Lesson type: lesson to consolidate the material covered.

Lesson objectives:

Special:

1. Cognitive: 1) Talk about how to prepare for an essay based on the material covered in previous lessons. 2) Show the differences in the characters of the story by L.N. Tolstoy " Prisoner of the Caucasus».

2. Educational: 1)Skill building benchmarking and the ability to apply them in practice.

General subject:

1) Develop critical thinking, the ability to compare characters;

2) To cultivate attention to the word and the characteristics of the characters against the background of the development of the plot during the reading process.

Equipment:

1) Textbook-reader (“Literature. 5th grade. In 2 hours. Part 2” / V.Ya Korovina, M., 2010);

2) Lesson planning in literature: 5th grade. To the textbook by V. Ya Korovina “Literature: 5th grade”. Eremina O.A., M., 2009.

During the classes:

1. Organizing time:

U:Today in class we will prepare for a home essay on the topic “Zhilin and Kostylin - two different characters, two different destinies"Based on the story by L. Tolstoy "Prisoner of the Caucasus", which we read together in the last lesson. Your homework was to prepare a retelling and answer questions about the text.

2. Conversation on questions:

U:How do the surnames of the two main characters in L. Tolstoy’s story tell about their characters?

D:Zhilin in explanatory dictionary from “vein” - a strong end of muscles, sinewy, two-stranded - strong, elastic. Kostylin from “crutch” - a stick for the lame, powerless. Surnames indicate the difference in the characters’ characters.

U:Through whose eyes do we see pictures of the village and the life of the mountaineers and why?

D:Through Zhilin’s eyes, he was interested in everything, because from the first minute of being in captivity, he was thinking about escape. Kostylin was still lying there.

U:Is it fair to say about Zhilin that he is a “dzhigit”, and about Kostylin that he is “meek”?

D:Zhilin is brave, he argues with the Tatars, bargains with them, sets his own conditions for them. Kostylin agrees to everything: give a ransom of 5 thousand, live in a barn...

U:Why did people from other villages begin to come to Zhilin?

D:He was mistaken for a doctor and was considered a jack of all trades.

U:Select verbs from the text that characterize the behavior of Zhilin and Kostylin.

D:Zhilin: walks, looks out, does needlework, digs. Kostylin: writing, waiting, bored, sleeping.

U:What interesting things can you find in the life of Zhilin and Kostylin?

D:Zhilin communicates with local residents, observes their customs, and keeps looking out for his fortress. Kostylin is not interested in anything, he is only waiting for me to send a ransom for him.

U:What conclusion can we draw from the comparison of the two heroes?

D:Zhilin does not sit idly by, he tries to escape, Kostylin does not even think about escaping, hoping for help from his relatives.

3. Expressive reading of chapter 5.

4. Workshop - work in pairs:

U:From the chapter, select verbal descriptions of the actions of both characters.

D:Zhilin (1) - He dug a hole, marks it by the stars, examines it, crawled to the road, carries Kostylin on himself.

Kostylin (2) - He caught a stone with his foot, Complains, whines, is afraid of everything, grunts, groans, lags behind.

U:Why did Kostylin turn out to be not Zhilin’s assistant, but his burden? Did you expect this in advance, how the two heroes would behave when escaping?

D:Kostylin is weak, he has no willpower or patience. How the heroes would behave during their escape was clear from their behavior in captivity.

U:Name the qualities of each of the heroes.

D:Zhilin: courageous, resourceful, persistent, active. Kostylin: indecisive, cowardly, selfish.

U:Let's draw conclusions: Why do heroes behave differently in the same situations?

D:It depends on their characters.

U:Tell us about the friendship between Dina and Zhilin. What did Tolstoy mean by this?

D:Chechen children treat Russians with curiosity, not hostility. The feeling of enmity is not innate. Zhilin respects Dina’s courage and kindness. The author wants to say that enmity between peoples is meaningless, friendship between people is the norm of human communication.

5. Drawing up a comparative table.

- a story by Tolstoy, who introduces us to a Russian officer who was captured by the highlanders. This happens during Caucasian War. While reading the story, we meet the two main characters - officers, whose comparative characteristics we were asked to do at home.

As we have already said, the main characters of the story are two officers of the Russian army, Zhilin and Kostylin. They have both common and distinctive human characteristics. Perhaps it should be said about them general outline, which makes the heroes similar. It's theirs general service in the Caucasus. Both of them noble origin, serve as officers, go on leave at the same time, and are captured at the same time. And then the reader sees how different people, different not only in appearance, but also in behavior. One of them is a hero, and the second is weak person, which only causes disgust. Let us dwell on the heroes of Zhilin and Kostylin in more detail.

Characteristics of Zilina

Zhilin is a person who deserves respect. No matter what, he always remains human. Although Zhilin was small in stature, he was a daredevil in everything. This is an officer whose courage and strength are immediately visible, yet he never sought to appear as a hero. Even in Hard time Zhilin is not thinking about how to save his own skin, but about how to protect his mother from the news that he was captured. Zhilin is independently trying to find a way to solve the problem. He organizes the escape, which fails the first time because of Kostylin. But this did not break the hero. Zhilin does not give up and finds salvation. This hero strong in spirit and even his enemies respect him. Zhilin is brave and decisive and it is impossible not to admire this.

Characteristics of Kostylin

But Kostylin is the complete opposite. Outwardly, he is an overweight, fat man, pitiful and insignificant. Its very description evokes hostility. And when you get to know this hero of the story further, you completely begin to despise him. Kostylin is an egoist by nature, it is important for him to save his own skin, so he immediately rushed to write to his family so that they would prepare a ransom for him. Kostylin is a vile person who does not know the concept of friendship and certainly cannot be called a hero.

"Prisoner of the Caucasus"
Chapter I
1. Why is the story called “Caucasian”
captive"?
2. Whom
called "Caucasian" in the story
captive"?
3. Name the reason that forced Zhilin
hit the road.
4. What was the danger of the path?

comparison table

comparison table

10. Comparison table

11. Comparison table

12. Comparison table

13.

14. “Zhilin is preparing to escape”

15. We draw a conclusion

16. We draw a conclusion

17. Homework

Kozlova Tatyana Vasilievna
Job title: teacher of Russian language and literature
Educational institution: Municipal educational institution "Izegol basic secondary school"
Locality: Izegol village, Irkutsk region
Name of material: Presentation
Subject: Project: Compiling, under the guidance of a teacher, an electronic presentation “Zhilin and Kostylin: two characters - two destinies”
Publication date: 22.05.2016
Chapter: secondary education

Municipal educational institution

Izegolskaya basic secondary school

Project

Zhilin and Kostylin: two characters

fate

»
The work was completed by: 5th grade student Nikolaenko Sofia, 2015.

PROJECT PASSPORT
1. Project title: “Zhilin and Kostylin: two characters - two destinies.” 2. The academic subject within which the project is being developed and related disciplines: literature and Russian language. 3. Project type: individual, short-term. 4. The purpose of the project: to give a comparative description of the heroes based on the identified similarities and differences in their behavior. 5. Project objectives: Compile comparison table"Zhilin and Kostylin." Draw conclusions about how brightly and strongly the character of one person can manifest itself and the character of another cannot manifest itself at all in the same circumstances. 6. Project manager: Tatyana Vasilievna Kozlova, teacher of Russian language and literature. 7. Age of the project participant: 11 years. 8. The expected product of the project is the presentation “Zhilin and Kostylin: two characters - two destinies.”

comparison table

Quality

Zhilin

Kostylin
The meaning of the surname Zhilin, wiry - lean, muscular, with protruding veins Crutch - a stick that serves as a support when walking for lame people or those with sore legs Appearance “And Zhilin, although not very tall, was brave” “Kostylin is a heavyset man, fat, all red, and the sweat is pouring off him.” Reasons why they were captured Zhilin could not do anything alone without a gun. And the Tatars killed his horse, it crushed his leg. Kostylin got cold feet and left Zhilin alone without a gun.
Behavior in captivity Zhilin first bargains, writes so that the letter does not reach, thinks about leaving. Zhilin lived, treated, made dolls, looked out, and prepared to escape. Kostylin writes a letter to his family to be ransomed. He did nothing, just waited for an answer, slept. The first escape He climbed, got out, stood up, noticed the road, walked, jumped up, looked around, dragging Kostylin. Hooked, rattled, left behind, cut his legs, lags behind, groans.
Behavior after an unsuccessful escape “And Zhilin became depressed: he saw that things were bad. Ine knows how to get out.” But Zhilin does not lose hope. Turns to Dina for help. “Kostylin became completely ill, swollen, there was aching all over his body, and he kept moaning or sleeping.” The second escape Zhilin is alone, no one bothers him. He is walking, in a hurry, exhausted. He does not lose hope, he gathered his last strength. Our Cossacks helped. Remained to serve in the Caucasus. “And Kostylin was bought out only a month later for five thousand. They brought me barely alive.”
Sinkwine

Zhilin

Brave, kind Works, looks out, prepares Water does not flow under a lying stone Well done!
Sinkwine
Kostylin
Cowardly, lazy Complains, asks, waits Doesn't believe in his own strength Weak!
Conclusions What determines that people who find themselves in the same situations behave differently? I think it all depends on the person. Two officers find themselves in the same situation, but we see two different people. Zhilin is an active person. He is kind, thinks about his mother, feels sorry for her, hopes for himself, is considering escape, managed to settle down in the village, hard-working, helps everyone, he is interested in other people. In a difficult situation he does not lose his fortitude. He makes every effort to get out of the village and escape. All his actions and deeds are subordinated to one goal - liberation. Kostylin is a weak person, does not rely on himself, expects help from his mother, is capable of betrayal, has lost heart, does not accept other people, is lazy, inactive, and does not know how to adapt to the situation.

The most striking are those works in which the main characters are completely different. It is these characters that are the basis of Leo Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” Characters- Zhilin and Kostylin. These men have different destinies and characters. The story tells about their life in captivity of the Tatars and their attempt to escape. But the path to freedom is thorny, and in particular because these two officers are the complete opposite of each other.

First meeting of comrades

The events take place during the war. Officer Zhilin received a letter from his mother. She asks her son to return. Ivan, that’s the man’s name, considers the offer and agrees. It was dangerous to travel alone, so the soldiers walked in a column. The group moved slowly, and the thought that it was better to go alone came to his mind. As if hearing his thoughts, another officer, Kostylin, invites him to continue the journey together.

First Zilina and Kostylina are very important for further development events. The author does not talk about what he looks like main character, but gives a description of Kostylin. He is rough with sweat dripping off him due to the heat. After making sure that he has a loaded weapon and vowing to stick together, Zhilin agrees to the invitation.

Ambush and unexpected betrayal of a friend

The comrades are leaving. The entire path lies through the steppe, where the enemy is clearly visible. But then the road runs between two mountains. At this point a conflict of views arises. In the scene there is a comparison between Zhilin and Kostylin in terms of their sense of danger.

Two excellent warriors perceive the mountain gorge differently. Zhilin sees a potential threat and is sure that the Turks can ambush behind the rock. Kostylin is ready to move forward, despite possible risk. Leaving his friend below, Ivan climbs the mountain and sees a group of horsemen. The enemies notice the officer and gallop towards him. Zhilin shouts at Kostylin to pull out his gun. But he, seeing the Tatars, rushes into the fortress.

Comparative characteristics Zhilin and Kostylin will be incomplete without considering this situation in more detail. The first cared about the safety of both, while the second, under difficult circumstances, thought only about own life. Kostylin left his comrade without a weapon. Ivan fought back for a long time, but the forces were unequal. He was taken prisoner. But already at the Tatars he learns that his unfortunate friend was also ambushed.

Second and unexpected meeting of former friends

The man spent some time in a closed barn. Then he was taken to the house of the Tatars. There they explained to him that the man who captured the soldier sold him to another Tatar. And he, in turn, wants to receive a ransom of 3,000 rubles for Ivan. The officer, without hesitation for a long time, refused and said that he could not afford such an amount. The most he can offer is 500 gold. The last word it was firm and unshakable. His comrade is brought into the room.

And the appearance of Zhilin and Kostylin is very different. The second officer is fat, barefoot, exhausted, ragged, with stocks on his feet. Zilina is no better, but the thirst for fight has not yet died out in him. The new owner sets Kostylin as an example and says that he will be accepted for a ransom of 5,000 rubles.

The author shows how humbly he accepts an offer of such a high price. Ivan achieved that the price for his soul would be But still he understands that his mother, who lives on the money that he himself sends to her, would have to sell everything in order to free her son. Therefore, the officer writes the wrong address so that the letter does not arrive. The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin when establishing the ransom amount indicate that the first officer takes care of his mother, even if he is threatened with death. Kostylin is not worried about how money is raised for his release.

Attempting to escape from the enemy

Time passes. Leo Tolstoy vividly describes the everyday life of Zhilin. A man wins the heart of his owner's daughter when he makes clay dolls for her. He gains respect in the village as a master, and even through cunning - as a doctor. But every night, when the shackles are removed, he digs a passage under the wall. He works during the day, thinking about which direction he should run. The characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin in captivity are completely opposite. Zhilin does not sit still, unlike his comrade. And he sleeps or is sick all the time, waiting for the storm associated with the death of one of the Tatar warriors to pass.

One night Zhilin decides to run away. He also offers this to his cellmate. Kostylin is skeptical about this. He states that they do not know the way and will get lost at night. But the argument that because of the death of a Tatar, they, like Russians, can take revenge, finally convinces him.

Fighting your own abilities

The prisoners act. Trying to get out, the clumsy Kostylin makes a noise. The dogs growled. But the prudent Ivan fed the dogs for a long time. Therefore, they quickly calmed down their commotion. They get out of the village, but the fat man is out of breath and falls behind. He gives up very quickly and asks to leave him.

The comparative characteristics of Zhilin and Kostylin are a competition between cowardice and strength. Both are tired. The night is impenetrable, they are forced to go almost by touch. Bad boots rub your feet until they bleed. Kostylin stops and rests over and over again. Subsequently, he becomes exhausted and says that he is unable to continue his journey.

Then his friend pulls him on his back. Because Kostylin screams in pain, they are noticed and tracked down. Before dawn, the comrades were caught and this time thrown into a hole. And there the portrait of Zhilin and Kostylin is opposite. An officer thirsty for freedom is trying to dig a hole, but there is nowhere to put the earth and stones.

More and more often we hear talk from enemies that Russians need to be killed.

Finale and will

The owner's daughter comes to the rescue. She lowers a pole into the hole, along which, with the help of a friend, Zhilin climbs up the mountain. The weak Kostylin remains with the Tatars. He runs away with his legs shackled, but nevertheless gets to his army.

After some time, they pay money for Kostylin. He returns barely alive. This is where the work ends. The author does not say what awaits the characters with the names Zhilin and Kostylin next. The heroes had different destinies, the first relied only on their own capabilities, the second was waiting for manna from heaven. They are two poles that are guided by different principles and rules. If Zhilin is stubborn, courageous and freedom-loving, then his partner in misfortune is weak, lazy and cowardly.

A wonderful-hearted officer

The main characters of Leo Tolstoy are Zhilin and Kostylin. This story is about two officers. The first fought bravely, the second humbly accepted everything that life had in store for him. Zhilin is characterized by such a trait as care. He thinks about the old mother when they asked for a ransom, worries about the fate of his friend, so he does not leave him in the village of enemies, for the girl who helped him get out of the hole.

She is ordered to hide the pole that she brought so that Zhilin can rise. His heart is full of kindness and love. The officer fell in love with the simple, peaceful people of the Tatars. Therefore, it makes their life easier in every possible way. He is a symbol of everything bright and sincere in the work.

Kostylin - hero or anti-hero?

Kostylin is often considered a negative hero. He abandoned his comrade in trouble, distinguished himself by laziness and weakness, and brought danger to both of them. There is nothing to say about the cowardice of a man, because every now and then helplessness is manifested in his actions.

The characterization of Zhilin and Kostylin is an analysis of two opposing types of courage. But Kostylin showed more courage when he refused to repeat the escape attempt. Moreover, as best I could, I helped my friend get out of the hole. He understood all his weakness and did not dare to set his comrade up again. It is in such actions that the secret of his essence lies.