Everyone knows that man and his economic activities negatively affect the natural environment. And the load on it increases from year to year. This fully applies to water resources. And although 1/3 of the earth's surface is occupied by water, it is impossible to avoid its pollution. Our country is no exception, and close attention is paid to the protection of water resources. But it is not yet possible to solve this problem fully.

Coastal areas subject to protection

A water protection zone is a zone that includes the territory around any water bodies. Here are created special conditions for Within its boundaries there is a protective coastal strip with a more strict protection regime, with additional restrictions on environmental management.

The purpose of such measures is to prevent pollution and clogging of water resources. In addition, the lake may silt up and the river may become shallow. The aquatic environment is a habitat for many living organisms, including rare and endangered ones listed in the Red Book. Therefore, security measures are necessary.

The water protection zone and the coastal protective strip are located between the coastline, which is the boundary of the water body. It is calculated as follows:

• for the sea - according to the water level, and if it changes, then according to the low tide level,
• for a pond or reservoir - according to the retaining water level,
• for streams - according to the water level during the period when they are not covered with ice,
• for swamps - from their beginning along the border of peat deposits.

Special regime at the border water protection zones regulated by Art. 65 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation.

Design

The basis for the design are regulatory documents that are approved by the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia and are consistent with those authorities that are responsible for

Design clients - territorial bodies from the Ministry of Water Resources of the Russian Federation. And in the case of reservoirs given for individual use - water users. They must maintain the coastal area protective strip V in good condition. As a rule, tree and shrub vegetation should grow at the border.

Projects undergo verification and environmental assessment, and are approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Special signs indicate where the border of the coastal protective strip ends. Before the project comes into force, its dimensions and the dimensions of water protection zones are plotted on the plan diagram for the development of settlements, land use plans, and cartographic materials. The established borders and regime in these territories must be brought to the attention of the population.

Dimensions of the protective coastal strip

The width of the protective coastal strip depends on the steepness of the slope of the river or lake basin and is:

• 30 m for zero slope,
• 40 m for slope up to 3 degrees,
• 50 m for a slope of 3 degrees or more.

For swamps and flowing lakes, the border is 50 m. For lakes and reservoirs where valuable fish species are found, it will be within a radius of 200 m from the coastline. In the territory of a settlement where there are storm sewer drains, its boundaries run along the parapet of the embankment. If there is none, then the border will pass along the coastline.

Prohibition on certain types of work

Since the zone of the coastal protective strip has a stricter protection regime, the list of works that should not be carried out here is quite large:

1. The use of manure waste to fertilize the land.
2. Disposal of agricultural and household waste, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds.
3. Use for discharging contaminated water and garbage.
4. Washing and repairing cars and other mechanisms, as well as their movement in this area.
5. Use for transport placement.
6. Construction and repair of buildings and structures without approval from authorities.
7. Grazing and summer housing of livestock.
8. Construction of garden and summer cottage plots, installation of tent camps.

As an exception, water protection and coastal protective strips are used to accommodate fishing and hunting farms, water supply facilities, hydraulic engineering facilities, etc. In this case, a water use license is issued, which stipulates the requirements for compliance with the rules of the water protection regime. Those persons who carry out illegal actions in these territories are responsible for their actions within the framework of the law.

Construction in a water protection zone

The protective coastal strip is not a place for development, but for the water protection zone there are exceptions to the rules. Real estate objects are still “growing” along the banks, and in geometric progression. But how do developers comply with legal requirements? And the law says that “the placement and construction of residential buildings or summer cottages with a water protection area width of less than 100 m and a slope steepness of more than 3 degrees is strictly prohibited.”

It is clear that the developer must first consult the territorial department of the Water Management Department about the possibility of construction and the boundaries of the placement of the protective coastal strip. A response from this department is necessary to obtain a construction permit.

How to avoid sewage pollution?

If the building has already been erected and is not equipped with special filtration systems, then the use of receivers made of waterproof materials is permitted. They do not allow contamination environment.

Facilities that support the protection of clean water sources are:

• Sewerage and centralized stormwater drainage channels.
• Structures into which contaminated water is discharged (to specially equipped ones. This can be rain and melt water.
• Local (local) treatment facilities built in accordance with the standards of the Water Code.

Places for collecting consumer and industrial waste, systems for discharging wastewater into receivers are made of special durable materials. If residential buildings or any other buildings are not provided with these structures, the protective coastal strip will suffer. In this case, fines will be imposed on the company.

Penalties for violation of the water protection regime

Fines for improper use of protected areas:

• for citizens - from 3 to 4.5 thousand rubles;
• for officials - from 8 to 12 thousand rubles;
• for organizations - from 200 to 400 thousand rubles.

If violations are found in the private housing development sector, then the fine is issued to the citizen, and his costs will be small. If a violation is detected, it must be eliminated within the allotted time frame. If this does not happen, then the building is demolished, including forcibly.

For violations in the protective zone where drinking sources are located, the fine will be different:

• citizens will contribute 3-5 thousand rubles;
• officials - 10-15 thousand rubles;
• enterprises and organizations - 300-500 thousand rubles.

Scale of the problem

The coastal protective strip of a water body must be operated within the framework of the law.

After all, one polluted lake or reservoir can become a serious problem for an area or region, since everything in nature is interconnected. The larger the body of water, the more complex its ecosystem. If the natural balance is disturbed, it can no longer be restored. The extinction of living organisms will begin, and it will be too late to change or do anything. Serious disturbances to the environment of water bodies can be avoided with a competent approach, compliance with the law, and careful attention to the natural environment.

And if we talk about the scale of the problem, then this is not a question of all humanity, but a reasonable attitude towards the nature of each individual person. If a person treats with understanding the riches that planet Earth has given him, then future generations will be able to see clean, transparent rivers. Scoop up water with your palm and... try to quench your thirst with water that is impossible to drink.

COASTAL PROTECTIVE BAND - a coastal territory of a specified width from the water's edge of a water body, which is part of the water protection zone.[...]

In coastal protective strips of water protection zones, it is allowed to locate recreational facilities, water supply facilities, fishing and hunting facilities, as well as water intake, port and hydraulic structures, subject to a water use license.[...]

Within the coastal protective strips, in addition to the restrictions established for water protection zones, the following are prohibited: plowing of land; application of fertilizers; storage of dumps of eroded soils; grazing and organization summer camps livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places), arrangement of baths; installation of seasonal stationary tent camps, placement of summer cottages and garden plots and allocation of plots for individual construction; movement of automobiles and tractors, other than automobiles special meaning.[ ...]

In forests of water protection zones and coastal protective strips, final felling is prohibited. It is permitted to carry out intermediate cuttings and other forestry activities that ensure the protection of water bodies.[...]

Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are distinguished, which are directly adjacent to water bodies. Within their limits, in addition to the restrictions in force in water protection zones, it is prohibited to plow land, use fertilizers, store dumps of eroded soils, install seasonal tent camps, place summer cottages and garden plots, allocate plots for individual construction, lay out driveways and roads, and vehicle traffic. , tractors and mechanisms.[...]

Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, in the territories of which additional restrictions on environmental management are introduced.[...]

Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established where excavation of land, cutting and uprooting of forests, placement of livestock farms and camps, as well as other activities are prohibited. The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones, their coastal protective strips, as well as the regime for their use are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. In order to protect water bodies, it is also envisaged to establish other zones: sanitary protection, environmental emergency and environmental disaster on water bodies. The latter include those where, as a result of economic activity or natural processes, changes occur that threaten human health, flora and fauna, and the state of the natural environment.[...]

Territorial standards include sanitary protection zones of industrial facilities (individual enterprises or groups, industrial units), water protection zones (including coastal protective strips), sanitary protection zones for surface and underground water intakes, sanitary protection districts. [...]

It is as a result of the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips and a special regime for economic and other activities within their boundaries that the protection and restoration of surface water bodies and the improvement of their hydrological regime are ensured. [...]

Maintaining water protection zones, coastal protective strips and water protection signs in proper condition is the responsibility of water users. At the same time, land owners, landowners and land users on whose lands there are water protection zones and coastal protective strips are required to comply with the established regime for the use of these zones and strips. Thus, water protection zones and coastal protective strips can be considered rather as restrictions on land rights established in accordance with Art. 56 Land Code Russian Federation.[ ...]

Additionally, to protect water bodies, coastal protective strips are installed, which are part of water protection zones, the territory of which is directly adjacent to water bodies. They should be occupied by forest-shrub vegetation or tinned. The minimum width of strips is set depending on topographic conditions and types of land adjacent to the water body. For water bodies of the highest fishery category, coastal protective strips must be at least 100 m. [...]

The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones and their coastal protective strips, as well as the regime for their use, are established by the government of the Russian Federation.[...]

The regulations establish the minimum width of water protection zones and coastal protective strips for various water bodies: for rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes - from the average long-term water line to summer period; for reservoirs - from the water's edge at normal retaining level; for seas - from the maximum tide level; for swamps - from their border (zero depth of the peat deposit). The minimum width of water protection zones is established for river sections extending from their source: up to 10 km - 50 m, from 10 to 50 km - 100 m, from 50 to 100 km - 200 m, from 100 to 200 km - 300 m, from 200 to 500 km - 400 m, from 500 km and more - 500 m.[...]

A special legal regime is established for certain types of 3. c. f., which include water protection zones and coastal protective strips.[...]

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996 “On approval of the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips” // SZ RF, 1996, No. 49, art. 5567.[...]

Isolation of such 3. h. provides for a law on the use and protection of natural resources, environmental legislation. Protective ecological zones include water protection zones of water bodies with coastal protective strips allocated within their boundaries, protective zones (districts) created to protect natural complexes of specially protected natural areas from anthropogenic influences, protective areas to ensure the life cycles of animals.[...]

The standards and regime of water protection zones are determined by the Water Code of the Russian Federation (Article 111) and the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996. A water protection zone is the territory adjacent to the water areas of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and other surface water bodies, where a special regime of economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water bodies, as well as to preserve the habitat of animals and flora. The water protection zone is created as an integral part of environmental measures, as well as measures to improve the hydrological regime and technical condition, and improve water bodies and their coastal areas. Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, in the territories of which additional restrictions on environmental management are introduced.[...]

The task of executive authorities is to bring to the attention of interested organizations and citizens decisions (decisions) on the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal strips of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and their water protection regime. State control over compliance with the procedure for establishing the size and boundaries, as well as the regime of economic and other activities within water protection zones and coastal protective strips, is entrusted to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, basin and other territorial bodies for managing the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, specifically authorized government bodies in the field of environmental protection, state bodies for managing the use and protection of land and specially authorized forestry management bodies within the limits of their powers.[...]

Sometimes in the legal literature water protection zones are considered as OOGTR. However, from a formal point of view, this position does not seem entirely correct. Neither the Water Code nor the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips define water protection zones in general as specially protected natural areas. At the same time, the Water Code of the Russian Federation contains a provision according to which water protection zones of water bodies that are sources of drinking water supply or spawning grounds for valuable fish species are declared specially protected areas in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation (Part 6 of Article 111). As follows from the meaning of Art. 2 of the Law on Protected Natural Areas, subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to classify water protection zones as specially protected natural areas, which is already being done in some regions (for example, in the Amur region)”10 or the city of Moscow. The Land Code classifies areas occupied by water protection zones and coastal protective strips as environmental lands (see section 2.1).[...]

Lake Baikal has the status of an object World Heritage and is included in the UNESCO list. This object is one of the largest on the list and includes the water area of ​​the lake (with Olkhon Island and other islands) and its natural environment within the boundaries of the first catchment. The coastal protective strip of the lake includes little-changed mountain-taiga landscapes of the Barguzinsky, Primorsky, Khamar-Da-ban ridges, etc. and the Selenga delta. More remote, but ecologically significant areas of Lake Baikal are designated as various kinds of specially protected natural areas and objects.[...]

When developing the Concept of the System of Protected Natural Areas in Russia, its developers proceeded from a broad understanding of protected natural areas3. Protected natural areas (PNA) - natural areas allocated for the purpose of nature conservation, for which it is established special treatment environmental management and protection (specially protected natural areas, forests of various categories of protection, specially protected forest areas, water protection zones and coastal protective strips, zones of sanitary protection of drinking water supply sources, protective areas allocated for the protection of wildlife objects, natural landscapes within the boundaries of historical cultural sites -tour museums-reserves, reserved territories, lands of anti-erosion, pasture-protective and field-protective plantings, other lands that perform environmental functions and are classified as lands for environmental purposes, etc.). In this interpretation, specially protected natural areas are an element of more common system protected natural areas.[...]

In order to maintain water bodies in a condition that meets environmental requirements, ensure the protection and rational use of water resources when carrying out economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Water Code of the Russian Federation (dated November 16, 1995 No. 167-FZ) and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the approved Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal strips" dated November 23, 1996 No. 1404 provides for the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips. Practical work in this direction is carried out by the basin departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, which prepare Lists of water bodies in the region indicating their sizes. The lists are approved by order of the governor.[...]

To maintain water bodies in a condition that meets environmental requirements, eliminates pollution, clogging and depletion of surface water and preserves the habitat of animals and plants, water protection zones are organized. They are territories adjacent to the waters of rivers, reservoirs and other surface water bodies; they are subject to a special regime for the use and protection of natural resources, as well as the implementation of other activities. Within the specified zones, coastal protective strips are established, where it is not allowed to plow the land, cut down forests, place farms, etc.[...]

Particular attention should be paid to the special justification for the purpose of the water protection pond in Cheboksary, the creation of artificial watercourses and reservoirs as protected objects, settling ponds for wastewater, etc. Due to the fact that the natural waters of Cheboksary are characterized by high degree pollution, their rehabilitation is necessary. This is a complex of impacts on natural waters and other components of the ecosystem in order to restore the latter’s lost properties and qualities (Orlov, Chernogaeva, 1999). Inside the Cheboksary Water Protection Zone, a coastal protective strip with the most stringent regime should be allocated, although this measure will cause a negative attitude from the owners of summer cottages and garages located in the valleys of small rivers. This should not scare us, since it is the river valleys that provide the city with its ecological framework. Water protection in Cheboksary must be observed not only for open natural channels, but also for canals, watercourses in pipes, collectors, embankments, etc. Therefore, when arranging embankments, drainages and filters should be installed at their base to ensure a hydraulic connection of groundwater and surface waters. In addition, such a connection always arises when trying to fill up streams and ravines, channel diversion, etc. In this case, under-channel flows and other groundwater are formed, which should also be taken into account when arranging the water intake. It is obvious that it is inadmissible to discharge untreated storm and melt water into the city’s hydrographic network, from where it then flows into the Cheboksary reservoir.[...]

Mole alloy, despite its simplicity, has disadvantages. Significant losses of wood are associated with the release of logs onto the banks and especially with their sinking. Deciduous trees sink and get wet most quickly: birch, aspen, maple, etc. Mole alloy affects the natural state of rivers and causes great damage fisheries. Sunken wood and bark litter the riverbed, and when they decompose, oxygen is absorbed and harmful substances are released that poison the water. Floating logs often injure fish going to spawn, destroy spawning grounds and banks, which contributes to siltation of the riverbed. To facilitate the management of timber rafting, the coastal protective strip of bushes is usually cut down, which leads to intense erosion of the banks, contributes to siltation of riverbeds and water pollution by surface runoff. [...]

Administrative liability for water offences. Perhaps, during the administrative reform this part Russian legislation(except for the introduction of general environmental offenses) has undergone the greatest changes. The legislator decided not only to significantly expand the list of elements of water offenses, but also used the means of legal technology to the maximum extent when formulating the characteristics of the subject and the objective side, trying to specify them. Thus, the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses contains Part 1 of Art. 7.2 compositions for destruction or damage to observation regime wells for groundwater, observation regime sites on water bodies, water management or water protection information signs, signs defining the boundaries of coastal protective strips and water protection zones of a water body; in Art. 7.6 - elements of unauthorized occupation of a water body or part thereof and use of them without permission (license) or without an agreement or in violation of the terms of the permission (license), agreement; in Art. 7.7 - composition of damage to hydraulic, water management, water protection structures, devices or installations; in Art. 7.8 - composition of unauthorized occupation of a land plot of a coastal protective strip, water protection zone of a water body or zone (district) of sanitary protection of sources of drinking and domestic water supply; in Art. 7.10 - elements of unauthorized assignment of the right to use a water body and unauthorized exchange of a water body; in Art. 8.12 - elements of violation of the order of withdrawal land plots, the procedure for providing forests for use in water protection zones and coastal strips of water bodies, violation of the regime of their use; in Art.[...]

In 1999-2000 When checking the implementation of water legislation (in connection with pollution of the water area with insufficiently treated and contaminated wastewater), more than 5.6 thousand violations were identified, for the commission of which various types 2,360 persons were brought to legal liability as a result of 1,912 submissions made by prosecutors, and 42 illegal legal acts were protested. Prosecutor's inspections established that in the area of ​​the Ivankovo ​​reservoir - the main source of drinking water supply in Moscow, from which 6 million cubic meters are supplied per day. m of water for the capital, no more than 20% of treatment facilities actually operate, while more than 100 million cubic meters are received annually from the territories of enterprises and 27 settlements. m of wastewater, half of which is not treated to the standard level. Employees of the prosecutor's office achieved the repair of treatment facilities at 12 enterprises, the commissioning of treatment facilities with a capacity of 2000 cubic meters. m at the Zavidovskaya poultry farm, the removal of 14 objects from the banks of the reservoir, including 4 livestock complexes, about 40 objects, at the request of the prosecutor's office, passed the state environmental assessment, more than 200 violations were suppressed, in particular, unauthorized construction in a 15-meter coastal protective strip, unauthorized construction of berths and boathouses, etc., unauthorized construction of more than 30 cottages, the village of Zeleny Bor with 300 houses, was suspended, nine claims were filed in court for the demolition of unauthorized buildings, of which five have already been satisfied.

From time immemorial, people settled and founded cities and villages on the banks of waterways. Our contemporaries also strive to acquire land plots and build Vacation home close to ponds in a picturesque area. Residential and commercial real estate objects grow like mushrooms in the coastal areas of large and small rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. However, developers do not always adhere to the current standards that regulate construction in the water protection zone.

The country's legislative bodies adopted new option Water Code, it came into force at the beginning of 2007 and made adjustments, removing many prohibitive norms and softening previously existing requirements. It has now become possible to place garden, vegetable and summer cottage plots in water protection zones, and their privatization is permitted.

What does the legislator mean by the concept of a water protection zone?

A water protection zone is an area that is adjacent to the boundaries of any water body (coastline), where a special procedure for economic and other activities is prescribed, that is, there are restrictions on the use of this territory. The purpose of establishing such a regime is to prevent Negative consequences pollution of rivers and lakes, which can lead to depletion of water resources and cause serious harm to local fauna and flora. Protective coastal strips are located within the boundaries of the protective zones.

To find out whether the site is included in the territory of the water protection zone, it is advisable for the developer to contact the cadastral registration service and make written request to the federal water resources authority, where the water register is maintained at the state level. This will make it possible to accurately determine which part of the site is located in the zone related to special conditions for the use of the territory (in this case, the water protection zone) and its specific area. An official response from the water industry will be required upon receipt. permitting documents for construction and will become the basis for the legitimacy of the developer in the event of any disputes.

Water protection zone: how many meters

The articles of the Water Code indicate the maximum parameter for the width of the water protection zone for territories located outside the city limits and outside the boundaries of any populated areas. It depends on the water body and its characteristics. In order not to conflict with legislative norms, when planning construction, you should know how many meters the water protection zone from the river forms. This parameter is determined by the length of the water flow, which is calculated from the source:

• when the length of the river is up to 10 km, the width of the zone, measured from the water’s edge, is 50 m;
• at 10 - 50 km - 100 m;
• for rivers over 50 km long - 200 m.

In the case when the distance from the source to the mouth of the river is less than 10 km, then the water protection zone and the coastal protective strip coincide, and in the area of ​​the source it covers an area equal to a radius of 50 m.

According to the law, the water protection zone of a lake or reservoir with a water area of ​​less than 0.5 km² (in addition to lakes located inside a swamp) is 50 meters. For reservoirs where species of valuable fish are found - 200 m. On the sea coast, this parameter corresponds to 500 meters.

When a body of water is used to supply drinking water, then according to the law, sanitary protection zones are established around it. And if the land falls into this category, then any construction here is prohibited. Such information is entered into the cadastral passport and indicates existing restrictions on the use of the site.

Construction in the water protection zone of a river or lake

Construction on areas that are fully or partially included in the water protection zone is permitted only on the condition that the house will not pollute the reservoir and all sanitary standards will be met. In other words, a residential building must have at least a wastewater treatment system (filtration). To dot all the i's and get specific and comprehensive information on this issue, it is rational to contact the territorial department of Rospotrebnadzor.

Mandatory environmental assessment is also provided project documentation, which allows to exclude any violations of environmental legislation.

Since surface water bodies and the corresponding coastal strip are state or municipal property, they must be publicly available for use by all citizens, therefore any construction at the water's edge and on a 20-meter strip is unacceptable. At the same time, including the construction of fences that prevent people from free access to the coastal area. According to current legislation The privatization of land plots within the borders of the coastal strip is also prohibited.

At the same time as compliance with the requirements regarding the water protection zone and coastal protective strip when constructing a residential building near a reservoir, it is necessary:

• have ownership rights to the site or have a lease agreement with the right to build on it with a certain type of permitting use (for individual housing construction or subsidiary personal farming;
• comply with construction and sanitary standards and regulations when constructing a structure.

In addition to building restrictions in areas classified as water protection, there are a number of other prohibitions. For example, on coastal protective strips it is prohibited:

• break ground;
• herd animals;
• place soil dumps.

Cautions

Statistics show that during inspections carried out by services that control environmental management, about 20% of developers commit violations when constructing real estate in water protection zones. Therefore, when planning construction on a site adjacent to a lake, reservoir or river, you should determine the water protection zone of the water body and clearly know what construction restrictions exist.

An informed developer will save himself from unnecessary problems, penalties and other more serious troubles. Fines for individuals are small, but the violations are fraught with the fact that they will be required to be eliminated in court, up to and including the forced demolition of the facility.

Article 60. Water protection zones of water bodies and coastal protective strips. 1. Water protection zones of water bodies are lands that are adjacent to the coastline of surface water bodies and on which a special regime of economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water bodies, as well as to preserve the habitat of flora and fauna. .

Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
2. Within the water protection zones of water bodies, the following is prohibited:
carrying out aeronautical chemical works;
use of chemicals to control pests, plant diseases and weeds;
use of wastewater for soil fertilization;
placement of hazardous production facilities where hazardous substances, the list of which is determined by federal laws, are produced, used, processed, generated, stored, transported and destroyed;
placement of warehouses for pesticides, mineral fertilizers and fuels and lubricants, sites for refilling equipment with pesticides, livestock complexes and farms, storage and burial sites for industrial, household and agricultural waste, cemeteries and cattle burial grounds, wastewater storage facilities;
storage of waste and garbage;
refueling, washing and repairing cars and other machines and mechanisms;
placement of dacha, garden and vegetable plots when the width of water protection zones of water bodies is less than 100 meters and the steepness of the slopes of adjacent areas is more than 3 degrees;
placement of vehicle parking, including in the territories of country houses, gardens and vegetable plots;
carrying out final fellings;
carrying out excavation and other work without coordination with the federal executive body for managing water bodies if the water body is in federal ownership, and without agreement with the owner if the water body is separate.
In the territories of water protection zones of water bodies, intermediate felling and other forestry activities are permitted to ensure the protection of water bodies.
In cities and other settlements, if there are storm sewers and an embankment within the water protection zones of water bodies, it is allowed to place facilities for refueling, washing and repairing cars at a distance of no closer than 50 meters, and parking for vehicles - no closer than 20 meters from the water's edge.
3. Within the coastal protective strips, in addition to the restrictions specified in Part 2 of this article, the following are prohibited:
plowing of land;
application of fertilizers;
storage of dumps of eroded soils;
grazing and organizing summer camps for livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places), arranging bathing baths;
installation of seasonal stationary tent camps, placement of summer cottages, gardens and vegetable plots and allocation of plots for individual construction;
movement of cars and tractors, except for special purpose vehicles.
The regime of economic and other activities established for coastal protective strips applies to the shore of a water body.
4. The width of water protection zones and coastal protective strips outside the territories of cities and other settlements is established:
for rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes (except for stagnant intra-marsh ones) - from the long-term average top level during the ice-free period;
for reservoirs - from the average long-term highest level during the ice-free period, but not lower than the forced retaining level of the reservoir;
for seas - from the maximum tide level.
Water protection zones are not established for swamps. The width of coastal protective strips for swamps at the sources of rivers and streams, as well as floodplain swamps, is established from the border of the swamp (zero depth of the peat deposit) in the territory adjacent to it.
The width of water protection zones outside the territories of settlements is established for sections of watercourses extending from their source:
up to 10 kilometers - 50 meters;
from 10 to 50 kilometers - 100 meters;
from 50 to 100 kilometers - 200 meters;
from 100 to 200 kilometers - 300 meters;
from 200 to 500 kilometers - 400 meters;
from 500 kilometers and more - 500 meters.
For watercourses less than 300 meters long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip.
The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of rivers and streams is 50 meters.
The width of water protection zones for lakes and reservoirs is accepted for a water area of ​​up to 2 square meters. kilometers - 300 meters, from 2 sq. kilometers or more - 500 meters.
The width of the water protection zones of the seas is 500 meters.
5. The boundaries of water protection zones of main and inter-farm canals are combined with the boundaries of land allocation strips for these canals.
For sections of rivers enclosed in closed collectors, water protection zones are not established.
6. The width of coastal protective strips for rivers, lakes, reservoirs and other water bodies is established depending on the steepness of the coastal slopes and is, for the steepness of the slopes of adjacent territories:
having a reverse or zero slope - 30 meters;
having a slope of up to 3 degrees - 50 meters;
having a slope of more than 3 degrees - 100 meters.
For intramarsh lakes and watercourses, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at 50 meters.
The width of coastal protective strips for areas of reservoirs of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning grounds, wintering pits, feeding areas) is set at 200 meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.
In urban settlements, if there is a storm sewer and an embankment, the border of coastal protective strips is combined with the embankment parapet.
7. Fixing on the ground with water protection signs of the established type the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips of water bodies (with the exception of isolated water bodies) is ensured by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation, and the boundaries of isolated water bodies - by the owners.
The federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation informs the population about the establishment of the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips and the regime of economic and other activities within their boundaries in the manner established by Part 9 of Article 41 of this Code.
For the purposes of compliance with the legal regime of water protection zones and coastal protective strips, before their boundaries are fixed on the ground with water protection signs, for owners of land plots, landowners, land users and tenants of land plots, the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips of water bodies are considered established.
8. Information about the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal protective strips is subject to entry into the state land cadastre.
9. Coastal protective strips should be predominantly occupied by trees and shrubs or covered with grass.
10. Maintaining water protection zones and coastal protective strips, as well as water protection signs, in proper condition is the responsibility of the federal executive body for managing water bodies, water bodies under special use are the responsibility of water users, and isolated water bodies are the responsibility of the owners.
11. The regime for the use of territories of water protection zones and coastal protective strips in border areas is established by the Government of the Russian Federation on the proposal of a federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation.

VK RF Article 65. Water protection zones and coastal protective strips

1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (borders of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.

2. Coastal protective strips are established within the boundaries of water protection zones, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.

3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (border of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.

(see text in the previous edition)

4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:

1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;

2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;

3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.

5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.

6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of ​​less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is established equal width water protection zone of this watercourse.

(see text in the previous edition)

7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”.

(see text in the previous edition)

8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.

9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.

10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.

11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.

12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.

13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, or reservoir that is of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.

(see text in the previous edition)

14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (the boundary of the water body).

(see text in the previous edition)

15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:

1) use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;

(see text in the previous edition)

2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal sites, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;

(see text in the previous edition)

3) implementation of aviation measures to combat pests;

(see text in the previous edition)

4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces;

5) placement of gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants (except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), stations Maintenance used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing vehicles;

6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;

7) discharge of wastewater, including drainage water;

8) exploration and production of common mineral resources (except for cases where exploration and production of common mineral resources is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of mineral resources, within the boundaries of mining allotments allocated to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil resources and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 “On Subsoil”).

16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion in accordance with water legislation and legislation in field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion are understood as:

1) centralized drainage (sewage) systems, centralized storm drainage systems;