About 147 million people - this is exactly how many people live in Russia today. How many of them are women, men, children and pensioners? Which nationalities are the most numerous in the country? What are the characteristics of rural and urban population Russia? Let's try to answer all these questions.

Population of Russia: some dry numbers

The Russian Federation is the first country in the world in terms of area and ninth in terms of population. Main demographic indicators of the state (as of 2016):

• 146,544,710 - population of Russia (as of January 1, 2016);
• 1.77 - total fertility rate (for 2015);
• 18,538 - increase in the country's population in the first 11 months of 2016;
• 8.57 people/sq. km. - average population density;
• 20-24 years - average age birth of the first child (for women);
• more than 200 nations and ethnic groups live in modern Russia.

Population registration in the Russian Federation

Population census data allows us to create the most complete and accurate demographic picture of the country. This information helps to analyze the dynamics of general demographic indicators in the state or its specific region.

A population census is a labor-intensive and unified process of collecting, systematizing, analyzing and processing data on the population of a country or region. This event is carried out on the basis of the principles of confidentiality, universality and strict centralization of the entire process.

The first general survey in the history of Russia was held in 1897 under the leadership of the scientist and geographer P. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky. IN Soviet time the country's inhabitants were "counted" nine more times. After the collapse of the USSR, the population census in Russia was carried out twice - in 2002 and 2010.

In addition to censuses, demographic indicators in Russia are recorded by Rosstat, territorial registry offices, and passport offices.

Current demographic situation in Russia

Total population of the Russian Federation: almost 143 million people and another 90,000 citizens living abroad. These are the data from the latest population census conducted in the country in the fall of 2010. Compared to the 2002 census, the number of residents of Russia has decreased by more than two million.

In general, the current demographic situation in Russia can be characterized as a crisis. Although it is too early to talk about the “extinction of a nation.” Moreover, in last years positive natural population growth is recorded (albeit insignificant). Life expectancy in the country is also increasing. So, since 2010 it has increased from 68.9 to 70.8 years.

According to the most pessimistic scenarios, by 2030 the population of Russia will decline to approximately 142 million people. According to forecasts of optimistic demographers, its population will grow to 152 million inhabitants.

Sex and age structure of the population

According to the latest census, there are 10.8 million more women in Russia than men. And this “gap” between the sexes is only widening every year. main reason This situation means increased mortality among men of mature (working) age. Moreover, more than half of these deaths occur due to diseases of the cardiovascular system.

The current age composition of the Russian population is as follows:

• group of children and minors (0-14 years): 15%;
• citizens of working age (15-64 years): 72%
• pensioners (over 65 years): about 13%.

Ethnic composition of the population

In accordance with the current Constitution, Russia is a multinational state. Data from recent population censuses once again confirm this thesis.

Thus, in Russia there are more than two hundred nationalities and ethnic groups. The most numerous nation in the country are Russians (about 80%). However, they are distributed quite unevenly across the territory of the Russian Federation. The least number of Russians is in the Chechen Republic (no more than 2%).

Other nations whose population within Russia exceeds one percent:

• Tatars (3.9%);
• Ukrainians (1.4%);
• Bashkirs (1.2%);
• Chuvash (1%);
• Chechens (1%).

Citizens Russian Federation They speak several hundred languages ​​and different dialects. The most common of them are Russian, Ukrainian, Armenian, Belarusian, Tatar. But 136 languages ​​on the territory of modern Russia are under serious threat of complete extinction (according to the international organization UNESCO).

Rural and urban population of Russia

Today in Russia there are 2,386 cities and more than 134 thousand; 74% of the country's residents live in cities, 26% in villages and villages. The rural and urban populations of Russia differ greatly in ethnicity, gender and age composition, level and way of life.

In modern Russia, two seemingly incompatible trends are surprisingly combined. On the one hand, the number of villages in the country is rapidly declining, sung in poetry and prose " rural Russia"is gradually dying out. On the other hand, the country is characterized by so-called deurbanization (within 0.2% per year). Russia is one of the few countries in the world where people are actively moving from cities to villages for permanent residence.

As of the beginning of 2016, the urban population of Russia is almost 109 million people.

Cities of Russia

If at least 12,000 people live in a settlement, provided that 85% of them are not employed agriculture, then it can be considered a city. All Russian cities by population are divided into:

• small (up to 50,000 inhabitants);
• medium (50-100 thousand);
• large (100-250 thousand);
• large (250-500 thousand);
• largest (500-1000 thousand);
• “millionaires” (with a population of over one million people).

Today the list of millionaire cities in Russia consists of 15 names. And almost 10% of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated in these fifteen settlements.

Many big cities Russia is developing very quickly, acquiring satellite settlements and forming urban agglomerations with stable economic and social relationships.

Villages of Russia

There are five types of rural settlements on the territory of Russia:

• villages;
• villages;
• farms;
• villages;
• auls.

About half of all rural settlements in the country are small (the population of which does not exceed 50 people).

The traditional one is gradually dying out. And this is one of the most painful demographic problems of modern Russia. Since 1991, about 20 thousand villages have disappeared from the state map. An impressive and scary figure!

The latest population census, conducted in 2010, once again proved the sad statistics: from many Russian villages only names and empty houses remained. And we are talking here not only about the villages of Siberia or Far East. Just a few hundred kilometers from Moscow you can find recently abandoned villages. The saddest situation is observed in the Tver region, which is located exactly in the middle between the two capitals of the country - Moscow and St. Petersburg. Large migrations to these two promising megacities, combined with high mortality rates, lead to the extinction of dozens of small settlements.

Why is the Russian village dying out? There are many reasons, although they are all closely interrelated. Lack of work, normal medicine and infrastructure, total lack of amenities and the impossibility of self-realization are driving village residents to big cities.

Population of Crimea: total number, national, linguistic and religious composition

As of the beginning of 2016, 2.3 million people live within the Republic of Crimea. During 2014-2016, about 22 thousand people migrated from the peninsula to mainland Ukraine (for political reasons). During the same period of time, at least 200 thousand refugees from war-torn cities and villages of Donbass moved to Crimea.

The population of Crimea consists of representatives of 175 nationalities. The most numerous among them are Russians (68%), Ukrainians (16%), Crimean Tatars (11%), Belarusians, Azerbaijanis and Armenians. The most common language on the peninsula is Russian. In addition to this, you can often hear Crimean Tatar, Armenian, and Ukrainian speech here.

Most of the population of Crimea professes Orthodoxy. as well as Uzbeks and Azerbaijanis are adherents of the Muslim religion. The local peoples Karaites and Krymchaks are Jewish by their religion. Today there are more than 1,300 religious communities and organizations on the peninsula.

The level of urbanization in the republic is quite low - only 51%. In recent decades, the total rural population has increased significantly due to Crimean Tatars, who at this time were actively returning to their historical homeland and settled mainly in villages. Today there are 17 cities in Crimea. The largest of them (in Sevastopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Yalta.

Conclusion

26% / 74% - this is the ratio that estimates the rural and urban population of Russia today. The state has a lot of acute demographic problems, the solution of which should be approached comprehensively. One of them is the process of extinction of villages and small towns in modern Russia.

Russia. The vastness of this State has no end or beginning. In Russia, as in fact in any modern country, there are cities. Small, medium and even cities with a million people. Each city has its own history, and each one is different.

Every year, in populated areas, sociological research, mainly this is a population census. The vast majority of cities are small settlements, especially since there are parts of Russia where settlement is not so intensive. The ranking presents the ten smallest cities in the Russian Federation.

City of Kedrovy. 2129 people

The city of Kedrovy is located in the Tomsk region and is very little known. Is located in pine forest, its purpose is a settlement for oil station workers.

Kedrovy was built in the eighties of the last century. This entire city consists of almost nothing but five-story buildings. Surprising: several five-story buildings in a pine forest. Probably its residents do not complain about the smell of exhaust fumes and the noise of cars. 2129 people – population of the city of Kedrovy.

Ostrovnoy city. 2065 people

Murmansk region. Located on the coast, near the Yokang Islands (Barents Sea). What’s most interesting is that it’s practically a ghost town. Only about 20% inhabited by people. There are no roads into the city. Railway lines too. Can only be reached by water or air. Previously, as those who still remained there say, planes flew, but now only helicopters flew, and then only occasionally. If you look at it from afar, the city is quite large, but if you know its population, it will be difficult to believe. In total, 2065 citizens live in this dying city.

City of Gorbatov. 2049 people

Approximately 60 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod. The city is truly ancient; information about it was first recorded in 1565. Before it began to die out, it produces (and previously produced) ropes, ropes and other similar things for the navy.

Research was carried out, and the results indicate that 2049 people now live in the city. Apart from ropes and ropes, gardening is also very well developed in this city. There is also a souvenir products factory.

City of Plyos. 1984 people

Belongs to the Ivanovo region. There is information about him that comes from the chronicle of the Novgorod monasteries (1141), this information is the first. Some sources say that this city once had its own fortress, but when is still not clear. The population is falling, but the city will probably continue to attract tourists with its legend.

It is not like modern cities: there are no five-story buildings, no transport communications. It looks like an ordinary village, only bigger. The population is 1984 people. The city has no industrial enterprises.

City of Primorsk. 1943 people

His buildings are actually more modern. Reminiscent of little Pripyat, apparently built to the same standards. Located in the Kaliningrad region. Before the war it belonged to the Germans, but was captured in 1945 by the Red Army.

It acquired its name two years after the capture. Now it is home to 1943 people. As far as we know, it can be easily reached. Before the city belonged to the Soviet Union, it was called Fischhausen. From 2005 to 2008 it was listed as an urban-type settlement of the Baltic urban district.

City of Artyomovsk. 1837 people

In the last century, about thirteen thousand were registered (in 1959). The population began to plummet. It is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, about 370 kilometers from the center. It looks like a large plant in a mountainous area.

It is in fifth place in the ranking of the smallest cities in the Russian Federation. This city was founded in 1700; it was previously called Olkhovka, as it was surrounded by trees of this type. Now it is part of the Kuraginsky district. The population is falling by this moment it amounts to 1837 people. It is engaged in the timber industry, as well as the mining of gold, copper and silver.

City of Kurilsk. 1646 people

This city has a population of 1,646 people and is located on the island of Iturup. Belongs to the Sakhalin region. The Ainu, an indigenous tribe, once lived here. Later this place was settled by explorers Tsarist Russia. It is somewhat reminiscent of a resort village, although the climate for recreation is very unsuitable.

The area is mountainous, which adds more picturesque places to Kurilsk. He is mainly engaged in fish farming. In 1800 it was captured by the Japanese and only by 1945 it was occupied by soldiers of the Red Army. The climate is moderate.

City of Verkhoyansk. 1131 people

This city is the northernmost settlement in Yakutia. The climate is very cold; several decades ago the air temperature was recorded here, which was about -67 degrees Celsius. Winter is very frosty and windy.

This city is characterized by low rainfall. In 2016, its population was 1,125 people, and in 2017, according to the latest population census, it increased by 6 people. This city was built as a Cossack winter hut.

City of Vysotsk. 1120 people

It was built as a port. Located in Leningrad region(Vyborg district). Passed into possession Soviet Union only in the early forties of the last century, and before that it belonged to Finland. Plays a strategic role as there is a naval base here Federal Service Security of the Russian Federation. The population of the city of Vysotsk is, according to the latest data, 1120 inhabitants. Vysotsk is located in a very convenient place for border troops, right on the border with Finland. The port also has an oil loading function.

City of Chekalin. 964 people

Tula region, Suvorovsky district. In first place in the ranking of the smallest cities in the Russian Federation. In 2012 they wanted to recognize it as a village, but city residents began to protest and abandoned the status. Another, old name is Likhvin.

During the war, Likhvin was renamed Chkalin. The fact is that at this place the Nazis executed a partisan, who was then only sixteen years old. Received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. Despite such a small population of only 964 people, in 1565 (the year of its foundation) it occupied an area of ​​approximately 1 square verst.