Satisfaction with life as a personality quality is the ability, when realizing one’s life, to experience peace, calm and humility every time, to show positive emotions when mentally comparing your goals, desires, intentions, hopes with actual results, your current state with the past, weighing prospects for the future, comparing your life with the life of your environment.

One man put up a poster near his house: “I will give my land to someone who is completely satisfied with life.” Driving past the house, a rich farmer read the poster and said to himself: “Our friend has decided to give away his land.” I need to quickly take it for myself before someone else does it. I'm rich; I have everything I need. I have every right to this land. He rang the doorbell and explained the reason for his arrival. -Are you really completely satisfied? - the donor asked him. - Yes, completely, because I have everything I need. “Friend,” the man answered, “if you have everything you need, then why do you need this piece of land?”

Happiness is the satisfaction of life in the company of joy. Most people think so. Joy is emotional, and satisfaction is a conscious component of happiness. Life satisfaction – best wealth. A person mentally compares his present situation with the past, weighs the prospects for the future, compares his life with the lives of other people and, if everything is fine, feels a pleasant state of satisfaction.

Satisfaction covers the most significant areas of life for a person and, as a rule, its circle of interests includes love, family relationships, material well-being, health, relationships with people, social status. In short, the larger a person’s range of interests, the more multifaceted his life, the greater demands he makes for life satisfaction.

A person in ignorance will be illusorily satisfied with life if he is “fed and drunk”, if he always has a drink, a snack, a hook-up and sleep. A sexual maniac (in Ukraine they are called “pisy villain”) will be completely satisfied with his existence if he has an abundance of relationships at the level of the lower centers. A person in passion experiences a mirage of satisfaction with life when he has money, in a profitable position, in power. In comparison with others, he is “cool”, because he has a prestigious house, a car, a yacht, jewelry, in a word, a long assortment of attributes of a luxurious life. A person in goodness associates satisfaction with achieving harmony with himself and with the outside world, with the development of the spiritual mind, with a state of peace and self-sufficiency.

In other words, the taste of happiness of each person, his satisfaction with life directly depends on which of the three energies he is under the influence of - ignorance, passion or goodness. There are no identical criteria for life satisfaction for all people. Some people have a lot of them, but, for example, a glutton has one, just so he can eat a lot and deliciously. I have a full belly and am completely satisfied with life. Some people eat in order to live, but he lives in order to eat. There is such a parable. It was a long time ago when the Lord created the earth, trees, animals and people. Man became the ruler over them all, but when he was expelled from paradise and became unhappy, he asked the animals to bring him happiness. “Okay,” said the animals, accustomed to obeying humans. And they went around the world in search of human happiness. They searched for a long time, but never found his happiness, because they didn’t even know what it looked like. And so they decided to bring what made them happy. The fish brought fins, tail, gills and scales. Tiger - strong paws, claws, fangs and nose. Eagle - wings, feathers, a strong beak and a sharp eye. But none of this made the person happy. And then the animals told him that he should go seek his own happiness. Since then, every person walks the earth and seeks his own happiness, but few people think of looking for it in themselves.

What are the big pluses, the advantages of satisfaction as a personality quality? As mentioned above, contentment serves as a basic component for happiness. But this is far from the only advantage for the owner of this personality trait, especially if he is in goodness. A good person, satisfied with life, receives from it as a gift peace, tranquility, prosperity, sobriety and humility. When a person is satisfied with life, he stops being nervous, worrying, and wasting his energy unnecessarily.

A person in passion cannot be truly satisfied with life. His feelings are insatiable, this is their nature. No matter how much he achieves and no matter what he has, it will always be not enough, new longings will always arise, new attachments to objects of the external world. Today you had a luxury car, tomorrow you have a yacht, and the day after tomorrow you have a private jet, that is, satisfaction from life will be illusory, imaginary. Engaging in self-deception, out of a sense of vanity, he will convince himself and others of his success. But his false ego will sarcastically whisper: “You are just a millionaire and you will never be in Forbes magazine.” You haven’t achieved anything worthwhile yet.” Denny Scheinman in his book “The Quantum Theory of Love” writes: “We must clearly understand the difference between “being” and “having.” Passion eats a person. If your goal is to earn a certain amount of money, you will not stop even after this money is already in your pocket, you will need more and more. If a person sees his happiness in possessing a specific woman, he is unlikely to limit himself to just one. He will have to conquer more and more, more and more new ones.”

Greed, like happiness in the future, will constantly drive a person into passion along the road of satisfying his feelings and mind with endless material assets. Therefore, his declared satisfaction with life is just a way to deceive himself and others.

In the context of this thought, the following parable sounds. The dervish was sitting by the side of the road when an arrogant courtier galloped past, accompanied by a magnificent retinue. Angrily lashing the dervish with his cane, the courtier shouted: “You tramp!” Get out of my way! When they rushed off, the dervish rose from the ground and said after them: “May you find everything you want in this world, whatever your desires are, and even more than that!” This scene made the deepest impression on a passerby, who approached the pious man and asked: “Be so kind as to tell me what prompted your words: was it the nobility of your spirit - or the fact that worldly desires will undoubtedly lead this man to even greater dishonor? - Oh, clear-faced! - said the dervish. “Didn’t it occur to you that I said what I said because people who achieve the satisfaction of their true desires do not need to rush headlong and whip dervishes?”

People in passion need to understand that in their life, initially from the moment of birth, there are four constants, four “vessels”: health, money, family happiness and knowledge. Everything is predetermined. If a person is supposed to be a millionaire, he will become one. An unreasonable person can, through his actions, “pour” the contents of each of the vessels in the direction he needs. But he must realize that by filling, for example, a vessel with money, he empties the vessels of health and family happiness. Or, being carried away by his family, a man quits his job. It is clear that the family will have less money. Drawing on reserve karma is a thankless and life-threatening task, because it is difficult to calculate the consequences of your hasty, impatient actions.

A person who exhibits the quality of life satisfaction understands that having money, health, family happiness and knowledge depend on his past actions. Therefore, he calms down and experiences true satisfaction. If a person experiences strong tension, encounters great difficulties and obstacles, if he sees that work is turning into hard labor, family into prison, health into a word that causes envy, and the crunch of money into an auditory hallucination, then these are sure signs of that he was taken in the wrong direction. What to do? You need to put on the brakes, understand that you are not doing what you are supposed to do. A person satisfied with life acts according to his purpose, his talent, his duty. That’s why he doesn’t get tired of it throughout his life, but accumulates strength. And what happens next? Life gets better because he has worked through his past bad deeds. That is, satisfaction allows you to change your life situation in better side, while dissatisfaction only wastes strength and energy.

Contentment is the true friend of simplicity. A simple person is satisfied with what fate sends him. Fate sent me this husband - I love him, fate sent me these children - I love them, fate sent me this country - I love it. What is the point of shouting: “Give me another country, husband and children?” What can I do? I can only either love it or worry and be terribly angry. That is, the energy of understanding that a person lives correctly is in active satisfaction with life.

Petr Kovalev 2013

Life satisfaction index

Literary source: Lifeline and other new methods of psychology of life path / ed. A. A. Kronika. – M.: Progress, 1993. – P. 107–114.

Target: determining a person’s attitude towards himself and his own life, the general emotional background, his mood on this moment life.

Equipment: Methodology form, text of questions.

Note. A person’s activity in learning depends on how comfortable he feels at the present moment in life, how adapted he is to unexpected life circumstances.

1. As I get older, many things seem better to me than I expected before.

2. Life has brought me more disappointments than most people I know.

3. This is the darkest period of my life.

4. My life could be happier than it is.

5. I'm almost as happy now as I was when I was younger.

6. Most of the things I have to do are boring and uninteresting.

7. Now I'm worried best years in my life.

8. I believe that interesting and pleasant things await me in the future.

9. I feel the same interest in my affairs and activities as before.

10. As I get older, I feel more and more tired.

11. The feeling of age does not bother me.

12. When I look back on my life, I feel a sense of satisfaction.

13. I wouldn't change mine past life, even if he had such an opportunity.

14. Compared to other people my age, I have done a lot of stupid things in my life.

15. I look better than most other people my age.

16. I have some plans that I intend to implement in the near future.

17. Looking back, I can say that I missed a lot in my life.

18. I am too often, compared to other people, in a depressed mood.

19. I got quite a lot of what I expected from life.

20. No matter what they say, with age, most people get worse, not better.

Answer key:

Processing the results.

The index of overall life satisfaction is determined by assigning points according to the key. The maximum life satisfaction index is 40 points. Average life satisfaction is 25–30 points. Scores less than 25 points are considered low.

As additional information about which specific areas of life bring satisfaction or dissatisfaction, you can calculate the number of points on the scales ( maximum amount points on each scale – 8).

Interpretation of results

1. Interest in life. Judgments No. 1 , 6 , 9 , 11 . The scale reflects the degree of enthusiasm and enthusiasm for ordinary everyday life.

2.Consistency in achieving goals. Judgments No. 8 , 13 , 16 , 17 . High scores on this scale reflect such features of the attitude towards life as determination, perseverance, aimed at achieving goals. A low score on this scale reflects passive reconciliation with life's failures, submissive acceptance of everything that life brings.

3. Consistency between goals set and achieved. Judgments No. 2 , 4 , 5 , 19 . High scores reflect a person’s conviction that he has achieved or is capable of achieving those goals that he considers important to himself.

4.Positive assessment of yourself and your own actions. Judgments No. 12 , 14 , 15 , 20 . This includes a person’s assessment of his external and internal qualities. A high score reflects high self-esteem.

5.General background of mood. Judgments No. 3 , 7 , 10 , 18 . The scale shows the degree of optimism and pleasure from life.

The results of this test make it possible to quickly obtain information about the general emotional state of a person, about areas of life that may be “problematic” for him. Of course, the researcher does not always have the opportunity to psychological work with the student. However, knowing a person’s characteristics can help you choose the right tactics for interacting with him. In addition, you can evaluate the effectiveness of training and psychological support if you conduct surveys after the training process.

At the present stage of development of society, in the age of high speeds, large volumes of information and constant lack of time, the most pressing question arises of considering such a phenomenon as life satisfaction.

At the moment, a large number of works by both foreign and domestic authors are devoted to the complex and multidimensional problem of life satisfaction. Nevertheless, their analysis shows that there is currently no single point of view on the interpretation of the concept of “life satisfaction” and its structure. Just as there is no clear distinction between similar but not identical concepts. Thus, in socio-psychological works devoted to the problem of studying the characteristics of a person’s assessment of his life as a whole, along with the term “life satisfaction”, such concepts as “happiness”, “well-being”, “subjective well-being”, “quality of life”, “subjective quality of life" and others. Consequently, there is a need to define the very concept of life satisfaction and separate it from others.

R. M. Shamionov considers life satisfaction as “a complex, constantly changing socio-psychological formation, based on the unity of cognitive and emotional-volitional processes, characterized by a subjective emotional-evaluative attitude and having a motivating force that encourages action, search, management of internal and external objects"

Among the factors influencing life satisfaction, there are mainly: health, gender, age, self-confidence, optimism, psychological stability, personal and family security, family relationships, effective social contacts (relationships with friends, interpersonal trust, frequency spending time with people, opportunities for emotional communication), fruitful leisure, creative self-realization, work, decent social status, achievement of goals, assessment based on subjective merits, financial situation, confidence in the future, social stability, comfortable living environment (climate, ecology, developed social infrastructure), assessment of the health care system, government, assessment of the economic situation in the country.

Since life satisfaction is a complex and complex parameter, it is necessary to present some more views on what may be the components of this concept. So, E.V. Balatsky, in an attempt to quantify life satisfaction, considered that the following factors could be part of the phenomenon we are considering:

• 1. Subjective and family security.
• 2. Material well-being.
• 3. Family well-being.
• 4. The ability to achieve set goals, which manifests itself in social and political freedom and the opportunity to realize the potential of social mobility.
• 5. Opportunities for creative self-realization.
• 6. Fruitful leisure (Availability of free time and opportunities for its fruitful use).
• 7. Good climate.
• 8. Subjective assessment of social status as worthy..
• 9. Effective informal social contacts (Friendship, sex, mutual understanding, communication).
• 10. Social stability.
• 11. Comfortable living environment.
• 12. Good health.

Also, according to some theories, it is believed that life satisfaction is determined by the difficulties overcome, goals achieved and changes occurring professionally and personal life. And also, to the extent that it is associated with achievements and desired changes, Satisfaction also depends on various internal characteristics, such as self-confidence and own strength, the ability to plan and evaluate the consequences of one’s actions. It is also obvious that life satisfaction is directly related to self-esteem. Self-esteem is not only closely related to life satisfaction, but also regulates the influence of other characteristics on it.

At the same time, low ambition, a permissive attitude towards one’s responsibilities and the ability to enjoy life in the present moment, without thinking about plans for the future, can also create an overall positive perception of life in an individual. And the dividing line between satisfied and dissatisfied with life is determined by the individual’s ability to adapt to existing conditions. In other words, the relationships between personality traits and life satisfaction may be mediated by third characteristics.

We can say that the overall level of life satisfaction is influenced by a huge complex of characteristics.

The ambiguity of the psychological definition of the term “life satisfaction” is manifested in the fact that it is considered in different contexts:

• 1. in close connection with the concept of happiness
• 2. in the context of quality of life
• 3. as subjective well-being of the individual
• 4. as a result of a positive attitude towards oneself and the events of one’s life
• 5. as a process and result of the positive use of flow - a source of mental energy and motivation.

There are still questions in science about whether the assessment of global life satisfaction depends on subjective judgments about satisfaction with various areas of life (the so-called “bottom-up” process)? Or is it the other way around, and the level of overall life satisfaction affects satisfaction with specific areas of life (a “top-down” process)?

The very phenomenon of life satisfaction is considered as a subjectively experienced state, which is a reaction to the quality of an individual’s interaction with life circumstances. Within the framework of a person’s subjective perception, the following are considered to be signs of life satisfaction:

• 1. general emotional state associated with the current life situation,
• 2. dynamic component of life such as activity - passivity, ambition, the presence of aspirations and desires,
• 3. subjective feeling of saturation or emptiness of life,
• 4. satisfaction associated with the implementation of plans and satisfaction of needs,
• 5. a sense of stability in the world around us, as well as expectations from the future.

A large number of doubts are often expressed regarding the accuracy of measuring such a phenomenon as satisfaction, since often the indicators obtained in the course of research have a poor degree of correlation with the objective characteristics of a person’s life. As an example, we can take such an indicator as income level. It is not believed to have a strong impact on satisfaction. Another difficulty relates to cross-cultural comparisons: in some countries, respondents report extremely low subjective income indicators.

It is worth mentioning one more aspect of this problem: it is not known how much satisfaction is determined by factors such as the individual’s way of thinking. Also, it is worth remembering that the assessment of satisfaction can also be determined by such things as comparisons with the past or with other people. In addition, these judgments are influenced by the immediate emotional state at the time of measurement, as well as the simplest habit - adaptation to the situation and different visions of events. It is worth mentioning that satisfaction can also be illusory, arising when individuals delude themselves into thinking that they are completely satisfied with their lives. Satisfaction may also depend on the goals a person sets for himself. And sometimes the very presence of a goal can be a direct source of satisfaction. At the same time, the inability to remain in a state of satisfaction, or to achieve it, often turns out to be the cause of the opposite phenomenon - dissatisfaction. Some of the phenomena discussed can be taken both as errors of judgment and as sources of genuine judgments of satisfaction. If this statement is true, satisfaction can be influenced not only by changing the immediate existing situation, but by changing the person’s attitude towards it, for example, during therapy.

Another approach is to identify which areas, according to people’s subjective assessment, are the most important sources of satisfaction in their lives. Hall (1976) used this technique in a UK survey and obtained results showing that the most frequently mentioned areas were:

• * home and family life;
• * monetary sphere;
• * standard of living;
• * social values ​​and norms;
• * social relationships;
• * living conditions;
• * health;
• * Job.

Some well-being researchers have concluded that objective factors do not play an important role: the most important are individual differences, as well as cognitive and emotional processes. This point of view is supported by two findings. First of all, people with serious disabilities rate their happiness and satisfaction quite highly. Secondly, there is a fairly low level of correlation between satisfaction and financial income.

According to some theories of social comparison, people quite often, in comparison situations, evaluate their lives or qualities by comparing them with what is present in others. As an example, it has been found that as national income increases, individual satisfaction does not increase significantly - probably because everyone's income has increased. Wille (1981) has collected a large body of evidence that supports the hypothesis that people experience increased levels of subjective well-being when compared with less fortunate individuals; as well as another hypothesis, according to which, the “top-down” comparison is due to a decrease in subjective well-being. Based on this, the scientist concludes that people mainly compare their well-being on a “bottom-up” basis, but for individuals with low self-esteem the opposite phenomenon is typical.

In people assessed as happy or unhappy, the comparison process is carried out differently. Lyubomirsky and Ross (1997) found that the self-esteem of unhappy people is often determined by the performance of a partner who performed better or worse than them on a similar task. However, for people rated as happy, the participant who received the best results did not have a significant effect. Probably, the partner with the best results acted as an incentive in a given situation and increased prospects, which made people happier.

People often choose their own comparison objects: for example, individuals with high levels of subjective well-being compare themselves with others in a more positive way. As a result of the comparison, it is possible to draw different conclusions. Bunk et al. (1990) showed that bottom-up comparisons have an impact on people's feelings, both positive and negative. negative side, in connection with their health. Comparisons caused by some insurmountable external circumstances do not have a specific impact on satisfaction. “The choice of an object of comparison is a flexible process, not determined solely by the degree of availability of the corresponding “others”,” some scientists note.

Some studies have compared the satisfaction predicted by social gap data with that expected when only actual achievements or opportunities are taken into account. Sometimes this gap itself can be a determining component of satisfaction, and not vice versa. Headey and Veenhoven (1989) obtained this evidence using results from the Victorian Panel Study in Australia: “The gap is caused by life satisfaction, not the other way around.” Campbell and colleagues (1976), based on this theory, tried to explain the phenomenon of increasing satisfaction with age, noting that the “gap” decreases over time.

According to the goal-achievement gap theory, high aspirations can lead to low levels of satisfaction. But some other theorists argue that the very fact of having any adequate life goals is a favorable factor.

Sometimes there are people in the world who, regardless of the circumstances, see everything “in sunlight" Such people are optimistic, happy, and all events seem joyful to them. They have a positive outlook on others, have many positive memories of pleasant events, and their free associations have a positive coloration. But how do such people manage to see things on the positive side? It is likely that a different type of thinking influences their level of happiness. It was explained above that top-down comparisons improve perceived well-being. A similar effect occurs if the partner of the subject being evaluated is made of a person who is physically handicapped, or disadvantaged in some other sense, or who is not so successful in performing the proposed laboratory tasks. But don't forget that we've seen the impact it can have on mood. happy people the success of their partner, since in this case they can presumably count on the fact that they themselves will be able to improve their results and achieve greater success in the future.

It was also noted that the very fact of having thoughts about positive events can encourage, but this effect greatly depends on how long ago this pleasant experience is. Strack et al (1985) found that when subjects were asked to mentally recall pleasant events from the recent past or present, subjects' feelings of subjective well-being increased. In the situation with events from the more distant past, thoughts about negative events had a stronger effect on the assessment of well-being. Past experience in this case acts as a contrast, and positive events that occur in the present act as subjective evidence of well-being.

The importance of what a person attributes an event to was also noted. There is evidence that people with depression often blame themselves for bad things that happen: they feel self-directed guilt that they believe is the cause and that the bad thing will happen again. There is no precise data yet on which influence is stronger: either this style of “attribution” causes depression, or it’s the other way around. But Fincham and Bradbury (1993) found that having similar attributions about spouses' behavior predicts the success of a marriage. If the blame for an unfavorable situation is placed on the shortcomings of another, this is considered an indicator of an unsuccessful marriage. Also, data were obtained that subjectively happy people are not characterized by such attribution of the causes of failure to themselves; on the contrary, they believe that good events in life occur directly due to the efforts of the person himself.

It is also worth mentioning the phenomenon of internal control. Internal control is a personality variable that has a relationship with satisfaction. The essence this phenomenon in the belief that a person is able to control current events. This is one of the main components of personal endurance, characteristic of stress-resistant people. Individuals with a high degree of internal control interpret stressful events as motivating them to take action and believe that they have the strength to overcome them. As has already been said, happy people are not upset greater success a substitute experimental partner in performing laboratory tasks. This happens because they view failure as an incentive for further self-improvement. Higgins et al (1997) found that people who had previously had uncontrollable health problems were more likely to expect their recurrence than other problems. Whereas individuals whose health problems were controllable were less likely to expect them to return.

Another view positive thinking You could call it humor, or more precisely, a not-too-serious outlook on life. This means the ability to see the comic, not serious, side of things, their other facet, which devalues ​​their importance and thus reduces the severity of the subjective perception of unpleasant incidents.

Definition of basic concepts

The phenomenon of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life determines many aspects of a subject’s life, his actions, different kinds his activities and such aspects of behavior as: everyday life, economic and political behavior. These experiences are often significant factors in the condition public consciousness, relations in society, as well as group moods and expectations. Without taking them into account, it is almost impossible to build a scientifically based social policy, social management and planning.

The degree of satisfaction with life has a great influence on such aspects of life as the mental state, mood and psychological stability of the individual. The significance of this important phenomenon is quite well understood in science. However, in many scientific publications the phenomenon of life satisfaction is interpreted as a fairly simple phenomenon, which is some assessment that a person uses to characterize his current life. life situation. Without questioning the possibility of obtaining such an assessment from a respondent in situations of psychological or social testing, it is important to note that behind it lies a wide range of different experiences of the subjective sense of well-being of an individual. However, various aspects subjective well-being and the internal picture of this experience have rarely been the subject of specific psychological research.

A discussion of the reasons for this state of the problem deserves separate consideration. It is only worth mentioning that attempts to describe the main manifestations of the subjective world of the individual mathematical methods led to the fact that such descriptions had neither psychological nor mathematical content, which seriously affected the results.

To denote the characteristics of the state of a person’s subjective world in the aspect of its favorability, terms such as the experience (feeling) of happiness, life satisfaction, emotional comfort, and well-being are used.

In philosophical and psychological literature, the concept of “happiness” is often a phenomenon that largely belongs to the existential aspect of a person’s existence, perception and understanding of the world as a whole and human nature. This very concept contains a huge number of contradictions. Experiences of happiness often have significant cultural and ethnic backgrounds. For example, through sociological surveys, it was found that most often people who feel happy can be found in India and least often in Sweden. Therefore, it can be assumed that the level and quality of life have only a very small influence on the subjective experience of happiness.

“Satisfaction (and contentment)” is a term with a fairly broad meaning and is very common. Consequently, because of this, this term has a scope of definition with blurred boundaries. There are also publications about satisfaction with life in general. and about satisfaction with relationships with a specific person. It is believed that satisfaction can also be experienced from events of very different scales. This creates a situation where the use of one word denotes both the experience of a significant event, such as the successful completion of a book that took several years to write, and the feeling after a good dinner.

An important psychological feature of the term “life satisfaction” is the lack of clear definition in the subject of assessment, namely, what exactly satisfies or does not satisfy the respondent. The subject of assessment is very often hidden from the observer. Thus, there is a strong dependence on what exactly the respondent takes into account when assessing satisfaction. This can be both external circumstances of life, and an assessment of one’s actions, decisions and actions, as well as one’s own success.

Despite this ambiguity, it is not possible to abandon this term or completely replace it with another, since it occupies a strong place both in the consciousness of an individual and society as a whole, as well as the scientific community.

Another term that you can come across when studying scientific literature is the phrase “emotional comfort.” In most dictionaries, the concept of comfort has a fairly definite interpretation - “convenience, convenient conditions.” Therefore, when using it to characterize the emotional life of an individual, one has to use its figurative meaning. For a scientific term, such a quality should be assessed as a disadvantage. Typically, concepts that do not have a clear interpretation and are based on metaphors make it difficult to create and develop theories that include them. For these reasons, among those discussed, the concept of well-being may be considered more promising.

The concept of well-being has a fairly clear meaning, and its interpretations are largely similar or coincide in different scientific disciplines. The phenomenon of well-being and the feeling of well-being are very significant for everything inner world personality. That is why the concept of well-being is taken by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the main ones for defining health. According to WHO experts, well-being in to the greatest extent dependent on self-esteem and a sense of social belonging than on the biological functions of the body.

There are also some objective indicators of well-being. The idea of ​​one’s own well-being, as well as the well-being of other people and the assessment of general well-being is based on accepted objective criteria of well-being, material wealth, success, health indicators, etc. They have one or another influence on the experience of well-being. But it is worth mentioning once again that this experience largely depends on the characteristics of the individual’s attitude towards himself and the world around him. All external factors well-being, by the very nature of the psyche, cannot influence the experience of well-being directly, but only through subjective perception and subjective assessment.

In other words, the well-being of an individual, by its very nature, is primarily a subjective phenomenon. This means that objective external indicators of a person’s quality of life are not enough for precise definition and the internal processes of the respondent should always be taken into account. Because, for a psychologist, the subjective side of the existence of a person, as a subject of research, is of paramount importance.

It should also be noted that despite the significant role of subjective factors in the well-being of an individual, it is impossible to completely equate the concepts of well-being and subjective well-being, since behind them there are different, albeit close, phenomena.

The experience of well-being is influenced by various aspects of a person’s existence; it correlates many features of a person’s self-attitude, as well as his attitude to the world around him. It is generally accepted that the well-being of an individual consists of a number of components. Such as, for example, social, spiritual, material and psychological well-being.

Social well-being is a term that denotes an individual's satisfaction with his social status and the current state of the society in which he finds himself.

Spiritual well-being is considered to be a feeling of involvement in the spiritual culture of society, awareness of one’s ability to join various aspects of spiritual culture. And also, awareness and experience of the meaning of your life, the presence of faith in God or in yourself, or anything else.

Physical well-being is good physical health, excellent health, a sense of bodily comfort, a subjective feeling of health, as well as a satisfying physical tone.

Material well-being is considered subjective satisfaction with the material side of one’s existence in such aspects as housing, food, rest, etc. As well as a feeling of completeness of one’s security and stability of material wealth.

Psychological well-being refers to coherence mental processes and functions, a sense of internal balance, a sense of integrity.

All of the listed components of well-being are closely interconnected and have a direct impact on each other.

In subjective well-being, both in general and in its components, it would be advisable to distinguish two main components. These components are: cognitive. as ideas about individual aspects of one’s being, and emotional, as the dominant emotional tone of relations towards these aspects.

Subjective well-being specific person a three-dimensional sensation that consists of private assessments of various aspects of life. Then, the assessments of individual parameters merge into a complex feeling of subjective well-being. These aspects of life are the subject of study in various scientific disciplines. Thus, well-being appears to be an interesting subject of study and actual problem for psychology.

Determine the significance of the analyzed phenomenon for the object specific science, without a doubt, is important, but even more valuable is the disclosure of the totality of its connections with other phenomena, in our case, with the structures and processes occurring in the individual. For personality psychology and psychology as a science in general, it is especially important that the subjective experience of well-being is one of the most important components of the prevailing mood of the individual. It is through mood that subjective well-being, as an integrative, particularly meaningful experience, has a constant influence on various aspects mental state person and, therefore, on the success of behavior, efficiency interpersonal interaction, productivity and many other aspects of an individual’s external and internal activity. Personality is a mechanism for integrating all the mental activity of an individual. This constant influence is the regulatory role of the subjective feeling of well-being of the individual.

The psychological well-being of an individual has a rather complex, multicomponent structure. In it, as in other components of the psyche, it is advisable to distinguish cognitive and emotional components.

The cognitive component of well-being arises with a holistic, relatively consistent picture of the world in the subject.

The emotional component of well-being is presented as an experience that unites feelings that are determined by the successful functioning of all parts of the personality.

We can say that well-being depends on the presence of conscious goals, the availability of conditions and resources for achieving goals, the successful implementation of plans, activities and behavior.

Well-being is influenced by satisfying interpersonal relationships, opportunities to satisfy the need for emotional warmth, communication and receiving positive emotions from this.

Thus, subjective well-being should be interpreted as a generalized and relatively constant experience that is of great significance to the individual. It is an important component of the prevailing mental state. For these reasons, we singled out the concept of subjective well-being among those close to it in meaning and took it in this work as one of the main aspects.

“If you know how to rejoice, rejoice, but if you don’t know how to rejoice, sit still”
V. Shukshin, “Red Kalina”

The keynote speech by the founder and director of Here and Now opened the conference on this topic, while simultaneously summing up the creation and development of the organization, the Psychological Center Here and Now, over 15 years.

Our conference opens the year of celebrating the anniversary of our organization - the 15th anniversary. Actually, focusing on this date, we chose the theme for this year. I wanted to take stock and determine for ourselves whether we are satisfied with these years. And the question arose - how to measure “life satisfaction”?

Many researchers - philosophers, sociologists, psychologists - have puzzled over this question. We will try to answer it from the point of view practical psychology and psychotherapy.

There is an index of life satisfaction - scientists calculate it based on surveys and the economic standard of living in the country using a formula. The Life Satisfaction Index was created by Adrian White, a social psychologist at the University of Leicester. The index shows how satisfied people are with life in different countries. And what do you think about the people in our country? Many African countries are more satisfied with life than us...

Let's turn to theory. Many researchers have studied this topic and seen it as central in describing the structure of human personality.

Freud's pleasure principle underlay his concept of personality. The pleasure principle describes the desire of the psyche to reduce tension to a minimum level. In the seminar “Object Relations,” Jacques Lacan compares pleasure with envy, no matter how opposite they may seem: “...pleasure is not associated with idleness, but precisely with envy or the erection of desire.”

Melania Klein, on the contrary, considered jealousy, envy and greed to be barriers to the feeling of pleasure.

The ability to experience full pleasure from the first relationship with the breast forms the basis for the experience of pleasure from all other sources. If the undisturbed pleasure of feeding is experienced frequently, then a fairly strong introjection of the good breast occurs. Complete satisfaction from the breast means that the infant feels that he has received from his object an exceptional gift which he wishes to preserve. This is the basis of gratitude. Gratitude is closely related to belief in goodness. This involves, first of all, the ability to accept and assimilate the beloved primary object (not just as a source of food) without much interference from greed or envy, since greedy internalization disrupts the relationship with the object.

Without a doubt, frustrations and unhappy circumstances that arise throughout life awaken envy and hatred in every person, but the strength of these emotions and the methods of coping with them vary significantly. This is one of the many reasons why different people The ability to receive pleasure, associated with a feeling of gratitude for the benefit received, also differs significantly.

Let's turn to experimental psychology. A lot of research, a lot of proven tests. Various conclusions - what determines life satisfaction. But the main conclusion is approximately the same. “The level of life satisfaction depends on a number of life satisfaction factors, but does not boil down to their total sum,” say Roman Grigoriev and Tatyana Mordasova, researchers on this topic.

From their point of view, positively correlating factors include:

• presence of significant social contacts;
• grade social status as satisfactory;
• assessment of health itself as good;
• state of need significant people;
• assessment of the financial situation as satisfactory;
• the opportunity to be creative;
• satisfaction with the process professional activity;
• vision of one's own prospects;
• availability of free time for leisure activities;
• autonomy as the ability to act in accordance with one's beliefs;
• personal growth as an opportunity to progress in all areas of life;
• marriage.

Negatively correlating factors include:

• state of poverty and lack of material goods for existence;
• assessment of health as poor and deteriorating;
• depression; phobic personality disorders;
• low self-esteem; high anxiety;
• low social activity and significance.

Factors that do not influence or factors with extremely low correlation with life satisfaction:

• age;
• education;
• ethnicity;
• citizenship and country of residence;
• religious affiliation;
• momentary emotions;
• intelligence quotient;
• actual wage;
• profession and position.

Here's a very recent experiment:

To get a recipe for finding happiness, psychologists invited 577 participants to an experiment.

After a week, the researchers called the 577 people back for a follow-up survey.

And already this stage of the experiment demonstrated that over the past seven days the level of “happiness” of all volunteers has increased noticeably.

Moreover, all this is only due to the daily use of bright personality traits.

Finally, the third stage of the survey took place four weeks later. She showed that the consequences of using one's own strengths or gifts can be long-lasting. Scientists made this conclusion because all participants in the study still continued to feel at their best. high level happiness indicators than it was before they took the survey.

Previously, British researchers realized that owning a certain free amount of money that can be spent without a twinge of conscience injects additional endorphins into the blood. But owning a car or an apartment has no tangible impact on the feeling of happiness.

That. Life satisfaction is a subjective factor. Life satisfaction is largely an indicator of mental health. You and I know that people who have various benefits are often depressed, and those who have nothing often live in joy. Our pleasure and satisfaction do not depend on the presence or absence of well-being and opportunities (although we must separate these concepts). And it depends on whether we satisfy our own needs, whether we live “our own” life.

This is why it is more difficult to feel happy than unhappy. Because the responsibility for self-realization is not easy. Happiness also means taking personal responsibility for your life.

Whether we live our lives depends on our childhood history. Because life satisfaction obviously depends on the ability to withstand and live through failures, mistakes, and difficult moments in your life. From the severity of your SuperEgo, respectively, from the criticality of the Parental figure in childhood... With a very tough SuperEgo, it is impossible to make mistakes and therefore it is intolerable to be guilty. What does our unconscious come up with? Such protection as projective identification.

Let's talk about this in more detail. The Kleinian school of psychoanalysis discovered and developed the concept of projective identification - a split-off part of consciousness projected onto other objects.

The infant projects the cause of his discomfort (for example, abdominal pain) externally. The mother becomes a bad object - because she is the cause of his pain. But the mechanism that is good for an infant becomes pathological in adulthood, when a person is able to take responsibility for his feelings and experiences.

With projective identification, life dissatisfaction is guaranteed. A person becomes a victim and attacks a “bad object” - the state, parents, school, boss, competitor... But they cannot be changed. This means that the cause of dissatisfaction cannot be changed. And then life turns into persecution and “bombing” of Putin, the country, the neighbor... And the result is the same. Until you return this cause, projected onto another object, to yourself, you cannot do anything with it.

A classic of projective identification: placing one’s part in another, the fear of absorption and capture appears. Projective identification depletes the personality because part of one’s own experience and feelings are thrown away. People cannot live their own lives.

Let's talk a little about the role of a psychologist and psychotherapist in improving and increasing life satisfaction.

Enough good mother takes on, contains within itself the projection of this difficult experience - the pain, anxiety of the child, which are transmitted to her from him. Klein's follower, Wilfred Bion, called this ability of the mother the function of a “container”. Bion said this about a mother who really feels the anxiety and fear of her child when he cries. Sometimes the mother can tolerate the anxiety that arises in the child, and sometimes she herself panics. The same thing happens with the analyst, Bion argued. They turn to an analyst or psychotherapist, among other things, so that he, as it were, performs the functions of a mother in relation to the newborn.

The therapist is “filled” with this part of the client, given away, projected onto another object, and gradually returns it to the client. In such a form and at such a speed that it can be appropriated and accepted by the client. How a good mother tells her child why he hit the toy - it is not the toy that is bad or evil, but he, the child, is angry with it. And then you have the opportunity to control your state, because it’s not about the object, but about your reaction.

For example, a client skips psychotherapy by projecting a needy part of himself onto the therapist. The therapist must wait for him, the client. He himself does not want to be waiting = needy... The therapist suffers when he waits for the client and understands how his client feels through this. And then returns it to him... Projective identification and when the group invests its feelings in the leader, for example, guilt or rage.

By accepting his feelings, his traits, the client softens the SuperEgo, accepts his limitations and forgives his own, and therefore others’, mistakes. And you no longer have to chase an exorbitant salary, but be happy to receive and spend yours. There is no need to envy the teacher, but enjoy your growth and place...

I tried to do exactly the same thing today regarding our organization - the Psychological Center “Here and Now”. Are we satisfied with our 15 years of work? I started simply with the facts.

• 2575 certificates were issued to psychologists;
• 38 intensive courses were held in different cities and 7 countries;
• 15 children's camps have been completed;
• 18 conferences were held;
• 37 employees and specialists worked for the benefit of the organization and clients;
• 10 issues of the magazine “My Psychologist” and 3 issues of the almanac “Here and Now” were published;
• 5 books published;
• thousands of “thank yous” received;
• a ton of tissues, pencils, paints, markers, sheets of paper were used;
• hundreds of thousands of cups of tea with cookies were drunk (some cups even survived to this day, and several dozen teaspoons were taken out as souvenirs);
• 4,357 clients were happy.

We can talk about the contribution of our organization to the development of psychological culture in Russia. To paraphrase Bion's words, we “do such difficult work well.” We have been translating human pain into words for 15 years.

On this day I would like to express my gratitude to all the employees who were and are now working at Here and Now, clients, and partners. And to our parents - real and psychological, that is, our teachers.

Bibliography:

R. Grigoriev, T. Mordasova " Psychological characteristics life satisfaction”;
Freud "Beyond the Pleasure Principle";
M. Klein “Envy and Gratitude.”

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SATISFACTION

R. M. Rakhimgaraeva

The article examines the problem of student youth's satisfaction with life. The psychological factors causing different levels life satisfaction, which were obtained by empirical research.

Key words: value, happiness, life satisfaction, psychological factors of life satisfaction.

The article shows the problems of youth students’ life satisfaction. The psychological factors, which were obtained by empirical research, are shown.

Key words: value, happiness, life satisfaction, psychological factors of life

Satisfaction or dissatisfaction with life determines many of the subject’s actions, different types his activities and behavior: everyday, economic, political. These experiences act as a significant factor not only in the state of individual consciousness, but in total, in the state of social consciousness, group moods, expectations, and relationships in society.

A person’s constant, complete and justified satisfaction with his life, its conditions, fullness, and the development of human potential achieved in it appears in the modern understanding as the ideal of happiness.

Happiness is essentially an interdisciplinary phenomenon. From a historical and scientific perspective, psychology developed in the context philosophical knowledge, where the problems of happiness are reflected in the confrontation between two main ethical and psychological concepts of happiness - hedonism

and eudaimonism. In the first concept, pleasure is considered as “the highest goal and the main stimulus of human behavior,” and the second recognizes “the desire for happiness as a criterion of morality and the basis of human behavior.” Individually and psychologically, happiness appears as the experience of satisfaction with life, the fullness of being.

Various studies have examined the components of happiness and life satisfaction. For example, in the work of L. V. Kulikov, the main components of subjective well-being are highlighted: physical (bodily); material; psychological (mental comfort); spiritual.

M. Argyll, analyzing various studies of happiness, identifies social relationships (love, marriage, friendship), work and leisure, religiosity, etc. as significant sources of happiness.

In our work we tried to identify objective-subjective

factors of life satisfaction. To study life satisfaction, we relied on the optimization theory of R. Kh. Shakurov, which emphasizes that in the most generalized, global form, the meaning of everyone’s life is happiness. At the psychological level, this general, general need manifests itself in four forms - aspirations: 1) to save resources, to satisfy needs with the least waste of time, energy and money; 2) to dynamize your life, craving for a variety of impressions, movements, activities; 3) to a value ascent, to satisfy one’s needs at an ever higher level; 4) to consolidate, stabilize life.

These aspirations can manifest themselves in different areas of life (professional, education, love, family, friends, hobbies) and in relation to different values ​​(social contacts, financial situation, self-development, recognition of others, health).

The purpose of this article is to show the psychological factors that determine different levels of life satisfaction among students in their professional development, obtained through empirical research.

840 students were studied, of which: 559 full-time students and 281 part-time students of the Kazan State Technological University, Kazan State Technical University named after. A. N. Tupolev, Tatar-

Russian State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, including 524 girls and 316 boys aged 17 to 35 years.

To study life satisfaction, we used the “Diagnosis Test of Life Satisfaction” by A. B. Belousova (TDUS), which is built on the basis of the concept discussed above by R. Kh. Shakurov.

Statistical analysis was carried out using the software package<^ТАТКТ1СА». Каждая из исследуемых групп - студенты очного и заочного отделений были разделены методом кластерного анализа на пять подгрупп по уровням удовлетворенности жизнью. Методом факторного анализа, в каждой из выделенных подгрупп были выявлены скрытые от непосредственного наблюдения факторы. Всем факторам, полученным на выборке студентов очного отделения, мы присвоили букву «О» (очное отделение), а факторам, полученным на выборке студентов заочного отделения, присвоили букву «З» (заочное отделение) (таб.1).

Thus, for full-time students, satisfaction at a very high level is associated with a sense of social relevance. Students in this subgroup have a general optimistic attitude in life; they strive for achievements in the social sphere associated with numerous communicative contacts (for example, participation in student activities); achieve educational success, expending efforts adequate to their capabilities, without great energy, psychological

High level Very high level Level

Table 1

Life satisfaction factors

L r 1st Full-time department Correspondence department

Factor name Generalized factor Factor name Generalized factor

r about 12 sv © O-1.1. - “social achievements” factor weight - 2.26; fact. load - 4.12% Feeling of social demand cumulative weight - 5.60; cumulative fact. load - 35.04% Z-1.1. - “striving for joy” factor weight - 2.97; fact. load - 19.79% Striving for self-realization cumulative weight 7.27; cumulative fact. load - 48.44%

Factor 2 O-1.2. - “economic factor” factor weight - 1.74; fact. load - 10.89% Z-1.2. - “self-realization in close relationships” factor weight - 2.36; fact. load - 15.75%

G o r o otka Fa O-1.3. - “striving for self-realization” factor weight - 1.60; fact. load - 10.03% 3-1.3. - “striving for independence, independence” factor weight - 1.93; fact. load - 12.89%

r o otka Fa O-2.1. - “professional prospects” factor weight - 2.08; fact. load - 13.01% Professional competence cumulative weight 5.25; cumulative fact. load - 32.79% 3-2.1. - “striving for impressions” factor weight - 2.62; fact. load - 17.47% Striving to acquire status (social achievements) cumulative weight 6.31; cumulative fact. load - 42.07%

2 r about refusal Fa O-2.2. - “stability of close relationships” factor weight - 1.64; fact. load - 10.23% 3-2.2. - “intellectual compensation” factor weight - 1.97; fact. load - 13.16%

Factor 3 O-2.3. - “diversity of social relations” factor weight - 1.53; fact. load - 9.54% 3-2.3. - “social nihilism” factor weight - 1.72; fact. load - 11.45%

Low level Medium level Level

Continuation of the table. 1

L r 1st Factor name Generalized factor Factor name Generalized factor

r about 12 sv © O-3.1. - “protection by type of care” factor weight - 2.02; fact. workload - 12.65% Sense of socio-economic stability cumulative weight 5.15; cumulative fact. load - 32.19% 3-3.1. - “passive life position” factor weight - 2.32; fact. load - 15.49% Avoidance of responsibility cumulative weight 5.74; cumulative fact. load - 38.23%

(Ch r about 12 se © O-3.2. - “conflict of needs and opportunities” factor weight - 1.56; actual load - 9.78% 3-3.2. - “professional compensation” factor weight - 1.80; fact load - 11.98%

s o r o 12 s © O-3.3. - “confidence in parental support” factor weight - 1.56; fact. load - 9.76% 3-3.3. - “striving for social stability” factor weight - 1.61; fact. load - 10.77%

p o 12 se © O-4.1. - “striving for self-realization” factor weight - 2.74; fact. load - 17.14% Social immaturity cumulative weight 6.04; cumulative fact. load - 37.79%. 3-4.1. - “conflict of needs” factor weight - 2.40; fact. load - 16.00% Conflict of life values ​​cumulative weight 6.43; cumulative fact. load - 42.90%

SCh r about 12 se © O-4.2. - “infantilism” factor weight - 1.81; fact. load - 11.32% 3-4.2. - “desire for belonging, acceptance” factor weight - 2.09; fact. load - 13.94%

s o r o 12 s © O-4.3. - “social compensation” factor weight - 1.49; fact. load - 9.33% 3-4.3. - “dominant physiological needs” factor weight - 1.94; fact. load - 12.96%

Factor name

Generalized factor

Continuation of the table. 1

Factor name

Generalized

O-5.1. - “compensation through the physical sphere” (healthy lifestyle) factor weight

O-5.2. - “need for acceptance, love”

factor weight

O-5.3. - “social rejection”

factor weight

Social

unclaimed

vanity

cumulative weight 7.22; cumulative fact. load - 45.10%

Z-5.1. - “the need for completeness, richness of life”

Feeling rejected

cumulative weight 7.14; cumulative fact. load

Z-5.2. - “sublimation” factor weight - 1.91; fact. load - 12.72%

3-5.3. - "deep pessimism"

logical and intellectual costs (for example, doing homework regularly, but superficially, “for show” and receiving tests and exams “automatically” in most subjects); actively participate in various student events, realizing their abilities and creative potential. To achieve social success, students of this subgroup may sacrifice deep friendships and intimate relationships, because these relationships require a lot of psychological and time investment.

In the same group, high-level satisfaction is associated with a sense of professional competence. Students of this subgroup

take their studies seriously, the knowledge they gain is professional knowledge and a contribution to future professional competence; their satisfaction with life is based on a feeling of confidence that they are in control, that they have control over their life, and that they have friendly support. They strive to become less financially dependent on their parents, often combine study with work, choosing mainly professional activities of a socio-nomic type.

The average level of satisfaction is based on a sense of socio-economic stability. These students choose in life what is familiar, defined,

does not imply ambiguity or novelty, and can be dealt with quite easily by resorting to familiar forms of behavior and emotional reactions. They take care of their health, first of all, to be confident enough in it so that it does not fail. In addition, they are characterized by internal conflict associated with love relationships, when desires exceed capabilities (for example, a partner is chosen with whom there is obviously psychological incompatibility). These students can be noted to be more dependent on their parents, since for them the parental family is the guarantor of stability in life.

The low level of life satisfaction in the group of full-time students is caused by social immaturity. These students would like to realize themselves in socially approved and assessed activities, although they do this not very persistently, actively and, from their point of view, not very successfully. They are dependent on their parents both financially, psychologically, and emotionally, they are dissatisfied with this, but they make almost no effort to become more independent. They are quite lenient with themselves, allowing themselves to rest, preferring to spend their free time communicating with friends.

The very low level of life satisfaction in this same group of students is associated with a feeling of social lack of demand. Students of this subgroup, in contrast to students of the subgroup with a very high level of

lack of satisfaction is characterized by a general pessimistic outlook on life. They probably try themselves in some sports or engage in physical education and try to lead a healthy lifestyle in order to be socially successful in at least something. They are characterized by non-acceptance of themselves, criticality and self-criticism as a repressed need for love. But this need is not satisfied, since it is difficult for them to build both formal and informal relationships.

Analysis of life satisfaction factors in the group of correspondence students showed that the psychological factor of life satisfaction in the subgroup with a very high level result is the desire for self-realization. For students in this subgroup, their own lives seem successful. They are optimistic, cheerful, and consider themselves lucky, because, in their opinion, they often receive some benefits as if by themselves, without making any effort. In many ways, their lives are connected with loved ones, whose problems become their problems; often such students are the “life of the party”; they are empathic, friendly, and attentive. At the same time, they want more independence, they are confident in their physical capabilities, in their ability to take responsibility and make decisions.

The high level of life satisfaction in this group is determined by the desire to acquire status, social

achievements. Subjects are socially active, their lives are varied, events take place in it, their days are filled with impressions, trips, and meetings. In addition, students of this subgroup devote a significant place to their studies, treating it quite seriously and responsibly, even despite the fact that their health may sometimes fail them. Studying is not yet considered by them as the foundation of future professional activity, but rather serves, most likely, as an opportunity to be noticed and stand out from the general background.

The study showed that the average level is characterized by avoidance of responsibility. Subjects of this subgroup prefer to “go with the flow” without putting in their own efforts. Life satisfaction is supported by professional compensation: these subjects try to be “a little better” or at least “no worse than others” in their studies and professional activities. Such students view their studies as an opportunity to acquire the knowledge necessary for their profession. In addition, studying for them is a kind of guarantee of social stability.

The low level of satisfaction in this group of students is due to the presence of a conflict in life values. Students in this subgroup have an expressed desire to achieve a lot in life, but have no idea of ​​the methods of action and experience of achieving goals. They try to compensate for the feeling of general failure with a sense of belonging to a reference group. Focused

Focus on the state of health, which is rated low, is perhaps, on the one hand, an attempt to find a compelling justification for one’s failure, and on the other hand, a consequence, the result of a feeling of dissatisfaction.

The main psychological factor behind very low levels of life satisfaction is the feeling of rejection. Students of this subgroup are characterized by an internal conflict between the need for completeness and saturation of life and sublimation, on the one hand, as well as deep pessimism, on the other hand. Pessimism, lack of faith in oneself, primarily in one’s own strengths, in one’s potential, as well as in the support of loved ones, lead to frustration of the need for fullness and richness in life. And sublimation in this case does not cope with the function of protection, since the result of the activity is considered as unsuccessful. Apparently, this conflict leads to the fact that subjects are not satisfied with various aspects of life and life in general. From the above the following conclusions follow:

1. It was established that in the group of full-time students:

Very high and very low levels of life satisfaction are determined by one bipolar factor “a feeling of social demand - a feeling of social lack of demand”;

Subgroups with high and low levels of life satisfaction are also similar in that representatives of the first (high level) can be called socially and emotionally

mature, for whom professional competence is important as the main “capital” in future adult life, and representatives of the second (low level) are characterized by social immaturity;

The average level of life satisfaction is determined by a sense of socio-economic stability, when the familiar and certain, that is, what already exists, is more important for a person than something new, even better.

2. It was determined that in the group of correspondence students there is a greater spread of results. This is due to the fact that this group is more heterogeneous in terms of qualitative characteristics (only the age of part-time students varies from 17 to 35 years) than the group of full-time students:

A very high level of life satisfaction is determined by the desire for self-realization and a feeling of ease of life. A very low level is associated with a feeling of rejection and failure;

A high level of life satisfaction is based on the desire to acquire social status, on the desire to be noticed and noted; low level is determined by the conflict of life

values;

The average level is characterized by a life strategy of avoidance, passive acceptance of the existing, allowing subjects to balance on the brink of satisfaction

Dissatisfaction.

3. The identified factors in the group of full-time students are more associated with society, with the representation of one’s own “I” externally, i.e., factors of an extroverted orientation, and the factors in the group of part-time students are more associated with internal phenomena, with tendencies to change the “I”, i.e. factors of introverted orientation.

Literature:

1. Argyll M. Psychology of happiness: Trans. from English / General ed. M. V. Clarina. - M.: Progress, 1990. - 336 p.

2. Atheistic dictionary / Abdusa-medovA. I., Aleynik R. M., Alieva B. A.; Under general ed. M. P. Novikova. - M.: Politizdat, 1985. - 512 p.

3. Kulikov L.V. Determinants of life satisfaction. Shr://sop8i11 ri. gi/sop1ep1Me"/101/55/.

4. Dictionary of foreign words. - 18th ed., erased. - M.: Rus. lang., 1989. - 624 p.

5. Shakurov R. Kh. Emotion. Personality. Activity. (Mechanisms of psychodynamics). - Kazan: Center for Innovative Technologies, 2001. - 180 p.