Introduction The negative impact of “Oblomovism” on Oblomov Oblomov and Stolz Why was Oblomov unable to leave the world of illusions?

Introduction

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov - main character the novel “Oblomov”, an apathetic and lazy man of over thirty years old, who spends all his time lying on the sofa and making unrealistic plans for his future. Spending his days in idleness, the hero never begins to do anything, since he is not able to exert a strong-willed effort on himself and begin to implement his own plans. Reasons for hopeless laziness and passivity

Little Ilya appears as a very lively and inquisitive child. He is fascinated picturesque landscapes Oblomovki, he is interested in watching animals and communicating with peers.
The boy wanted to run, jump, climb the hanging gallery, where only “people” could be, he wanted to learn as much as possible about the world around him, and he strived in every possible way for this knowledge. However, excessive parental care, constant control and guardianship

became an insurmountable wall between active child and an interesting, captivating world. The hero gradually got used to the prohibitions and adopted outdated family values: the cult of food and idleness, fear of work and lack of understanding of the importance of learning, gradually plunging into the swamp of “Oblomovism”.

The negative impact of “Oblomovism” on Oblomov

Over several generations of landowners, the Oblomov family developed its own special way of life, which determined the life of not only the noble family, but also the entire village, predetermining the course of life even for peasants and servants. In Oblomovka, time flowed slowly, no one was watching him, no one was in a hurry, and the village seemed to be separated from outside world: even when they received a letter from a neighboring estate, they did not want to read it for several days, because they were afraid of bad news that would disturb the peaceful calm of “Oblomov’s” life. The big picture complemented the mild climate of the area: there were no severe frosts or heat, there was no high mountains or the wayward sea.

All this could not but affect Oblomov’s still very young, unformed personality, fenced off from all sorts of trials and stress: as soon as Ilya tried to commit a prank or go for a walk in forbidden places, a nanny appeared, who either carefully looked after him or took him back to chambers
All this instilled in the hero complete lack of will and subordination to someone else’s, more competent and important opinion, therefore, already in adulthood, Oblomov could only do something under pressure, not wanting to study at the university, work, or go out into the world until he won't be forced.

The absence of stress, situations when you need to defend your opinion, excessive and constant care, total control and many prohibitions, in fact, broke Oblomov’s natural personality - he became the ideal of his parents, but ceased to be himself. Moreover, all this was reinforced by the opinion of work as a duty that cannot bring pleasure, but is a kind of punishment. That is why, already in adulthood, Ilya Ilyich avoids any activity in every possible way, waiting for Zakhar to come and do everything for him - no matter how bad it is, but the hero himself will not need to get out of bed, breaking away from his illusions.

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1. Image of Oblomovka.
2. Prosaic reality and fairy-tale dreams of Oblomov.
3. Consequences of Oblomov’s upbringing.

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” the protagonist’s childhood is described quite fully in the ninth chapter. The very technique that the author used to give readers the opportunity to take a virtual journey through time and look at the environment in which a person grew up and developed, who appears as an adult and fully formed in the novel, is already interesting. Not just the hero’s memories, not a narration on behalf of the author about his childhood years, but a dream. This has a special meaning.

What is sleep? It often intertwines images of everyday reality and fantastic images that belong to something other than everyday life - either the unconscious or a parallel world... In Oblomov’s subconscious, a dream, a fairy tale, takes up quite a lot of space. It is not for nothing that Goncharov describes his dream in such a way that you soon forget that this is a dream and not reality.

You should pay attention to how Goncharov describes motherland Oblomov. The author does not begin with a direct description. At first we're talking about about what is not there, and only then about what is there: “No, really, there are seas there, no high mountains, rocks and abysses, no dense forests - there is nothing grandiose, wild and gloomy.”

It would seem that everything is simple - the author describes a typical Central Russian landscape, which is truly devoid of sharp romantic contrasts. However, the sea, forest, mountains are not only characteristics of the relief of a particular area, but also symbolic images, which are often used in relation to life path person. Of course, all these objects, both in their concrete embodiment and in symbolic reflection, carry a certain threat to humans. However, risk and the need to overcome serious obstacles are also an impetus for personal development.

In Oblomovka, this natural tendency towards spiritual growth, movement, and change is completely absent. Behind the external benevolence, manifested in a mild climate, a measured course of life, the absence of serious crimes among local population This is somehow not immediately apparent. But what is alarming is the commotion that arises in the village when they notice nearby stranger, who lay down to rest: “Who knows what he’s like: look, he doesn’t hurt anything; maybe something like this..." And a crowd of grown men armed with axes and pitchforks are talking about this! In this episode, seemingly insignificant, one of the important distinctive features Oblomovites - they unconsciously strive to avoid everything that is different from the outside. The host and hostess demonstrate a similar reaction when they receive a letter: “...Who knows what it’s like there, the letter? Maybe even worse, some kind of trouble. Look what people have become today!”

In “The Dream,” as in the entire novel, every now and then the motif of opposition between Oblomov and Oblomov’s way of life is heard. Oblomovka is an “almost impassable” “corner” that lives its own life. Everything that happens in the rest of the world practically does not affect the interests of Oblomovites. And their main interests are Tasty dinner, which is discussed in advance by the whole family, the whole house, and a sound “heroic” sleep. Oblomovites not only don’t think about the fact that it is possible to live somehow differently than they do, no, they don’t even have a shadow of a doubt that they live correctly, and “to live differently is a sin.”

It seems that existence in Oblomovka is monotonous and unpretentious - where did Oblomov’s habit of dreaming for hours, half asleep, come from? Fantastic images of fairy tales, once told by his mother and nanny, made a strong impression on the soul of little Ilya. But it is not the exploits of the heroes that most capture his imagination. Ilya listens with delight to fairy tales about how a kind sorceress generously gifts “some lazy person” for no reason at all. And Oblomov himself, even when he grew up and began to be more skeptical about fairy tales, “always has the inclination to lie on the stove, walk around in a ready-made unearned dress and eat at the expense of the good sorceress.”

Why are the ideas of precisely such fairy tales, and not those in which fearless, active heroes bravely go in search of “that I don’t know what” or to battle a terrible snake, firmly entrenched in Ilya’s subconscious? Probably because the lifestyle of Emelya lying on the stove almost completely corresponded to the standards of behavior that Oblomov learned from his parental family. After all, Ilya Ilyich’s father never cared about how things were going in his domain: it takes a long time to fix the bridge, raise the fence, and even about fixing the collapsed gallery, the master’s lazy thoughts stretch out for an indefinite period of time.

And little Ilya was an observant boy: watching how his father paced the room day after day, not delving into household chores, but getting angry if the handkerchief was not brought soon, and his mother was concerned mainly about plentiful food, the child naturally made a conclusion that this is how you need to live. And why should Ilya think otherwise - after all, children view their parents as an authority, as a model of behavior that should be copied in their own adult life.

The movement of life in Oblomovka was not perceived as something in which a person is obliged to take part, but like a stream of water running past, one can only observe what is happening around and, if possible, avoid personal participation in this bustle: “Good people understood it (life) is nothing other than an ideal of peace and inaction, disrupted from time to time by various unpleasant accidents, such as illness, losses, quarrels and, among other things, labor.”

Work in Oblomovka was regarded as a painful duty, from which it would not be a sin to shirk if the opportunity presented itself. Meanwhile, it is largely thanks to work that the development of personality, its spiritual formation and social adaptation occur. Oblomov, due to ideals absorbed from childhood, avoids active work, refuses personal growth, the development of those abilities and forces that were inherent in him. Paradoxically, Oblomov, who was cherished and protected in childhood, does not become confident in his adult life, successful person. What's the matter? Oblomov had happy childhood, he had all the prerequisites for his future life to be successful, but he spent the entire allotted period of his earthly existence lying on the sofa!

The key to understanding the problem lies in a fact that is inconspicuous at first glance: upbringing in Oblomovka was aimed only at the physical well-being of the child, but did not give direction spiritual development, goals. And without this little thing, alas, Oblomov, with all his merits, became what Goncharov described.

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The period of childhood and the events that happened to us during this period of development significantly influence the formation of a person’s personality. Life is no exception literary characters, in particular, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

Oblomov's native village

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov spent his entire childhood in his native village - Oblomovka. The beauty of this village was that it was located far from all populated areas, and, most importantly, very far from large cities. Such solitude contributed to the fact that all the residents of Oblomovka lived as if in conservation - they rarely went anywhere and almost no one ever came to them.

We invite you to read Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”

In the old days, Oblomovka could well be called a promising village - canvases were made in Oblomovka, delicious beer was brewed. However, after Ilya Ilyich became the owner of everything, it all fell into disrepair, and over time, Oblomovka became a backward village, from which people periodically fled, since the living conditions there were terrible. The reason for this decline was the laziness of its owners and the reluctance to make even minimal changes in the life of the village: “Old Oblomov, as he accepted the estate from his father, passed it on to his son.”

However, in Oblomov’s memories, his native village remained a paradise on earth - after he left for the city, he never came to his native village again.

In Oblomov’s memoirs, the village remained as if frozen outside of time. “Silence and undisturbed calm reign in the morals of the people in that region. No robberies, no murders, no terrible accidents happened there; neither strong passions nor daring undertakings excited them.”

Oblomov's parents

The childhood memories of any person are inextricably linked with the images of parents or educators.
Ilya Ivanovich Oblomov was the father of the main character of the novel. He was a good person in himself - kind and sincere, but absolutely lazy and inactive. Ilya Ivanovich did not like to do any business - his whole life was actually devoted to contemplating reality.

They postponed all necessary matters until the very last moment, as a result, soon all the buildings on the estate began to collapse and looked more like ruins. The manor house, which was significantly distorted, did not escape the same fate, but no one was in a hurry to correct it. Ilya Ivanovich did not modernize his economy; he had no idea about factories and their devices. Ilya Ilyich’s father loved to sleep for a long time, and then look out the window for a long time, even if absolutely nothing happened outside the window.

Ilya Ivanovich did not strive for anything, he was not interested in earning money and increasing his income, he also did not strive for personal development - from time to time his father could be found reading a book, but this was done for show or out of boredom - Ilya Ivanovich had everything - the same as reading, sometimes he didn’t even really delve into the text.

The name of Oblomov’s mother is unknown - she died much earlier than her father. Despite the fact that Oblomov actually knew his mother less than his father, he still loved her dearly.

Oblomov's mother was a match for her husband - she also lazily created the appearance of housekeeping and indulged in this work only in cases of extreme necessity.

Oblomov's education

Since Ilya Ilyich was only child in the family, he was not deprived of attention. The boy's parents spoiled him from childhood - they overprotected him.

He had many servants assigned to him - so many that little Oblomov did not need any action - everything that was necessary was brought to him, served and even dressed: “If Ilya Ilyich wants anything, he only has to blink - there are already three “Four servants rush to fulfill his wish.”

As a result, Ilya Ilyich did not even dress himself - without the help of his servant Zakhar, he was absolutely helpless.

As a child, Ilya was not allowed to play with the boys; he was forbidden from all active and outdoor games. At first, Ilya Ilyich ran away from home without permission to fool around and run around to his heart's content, but then they began to watch him more intensely, and escapes became at first difficult, and then completely impossible, so soon his natural curiosity and activity, which is inherent in all children, faded away, its place was taken by laziness and apathy.

Oblomov’s parents tried to protect him from any difficulties and troubles - they wanted the child’s life to be easy and carefree. They completely managed to accomplish this, but this state of affairs became disastrous for Oblomov. The childhood period quickly passed, and Ilya Ilyich did not acquire even basic skills that would allow him to adapt to real life.

Oblomov's education

The issue of education is also inextricably linked with childhood. It is during this period that children acquire basic skills and knowledge about the world around them, which allows them to further deepen their knowledge in a particular industry and become a successful specialist in their field.

Oblomov’s parents, who looked after him so closely all the time, did not attach importance to education - they considered it more of a torment than a useful activity.

Oblomov was sent to study only because receiving at least a basic education was a necessary requirement in their society.

They also did not care about the quality of their son’s knowledge - the main thing was to get a certificate. For the softened Ilya Ilyich, studying at a boarding school and then at a university was hard labor, it was “a punishment sent by heaven for our sins,” which, however, was periodically alleviated by the parents themselves, leaving their son at home at a time when the learning process was in full swing.

Introduction

Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is the main character of the novel “Oblomov”, an apathetic and lazy man of over thirty years old, who spends all his time lying on the couch and making unrealistic plans for his future. Spending his days in idleness, the hero never begins to do anything, since he is not able to exert a strong-willed effort on himself and begin to implement his own plans. The author reveals the reasons for the hopeless laziness and passivity of the hero in the chapter “Oblomov’s Dream,” where, through the memories of a child, the reader gets acquainted with Oblomov’s childhood in the novel “Oblomov.”

Little Ilya appears as a very lively and inquisitive child. He is fascinated by the picturesque landscapes of Oblomovka, he is interested in watching animals and communicating with peers. The boy wanted to run, jump, climb the hanging gallery, where only “people” could be, he wanted to learn as much as possible about the world around him, and he strived in every possible way for this knowledge. However, excessive parental care, constant control and guardianship became an insurmountable wall between an active child and an interesting, fascinating world. The hero gradually got used to the prohibitions and adopted outdated family values: the cult of food and idleness, fear of work and lack of understanding of the importance of learning, gradually plunging into the swamp of “Oblomovism.”

The negative impact of “Oblomovism” on Oblomov

Over several generations of landowners, the Oblomov family developed its own special way of life, which determined the life of not only the noble family, but also the entire village, predetermining the course of life even for peasants and servants. In Oblomovka, time flowed slowly, no one was watching him, no one was in a hurry, and the village seemed to be separated from the outside world: even when they received a letter from a neighboring estate, they did not want to read it for several days, because they were afraid of bad news that would have disturbed the pacifying calm of “Oblomov’s” life. The general picture was complemented by the mild climate of the area: there were no severe frosts or heat, there were no high mountains or wayward sea.

All this could not but affect Oblomov’s still very young, unformed personality, fenced off from all sorts of trials and stress: as soon as Ilya tried to commit a prank or go for a walk in forbidden places, a nanny appeared, who either carefully looked after him or took him back to chambers All this instilled in the hero complete lack of will and subordination to someone else’s, more competent and important opinion, therefore, already in adulthood, Oblomov could only do something under pressure, not wanting to study at the university, work, or go out into the world until he won't be forced.

The absence of stress, situations when you need to defend your opinion, excessive and constant care, total control and many prohibitions, in fact, broke Oblomov’s natural personality - he became the ideal of his parents, but ceased to be himself. Moreover, all this was reinforced by the opinion of work as a duty that cannot bring pleasure, but is a kind of punishment. That is why, already in adulthood, Ilya Ilyich avoids any activity in every possible way, waiting for Zakhar to come and do everything for him - no matter how bad it is, but the hero himself will not need to get out of bed, breaking away from his illusions.

Oblomov and Stolz

Andrey Ivanovich Stolts – best friend Oblomov, whom they met back in school years. This is a bright, active man who sincerely worries about the fate of his friend and tries with all his might to help him realize himself in real world and forget about the ideals of Oblomovism. In the work, Andrei Ivanovich is the antipode of Ilya Ilyich, which can already be seen when comparing the childhoods of Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov’s novel. Unlike Ilya, little Andrei was not limited in his actions, but rather was left to his own devices - he could not appear at home for several days, studying the world and getting to know different people. Letting my son call the shots own destiny, Stolz’s father, a German burgher, was quite strict with Andrei, instilling in the boy a love of work, assertiveness and the ability to achieve his goals, which later came in handy when building a successful career.

Descriptions of the childhood of Stolz and Oblomov allow us to see how different upbringings can create two completely different personalities out of children who are quite similar in nature and character - apathetic, lazy, but kind-hearted, gentle Ilya Ilyich and active, active, but completely misunderstanding the spheres of feelings of Andrei Ivanovich.

Why was Oblomov unable to leave the world of illusions?

In addition to laziness, lack of will and complete refusal social life Oblomov was characterized by such an ambiguous trait as excessive daydreaming. The hero spent all his days thinking about a possible future, coming up with many options. happy life in Oblomovshchina. Sincerely experiencing each of his dreams, Ilya Ilyich did not understand that all his plans were just illusions, wonderful tales, similar to those that his nanny told him as a child and with which he was so delighted, imagining himself brave hero, then a fair and strong hero.

In the fairy tales and legends told by the nanny, the world outside Oblomovka was depicted as something frightening and terrible, where monsters and dragons awaited him, with whom he had to fight. And only in your native Oblomovka can you live in peace, without fear or fear of anything. Gradually, the hero ceases to distinguish between the mythical and the real: “Although the adult Ilya Ilyich later learns that there are no honey and milk rivers, no good sorceresses, although he jokes with a smile at the nanny’s stories, this smile is not sincere, it is accompanied by a secret sigh: a fairy tale he is confused with life, and he sometimes unconsciously feels sad, why is a fairy tale not life, and why is life not a fairy tale? The hero, afraid of the unknown, frightening, unfavorable real life, simply leaves her for the world of illusions and dreams, afraid of meeting her “one on one” and losing in an unequal battle. Spending all his days dreaming about Oblomovka, Ilya Ilyich tries to return to that safe world of childhood, where he was protected and cared for, not realizing that this is impossible.

In the novel, the description of Ilya Oblomov’s childhood is the key to his entire life, allowing him to better understand the character and psychology of the hero, whose name has become a household name for Russian literature and culture. In “Oblomov,” Goncharov portrayed a vivid, typical image of a sincere, but weak-willed Russian man, who remains interesting to readers today.

A description and analysis of the events of the childhood years of the protagonist of the novel will be especially interesting for 10th graders before preparing a report or essay on the topic “Oblomov’s childhood in Ivan Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”.”

Work test

In an extensive chapter, published before the appearance of the entire novel, “Oblomov’s Dream,” on which Goncharov worked long and lovingly, like an artist on a cherished painting, the sleepy kingdom of Oblomovism and the process of slow poisoning of a child are depicted in all its breadth. Oblomov this poison.

Oblomov in this dream sees his past life, pictures of his childhood pass before him, he is worried by the influx of memories and cries in his sleep. In front of him is a picture of the quiet village of his parents, deserted plowed fields all around, a forest in the distance, an old landowner's house, a garden where he wandered with his nanny. Little Ilyusha, who woke up in his crib, is dressed, he is capricious, already understanding with his childish mind that he is a “barchuk”, that the people serving him are his servants, his property, over whom he can command. Various Vankas, Filkas, Styopkas are always ready at his service, who will rush according to his instructions, warn his every desire, his every step. He is freed from all the efforts and movements necessary for the development of his child's body, from all the worries and difficulties necessary for the development of the will.

Goncharov. Oblomov. Summary

The system of servility and servitude to the nobleman artificially paralyzes his will, his strength, his activity. He grows as if in a greenhouse, protected by the care of mothers, nannies and parents. They always wrap him up, protect him, guard him, and suppress all outbursts of childish gaiety and playfulness in him. He is frightened by all sorts of dangers awaiting him outside of parental care. The child gets used to thinking that it is safe and calm only in the sleepy house of his parents, and that everything around him is full of unknown, terrible forces and dangers. He thinks with horror about the ravine behind the village and about the forest where wolves run and robbers hide. Little Ilyusha develops a fear of life, the habit of seeking protection from others and not relying on himself. They also protect him from mental worries, grieve over the need to teach the boy, try in every possible way to persuade him not to bother himself and exempt him from lessons.

Parents' concerns are focused only on the physical side of the child's life. As if surrounded by cotton wool, in this stuffy greenhouse, he grows up as a lethargic, phlegmatic, lifeless boy, in whom the habits of laziness and idleness have developed eternal invincible fatigue and the need to lie down and surrender to complete peace. The living atmosphere created around the parents’ house and throughout the village has an even more destructive effect on the child’s soul. Around him - last sleep, a stupid animal vegetating, with the only worries about dinner.

Everything froze in laziness and drowsiness in Oblomovka. In the morning there are only some signs of life as they prepare for lunch. But after lunch, Oblomovka falls into a heavy and stuffy sleep. Impressions of heat, silence, some kind of sleepy stupor draw the impressionable boy into a labyrinth of some painful, strange ideas and thoughts. With extraordinary psychological subtlety, Goncharov recreates these vague experiences of a child's soul. That's when Oblomovka seems like a true kingdom of dull sleep. The silence is interrupted only by the delirium of the sleeping. They sleep, get up, cool off in the twilight, drink tea, have dinner and go to bed.

And so, day after day, day after day, the monotonous and sleepy burden of this life drags on. No worries, no interests other than dinner and sleep. Occasionally they have fun playing cards or remembering funny episodes from last year's life. Calmly, epically, like Homer, Goncharov depicts this swamp swamp and the life of the people immersed in it, and the impression is enhanced by precisely this calm tone of the narrative.

“Oblomov’s Dream,” which recreates pictures of the hero’s childhood life, explains how this type of Russian reality arose and how it developed.