large and beautiful country, rich in various architectural monuments that have a long history. In our article you can get acquainted with the most famous and beautiful architectural structures of the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries.

16th century

In the 16th century, urban planning was actively carried out in Russia, so this period can safely be called an “architectural rise.” Moscow expanded, new cities, cathedrals, and temples were built. Let's look at the most famous architectural monuments built in the 16th century.

Ivan the Great belltower

The Bell Tower of Ivan the Great is a white brick church located on Sobornaya Square of the Moscow Kremlin. Date of construction: 1500-1508. The project for its creation was carried out by the then famous Italian architect named Bon Fryazin. The main ensemble of the bell tower includes 3 objects:

• Ivan the Great Tower (the head structure of the bell tower);
• bell-ringing "Uspenskaya";
• “Filaretovaya” extension.

The bell ring houses 34 bells of varying sizes and sounds. The main ones are: “Uspensky” (67 tons), “Roaring” (33 tons) and “Lenten” (12 tons).

Cathedral of the Archangel

Arkhangelsk is called Christian orthodox cathedral, which can be seen on Cathedral Square, located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. This structure has five chapters, six towers, a necropolis (a place for burying the dead, with separate rooms for men and women), and a special internal choir level. The cathedral is decorated with white stone. There are paintings inside famous artists- Fedor Zubov, Stepan Ryazants, and also Joseph Vladimirov.

China town

Kitay-Gorod is one of the historical districts of the capital, located on the territory of the Kitay-Gorod fortress wall, which was added to the corner towers of the Kremlin in 1539. Kitay-Gorod stretches from Red Square to the Moscow River, bordering Okhotny Ryad, Teatralnaya Square, and Lubyanka. Currently, there is a metro station of the same name operating in this direction.

St. Basil's Cathedral

Perhaps one of the most famous temples Russia is St. Basil's Cathedral, which is located on Red Square. The date of its construction is 1556. The cathedral includes 10 annexes, each of which was erected in honor of a specific saint. The central part is dedicated to the Most Holy Theotokos, the side buildings “belong” to the Holy Trinity, Nikola Velikoretsky, Alexander Svirsky, St. Basil the Blessed, as well as the Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem.

Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin

The Kremlin is the main historical fortress Nizhny Novgorod, which is located on the Volzhsko-Oka Spit on the highest right bank. This structure was erected in 1508 by order of Ivan the Terrible. The walls of the Kremlin are made of red brick. Their total length is about 2-3 km. The fortress also has 14 towers, 5 of them are rectangular, and 9 are round. The “Stone City” (as the Kremlin is sometimes called) is surrounded by dry ditches, which were created to protect against enemies.

Novodevichy Convent

Novodevichy is female Orthodox monastery, located on the territory of Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street in the very center of Moscow. Date of construction - 1525. The Novodevichy Convent was built by order of the Grand Russian Duke Vasily III. This building has one bell tower, two round observation towers, cells for nuns, as well as separate churches where daily prayer services took place.

Tula Kremlin

The Tula Kremlin is considered one of the oldest buildings in the city of Tula. It is located in the very central part. Date of construction approximately 1514. The Tula Kremlin was built by order of Ivan the Terrible. The Kremlin walls are made of red brick. The structure includes several round and rectangular observation towers. There are 2 cathedrals on the territory: Assumption and Epiphany.

17th century

The 17th century is an era of architecture, during which a huge number of different significant events took place that significantly influenced the life of Russia, including its architecture. Most houses began to be built from brick or stone, but wooden structures still did not lose their former popularity. Let's look at the most famous architectural monuments of the 17th century.

Kolomna Palace

Kolomensky Palace is a royal estate located in the Moscow region in the village of Kolomenskoye. The approximate date of construction is 1667. This structure is a whole complex of various wooden buildings, which are connected to each other by endless passages and tunnels.

Church of the Intercession in Fili

The Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary is located in the Filevsky Park area, Moscow. The modern building of the temple was erected in 1690 with funds donated by the brother of Tsarina Natalya Naryshkina. The temple has five tiers, one bell tower, and 3 wide porches.

Assumption Wonderful Church

The wondrous church is located in the city of Uglich. It is one of the outstanding monuments of ancient Russian architecture of the 17th century. The approximate date of construction is 1628. This temple has a different name - “Assumption”. The structure has a rather original appearance: three hipped domes forming a “trident” crown, a refectory is adjacent to the main part of the building, as well as a front porch decorated with decorative elements made of white stone.

Church of Elijah the Prophet

The Church of Elijah the Prophet is located on the central (Soviet) square of the city of Yaroslavl. This temple was built in 1647. According to legend, it was founded along with the city itself by Prince Yaroslav the Wise. The Church of Elijah the Prophet can be recognized by its snow-white stone walls and grass-green domes.

Church of John the Baptist

The Church of John the Baptist is one of the main and ancient architectural monuments of Yaroslavl. This building was built in 1687 according to the design of Fyodor Ignatiev and Dmitry Plekhanov. For the construction of the temple, molded red bricks and tiles were used. The church has 15 domes of varying sizes.

18 century

The 18th century is the time when Russia “breathed” in a new way, because it was then that new cities began to be built, objects that are still considered historical architectural monuments. The first half of the 18th century is closely connected with the name of the great Russian Emperor Peter I. It was he who introduced many innovations and changes borrowed from European countries. Let's look at the most beautiful buildings and buildings of this era.

Winter Palace

The Winter Palace is the main imperial building of St. Petersburg. Date of construction: 1754. The building was built in the Elizabethan Baroque style, decorated with rich monograms and columns covered with gold leaf. Currently, the Winter Palace houses a historical museum - the Hermitage.

Admiralty building

The Admiralty consists of a complex of buildings located on the banks of the Neva on Admiralty Island. At first, this building played the role of a shipyard (a place for the construction and repair of ships, ships, boats), but a little later it was somewhat modernized and given the title of administrative center, in which the command of the Russian Navy was located. Date of construction - 1704.

Pashkov House

One of the most famous buildings in Moscow, built in the style of early classicism, is the Pashkov House. This structure was designed in 1784 at the request of the captain of the Semenovsky Guard regiment, Pyotr Pashkov. This house has an impressive appearance, which is partly due to the place on which it stands - Vagankovsky Hill. The main façade of the building faces the sunny side.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

The Alexander Nevsky Lavra is a monastery located at the end of Nevsky Prospekt in the city of St. Petersburg. It is considered the largest monastery northern capital. Date of construction - 1710. According to the assumptions of local history scientists and historians, this structure was erected by order of Peter I. The Emperor allocated almost 5,000 sq.m. for construction. On the territory of the Lavra there is a wooden Annunciation Church, Trinity Cathedral, Theodore Church, and the Gate Church.

Volkov Theater

The Volkov Theater is one of the oldest dramatic stages in Russia. This establishment was built in 1750 in the city of Yaroslavl. The theater received its name in honor of its founder Fyodor Grigorievich Volkov, the son of a wealthy merchant. The young man very often organized various theatrical performances with his friends, which is where the idea of ​​opening his own place to show them came from.

19th century

The architectural monuments of Russia, built in the 19th century, are distinguished by a new, unconventional style for our country - eclectic (a combination of incongruous things, that is, a mixture of the most diverse and unimaginable trends). Eclecticism “imitates” ancient Russian art, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque and classicism. Let's look at the most popular buildings of the 19th century, built in the eclectic style.

Tsarskoye Selo

Tsarskoe Selo is a museum-reserve that was created in 1811 in the city of Pushkin, Leningrad region. This complex includes a palace and park ensemble, a country royal residence, Catherine Park, the Hermitage Garden, the Grotto, the Alexander Garden, the Military Chamber and the Chinese Theater. On this moment Millions of tourists from all over the world come to this place of extraordinary beauty.

Cathedral of Christ the Savior

The Cathedral of Christ the Savior is one of the main shrines of Russia, which was built in 1812. On the walls of the temple are depicted (sculpted from clay) Russian soldiers who laid down their lives for their homeland during Patriotic War 1812 with Napoleon Bonaparte. During the Stalinist reform, the temple building was destroyed, but was rebuilt in 1994.

Triumphal Arch

The Arc de Triomphe is an architectural monument built in 1829 in Moscow, which is a huge arch. Most often, Arc de Triomphe are installed at the entrance to the city, at the end of major streets, avenues, and bridges.

Manege

Manege is a historical building located in the central part of Moscow. This building was built in 1817 according to the design of the architect Augustin Betancourt. Currently, the arena is the main museum and exhibition site of the capital, but it was built for drill training of troops guarding the Kremlin and Moscow borders. A little later, balls and royal receptions began to be held here.

Saint Isaac's Cathedral

The Cathedral of St. Isaac of Dolmatia is one of the largest churches in St. Petersburg, built in 1858 according to the design of the famous architect Antonio Rinaldi. The main dome of St. Isaac's Cathedral is made of gold leaf, the facade is made of gray stone, and the columns of the main entrance are cast from bronze.

In our article you got acquainted with the most famous and beautiful architectural monuments of Russia. Temples, churches, palaces, and nature reserves were described. The Russian Federation is a country with a rich history, which is why here you can see extraordinary and unique structures that cannot be found anywhere else.

Huge Russia is famous not only for its enviable dimensions and beautiful nature, but also big amount historical monuments marking all pages of the history of the state.

Russian monuments attract tourists to Moscow and St. Petersburg, forcing passersby to throw back their heads and admire the mighty pedestals and magnificent palaces. In order to see all the monuments, you will have to spend a decent amount of time on a tour throughout the country, because significant cultural monuments are installed not only in large cities, but also in tiny “home” towns. The most famous pedestals are, of course, located in cultural centers Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg, so tourists most often direct their feet there. This article will list the most famous monuments in Russia, so that those interested can choose the most interesting and create their own tourist route in accordance with their location.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Bell

Here tourists can find two significant monuments: the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon.

These monuments amaze not only with their size, but also entertaining story creation. The Tsar Bell was born with light hand Empress Anna Ioannovna. Perhaps the Empress wanted to fit all her ambitions into the Tsar Bell, since when announcing the desired size of the monument, foreign masters seriously thought that the Empress was deigning to joke. Only the Motorin family took the Empress’s wish seriously. They had a lot of failures with the creation of the bell, since the approval of the project alone took three whole years. The first casting ended in complete collapse, which the elder Motorin could not stand. His son finally completed the job, and now the Tsar Bell proudly rises above the paving stones. However, despite the enormous amount of effort expended, the voice was never heard.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Cannon

Russian monuments such as the Tsar Cannon, located on Ivanovskaya Square, attract tourists to the Kremlin area in any season of the year.

The Tsar Cannon was installed in honor of Russian artillery. Its mass is very impressive - almost 40 tons. It was originally created to guard the Kremlin, but it was then decided that its military power allowed it to savagely destroy walls rather than bravely defend them from the enemy. Like many military cultural monuments of Russia, the mighty Tsar Cannon never took part in hostilities, but still inspires awe among tourists and local residents. They came up with this idea a beautiful legend, in which it was said that the Tsar Cannon did fire one shot, but not during combat operations. They say that the Tsar Cannon fired the ashes of False Dmitry, but there is no declared evidence for this assumption. In a sense, this monument has even become a household name, since even residents of the most remote hinterland have heard about it.

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

Some Russian cultural monuments can boast of entire collections of legends composed in their honor. For example, people have written many stories about the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God.

All these legends were passed on from mouth to mouth, so they were constantly embellished, and now it is no longer possible to understand which of this is true and which is embellished fiction. Previously, on the site of the Temple, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity stood. Over time, other small churches were built around it in honor of the victories of the Russian people. As a result, when about ten small churches had accumulated, Metropolitan Macarius suggested that Ivan the Terrible build one large temple in their place. The sanctuary was subjected to brutal attempts at destruction several times, but all of them were in vain. Services were banned there, only to be allowed again after some time. The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is located in Moscow and is a must-see for those who want to find out what monuments there are in Russia and what is really worth a look.

Peter and Paul Fortress and pages of the history of St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg is famous for its culture; there are even numerous jokes about it on the Internet.

Visitors expect refinement, politeness and extreme friendliness from St. Petersburg residents and are very indignant when their expectations are not met. There are many beautiful monuments of Russian culture in St. Petersburg. One of the most striking is the Peter and Paul Fortress. For tourists who dream of seeing best monuments architecture of Russia, you should definitely visit it. It is located in the very center of the city and is one of the main symbols of the history of the Russian land. WITH Peter and Paul Fortress The construction of the city began in 1703, so its walls witnessed all the historical events that took place on the territory of the city of Peter. In the center of the fortress you can see the beautiful Peter and Paul Cathedral, which hides the secrets of the history of the House of Romanov. Near the cathedral there is the Commandant's Cemetery, where many commandants of the Peter and Paul Fortress are buried.

"Millennium of Russia"

The monuments and sculptures of Russia amaze not only with their diversity and historical background, but also with the exceptional beauty of their execution.

The “Millennium of Russia” monument, located in Veliky Novgorod, was erected here in honor of the millennium of the calling of the Varangians to the territory of Rus'. The monument was erected in 1862, approximately in September. It is not a sin to say that this monument represents the entire history of Russia, along with its many glorious commanders, statesmen and representatives of the cultural world. Many patriotic Russians believe that the Millennium of Russia monument reflects the spirit of their great country. The monument itself is made in the form of a ball-power, which is installed on a special pedestal in the form of a bell or bell. Each part of this thematic monument symbolizes certain periods of Russian history, and the entire monument radiates pride in the country and symbolizes its greatness.

Polivanovo Estate: estate of famous families

Truly great monuments of Russia appeared on the territory of this state a very long time ago.

For example, the Polivanovo estate has stood on Russian soil since 1779. Next to the estate is the Church of the Annunciation, which witnessed the entire process of building the estate. The church was built in two years, and construction of the estate began after its construction was completed. The estate is located in the village of the same name, which received its name thanks to the glorious noble family of the Polivanovs. Throughout its existence, the estate changed owners many times. The Dokhturovs, Saltykovs, Apraksins, Razumovskys, Davydovs and Gudovichs lived within its walls. Due to the fact that such famous families lived within the walls of the estate, the flow of tourists here does not dry out, gaining particular intensity in the warm season. The Polivanovo estate is not only beautiful in itself, but also located in an extremely picturesque area on the banks of the Pakhra.

Monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in Moscow

In addition to monuments glorifying the great power of Russia, there are also many cultural monuments honoring the masterpieces of the world cultural heritage. The monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson appeared in the Russian capital quite recently, in 2007.

It so happened that it was installed just when Arthur Conan Doyle's first book about adventures famous detective celebrated its 120th anniversary. The British Embassy building is located not far from the monument, so tourists can experience the cultural authenticity of the monument if they wish. Despite this, the tourist’s attentive gaze will not escape the fact that Vitaly Solomin can also be discerned in the facial features of the characters depicted on the monument. They say that all problems will disappear overnight if you sit between two characters and put your hand on notebook Dr. Watson. Even though this belief was not justified, it is still worth trying to solve your problems so simply.

Great monuments of the great ruler

Monuments were erected in honor of the Russian ruler not only in Russia, but also in many European cities.

The most famous ones in Russia are located in St. Petersburg. Most often, tourists visit the monument with the bright name “Bronze Horseman”, which is familiar even to those who have never been to the city on the Neva. He towers over Senate Square since 1782. Of course, with " Bronze Horseman"Many legends are associated, in particular, about the St. Petersburg "mystical text." Because of its duality and apparent surrealism, the imagination of the Russian people created the most incredible stories. The monument received its name thanks to the great writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in accordance with his work of the same name. You can read a lot and for a long time about the monuments of Russia, but it is best to look at them with your own eyes. Words on paper cannot convey the power and grandeur they radiate.

1. Sydney Opera House

The Sydney Opera House is located in Sydney (Australia) in the harbor on Bennelong Point. The theater is a symbol of Sydney and one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. Construction of the theater began in 1959. The theater's architect is the Danish Jorn Utzon. The theater opened on October 20, 1973. In 2007, the theater was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain was present at the opening. AUD 102 million was spent on construction, instead of the originally planned 7 million.

2. Burj Al Arab

Burj Al Arab (literally "Arab Tower") is a luxury hotel in Dubai, the... big city United Arab Emirates. Construction began in 1994. The hotel was opened on December 1, 1999. Known as the world's only 7-star hotel. Designed by architect Tom Wright Atkinson. It looks like the sail of a dhow, an Arabian ship. The height of the building is 321 meters.

3. Burj Khalifa

Burj Khalifa (“Khalifa Tower”) is a skyscraper 828 meters high with 163 floors. The shape resembles a stalagmite. Construction of the skyscraper began in 2004. In 2009, the building was finally ready, but it was officially opened only on January 4, 2010. The designer of the building was the American architectural bureau Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Currently it is the tallest artificial structure in the world.

4. Sagrada Familia

The Temple of the Sagrada Familia (full name: "Redemptive Temple of the Holy Family", cat. Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família) is a Roman Catholic church in Barcelona, ​​in the Eixample district, Spain. It is famous for the fact that its construction began in 1882 and has not yet been completed. The expected completion date is 2026. The most famous project of the architect Antonio Gaudi. In 2010, the temple was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

5. Walt Disney Concert Hall

Walt Disney Concert Hall is Los Angeles' newest concert venue and home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic. The initiator of the project was Walt Disney's widow Lillian. In 1987, she donated $50 million to create a new concert hall. The architect of the project was the famous Frank Gehry. The project was ready by 1991, but full-scale construction began in 1999. The opening of the concert hall took place 4 years later, in 2003. The total cost of the project is estimated at $274 million.

6. The Shard

The Shard (The Shard London Bridge, which translated into Russian means “Shard of Glass” or simply “Splinter”) is a skyscraper in London, Great Britain. Construction of the building began in 2009. The opening took place on July 5, 2012. The building was designed by Italian architect Renzo Piano. The shape of the building, as the name suggests, resembles a shard of glass. With a height of 309 meters, it is the tallest building not only in London, but throughout the European Union.

7. Big Ben

Big Ben is the name of the largest of the six bells of the Palace of Westminster in London, often the name given to the clock and the clock tower as a whole. The tower itself was renamed in September 2012 to the "Elizabeth Tower". The tower was erected in 1858 according to the design of Augustus Pugin, an English architect. The height of the tower is 96.3 meters. The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster is the most recognizable symbol of Great Britain.

8. Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India, on the banks of the Jamna River. It was built on the instructions of the padishah of the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan, in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632 and was completed in 1653. The building is recognized as the best example of Mughal architecture, combining elements of Persian, Indian and Islamic styles. Since 1983 it has been included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

9. Coliseum

Colosseum (from Latin colosseus - huge, colossal) or Flavian Amphitheater (Latin Amphitheatrum Flavium) - amphitheater, architectural monument Ancient Rome, the most famous and one of the most grandiose buildings ancient world that have survived to this day. Located in Rome, Italy, in the hollow between the Esquiline, Palatine and Caelian hills. Construction of the Colosseum began in 72 AD. under Emperor Vespasian, and completed in 80 AD. under Emperor Titus. The Colosseum was used for gladiator fights, battles, hunting and executions. It can accommodate 50-80 thousand people.

10. Chrysler Building

The Chrysler Building is a skyscraper of the Chrysler Corporation. It is a symbol of New York, located in the eastern part of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. Construction of the Chrysler Building began in 1928 and was completed in 1930. Built in Art Deco style. The architect of the building was William van Helen. It was the tallest building in the world until 1931.

11. St Basil's Church

St. Basil's Cathedral, also called the Cathedral of the Intercession Holy Mother of God That on the Moat or Intercession Cathedral is an Orthodox church located on Red Square in Moscow. Construction began in 1555 and finished in 1561. A world-famous monument of Russian architecture and a symbol of Moscow. Built by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in tribute to the victories in the struggle for Kazan. Until the 17th century it was called Trinity Cathedral. In fact, this is not one cathedral, but a whole architectural complex consisting of eight churches (four axial, four smaller ones between them), which are topped with onion domes. All of them are grouped around the main, ninth, pillar-shaped church in honor of the Intercession of the Mother of God with a hipped dome. Currently, all the churches have a common foundation (although they were built up gradually) and are united by a whole network of vaulted passages. The height of the cathedral is 65 meters. The total number of domes is 11. In 1588, a 10th church was added to the cathedral from the northeast.

12. Eiffel Tower

The Eiffel Tower (French la tour Eiffel) is the most famous and recognizable architectural landmark of Paris, a symbol of France. Built in 1889. The tower received its name in honor of the designer and architect Gustave Eiffel, who designed it. The height of the tower reaches 324 meters, and the weight is 10,100 tons. For more than 40 years, the tower was the tallest structure in the world. There are 1,792 steps leading up to the tower. There are, of course, elevators.

13. Leaning Tower of Pisa

The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) is a bell tower, part of the ensemble of the city cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in the city of Pisa, Italy. The construction of the tower lasted from 1173 to 1360, i.e. for almost 200 years. The author of the project is Bonnano Pisano. It is world famous for its tilt, which is why it received the nickname “The Leaning Tower”. The height of the tower is 55.86 meters from the ground on the lowest side and 56.7 meters on the highest. The tilt angle of the tower is currently 3o 54’. The tilt of the Leaning Tower of Pisa may be due to soft soil, unreliable or disproportionate foundation, or erosion of the soil under the tower during construction. The tower was stabilized thanks to work carried out at the end of the last and beginning of the present centuries.

14. House Mila

Casa Mila (cat. Casa Mila) is a residential building that is one of the landmarks of Barcelona, ​​Spain. Also known as "Pedrera", which means "quarry". Designed by the architect Antonio Gaudi. Built in 1906 - 1910 of the 20th century. The Mila house project was innovative for its time: a well-thought-out natural ventilation system makes it possible to avoid air conditioning, interior partitions in each apartment can be moved at your discretion, and there is an underground garage. Almost every room in the house has a window that lets in daylight. The building has no load-bearing walls or supports. Their functions are performed by load-bearing columns. In 1984, Casa Mila was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the first of its 20th-century structures.

15. Sultanahmet Mosque

The Blue Mosque or Sultanahmet Mosque (Turkish: Sultanahmet Camii) is a mosque located on the shores of the Sea of ​​Marmara in the historical center of Istanbul, Turkey. It was built between 1609 and 1616 during the reign of Ahmed I. The architect of the mosque is Sedefkar Mehmet Agha. The mosque has a main dome 43 meters high and 6 minarets. Light penetrates inside through 260 windows. It received the name “Blue Mosque” due to the huge number (more than 20 thousand) of white and blue Iznik ceramic tiles self made which were used in interior decoration. It is considered an outstanding example of Islamic and world architecture.

16. The White house

The White House is the official residence and workplace President of the United States, located in Washington, DC. Construction was completed in 1800. John Adams became the first owner of the White House. The author of the building's design is Irish architect James Hoban. The mansion was built in the Palladin style. All US presidents lived in the White House, with the exception of George Washington, because during his reign (1789-1797) the building was just under construction. In August 1814, the White House was burned by the British, after which it was reconstructed and restored.

17. Jin Mao Tower

Jin Mao Tower (literally "Golden Prosperity Tower") - one of the tallest skyscrapers in Asia, is business card Shanghai, China. The skyscraper was designed by the architectural bureau Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The official opening of the building took place on August 28, 1998. The height of the building is 421 meters. The building's design includes a high-tech structural system that can withstand hurricane force winds of up to 200 km/h and a magnitude 7 earthquake. The outer wall is made of glass, stainless steel, aluminum and granite and covered with a lattice structure which is made of pipes and aluminum alloy. On the upper floors there is a five-star Grand Hyatt hotel.

18. Glass pyramid of the Louvre

The glass pyramid of the Louvre in Napoleon's courtyard serves as the main entrance to the Louvre and is one of the symbols of Paris. The construction of the Louvre pyramid lasted from 1985 to 1989. The architect was Bei Yuming. The height of the pyramid is 21.65 meters, the length of the base is 35 meters, the angle of inclination is 52o. Around the large pyramid there are three smaller pyramids that act as portholes. The faces of the pyramids consist entirely of glass segments (603 diamond-shaped and 70 triangular). There are fountains around the large pyramid.

19. Palace of Parliament

The Palace of Parliament (Romanian: Palatul Parlamentului) is a famous architectural monument located in Bucharest, Romania. Construction began in 1984 on the orders of Nicolae Ceausescu. Construction was completed in 1989, but some deficiencies in the palace remain to this day; in fact, its construction and decoration have not been completed. The palace is the largest civil building in the world, as well as the heaviest. The dimensions of the palace are 270 by 240 meters. Height - 86 meters. The underground part of the palace goes 92 meters deep. The palace has 1,100 rooms with a total area of ​​350,000 m2, 12 floors.

20. CN Tower

The CN Tower is a television, radio broadcasting and observation tower located in Toronto, Canada. Landmark and symbol of Toronto. Construction of the tower took place from 1973 to 1976. The height of the tower is 553.33 meters. It was the tallest building until 2007. Originally owned by the railway company, which built the tower. CN stands for Canada's National.

: This is where the leading architects of Russia lived and worked. However, they also built buildings in other cities. 10 buildings of the Russian hinterland from architects of the first magnitude - in the selection of the portal "Culture.RF".

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Rostov-on-Don

Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Architect Konstantin Ton. 1854–1860. Photo: Dmitry Artemyev / Wikipedia

In the middle of the 19th century, Konstantin Ton was one of the most famous Russian architects. He worked mainly in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but among his works there are also buildings in other cities. In 1854–1860, according to Ton’s standard design, a temple was erected in Rostov-on-Don. The five-domed church in the neo-Byzantine style is very similar to the architect’s other buildings - the Moscow Cathedral of Christ the Savior, as well as the unpreserved Vvedensky Cathedral in St. Petersburg and the Svyatodukhovsky Cathedral in Petrozavodsk.

The temple was built with the money of local merchants. Konstantin Ton himself did not participate in the construction of the Rostov cathedral - the work was led by the architect Alexander Kutepov, and the 75-meter bell tower was later built by Anton Campioni. IN Soviet time There was a zoo on the territory of the temple, and a warehouse was located in the church itself.

Rukavishnikov Bank in Nizhny Novgorod

The building of the former apartment building of the Rukavishnikovs. Architect Fyodor Shekhtel. 1911–1913. Photo: Igor Lijashkov / photobank “Lori”

Fyodor Shekhtel designed Moscow buildings in the Art Nouveau style: the Ryabushinsky mansion, the mansion on Spiridonovka and others. And in Nizhny Novgorod he designed a banking complex and an apartment building. His customers were the Rukavishnikovs, representatives of one of the richest local dynasties.

Shekhtel decorated the facade of the building with white glazed tiles from Villeroy Bosh and floral ornaments. Another metropolitan master, Sergei Konenkov, participated in the creation of the sculptural design. He created cast iron figures of a man and a woman placed above the entrance, symbolizing the union of industry and agriculture. There were shops on the ground floor of the building, and branches of the Russian Commercial and Industrial Bank on the second and third floors.

Spassky Old Fair Cathedral in Nizhny Novgorod

The creator of St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Auguste Montferrand, also influenced the formation of the architectural appearance of Nizhny Novgorod. In 1818–1822, he built the five-domed Spassky Old Fair Cathedral here in the classicist style. Montferrand's co-author was the famous engineer Augustin Betancourt.

The iconostasis for the church was made by the Italian artist Torricelli. It was decorated with paintings according to the canons of European art: some of the characters had parts of their bodies exposed. This greatly embarrassed the local God-fearing merchants, many of them even took their icons to the temple and prayed only to them. It was decided to order a new iconostasis - it was created for the Old Fair Church by the architect Vasily Stasov.

Boris and Gleb Monastery in Torzhok

Boris and Gleb Monastery. Architect Nikolay Lvov. 1785–1796. Photo: Alexander Shchepin / photobank “Lori”

Boris and Gleb Cathedral monastery of the same name in Torzhok was erected according to the design of Nikolai Lvov in 1796 on the site of a destroyed old temple. The first bricks of its foundation were laid personally by Catherine II. The construction was led by local architect Franz Butzi. The domes of the five-domed Boris and Gleb Cathedral are crowned with gilded balls with openwork crosses; the altar for it was built in the form of a rotunda. According to researchers, the monastery gate church-bell tower was also built according to Lvov’s design.

Gorodnya estate in Kaluga region

The Kaluga estate of Natalya Golitsyna, the famous “mustachioed princess” who became the prototype of Pushkin’s Queen of Spades, was built according to the design of Andrei Voronikhin. In the 1790s, he was still a young architect, having just received his freedom from Count Stroganov. Voronikhin continued to carry out orders from the count and his relatives, and Pavel Stroganov was married to the princess’s daughter.

For Natalya Golitsyna, the young architect built a modest but elegant two-story building in which ceremonial receptions were to be held. On either side of it, two symmetrical residential wings were erected. An English park was laid out around the house, but it has not survived to this day. The interiors of the estate were also completely destroyed - during the war. What the interior decor looked like can only be determined from a few surviving photographs.

Church of the Resurrection in Pochep

Temple of the Resurrection. Architect Antonio Rinaldi. Photo: Eleonora Lukina / photobank “Lori”

The Resurrection Cathedral in the Russian Baroque style and the four-tiered bell tower were built by decree of the last Ukrainian hetman Kirill Razumovsky. It was previously believed that the author of the project was the architect Jean Baptiste Vallin-Delamot. However, later researchers began to be inclined to believe that it was built by Antonio Rinaldi, and the iconostasis of the cathedral was created by Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Originally the church was part palace ensemble, but the building of the manor house and the park were destroyed during the Great Patriotic War. During Soviet times, the temple was closed, but today services are held there again.

Irkutsk Academic Drama Theater

Irkutsk Academic Drama Theatre. Architect Victor Shroter. 1894–1897. Photo: Mikhail Markovsky / photobank “Lori”

Victor Schröter was the chief architect of the Directorate of Imperial Theaters, so new theater buildings based on his designs were built not only in the capital, but also in the provinces. In 1897 he built a drama theater in Irkutsk at the expense of local merchants. Schröter built a small functional building for 800 people. Externally, it stood out among other city buildings in that its walls were not plastered - they were simply brick. The theater amazed contemporaries not only with its innovative appearance and elegant decoration, but also with its technical equipment and impeccable acoustics.

Palace ensemble in Bogoroditsk

Palace ensemble in Bogoroditsk. Architect Ivan Starov. Photo: Natalya Ilyukhina / photobank “Lori”

Architect Ivan Starov built many country estates - mainly on the outskirts of St. Petersburg. In 1773, according to his design, a country palace was erected in the Tula region, which was ordered by Catherine II. In letters to Voltaire, she called Bogoroditsk a “pure flower garden.”

On the banks of the Upertaya River they erected two-storey house with a belvedere - a turret above the roof of the building. In 1774, according to the design of Ivan Starov, a small single-domed Kazan Church was founded next to it. During the Great Patriotic War, Bogoroditsk was almost completely destroyed, and the once brilliant palace turned into ruins. The building was restored in the 1960s and 70s, and today it is located there

Prince Mikhail Golitsyn

Stackenschneider built a neo-Baroque palace with Corinthian columns. The roof of the building was framed by a balustrade - figured railings. The inside of the building looked as majestic as the outside: in the 19th century, the best balls in the city were held in its halls. During Soviet times, the building housed the local history museum, which is still located there.

Church of the Transfiguration in the village of Krasnoye

Church of the Transfiguration in the village of Krasnoye. Architect Yuri Felten. Photo: Elena Solodovnikova / photobank “Lori”

The Transfiguration Church in the village of Krasnoye was built in 1787–1780; it was an almost exact copy of the Chesme Church of Yuri Felten. Probably, this decision was made by the owners of the Krasnoye Poltoratsky estate in order to attract the attention of Catherine II and earn her favor. The main difference from the St. Petersburg church was yellow color, in which the walls of the Gothic temple were painted, the Chesme Church was red. During Soviet times, the temple was closed and until 1998 it was used as a warehouse. Today services are held in the church again.

Architectural monuments are objects that were created, usually in honor of a significant event or important person. The age of some is estimated at tens of years, while others remember the Egyptian pharaohs. This review contains the most famous architectural monuments about which the history of mankind can be written.

1. Kaaba (Masjid al-Haram)

The Kaaba (Masjid al-Haram) is a cube-shaped building located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is considered the holiest site in Islam, as well as the oldest and most famous cultural monument in the world.

The Qur'an states that the Kaaba was built by Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) and his son Ismail after the latter settled in Arabia. A mosque, Masjid al-Haram, was built around this building. All Muslims around the world face the Kaaba during prayers, no matter where they are.

One of the five fundamental laws of Islam requires that every Muslim perform the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Mecca, at least once in his life. In this case, you need to walk around the Kaaba seven times counterclockwise (when viewed from above).

2. Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal ("Crown of Palaces") is a white marble mausoleum located in the city of Agra, India. It was built by the king of the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan, in memory of his third wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal is widely known as "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the internationally recognized masterpieces of the world's heritage." The area of ​​the Taj Mahal is about 221 hectares (38 hectares are occupied by the mausoleum itself and 183 hectares of protected forest around it).

3. Egyptian pyramids

The earliest known Egyptian pyramids were found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis. And the oldest of them is the Pyramid of Djoser, built in 2630 - 2611 BC. e., during the third dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex were designed by the architect Imhotep and are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental brick-faced structures.

4. The Great Wall of China

Several walls were built as early as the 7th century BC, and were later expanded to form what is today known as the Great Wall. Particularly famous is the part of the wall built between 220-206 BC. the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang (very little remains of her).

By the way, there are many more in the Celestial Empire

5. Angkor Thom (Greater Angkor)

7. National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall

The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall is a famous monument and local landmark erected in memory of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China. It is located in the Chinese city of Taipei. The monument, surrounded by a park, was built in the eastern part of Memorial Square. To the north of it is the National Theater, and to the south is the National concert hall.

Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, the fifth Great Dalai Lama, began construction of the Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisors, Konchog Chopel, noted that the site between the Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa was an ideal location for the government. The Potala was eventually built on the remains of an earlier fortress called the White or Red Palace, built by King Songtsen Gampo of Tibet in 637. Today the Potala Palace is a museum.