April 26 marks the 30th anniversary of the worst nuclear disaster in history. Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Photographer Jadwiga Brontë traveled to Belarus to meet the invisible people still feeling the effects of the disaster.

The disaster occurred about 30 years ago, but its consequences are still felt to this day. When the reactor in Pripyat in northern Ukraine began to collapse, it became the worst nuclear accident in history, both in terms of casualties and financial costs. But this was not the end.

Photographer Jadwiga Bronte was born in Poland, just a week before the terrible tragedy. The proximity of the place and time of her birth to Chernobyl still determines the importance of this event for her.

Her latest project, “Invisible People of Belarus,” documentsthe lives of crippled victims of Chernobyl living in Belarusian government buildingsinstitutions – “boarding schools” – that act as “shelters, orphanages and almshouses rolled into one.” Although the disaster occurred in Ukraine, it was Belarus that bore the brunt of the blow.

The living faces of boarding school residents give us a rare opportunity to see how Chernobyl survivors live. Decades later, they were too easily forgotten.

– Why did you decide to photograph these people?

– I was one of more than 18 million Poles who were given"Lugol" – iodine solution for protection against radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl accident. Unfortunately, not all affected countries did the same. Belarus is closest to Chernobyl and people here suffered more than others. The consequences of the accident affect public health to this day.

However, my project is not only about the victims of the Chernobyl accident. It's about all the disabled people that society doesn't notice. Unfortunately, the topic of disability is still taboo in Belarus. Perhaps this is due to the post-Soviet mentality, religion, or simply a lack of information and general knowledge about disability.

– 30 years have passed since the disaster - what is life like for those people you met?

– When I say “victims of the Chernobyl disaster,” I do not mean people who were direct victims, such as power plant workers or liquidators of the accident. I mean people who were born after April 1986 with physical or mental disabilities. Some of the Chernobyl children are now 30 years old, others were born recently, and many more will be born in the future. A mutated gene - a direct consequence of radiation - can be passed on through generations.

Most Chernobyl victims and disabled people live in Belarusian boarding schools These are government institutions - something between orphanages, shelters and hospices. To be honest, the people living in them are simply eking out an existence - they are not provided with any education, and their activity is minimal. They simply support their existence by cooking, cleaning and working in the fields.Very often they make strong friendships with each other and live for each other.

– What difficulties did you encounter while filming?

– These were difficulties of a personal nature rather than technical ones. Working in such places, it is impossible not to feel strong emotions - not only while filming, but spending time with the residents of boarding schools, listening to their stories and trying to understand how the system in which they live works.What you see is depressing.

– What do you hope to show or achieve with your photographs?

– I want these invisible people to become visible. I want people to know more about their lives and hear their stories that no one else knows. I want the Belarusian people to take better care of them, because the future of these people is truly in the hands of the Belarusian people.

There are places like these in many other countries throughout Europe and beyond. People must understand that it is wrong to separate those who have mental or physical disabilities,from the rest of society.

I hope that parents will become stronger when deciding to care for disabled children and see how beautiful they really are. Government agencies- Not the best place for them. I saw this with my own eyes.

Ministry of Education, Science and Youth Policy

Krasnodar region

State budgetary professional

educational institution

Krasnodar region

"Krasnodar Polytechnic College"

SCENARIO

Teacher

Zherebko T.V.

Krasnodar city

DEVELOPMENT

30th anniversary events

disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

For 1st year students

Groups 192 TP, 193 TP, 194 EB, 195 D, 196 OP, 197 TA, 198 TA, 199 EB, 200 TP

Date: 26.04. 2016

Time: 11.40 – 13.20

Venue: Assembly Hall

Present:

1. Pilipchak D.A. - Engineer of the Directorate for Supervisory Activities and Preventive Work of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia for Krasnodar region

2. Voronina S.A. - Head of the Krasnodar Regional Fire-Technical Exhibition

3. Dzhurilo M.I. - representative of the regional administration

4. Harutyunyan I.G. -Deputy Director for Water Resources of the State Budgetary Educational Institution of the KKT "KPT"

5. Sharapov V.F. -teacher of life safety at State Budgetary Educational Institution KK "KPT"

Monument to the Liquidators

disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

in Krasnodar

Teacher

Zherebko T.V.

Krasnodar city

Decor. There is twilight on the stage and in the hall. There is a splash screen on the screen.

The ringing of bells is quiet at first, then louder.

A girl in a black dress and a candle in her hand reads a prayer on stage

God! Bless and save!

In your name is my hope.

Take the repentance of sinners,

And forgive me, as you forgave us before...

The ringing of bells fades away. The light turns on.

Teacher . Today our event is dedicated to the 30th anniversary

disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Presenter 1. People became acquainted with the phenomena of radioactivity relatively recently, just over 100 years ago, in 1896-1898, Pierre and Marie Curie were able to explain the property of uranium to emit radioactive rays that penetrate everywhere. Since then, people have been intensively studying the phenomenon of radioactivity and trying to apply it in practice.

Presenter 2. Modern technologies that use the phenomenon of radioactivity are primarily nuclear weapons and nuclear energy, as well as new systems for processing raw materials and waste. The widespread introduction of radioactive elements into various fields of science, technology, and medicine.

Teacher. Energy is the basis of world civilization.

The first type of energy mastered by man was the energy of fire. The fire made it possible to heat the home and cook food. and also use the energy of fire to make tools for hunting and attacking other groups of people, that is, for “military” purposes. 1

One of the main sources of energy in modern world is the energy of combustion of petroleum products, natural gas or coal. The next breakthrough in the development of energy occurred after the discovery of the phenomenon of electricity. Currently, the electric power industry is the foundation of everything without which it is impossible to imagine modern civilization.

Nuclear energy is of great importance for modern life, since the cost of one kilowatt of electricity generated by a nuclear reactor is several times less than when generating a kilowatt of electricity from hydrocarbons or coal. With the help of peaceful atoms, powerful submarines and surface ships with nuclear power plants are built, mass application in biology, agriculture, medicine, radioactive isotopes were found in space exploration.

The history of mastering atomic energy began in 1939, when the fission reaction of uranium was discovered.

In 1946, the first nuclear reactor on the European-Asian continent was built and launched in Russia. A uranium mining industry is being created.

In 1954, the world's first nuclear power plant began operating in Obninsk, and 3 years later the world's first nuclear-powered ship, the icebreaker Lenin, entered the ocean.

Today, atomic energy is widely used in many sectors of the economy. In Russia there are 9 nuclear power plants(NPP). More than 4 million people live within the 30-kilometer zone of these nuclear power plants.

In case of trouble-free operation, nuclear power plants produce virtually no environmental pollution other than thermal pollution. At the same time, when developing nuclear energy in the interests of the economy, we must not forget about the safety and health of people, since mistakes can lead to catastrophic consequences.

In total, since the start of operation of nuclear power plants, more than 150 incidents and accidents have occurred in 14 countries around the world. varying degrees difficulties. The most typical of them: in 1957 - in Windscale (England), in 1959 - in Santa Susanna (USA), in 1961 - in Idaho Falls (USA), in 1979 - at the Tri nuclear power plant -Mile Island (USA), in 1986 - at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (USSR).

Presenter 1. Chernobyl is a small cute Ukrainian place, surrounded by greenery. The word "chernobyl" in Ukrainian means "wormwood". Ancient Chernobyl gave its name to a powerful nuclear power plant, the construction of which began in 1973.

Presenter 2. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located in Ukraine, near the city of Pripyat, 18 km from the city of Chernobyl, 16 km from the border with Belarus and 110 km from Kyiv.

A modern city was built nearby for the station workers, which, like the river, was named Pripyat. This is a city of nuclear scientists.

The city was founded on February 4, 1970. The number as of November 1985 was 47 thousand 500 people. Average age 25 years.

As the presenters read, a film about the construction of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant is shown on the screen.

Presenter 1.

On the shore of the sandy Pripyat river,

Among the pines, catchment and sedges

The hulls rose proudly -

No, not an ordinary plant.

And our century is progress.

The emblem of peace of all peoples.

Where the waters flow quietly,

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant burst into song!

Presenter 2. Here in the huge generators,

Not simplified - tamed,

By the mind and will of all scientists,

Turbines are asking for uranium.

The presenters leave at the end of the film. Cheerful music sounds, a reader comes on stage and young men and women walk around the stage to the accompaniment of his poems. They have flowers and balloons in their hands.

Reader 1. The world is so beautiful! Herbs and flowers,

The murmur of a stream, the smell of strawberries...

And there was sun! And it was spring!

And I wanted to live! Oh, how I wanted to live!

Nature has risen from sleep,

And everything began to spin in a spring waltz.

And children's laughter spilled out from everywhere -

A ringing song of future happiness!

He promised to bloom the earth forever!

In spring it’s so hard to believe in misfortune...

The music stops. Loud explosion. The light goes out. Boys and girls feign fear, some fall onto the stage. There is a video of the explosion on the screen, a freeze frame.

The earth and air are fraught with evil,

Fruits and grains and flowers and herbs -

Death brings everything, poison exhausts everything,

Breath of destructive poison.

Chernobyl is an ominous star,

Invisible, like rock, burning above us.

In the anxiety and sadness of the city,

And fear numbs the villages.

Music sounds, boys and girls come on stage and dance the dance “White and Black, BEFORE and AFTER”

A slide or photo of the 4th block of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant after the accident appears on the screen, and organ music sounds.

Teacher. April 26, 1986, Saturday. At 1 hour 23 minutes 40 seconds, an accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, dividing the history of the Earth and humanity into “BEFORE and AFTER”. 3

Presenter 3. (boy)

Second o'clock in the morning. Everything is quiet…

Suddenly there is an explosion and a burst of steam into the air...

And the sirens howled madly,

Death and life entered into the struggle.

A pillar of fire shot up into the sky,

And the explosion scattered the block block.

The Earth froze in horror,

Raised on the rack by misfortune.

The world shook. The news is broadcast

Buzzing on different languages.

Not over Chernobyl, over the world,

Radiation fear hung over.

A film or slides of the accident are shown on the screen.

Teacher. On the night of April 25-26, 1986, an uncontrolled uranium fission reaction began in the reactor of the 4th block of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, and the reactor went into overdrive. The temperature of the uranium fuel rods rose to several thousand degrees, and the water cooling them instantly turned into steam. There was an explosion.

He tore, like rotten threads, two thousand steel and zirconium pipes and communications, and “shot” the top floor slab into the air. This colossus weighing 1.5 thousand tons hovered over the torn reactor, slowly turned and with its entire mass fell edge-on onto the central hall and onto the remains of the reactor.

Fragments of uranium rods, pipes and pieces of graphite splashed in different directions, heated to a thousand degrees, from combining with oxygen in the air, flared up like a sparkler and fell onto the roof of the neighboring turbine hall, covered with roofing material.

The reactor of the 4th block of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant released 50 tons of evaporated radioactive fuel into the atmosphere. This radioactive fallout fell mainly in European countries, but especially in large areas of Belarus, Russian Federation and Ukraine. As a result, the air, soil, water, vegetation and animals were contaminated, and many people received a strong dose of radiation - for many it turned out to be fatal.

On the screen Digital Watch count down time:

Presenter 3.

1 hour 23 minutes 40 seconds nuclear reactor explosion;

1 hour 26 minutes 03 seconds – the fire alarm went off;

1 hour 28 minutes – the station’s fire guard on duty arrived at the scene of the explosion;

1 hour 35 minutes – the fire guard of the city of Pripyat arrived at the station;

2 hours 10 minutes – the fire on the roof of the turbine room was knocked down;

2 hours 30 minutes – the fire on the roof of the reactor compartment was extinguished;

4 hours 50 minutes – the fire is mostly localized;

6 hours 35 minutes the fire was extinguished.

Teacher. The fire stations, which are called “Rank No. 1,” were the first to arrive at the scene of the fire.

Falling into the melting quagmire of roofing material burning through boots, exposed to the monstrous force of radiation, inhaling radiation aerosols, six firefighters of Rank No. 1 entered into a mortal battle.

These men gave their lives, knocking out the flames at night, preventing the fire from spreading to the neighboring blocks of the station. It’s scary to even imagine what would have happened if they had not done that night, everything that is possible and not even possible for a person. They obscured not only their neighbors, but those far away. Each of us.

Eternal memory to them...

The presenters take the stage, and photographs of the station's firefighters are displayed on the screen.

The presenters call their names, and music plays (live violin performance)

Presenter 1. Hero of the USSR Lieutenant Vladimir Pavlovich Pravik.

Presenter2. Hero of the USSR Lieutenant Viktor Nikolaevich Kibenok.

Presenter 3. Sergeant Nikolai Vasilievich Vashchuk.

Presenter 1. Sergeant Vladimir Ivanovich Tishura.

Presenter 2. Senior Sergeant Nikolai Ivanovich Titenok.

Presenter 3. Senior Sergeant Vasily Ivanovich Ignatenko.

Teacher. They did their job at the cost of their lives. But this was only the beginning of a terrible disaster called the Chernobyl disaster.

Presenter 1. From all over the country former USSR, volunteers were sent to eliminate the consequences of this accident. During 1986-1987 Containing the spread of radioactive fallout and cleaning it up involved 350 thousand workers, or “liquidators,” from among the military, nuclear power plant workers, local police and fire services. Subsequently, the number of registered liquidators increased to 600 thousand people.

Presenter 2. The liquidators worked in an area of ​​high radiation, regardless of the risk to health. They washed away radioactive dust from vehicles with water and disinfected the roofs of houses and asphalts.

Presenter 3. The largest doses of radiation were received by about 240 thousand liquidators during work to reduce the consequences of the accident within a 30-kilometer zone around the reactor. Of these, about 100 thousand became disabled,

More than 50 thousand people died.

Teacher. Feats:

Lieutenant Vladimir Pravik, who with his fire brigade was the first to arrive at the scene of the disaster and extinguished the roof of the reactor hall;

Ambulance doctor Viktor Belokon, who provided first aid to the irradiated;

Physics engineer Alexander Sitnikov, who looked into the reactor nozzle itself and reported that the reactor was destroyed;

V. Perevozchikov, shift supervisor of the reactor workshop, who saved people;

P. Shabanov - an Afghan soldier, a helicopter pilot who participated in overflights of the reactor in the most dangerous zone;

And many, many, many others - these are examples of not only the heroic behavior of people in critical situation, but also examples of morality and purity human soul. 5

Presenter 2. It is impossible to imagine the depth of consequences that the Chernobyl disaster could have brought if not for the courage and heroism of thousands of people who took part in eliminating the consequences of the disaster.

A girl in a black dress goes on stage

Let us remember those who drove the cascades,

There were rafter panels on the roof.

Let's remember those who were on the cranes,

He loaded lead and transported concrete.

A terrible life lesson

Someone else's pain came to life.

Let's all be silent for a bit...

Let's keep quiet, you and I...

Teacher. 30 years have passed since the Chernobyl disaster, and most of those who are called liquidators, alas, are no longer alive. Designers and soldiers, firefighters and doctors, physicists and helicopter pilots, drivers and miners, and just volunteers. By saving the lives of others, they exposed their own to mortal danger. Not everyone knew or understood the extent of this danger.

Let us honor the memory of the fallen with a minute of silence. I ask everyone to stand up.

The metronome turns on.

Teacher. I ask everyone to sit down.

Presenter 1. On Saturday and Sunday, April 26 and 27, 1986, residents of Pripyat, the city of power engineers of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, as expected, rested after another work week: children played in sandboxes, young people went out of town, fished in the river, played football, celebrated weddings. Life was in full swing.

The smoke above the 4th power unit did not cause any concern to anyone. People had not yet been told anything, and therefore none of them knew that all of them had already been sentenced by the logic of previous events to become participants and victims of a hitherto unprecedented nuclear tragedy.

Presenter 2. After assessing the scale of radioactive contamination, it became clear that the evacuation of the city of Pripyat would be required, which was carried out on April 27.

In the first days after the accident, the population of the 10-kilometer zone was evacuated. In the following days, the population of other settlements within a 30-kilometer zone was evacuated.

In the spring and summer of 1986, 116,000 people were evacuated from the areas surrounding the Chernobyl reactor to uncontaminated areas. In subsequent years, another 230,000 people were resettled.

A column of buses is projected on the screen.

Presenter 2. Imagine a column of 1 thousand 100 buses, with their headlights on, walking along the highway and leading the many thousands of population of the city of Pripyat out of the affected area.

Teacher. People were hastily “rooted out” from native land. It is difficult to imagine the grief of those who said goodbye forever to their homeland, to the house where they were born and raised, to the land with which their whole life is connected, their relatives and friends are buried.

Presenter 1. Evacuation and relocation were deeply traumatic for many people due to the disruption of social ties and the inability to return to their homes. People were silent, many were in shock. There were almost no tears. Only the pain and anxiety were frozen in the eyes.

Presenter 2. The once flourishing cities of Chernobyl and Pripyat, and with them numerous Ukrainian and Belarusian villages and villages, are deserted...

Wolfgang Mozart's "Requiem" is playing.

A girl in a black dress goes on stage

Dead city…

Ghost town

The sky is crying above you...

Behind the everyday prism

Someone's pain is dying.

You can't hear other people's moans

And the sobs are not heard...

Millions suffered

Even though there was no war.

Was cruel and invisible

Destroyed peace -

Man-made shot in the back

Among human joy.

This hell will remind many

A lot about yourself...

Through grief - to God's feet

And to prayer about fate.

On the screen are slides of the sarcophagus above the reactor.

Presenter 3. In order to finally stop the removal of radioactivity from the damaged power unit, it was decided to build a concrete shelter over it - the Sarcophagus. All radioactive debris scattered throughout the territory of the nuclear power plant and on the roof of the turbine room were removed inside the sarcophagus or concreted. Construction of the sarcophagus was completed in November 1986.

Presenter 1. After the accident at the 4th power unit, the operation of the power plant was suspended due to the dangerous radiation situation. However, already in October 1986, after extensive work to decontaminate the territory and build a “sarcophagus”, the 1st and 2nd power units were put back into operation; in December 1987, the work of the 3rd was resumed.

In 1991, a fire broke out at the 2nd power unit, and in October of the same year the reactor was completely decommissioned. On December 15, 2000, the reactor of the last, 3rd power unit was shut down forever.

Teacher. Today, the city of Chernobyl is almost no different from any other regional center. In total, about 4,000 people live in it at the same time. These are shift workers who work for two weeks, and the Ministry of Emergency Situations shift. The city is quite lively - cars pass through the streets every now and then, and there are quite a few people, although compared to an ordinary city, it is, of course, deserted here. The main feature of Chernobyl is that you will not meet children here.

It is a mistake to assume that everyone you meet can end up in Chernobyl. This is a closed territory, entry into which is permitted only after preliminary submission of an application and its approval.

The city of Pripyat remained empty and abandoned.

Presenter 3. We, the inhabitants of this planet, must not forget about terrible wars, and about natural disasters, and about major accidents that claim hundreds and thousands of lives, that pollute environment and make it unsuitable for further use.

Presenter 1. Most main lesson Chernobyl is an even more heightened sense of fragility human life, its vulnerabilities. Chernobyl demonstrated the omnipotence and powerlessness of man. And he warned: do not revel in your power, man, do not joke with nature.

Presenter 2. Look more closely and responsibly at yourself and at what you have created. For you are the cause, but also the effect. Considering that a person changes generations every 20 years, humanity will need 800 years to recover.

A girl in a black dress goes on stage

Chernobyl…

This sounds scary...

The soul grows cold and it’s terrible to remember

Those days when the world was shocked by the news...

That a radiation disaster has begun.

We are inhabitants of the fragile planet Earth

We want it to bloom.

We don't need black spots on it

And they must treat it with care.

Teacher. We, children of the Earth,

must understand that it is not

Earth belongs to us

and we belong to him.

And we need to pass on clean, healthy food to future generations.

and a happy planet.

This is our house! This is your home!

Presenter: 25 years ago, on April 26, 1986, at approximately 1:24 a.m., an explosion occurred at the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which completely destroyed the reactor. As a result of the accident, radioactive substances were released into the environment, including isotopes of uranium, plutonium, iodine, etc.
The Chernobyl nuclear power plant is located on the territory of Ukraine near the city of Pripyat, 18 kilometers from the city of Chernobyl, 16 kilometers from the border with Belarus and 110 kilometers from Kyiv.
Let us consider the line dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant open.
Dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
(Montage - About Chernobyl...)

1.Twenty-sixth of April
The whole country was sleeping peacefully.
Atom went crazy
He rushed up into the sky
And the war began with him. (Vladimirov Zhenya)

2. People played with death
And without sparing the belly
They fulfilled their duty and shortened their lives.
This was the reality. (Andrey Mikhailov)

3. Many died in agony,
Much still suffers
Many are waiting for their fate,
But no one will remember them.
Well, thank you for that.
What do you do to our hearts?
Chernobyl victims, live longer.
Health and joy to you. (Demchuk Alexander)
Presenter: Guys, I invite you to get acquainted with some of the events that took place on that distant terrible morning of April 26, 1986. So, the first message will be made by Victoria Chernyshova.

First message: Chronology of events

On April 25, 1986, a shutdown of the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was planned for the next scheduled maintenance. During such shutdowns, various equipment tests are usually carried out according to separate programs. These were already the fourth regime tests carried out at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The first attempt in 1982 was not entirely successful, subsequent tests carried out in 1983, 1984 and 1985 also, according to various reasons, ended unsuccessfully.
However, during almost the entire duration of the experiment, the power behavior did not give rise to concern.

At 1:23 a.m., an emergency protection signal was registered. In the next few seconds, the systems failed.

According to various testimonies, there were from one to several powerful impacts (most witnesses indicated two powerful explosions) 1:25 the reactor was completely destroyed.

Presenter: “I’M GOING THE CHERNOBYL ROAD AGAIN”
Galina Pletnikova is reading.

Who among us could forget ourselves in silence?
Whoever's heart hasn't trembled with anxiety,
When cold wind at one o'clock at night
A whiff of black reality from Chernobyl?!
That night, rows of Kyiv chestnuts,
Barely sticking out its inflorescences in the foliage,
Under the falling cloud of trouble
We thought about the town on Pripyat.
Kyiv has never known anything like this,
Marked by centuries of scars with dates.
An unexpected disaster broke out,
Mysteriously accumulated in the atom.

Presenter: The second report on the causes of the accident will be made by Anna Kramicheva.

Causes of the accident and investigation
The State Commission formed in the USSR to investigate the causes of the disaster placed primary responsibility for the disaster on the operating personnel and management of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. An advisory group was created to investigate the causes of the accident. Its 1986 report stated that the accident was the result of an unlikely coincidence of a series of violations of rules and regulations by operating personnel, catastrophic consequences The accident occurred due to the fact that the reactor was brought into an unregulated state.

However, in 1991, the USSR State Atomic Supervision Commission re-examined this issue and came to the conclusion that “the Chernobyl accident, which began due to the actions of operational personnel, acquired catastrophic proportions inadequate to them due to the unsatisfactory design of the reactor.” In addition, the commission analyzed the regulations in force at the time of the accident. regulations and did not confirm some of the accusations previously made against station personnel.

The reactor did not meet safety standards;
. low quality of operating regulations in terms of safety;
. ineffectiveness of the regulatory and safety oversight regime in nuclear energy;
. there was no effective exchange of safety information both between operators and between operators and designers;
. the personnel made a number of mistakes and violated existing instructions and the testing program.

Presenter: Svetlana Chizhikova reads a poem about Chernobyl.

Chernobyl... One word is enough -
And my heart is like a painful lump,
It will shrink, waiting for new news,
And the breeze smells of bitter dust.
And pain did not fall from the stars of heaven,
And not on the firmament of insensitive stones -
And it penetrated into the chest of the earth with an evil fuse
And treacherously settled in her.

Presenter: Third message about the consequences of the accident.
Sarina Elizoveta will read

Consequences of the accident

Directly during the explosion at the fourth power unit, only one person died (Valery Khodemchuk), another died in the morning from his injuries (Vladimir Shashenok). Subsequently, 134 Chernobyl nuclear power plant employees and rescue team members who were at the plant during the explosion developed radiation sickness, and 28 of them died over the next few months.

At 1:24 a.m., a signal about a fire was received at the control panel of the HRC-2 duty officer for the protection of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The duty guard of the fire department left for the station. The guard of the 6th city fire department left Pripyat to help. Lieutenant Pravik took over the leadership of extinguishing the fire. His competent actions prevented the spread of the fire. Additional reinforcements were called from Kyiv and surrounding areas. The firefighters had only canvas overalls, mittens, and a helmet as protective equipment. By 4 o'clock in the morning the fire was localized on the roof of the turbine room, and by 6 o'clock in the morning it was extinguished. In total, 69 personnel and 14 pieces of equipment took part in extinguishing the fire. Availability high level radiation was reliably established only by 3:30, since of the two available devices for 1000 roentgens per hour, one was out of order, and the other was inaccessible due to the rubble that had arisen. Therefore, in the first hours of the accident, the real levels of radiation in the premises of the block and around it were unknown. The state of the reactor was also unclear.
In the first hours after the accident, many apparently did not realize how badly damaged the reactor was, so the mistaken decision was made to supply water to the reactor core to cool it. This required work in areas with high radiation. These efforts were useless, as both the pipelines and the core itself were destroyed. Other actions of the station personnel, such as extinguishing fires in the station premises and measures aimed at preventing a possible explosion, on the contrary, were necessary. They may have prevented even more serious consequences. While performing this work, many station employees received large doses of radiation, some even fatal.

Presenter: Another poem about Chernobyl is read by Katerina Fedoseeva

The sun's disk fell below the horizon,
The night spilled its ink,
The light of death is as elusive as a dream,
A blanket of death covered us.

Yellowed forest and yellow sign -
It's not worth going to the side of the road,
May Day burnt out flag.
Maybe they'll write us down as heroes.

Pears and apples are ripening in the garden,
To fall into the rising weeds,
Beauty, but you feel trouble,
And locks, locks on all the doors.

The hum of engines through the copacs,
Here it is, here is the final turn.
Ahead the fire burns in the night...
Who's alive? Nobody will understand.

Nothing can change now,
There are no seconds for a short smoke break,
We will be able to tame the atom -
It's a pity that there is a lot of grief forever.

What is twenty-five roentgen?
What is strontium, cesium, iodine?
We will find out all this later,
And now the order is to go forward!

Information and evacuation of the population

Presenter: These are the terrible events that unfolded 25 years ago at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. But the first official announcement was made on television on April 27. In a rather dry message, the fact of the accident and two deaths were reported; the true scale of the disaster began to be reported later.

After assessing the scale of radioactive contamination, it became clear that the evacuation of the city of Pripyat would be required, which was carried out on April 27. In the first days after the accident, the population of the 10-kilometer zone was evacuated. In the following days, the population of other settlements within the 30-kilometer zone was evacuated. It was forbidden to take things with you; many were evacuated in home clothes. To avoid fanning panic, it was reported that the evacuees would return home in three days. Pets were not allowed.
To coordinate the work, republican commissions were also created in the Byelorussian, Ukrainian SSR and in the RSFSR, various departmental commissions and headquarters. Specialists sent to carry out work on and around the emergency unit, as well as military units, both regular and made up of urgently called up reservists, began to arrive in the 30-kilometer zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The bulk of the work was carried out in 1986-1987, involving approximately 240,000 people. The total number of liquidators (including subsequent years) was approximately 600,000.
“Account 904” was opened in all savings banks in the country for donations from citizens, which received 520 million rubles in six months. Among the donors was Alla Pugacheva, who gave a charity concert at the Olympic Stadium and a solo concert in Chernobyl for liquidators.

As a result of the accident, about 5 million hectares of land were withdrawn from agricultural use.
A 30-kilometer exclusion zone was created around the nuclear power plant, hundreds of small settlements were destroyed and buried (buried with heavy equipment).
More than 200,000 km² were polluted - this is approximately 70% in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Radioactive substances spread in the form of aerosols, which gradually settled on the surface of the earth.
The highest doses were received by approximately 1,000 people who were near the reactor at the time of the explosion and who took part in emergency work in the first days after it. These doses ranged from 2 to 20 grays (Gy) and were fatal in some cases.
In many cases, radiation sickness was complicated by radiation skin burns caused by β-radiation. During 1986, 28 people died from radiation sickness. Two more people died during the accident for reasons unrelated to radiation. During 1987–2004, another 19 people died.
Observation of a large group of liquidators conducted in Russia revealed an increase in mortality by several percent. Among the 600,000 people exposed to the highest doses of radiation, the mortality rate from cancer is approximately four thousand.
Various public organizations report very high rates of congenital abnormalities and high infant mortality in contaminated areas.
Some of the most heavily contaminated areas in Belarus and Ukraine have seen an increase in mortality.
Liquidators and residents of contaminated areas are susceptible to increased risk various diseases, such as radiation sickness, oncology, cataracts, cardiovascular diseases, decreased immunity, Down syndrome in children, etc.
Dear teachers and children, you need to know and remember this.
I propose to honor with a minute of silence all those who died from the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Extracurricular activity “The Saved World Remembers...” /dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Chernobyl tragedy/

Target: introduce students to the tragedy that happened in our country;: show the significance of an environmental tragedy using the example of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident; Vto instill in students a sense of patriotism and pride for the people who showed courage and bravery in this tragedy.

Tasks:

• to form a sense of responsibility towards the environment, patriotism;
• develop a positive active life position;
• cultivate a sense of compassion, the ability to empathize with other people and appreciate their contribution to the life of the country.

Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, metronome recording, presentation

Progress of the lesson:

A feat is an act that is performed in the name of the life and safety of a complete stranger to me? Or is a feat something else? That which is beyond normal human capabilities

More twenty-seven years separate us from the tragedy of the twentieth century,

From the April night, when the atom learned its power,

Lost control, shook the sleeping planet with an ominous explosion,

Showed an indomitable temper.

Today we will talk about the tragedy that occurred in Chernobyl.The consequences of this disaster could be even more unpredictable.

But 28 fire department workers stepped towards mortal danger.

Just 7 minutes after the alarm signal, fire crews arrived. They were the first to encounter universal misfortune.

Lieutenant Pravik, having arrived at the site, correctly assessed the situation. He went on reconnaissance himself. Only he had the right to make the main decision, and it was impossible to make a mistake in choosing subsequent actions. Acting beyond the limits of all human capabilities, 28 fire fighters managed to cope with the fire - at a cost own life, – saving our lives!

Holy people! Realizing that radiation was raging around them, they fought the fire and cut off its path to the neighboring reactor. They fought until they tamed the flame, but the blue that was around them not only disappeared, but hid inside them. Having received a terrible dose of radiation, they were placed in the best clinic in Moscow, where, it would seem, they should have been saved. The radiation dose was too high...

Chernobyl took the lives of men and women, fathers and mothers. He took away love...

Their love is a hymn to the courage of a man who defended Humanity, and the love of a woman who saved the person dear to her.

There are letters of sorrow on your desks. Read them to us

Letter 1.

“I don’t know what to talk about...About death or love? Or is it the same thing...What is it about?

...We recently got married. They also walked down the street and held hands. I told him: “I love you.” But I still didn’t know how much I loved him... I couldn’t imagine...

We lived in the fire station where he served. On the second floor. And at the first there were red fire trucks. This was his service. I always know: where is he? What about him?

Letter 2.

In the middle of the night I hear a loud noise. My husband saw me: “Close the windows. Get some sleep. I'll be there soon. Seven o'clock in the morning. He's in the hospital. All the wives ran there. I saw him. All swollen. Swollen, almost no eyes.

Letter 3.

Moscow. I asked and begged the doctors to let me see my husband. I found him. I wasn't allowed to be with him. I stayed with him until the very end."

"Don't kiss or hug me!" - he told me

Letter 4.

“An American professor performed an operation on my son. He consoled me and said that there was a little hope. I remember a meeting with a man whose face I don’t remember: “In front of you is no longer a son, not a loved one, but a radioactive object with a high density of contamination. You're not suicidal. Pull yourself together".

My son received one thousand six hundred x-rays. The lethal dose for humans is 400. He died on the 14th day. He was 23 years old. They brought me his order."

These are letters from wives, mothers of firefighters who defended our lives with their lives...

The feat of Chernobyl firefighters evoked feelings of deep admiration and gratitude not only among citizens Soviet Union, but also among the inhabitants of the entire planet.

Let's once again remember their names and honor the memory of the fallen firefighters with a minute of silence

Children, this is our history, our past. Let's talk about the present and the future

You are united into micro groups. I suggest you, using markers, on a piece of Whatman paper, draw up a project “What is a feat?”

After some reflection, each group of students expresses their thoughts, which are written down on a poster. Let's look at your projects and choose words that well define the word “What is a feat?”

We cannot forget about courage and feat for a moment -
And in a serene peaceful hour, and in an unsociable side, and in the most everyday routine.

I would like to believe that this activity made you think again about what kind of person you need to be in order to be able to sacrifice your life for the lives of others

In memory of our meeting, I want to give you white cranes, symbolizing peace on the entire planet, the memory of the fallen, a symbol of peace and respect for our history

APRIL 25, 2013 12.00 pm RDK "KOLOS".
The world is so beautiful! Herbs and flowers,
The murmur of a stream, the smell of strawberries...
The words are heard behind the scenes
No. 1. Dance “Strawberry” dance. count "Gloss"
Poems are heard in the background of the music.
And there was sun! And it was spring!
And before you continue reading the script, check out the following offer for cheap metal window grilles in Skhodnya
And I wanted to live! Oh, how I wanted to live!
Nature has risen from sleep,
And everything began to spin in a spring waltz.
And children's laughter spilled out from everywhere
A ringing song of future happiness!
He promised to bloom the earth forever!
In spring it’s so hard to believe in bad weather...

The music stops. Loud explosion. The light goes out for a moment. Without finishing the dance, the girls run away. There is a video of the explosion on the screen, freeze frame.
The presenters and the reader slowly come out. The reader reads on the go.

READER: The earth and air are fraught with evil, -
Fruits and grains and flowers and herbs -
Death brings everything, poison exhausts everything,
Breath of destructive poison.
Chernobyl is an ominous star,
Invisible, like rock, burning above us.
In the anxiety and sadness of the city,
And fear numbs the villages.
PRESENTER 1: Good afternoon, dear friends!
PRESENTER 2: April 26 is the Day of Remembrance for those killed in radiation accidents and disasters.
PRESENTER 1: This year marks the 27th anniversary of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
PRESENTER 2: The measure of horror for us is war. Chernobyl is worse.
SPEAKER 1: This is a war with an invisible enemy. War without shooting and bullets.
PRESENTER 2: We want to tell you how it was...
READER:
Second o'clock in the morning. Everything is quiet…
Suddenly there is an explosion and a burst of steam into the air...
And the sirens howled madly,
Death and life entered into the struggle.
The world shook. The news is broadcast.
It buzzes in different languages.
Not over Chernobyl, over the world,
Radiation fear hung over.

Pause. The presenter-readers remain on stage. A bell alarm sounds in the background and the READER READS.
The bell is ringing dullly,
Slightly audible distant.
I listen, I cry and remain silent...
SPEAKER 1: 1 hour 23 minutes 40 seconds - 187 control and protection system rods entered the core to shut down the reactor. The chain reaction had to be broken. However, after 3 seconds, alarm signals were registered for exceeding the reactor power and increasing pressure. And after another 4 seconds - a dull explosion that shook the entire building. The emergency protection rods stopped before they were even halfway through.

READER: A column of fire shot up into the sky.
And the explosion scattered the block block.
The earth froze in horror,
Raised on the rack by misfortune.

PRESENTER 2: From the roof of the fourth power unit, like from the mouth of a volcano, sparkling clumps began to fly out. They rose high up. It looked like fireworks. The clumps scattered into multi-colored sparks and fell in different places. A black fireball soared up, forming a cloud that stretched horizontally into a black cloud and went to the side, spreading death, disease and misfortune in the form of small, small drops.

PRESENTER 1: On the territory of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, people stepped over the wreckage; later, due to the high level of radiation, robots could not pass there: they “went crazy.”

SPEAKER 2: And at that time people were still working inside. There is no roof, part of the wall is destroyed... The lights went out, the phone went off. Floors are collapsing. The floor is shaking. The premises are filled with either steam, fog, or dust. Short circuit sparks flash. Radiation monitoring devices are off the charts. Hot radioactive water flows everywhere.
READER: Fire and darkness are an invisible enemy.
One step to death - then immortality.
No shootings, no attacks.
But the only way to live is at the cost of death.

On the screen, an electronic clock counts down the seconds.
SPEAKER 1: 1 hour 26 minutes 03 seconds - the fire alarm went off.
SPEAKER 2: 1 hour 28 minutes - the station duty guard arrived at the scene of the accident.
PRESENTER 1: 1 hour 35 minutes - the Pripyat guard arrived at the station.

READER: The fight against the elements took place at an altitude of 27 to 72 meters, and inside the premises of the fourth power unit, the station personnel on duty were engaged in extinguishing. The firefighters did not know that the reactor had been opened.

PRESENTER 2: 2 hours 10 minutes - there is a fire on the roof of the turbine room.
PRESENTER 1: 2 hours 30 minutes - the fire on the roof of the reactor compartment has been extinguished.
SPEAKER 2: 4 hours 50 minutes - the fire is mostly contained.
SPEAKER 1: 6 hours 35 minutes - the fire has been extinguished.

PRESENTER 2: As a result of a nuclear accident, biggest disaster modernity, which resulted in numerous human casualties, radioactive contamination of the territory of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia. The Chernobyl explosion released at least 130 million curies of a wide variety of radioactive substances into the environment, scattering them over an area of ​​more than 56 thousand square kilometers.

No. 2. “Tell the birds” by Senina N. (clip of the same name)
Bright light on the exit of the presenters.
READER: Yes, a lot depends on the people!
My planet hangs by a thread
A push - and there are neither adults nor children,
No snowy winters, no sunny summers...
PRESENTER 1: Each time has its own heroes. But this time people were faced with an enemy worse than plague, flood, earthquake, and even worse than an aggressor armed to the teeth. This enemy was imperceptible and invisible. He is cruel and cunning, ruthless and deadly.
SPEAKER 2: They did their job. But the situation was unusual - a reactor was “breathing” a deadly breath nearby. The fire spread across the roof of the turbine room. The terrible unbearable heat forced us to take off our respirators. The bitumen melted and flowed, filling the air with a disgusting, suffocating fume. The huge ceiling above the machine room and the auxiliary building fell with a crash. The molten coating burned through shoes, clothes, and burned the body.
SPEAKER 1: But there was no time to think about your safety. The station had to be saved. People were weakened by terrible smoke, unbearable heat, enormous doses of radiation, and pain. They lost strength and fell. But they survived! They saved the station, closed it with themselves and prevented an even greater disaster that could have happened. But this was only the beginning of the trouble.
PRESENTER 2: Volunteers were sent from all over the country, the former USSR, to eliminate the consequences of this accident. They washed away radioactive dust from vehicles with water, disinfected roofs and asphalt.

PRESENTER 1: Danger was in the air!.. The rescuers received a large dose of radiation. And this affected their health. The consequences were not long in coming. Many of the liquidators, as they are still called, passed away and became disabled.
PRESENTER 2: It is impossible to imagine the depth of the consequences that the Chernobyl disaster could have brought if not for the courage and heroism of the people who took part in eliminating the consequences of the disaster.
READER: Let us remember those who drove the cascades,
There were rafter panels on the roof.
Let's remember those who were on the cranes,
He loaded lead and transported concrete.
PRESENTER 1: 20 thousand citizens took part in the liquidation of the accident Rostov region. Among them are our fellow countrymen: Basov Mikhail Alexandrovich, Kashlakov Pyotr Egorovich, Idriskevich Anris Petrovich and Lenkov Alexey Nikolaevich.
PRESENTER 2: Palienko Alexander Pavlovich and Solokha Sergey Viktorovich, Vashchaev Nikolay Georgievich and Sukhovatov Pavel Alexandrovich, Vypryzhkin Alexander Ivanovich and Kopylov Viktor Kirillovich.
PRESENTER 1: Zenkov Viktor Karpovich and Nikulin Alexander Vasilievich, Tarasyuk Petr Stepanovich and Shigaev Alexander Alekseevich, Astapushenko Alexander Vasilievich and Yasinovsky Valery Alexandrovich, Kundik Mikhail Alekseevich and Golubchikov Sergey Nikitich.
PRESENTER 2: The floor is given to the Head of the Department social protection of the population of the Bokovsky District Administration Natalya Ivanovna Frolova.
Performance.
No. 3. “Stand up people” Kargin N.
PRESENTER 1: The accident caused large-scale radioactive contamination of the area not only in Ukraine, but also far beyond its borders. Radioactive contamination has been recorded in more than 30 countries around the world.
PRESENTER 2: One of the most important tasks in eliminating the consequences of the accident was isolating the destroyed reactor and preventing the release of radioactive substances into the environment. The first stage of her solution was the construction of a shelter, which was called a sarcophagus.
READER: Turning away from the red forest,
Radiating anxiety and fear,
In the center of the zone above the Chernobyl nuclear power plant wound
The sarcophagus, gray as an elephant, froze.
PRESENTER 1: The height of the “sarcophagus” was 61 meters, the greatest thickness of the walls was 18 meters. According to the safety characteristics, the sarcophagus is designed to last only 20-30 years and is gradually destroyed.
SPEAKER 2: Work is currently underway on the construction of a new shelter over the Arch object. It is designed for 100 years of safe operation.
PRESENTER 1: For work in the area of ​​the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, armored vehicles with increased protection from radiation were used, but this practically did not help. After a week of use, they had to be buried in burial grounds, since the metal began to literally “glow” from radiation. The largest such cemetery is located in the village of Rassokha, 25 km from the nuclear power plant.
READER: Forgotten well, guardian of a deserted village,
An unmown, gray, aging meadow under the sun.
And the dome in the distance is golden, the holy monastery,
And the empty city suddenly appears in front of him.
And strange people, dressed out of season,
And everything you see around is called a zone.
PRESENTER 2: From a zone with a radius of 30 km from the exploded reactor, a complete evacuation residents.
PRESENTER 1: On the outskirts of the city of Khoiniki there is a monument to those killed as a result Chernobyl disaster villages. A sculpture of a grieving woman against the background of a semicircular wall with the names of dead villages of the Khoiniki region. There are 21 settlements on the wall. These are only relatively large non-residential villages - there are many more small ones...
READER: Everything stopped and froze suddenly,
There was a terrible groan from Chernobyl.
Forgotten villages have stood since then,
Looking at life through window openings.

Video “Abandoned City” (6 min).
Bright light on the exit of the presenters.
PRESENTER 2: Chernobyl. Now the whole world knows this word. We still feel the consequences of this tragedy.
PRESENTER 1: The thirty-kilometer zone remains uninhabited. Because not only people suffered, but also nature - meadows, fields, forests, birds and animals. Everything that used to please the eye and benefit man has become dangerous for him.
PRESENTER 2: The Chernobyl zone has been erased from life for 500, and maybe even a thousand years, no one knows what and when science will be able to do to bring it back to life.
PRESENTER 1: Today, among the many tons of abandoned equipment that cannot be decontaminated and therefore cannot even be melted down, there are wild boars, wild herds of horses gallop, and giant heads of mutant catfish emerge from the pond of the former reactor cooler.
PRESENTER 2: It’s sad, but the fate of the zone is determined: it is destined to become a burial place for liquid and solid nuclear waste...Ukraine...Europe.
READER: There is a sacred custom of the Slavs:
Leave your land to your descendants.
I am a traitor to my land
My garden is dying.
He caresses his gaze with the sated weight of apples,
It's not easy to come to terms with death.
We are rooted in this land,
We alienate ourselves from it through fear.
Even the enemy failed to take our land,
How can we escape from it now?
I put a crown of thorns on her
This dead Chernobyl zone.
No. 4. “Russia” by D. Agiev.
PRESENTER 1: From the very beginning of its activities, the Permanent Committee of the Union State has been paying considerable attention to problems related to the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster.
PRESENTER 2: In 1998, the first Union program to overcome the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster for 1998-2000 was approved, then three more programs were adopted.
PRESENTER 1: The main goal of the “Chernobyl” programs is the formation of a unified policy of our two states to overcome the consequences of the disaster.
PRESENTER 2: In the distant future, there will be no trace left of Chernobyl, people will again be able to return to live in most beautiful places Ukrainian Polesie, which became a restricted area.
READER:
It will smell like spring freshness,
Warm April days.
Someone's heart
Full of love and tenderness,
Suddenly it starts to beat harder than before! And all nature will awaken, and everything around will sing,
Everything will come to life and will be filled with juice.
The land of human labor awaits.

No. 5. “Chernobyl Stork” by N. Kargina (clip of the same name)
PRESENTER 1: After Chernobyl, nuclear energy suffered a severe blow, but our science, our designers and planners began to try to make nuclear energy more secure. And they did it.
SPEAKER 2: And they will do it even better. According to nuclear energy statistics on the level of occupational injuries and mortality from accidents in last years turned out to be one of the most prosperous industries.
According to scientists, society will come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop nuclear energy as the safest and cheapest way to supply electricity. Progress cannot be stopped! In Russia, the future lies in nuclear energy!
PRESENTER 1: And we hope that, built according to all the rules and with an understanding of all the responsibility that lies on the shoulders of scientists, designers, builders and workers of modern nuclear power plants, our houses will always be filled with light, and nothing will threaten nature and people .
No. 6. “White Rus'” by Egorov V.
PRESENTER 2: Our program is ending, we told you about the events that happened 27 years ago and we hope that such a tragedy will never happen again!

PRESENTER 1: Dear friends, we say goodbye to you. Goodbye, see you again

Thanks for the script! Script prepared by: Valeria Egorova