Students to take exams at the end of school. Now only about 5% of graduates pass it. This happens because literature is needed for admission to not the most popular specialties: philologist, linguist and teacher of Russian and literature.

Before the introduction of the Unified State Exam, literature was required to be taken at the end of school in the form of an essay, and the grade was given in two subjects at once: literature - for the quality of the text and disclosure of the main idea, one’s opinion and knowledge of the opinions of critics, and in the Russian language - for the absence of errors.

Read the general information about the exam and start preparing. Compared to last year, the version of the KIM Unified State Exam 2019 has changed. Now in task 17 you have to choose one essay topic out of four (previously out of three). The maximum primary score for the entire test was greatly increased - from 42 to 57. The remaining changes are not very serious, you can familiarize yourself with them.

Unified State Examination

Last year, to pass the Unified State Exam in Literature with at least a C, it was enough to score 32 primary points. They were given, for example, for correctly completed tasks No. 1-7, 10 and 11.

It is not yet known exactly what will happen in 2019: we need to wait for the official order from Rosobrnadzor on the correspondence of primary and test scores. Most likely it will appear in December. Considering that the maximum primary score has increased significantly, it is very likely that the minimum score may also change. Let's focus on these tables for now:

Structure of the Unified State Exam test

In 2019, the Unified State Examination test in literature consists of two parts, including 17 tasks.

• Part 1: Consists of two sets of tasks. The first refers to a fragment of an epic, or lyric epic, or dramatic work: includes seven tasks (1–7) with a short answer and two tasks (8, 9) with a detailed answer of 5–10 sentences. The second relates to the analysis of a lyrical work: it includes five tasks (10–14) with a short answer and two tasks (15, 16) with a detailed answer of 5–10 sentences.
• Part 2: 4 essay topics (17.1–17.4), from which you need to choose ONE and write a text of 200 words or more.

Preparation for the Unified State Exam

• Take the Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration or SMS. The tests presented are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.

• Download demo versions of the Unified State Examination in literature, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). In the same FIPI all official Unified State Exam options.
  The tasks that you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones, on the same topic or simply with different numbers.

General Unified State Examination figures

Currently, the Unified State Examination in literature is not included in the list of mandatory tests at the end of school. However, the results of this state exam are necessary in order to enter various specialties of Russian higher education institutions. educational institutions. This could be philology or journalism, television, as well as vocal and acting arts. Our article will tell you in detail what you need to know to pass the literature exam (Unified State Exam).

Exam Features

In 2017, there were active rumors that the structure of the final test in literature would be significantly transformed. But in September of the same year it became known that this testing had undergone a minimal number of changes. Nevertheless, in one of her interviews, Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva said that next year another, more promising model of the state exam, developed by leading specialists from the Institute of Pedagogical Measurements, will come into force. Thus, the KIMs were excluded test tasks. Now about literature? Let's figure it out together.

Why were the tests removed?

In the opinion of the developers, multiple-choice tasks for students do not pose any difficulty. They are just an extra element for assessment. In such tasks there is a huge probability of guessing the correct answer, and experts at the Institute of Pedagogical Measurements fundamentally disagree with this.

In addition, it became known that in the literature exam, graduates will no longer see open-ended questions and tasks where they must give an answer in the form of one word or a sequence of numbers. Thus, graduates lose the opportunity to score points for knowledge of literary terms. Therefore, C grade students will not be able to get away with “little loss” by passing one part of the exam. In 2018, graduates are expected to demonstrate the ability to express their own thoughts beautifully and clearly.

Test requirements. Essays

It is known that during the literature exam you need to write several essays. The developers of test materials have increased the minimum volume of the “main” essay. In previous years, this volume was at least 200 words, but already in 2018, the graduate will be required to compose a text 50 words more than in previous years.

Institute specialists have specified the requirements for mini-essays for next year. They must be at least 50 words long. Since 2018, this requirement applies not only to the issue of text analysis, but also to comparative tasks. A natural question arises for future graduates: “What is needed to pass the literature (Unified State Exam)?” Therefore, we will smoothly move on to recommendations.

How to pass the Unified State Exam in literature?

In order to get the most out of testing, firstly, you need to read all the literature that is required to pass the exam. Please note that reading will require a lot of time and effort. We will tell you what literature you need to read to pass the Unified State Exam a little later.

Secondly, bookstores sell a huge number of manuals that guarantee passing the Unified State Exam without much knowledge and effort. You can purchase all these collections, but you shouldn’t expect real success. However, if you solve the problems in these books, it will be much easier for you to answer the questions in the exam.

Thirdly, there is an opinion that an interested and competent teacher is able to teach his student everything necessary to pass the exam. Having asked themselves in advance how to pass the Unified State Exam in literature, students hire tutors.

Fourthly, among schoolchildren and students there are a huge number of rituals and signs that supposedly help them pass exams. In fact, nothing to do with real world These rituals do not exist. But by doing them, perhaps you will feel more confident in the exam.

Alumni Experience

We present to your attention the experience of students of the Faculty of Philology, who give recommendations and explain how to pass the Unified State Exam in Literature. As a rule, on September 1, eleventh graders go to the bookstore and buy a huge number of collections on this subject. Current students are advised to buy collections from previous years, since the structure of test materials does not actually change, and their price is much lower. Many perform tasks as often as some solve crossword puzzles. There are schoolchildren who lack the theoretical basis necessary to write essays. But they make plans where they write out theses. Over time, this becomes a habit that a person uses today while studying at the institute.

Note that many universities often enroll in preparation courses for the Unified State Exam in various subjects. Many people recommend attending these classes. As a rule, you need to attend lectures once a week, which last about two hours. There is a lot of work before the exam: you need to constantly write and read in order to come to class already prepared. In addition, school literature teachers often come to the rescue. Teachers share theoretical materials with graduates, as well as the experience of specialists who check exam papers. Thus, many students pass the exam with a hundred marks.

A few words about the list of fiction

As mentioned above, the list of literature to pass the Unified State Exam in literature is quite large. There is no point in publishing this list, since it is in every exam book. In any case, you need to know ancient Russian literature, as well as texts written in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Need to know and understand school works Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Fet, Nekrasov, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Ostrovsky, Tyutchev, Chekhov, Bunin, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Gorky, Yesenin, Pasternak, Mandelstam, Mayakovsky, Blok, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, Tvardovsky, Solzhenitsyn and other writers , whose texts are included in the list fiction, studied in lessons from grades 5 to 11.

conclusions

At the beginning of this article there was a question about the difficulty of passing the exam. It is not easy to answer, since the concept of complexity is relative. For some children it is difficult to write essays, for others it is difficult to analyze artistic text. In any case, an exam is a test for which you need to prepare conscientiously in order to get the desired result.

Thanks to our article, you now know how to pass the Unified State Exam in literature and what you need to do to get a good result. Remember that teachers checking essays expect graduates to have a conscious understanding of the problem and a clear vision of the author’s position. Also, the certified person must be familiar with genres and literary terms. We wish you success!

There are no changes in the KIM Unified State Examination 2020 in literature.

The Unified State Exam in Literature is chosen by graduates who decide to enroll in humanities faculties. This is a difficult exam, to successfully pass which you need to read a large volume of lyrical and prose works. Therefore, preparation should begin as early as possible, preferably from the beginning of 10th grade.

Exam structure

The examination paper on literature consists of two parts and includes 17 tasks.

Part 1 includes two sets of tasks.

• First complex tasks refers to a fragment of an epic, or lyric epic, or dramatic work: 7 tasks with a short answer (1–7) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences (8, 9).
• Second complex tasks relates to the analysis of a lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (10–14) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5–10 sentences (15, 16). Answers to tasks 1–7 and 10–14 are written according to the samples below in the form of a word, or phrase, or sequence of numbers. Write your answer in the answer field in the text of the work without spaces, commas or other additional characters, and then transfer it to answer form No. 1.

Part 2 includes includes 4 tasks (17.1–17.4), from which you need to choose only ONE and give a detailed, reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on literary theme of at least 200 words.

3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes) are allotted to complete the examination work on literature.

Registration requirements

1. All Unified State Exam forms are filled out in bright black ink.
2. You can use a gel or capillary pen.
3. When completing assignments, you can use a draft.

Entries in the draft, as well as in the text of control measurement materials, are not taken into account when evaluating the work.

Points for literature assignments

• 1 point - for tasks 1-7, 10-14.
• 6 points - 8, 15.
• 10 points - 9, 16.
• 14 points - 17.

Total: 58 points.

The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up.

Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.

Where to start preparing for the Unified State Exam in Literature?

1. Browse for this subject. Highlight the works you have read and theoretical concepts that you fully understand.
2. After that, start studying the rest of the material. Reading will be productive if you consistently study the work of each author. In this case, you will be able to trace changes in works dictated by historical changes.
3. We also recommend keeping a reading diary. In the first one you will write down definitions and terms. For example, what is a refrain, allegory, personification, etc. In your diary, record the plot, names of the characters, and the main idea of ​​the book. These notes will be useful to you in the future, when there is very little time left before the exam.
4. Tables and charts help you understand the material well. They can display the difference in literary genres, the variety of poetic meters and other educational information.

Solving practical problems

• After developing a theoretical basis, start practicing. You can take examples of tests on our website. Answer short answer questions first. This is where your knowledge of terminology and ability to compare will come in handy. literary movements, genres.
• Next, proceed to questions that require a detailed answer. Answer them without distractions, only to the point, you can quote the authors.
• This is followed by writing an essay. This task will require the ability to build a composition consisting of an introduction, a main part and a conclusion. You can work it out regular training. The more you write in preparation for the Unified State Exam in Literature, the more confident you will feel during the exam.

A few words about the essay

Creative assignments are traditionally assessed by an examination committee. The main criteria for assessing essays on literature 2020 are:

• the ability to correctly express thoughts, the presence of a well-founded personal opinion;
• level of knowledge on literary theory;
• depth of understanding of the problem posed;
• consistency and logic of the narrative;
• compliance with all rules of the Russian language.

The maximum score for an essay is 14

What is important for preparation

Everyone individually creates a preparation plan for the exam, but the universal points remain:

• reading fiction (works outside the program, including);
• regularly writing short practice essays;

One of the most common Unified State Examination tasks in literature is to determine the genre and genre specifics. This question can occur in tasks with both epic and dramatic, and lyrical texts.

In literary studies, the problem of defining genre is especially acute. Often classic combines the characteristics of several genre varieties, and most literary theorists generally believe that works of genius are always created at the intersection of genre forms.

IN school curriculum With genres, it’s also not so simple, for example, take “The Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin. What is this in terms of defining a genre? Is this a story, as most textbooks give? Or is it a novel, as given in the Codifier? What is right? What to write in the answer?

In principle, the writers of Unified State Exam assignments in literature are well aware that there are differences in theory, different views, different approaches, so they try to avoid such questions. Sometimes in the answers from the literature we can find variability, i.e. Initially, several correct answers will be included in the program, and we believe that this is correct. Here, for example, is the genre of “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy? Is it a novel, an epic, an epic novel? What to write? It seems that soon these questions will be completely excluded from the Unified State Exam in Literature, leaving only questions with detailed answers.

However, it is still worth knowing the theory of genres, because in detailed answers one of the criteria is the use of terms for analysis.

You can watch a detailed analysis of task No. 2 in the video.

We also provide a short summary for solving task No. 2.

So, the task itself:

2. Indicate the specifics of the genre " The captain's daughter» A.S. Pushkin.
Answer:___________________________.

As we already know from assignment No. 1, “The Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin's work is an epic. Accordingly, we need to know epic genres.

ABSTRACT

Genre- This literary form existence work of art, a variety of the genus. The genre is characterized by certain artistic characteristics, i.e. criteria by which the genre is distinguished. Each genre has its own set of criteria by which it is distinguished from the rest.

Epic genres

The main epic genres are epic, novel, story, story, fable.

Epic (novel-epic)- monumental in form works of national issues (“War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy, “ Quiet Don"M. Sholokhov and others). The epic is characterized big amount characters, the breadth of depiction of the life of the people in a certain historical era, solemn vocabulary and the majestic tone of the narrative.

Novel- this is big epic work, which reflects a wide range of life phenomena, covers the fates of a number of characters. “The Master and Margarita” by M. Bulgakov, “Crime and Punishment” by F. M. Dostoevsky, “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov, etc.

Tale- This is the average epic form. In terms of the scope of events and characters, the story is more than a short story, but less than a novel. For example: “The Captain’s Daughter” by A. S. Pushkin, “The Overcoat” by N. V. Gogol, etc.

Short story (short story, sketch, essay, etc.)- a short epic work telling about one or more events in a person’s life. These are stories from the series “Notes of a Hunter” by I. S. Turgenev, “Thick and Thin” by A. P. Chekhov and others. The story is fiction narrative work small in size, usually in prose. Characters there's not much in it. Not in the story detailed description lives of heroes. Usually the writer depicts the actions and behavior of the characters during some important event. The story takes only a few pages, but readers remember well the characters in the story, the environment in which they live and act.

Fable- a short allegorical story in prose or verse of an instructive nature. I. A. Krylov’s fables “The Monkey and the Glasses,” “The Quartet,” and “The Elephant and the Pug” are widely known. A fable is a short poetic or prose story of a moralizing nature that has an allegorical meaning. Fables consist of a story and a moral conclusion. The moral may be before the story, after it, or even absent (in this case it is implied). Since animals act in the fable, and by them people are meant, personification is used in it (the animals in the fable speak, think, feel). Allegory- translated from Greek - allegory - an image of a person or other object through another person or another object: Fox - a cunning person; A hare, a lamb is a defenseless person; A wolf is an evil, heartless person.

Specifics of epic genres:

Specificity is an additional clarifying distinctive characteristic of the genre. Depending on what is the basis, the characteristics are distinguished:

• Specifics according to artistic method or direction: sentimental story, realistic novel, romantic ballad, classic ode, etc.
• Specificity according to the nature of the content: mystical novel, revolutionary fable, didactic (educational) story, etc.
• Specifics by plot source: historical story, romance, fantastic story etc.

In principle, in relation to the specifics of the genre of “The Captain’s Daughter” by A. S. Pushkin, we can safely say:

“The Captain's Daughter” is a story or novel, and taking into account the specifics based on the source, it is a historical story or historical novel.

In contact with

In 2017, I passed the Unified State Exam in literature with 65 points. On appeal, we managed to knock out only one primary point, which, when transferred to secondary ones, weighed the same. Therefore, in the end my result was only 66 points, which upset me very much.

This year I am pleased with the change in the assessment criteria, and it seems to me that now it has really become clearer what is expected and wanted from you, because last year at the appeal they could not tell me why exactly they reduced some of my points for detailed answers.

My failure

I think many have come across stories of people who know literature very well, but wrote the exam very poorly. Unfortunately, I also know many such examples, one of which is my own. Therefore, now I will tell you from my own experience what this may be caused by.

I failed the literature exam last year and passed with 66 points, which is very low for me, considering that I set myself the bar of 90+. I went through the entire list of literature, with the exception of a few works that were not very important, I carefully sorted everything out, my table was littered with notebooks with written works and tables and notes I had made on everything that was possible. I felt very confident and knew that I was not going empty-headed. I came across an option with works that I knew well, the topics of the essays were also successful, but in the end it all ended in my tears and bad result. Why? Because I’ve never written a full sample and couldn’t keep track of the time!

I started writing the essay about 35-40 minutes before the end of work. Well, not rewriting, but writing! And since I was in a hurry and worried, realizing in advance that I had already failed it, I made a bunch of mistakes: in three sentences I wrote the word “history” 7-9 times, and different meanings, used the same words and figures of speech, the structure of the text was laid out in my head, but in the end I did not have time to finish the penultimate paragraph and did not write a conclusion at all. When we put down our pens, I began to re-read my work and was horrified, but, unfortunately, it was too late to correct anything.

My friend failed the exam because she did not understand the evaluation criteria well; she also knew the material quite well and studied with a tutor. She took the exam two years ago, and then the criteria were very vague and the work was assessed much more subjectively than now. In the Unified State Exam 2018, the criteria were made more clear (you can download a file at this link that contains the codifier, specification and demo version - literature), which I hope will benefit those who will take it this year.

Quite generally a large number people have their work grades reduced due to “factual shortcomings”, “some inaccuracies” and the like, although this is not considered a mistake. Quite a lot of people fail at this: they write Good work without mistakes, and they begin to find fault with them for everything possible, just to lower their points. This is why it is best to write a paper using as many common phrases and the generally accepted opinion about the works. Often people begin to describe the answer too much, and then they stumble - they receive deductions for speech and factual errors and on appeal they only hear “it’s clear that you read and understand, but we can’t raise it for you, because this is not exactly what they are waiting for.” from you in this answer.” One thing is good - now the formulation of the criteria has become much less vague. Mini-conclusion: you need to write not very voluminously, without any special embellishments of speech and as objectively as possible.

Time and mistakes due to haste

As I already mentioned, I screwed up because I didn't have time to write my essay. But I didn’t have time because I spent too much time on drafts, and ended up rewriting for a very long time.

Don't use drafts to write an entire paper on them. Write on them only the plan and keywords that you will use, because otherwise you simply won’t have time to write anything, but you need to not only write, but also check!

Plan

How many times did they repeat at school that it is very useful to write a plan? But many still do not like to devote his time, but he can really speed up the process of writing detailed answers and the essay itself. Although you can do much simpler with detailed answers - just throw in the keywords that you want to use and that help to reveal the topic - and follow them to write a paper.

As for the essay, I think it’s most convenient to first divide it into parts and write down the key words in them too. Then, while writing, the likelihood of repeating the same phrases and words decreases, and a structured thought can be expressed quickly and easily.

How much and for what

It is worth constantly keeping a beacon in your head, reminding you that time is not rubber. In our classroom, we were reminded of the time only five minutes before the end of the exam, so it’s better to keep an eye on it yourself.

I spent a lot of time on detailed answers, which led to a disastrous result. I advise you to spend 5-7 minutes thinking through your answer (writing down the keywords/plan, as I wrote above), and then 15-20 minutes writing it.

You shouldn’t delay the test either, but I think this is already understandable. Now, when I do samples, I first work with the test, and then, just before starting with detailed answers, I read a passage from the prose. Because most often in the test there is nothing related to the passage at all, only to the work as a whole or to the definitions. And if you first read the text and then take the test, then most likely you will have to re-read it again to get a detailed answer. I also often do this with lyrics, first I go through numbers with terms, and only then, when I need to determine what techniques the author used, what size the poem was written in and when answering questions 15 and 16, I read the poem itself.

The test takes on average 15-20 minutes. It seems to me that it is more convenient to check after, but then you need to be sure to leave yourself some time. It turned out that I simply did not immediately transfer everything to the forms, and at the end of the work, during the transfer, I checked myself again.

This leaves about 100-120 minutes for writing and checking. Just 10-15 minutes to plan and you can write calmly, sometimes giving yourself time to think. Because, again, going back to the time of my exam, I wrote almost without thinking due to the fact that I was in a hurry: I just wrote without stopping, and this obviously turned out to be that I simply did not have time to follow the lexical repetitions, actual errors and the construction of the sentence as a whole.

It’s best to finish your essay about 20 minutes before the end so that you have time to re-read everything you’ve written. Because you can’t check detailed answers right away best idea. Instead, it would be preferable to switch thoughts to something else, and then re-read it - this way you can better see the mistakes.

What might surprise you on the exam?

When you sit in class and look at the form that comes your way, you may think that it is a little different from what you expected. Let's find out why.

Lyrics

You may easily come across poems that are not from the codifier, as was the case with me, for example. It’s not that it’s more complicated, it’s just that I’ve been tormented for a long time by the question, why then do you need a codifier and selected authors at all, if you can come across a poem not related to them, and for comparison you can cite works not only from the codifier, but in principle from Russian literature of a certain time.

I came across a poem that I saw for the first time, and for comparison I cited Bunin “I remember a long winter evening”, and everything was fine with me. However, it was a shame that I learned a lot of poems, and in the end I used the one that I knew by heart since the fifth grade.

Detailed answers

Also, the wording of questions for detailed answers may be completely different from those that were in the samples. After all, during training, questions tend to be repeated quite often, but in work anything can come across. But the essence of the question does not depend on the wording! In essence, they are all very monotonous, they simply lend themselves to some kind of “distortion” just to confuse those taking the exam. So there's no need to panic, you just need to think about what it's most like.

For example, in your work you may come across a question about the conflict of heroes, but the wording will be “socio-philosophical disputes”, or “confrontation between noble and vile heroes”. Or in a question about nature there might be something like “how does the hero compare himself to a cedar?”

This is all very simple, but the clarifications can sometimes be confusing. In the end, it is best to reduce everything to a general definition, be it conflict, emotional experiences, the connection between man and nature, and so on.

Test part

I personally was also shocked by the task with quotes. Excerpts of replicas from the story “Ionych” by A.P. were given. Chekhov, and it was necessary to compare them with the characters who pronounced them. Of course, it was necessary to focus on the characteristics of the characters, but since one quote still had to remain superfluous, and it was not possible to highlight key phrases/features of speech everywhere, I could not cope with this task.

Long answer structure

It is very important to pay attention to the speech and the material that is used in the work.

If you are not one hundred percent sure that the quote is used correctly and accurately, then it is better not to write it.

If there is no one hundred percent certainty that this particular hero performed exactly this action, then again it is better not to mention it.

If the name of the hero is poorly remembered, then it is better to call him “the main character” or simply give his characteristics (whose relative he is, what he looks like, who he is by profession, status, and so on).

You also need to watch out for repetitions, tautology, speech errors. For example, I accidentally used the word “story” in three different meanings and because of this I wrote it six times in three or four sentences. And I noticed, unfortunately, already when the exam time was over.

You definitely need to pay attention to how often you use the names of the characters. The use of synonyms will help you with this: not just Bazarov, but a friend of Arkady Kirsanov, a nihilist; not just Natasha Rostova, but a sister, daughter, lover, Tolstoy’s favorite heroine (one of) and so on.

It is also necessary to diversify the work with synonyms in the case of verbs. You should not use only “the author described” and “the author showed”; there are a lot of words that can replace such formulations, and somewhere it’s generally better to construct a sentence differently, otherwise it turns out very monotonous and ugly.

Your opinion

This, of course, is very sad, but under no circumstances should you write your opinion. As I have already written several times, it is best to reduce everything to objectivity.

During the exam, no one cares what you think about certain topics. Inspectors need to see your knowledge theory and material. Therefore, you cannot use any “I think”, “I believe”, “In my opinion” and so on, which is what we are taught, on the contrary, when preparing for the Unified State Exam in Russian. Therefore, summing up such an intermediate result, I advise you to refresh your memory of the structure from time to time writing and criteria for detailed answers.

I hope my advice will help you avoid my mistakes and write the Unified State Examination in literature with a good score. The main thing is to always remember about time and the fact that none of the assessors are interested in looking at your excellent writing skills. There are criteria - you need to meet them. You shouldn’t think that passing the exam well is a sky-high and impossible goal, you just need to know which way is best to approach it. Take your time, learn clichés and don’t be scared if you suddenly receive a form asking for an analysis of works that you see for the first time.