Population federal districts Russia 2017 A table of the population of federal districts of Russia is presented as of January 1, 2017 and as of January 1, 2016 according to Rosstat data dated July 31, 2017 on the population of the Russian Federation by municipalities.
The Central Federal District is the largest federal district in Russia. The population of the Central Federal District in 2017 is 39,209,582 people. Next is the Volga Federal District with a population of 29,636,574 people. The population of the Siberian Federal District is 19,326,196 people.
List of federal districts of Russia ordered in descending order of population.

Population by federal districts as of 01/01/2017 and 01/01/2016 with data on general, natural and migration growth.

In total, there are 8 federal districts in Russia: Central, Volga, Siberian, Southern, Northwestern, Ural, North Caucasian and Far Eastern. From 2014 to 2016, the Crimean Federal District existed, then it was included in the Southern Federal District.

In federal districts, the largest population increase in 2016 (as of January 1, 2017) was observed in the Central Federal District - by 105,263 people. Next is the Southern Federal District with an increase of 60,509 people and the North Caucasus Federal District with an increase of 57,769 people.

The largest decline was recorded in the Volga Federal District by 37,070 people. Also, at the end of 2016, a decrease of 12,290 people was recorded in the Far Eastern Federal District.

The largest natural population increase was recorded in the North Caucasus Federal District by 78,560 people.
The largest natural population decline was recorded in the Central Federal District by 71,020 people.
At the same time, the Central Federal District has the largest absolute decline and the largest migration increase.

Population by federal districts as of 01/01/2016 (preliminary estimate) and average for 2015

IN modern conditions Participation in the world economy and international geographical division is possible not only at the state level. Subjects of the Russian Federation can independently enter into agreements with other countries and regions of the world. The Far Eastern Federal District, which is actively integrating into the economy of the Asia-Pacific region, already has such experience.

Russian regions occupy a special place in foreign trade relations of Belarus. Agreements and treaties have been signed and are in force with 60 constituent entities of the Russian Federation! The main trading partners are Moscow (34% of trade turnover between Russia and Belarus), Tyumen region, St. Petersburg, Moscow region.

In this regard, it is necessary to know not only the specialization of Russia in the world economy, but also the specialization of its individual regions. Let's consider the geographic specifics of the regions of Russia within the federal districts, which were organized by the Decree of the President of Russia of May 13, 2000 in order to increase the efficiency of the activities of federal government bodies. As a result, all subjects of the Russian Federation were grouped into seven federal districts(Fig. 32). Plenipotentiary representatives of the President of Russia have been appointed to each of them.

Rice. 32. Administrative-territorial division of the Russian Federation. Federal districts

List of subjects of the Russian Federation by federal districts and their centers

1. Central Federal District: Belgorod region, Bryansk region. Vladimir region, Voronezh region, Ivanovo region, Kaluga region, Kostroma region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Moscow region, Oryol region, Ryazan region, Smolensk region, Tambov region, Tver region. Tula region, Yaroslavl region, Moscow. The center of the federal district is Moscow.

2.Northwestern Federal District: Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk region, Vologda Region, Kaliningrad region, Leningrad region, Murmansk region, Novgorod region, Pskov region, St. Petersburg, Nenets Autonomous District.

The center of the federal district is St. Petersburg.

3. Southern Federal District: Republic of Adygea (Adygea), Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Republic of Kalmykia, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Krasnodar region, Stavropol region, Astrakhan region, Volgograd region, Rostov region.

The center of the federal district is Rostov-on-Don.

4. Volga Federal District: Republic of Bashkortostan, Republic of Mari El, Republic of Mordovia, Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan), Udmurt Republic, Chuvash Republic- Chavash Republic, Kirov region, Nizhny Novgorod region, Orenburg region, Penza region, Samara region, Saratov region, Ulyanovsk region, Perm region.

Center of the Federal District - city Nizhny Novgorod.

5. Ural federal district: Kurgan region, Sverdlovsk region, Tyumen region, Chelyabinsk region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is Yekaterinburg.

6. Siberian Federal District: Republic of Altai, Republic of Buryatia, Republic of Tyva, Republic of Khakassia, Altai region, Krasnoyarsk region, Irkutsk region, Kemerovo region, Novosibirsk region. Omsk region. Tomsk region, Chita region, Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is Novosibirsk.

7. Far Eastern Federal District: Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk region, Amur Region, Kamchatka Territory, Magadan Region, Sakhalin Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the federal district is Khabarovsk.

Russia is the largest state in the world. This status determines the specifics of its political organization. Thus, the highest authorities decided to organize the governance of the country through the establishment of federal districts. The corresponding model of political structure is to some extent unique from the point of view of world practice. How many federal districts are there in Russia? What is their list?

What is a "federal district"?

The Federal District is an administrative and political unit provided for by the system government structure Russia. The territory of the Russian Federation is divided into federal subjects. Those, in turn, are united into districts based on a number of geographical, ethno-cultural, social and political characteristics. The relevant administrative and political units are led by authorized representatives of the President of Russia.

List of federal districts

How many federal districts are there in Russia? Now there are 9 of them. Among them:

• Central;
• Northwestern;
• Privolzhsky;
• Ural;
• Siberian;
• Far Eastern;
• Southern;
• North Caucasian;
• Crimean.

It is worth noting that the North Caucasus District appeared only in 2010. Crimean - in 2014. We now know how many federal districts there are in Russia. Let us now take a closer look at their key characteristics.

Characteristics of federal districts: Central Federal District

Let's start with the Central Federal District. The authorized representative office is the highest executive body of the administrative-territorial unit in question, located in Moscow. Among the most important economic characteristics of the Central Federal District is the presence of large volumes of natural resources, especially iron ores, phosphorites, bauxites, and cement raw materials. Another one important feature, which distinguishes the Central Federal District, Russia has key financial centers here. The main ones, of course, are located in Moscow.

The Central Federal District has developed high-tech industry, including in the mechanical engineering segment. Plays an important role in the structure of the economy of the Central Federal District chemical industry- especially in such segments as production mineral fertilizers and products of organic synthesis. Resins, plastics, tires, and dyes are produced here. IN sufficiently The printing and confectionery segments are also developed.

The administrative and political structure of the Central Federal District is represented by the regions: Belgorod, Bryansk, Vladimir, Voronezh, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma, Kursk, Lipetsk, Moscow, Oryol.

Northwestern Federal District

The federal districts of Russia include the Northwestern. The authorized representative office of the Northwestern Federal District is located in St. Petersburg. In economic terms, the Northwestern Federal District can be considered one of the most developed in Russia. Both manufacturing and raw materials industries are developed here. The Northwestern Federal District is also characterized by a highly developed transport infrastructure. How many federal districts are there in Russia with a comparable level of road development? It’s difficult to say, since the experience of the Northwestern Federal District in this sense is completely unique.

One of the factors stimulating the growth of the economy of the Northwestern Federal District is its proximity to European countries - Finland, the Baltic countries, Poland (if we talk about the Kaliningrad region). The Northwestern Federal District is characterized by enormous human resources potential. Specialists of various profiles are trained at universities in St. Petersburg and other cities, and all of them receive the highest qualifications. The Northwestern Federal District also contains significant amounts of natural resources.

The structure of the Northwestern Federal District includes the following regions: Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Kaliningrad, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskov. It is part of the Northwestern Federal District and the republics: Karelia, Komi.

Southern Federal District

The list of federal districts of Russia includes the Southern Federal District. Its specificity lies in its unique warm climate, which is largely uncharacteristic of the rest of Russia. The Southern Federal District of Russia is a national health resort. The region is home to completely unique thermal springs, mountain springs and artesian wells. There are the largest reserves of tungsten, non-ferrous metals, and coal.

After the North Caucasus Federal District was separated from the Southern Federal District in 2010, the structure of the region includes the following regions: Astrakhan and Volgograd. The Southern Federal District includes the following republics: Adygea and Kalmykia. The structure of the Southern Federal District includes the Krasnodar Territory. The region is considered one of the most promising in terms of investment in tourism.

Volga Federal District

Relatively small in area - about 7.27% of the total territory of Russia, the Volga Federal District plays a vital economic and political role in the development of the country. Thus, the share of industry in the economic system of the region is about 23.9%. This is one of the highest indicators among all federal districts of the Russian Federation.

The industry of the Volga Federal District is represented by mechanical engineering, fuel and energy complex, agriculture, chemical and light industry. In the administrative and political structure of the Volga Federal District there are many republics: Udmurt, Chuvash, Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Mari El, Mordovia. The Volga Federal District has three regions: Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, and Orenburg.

Ural Federal District

How many federal districts in Russia are located in the European part? IN this moment- 7. Among them is the Ural Federal District. The authorized representative office of the Ural Federal District is located in Yekaterinburg. The region under consideration is characterized by a unique geography. It is located on the border between Europe and Asia and has significant natural resources and climate.

The leading sectors of the region's economy are oil and gas production, as well as the mining industry. There are significant reserves of iron, non-ferrous and precious metals. The Ural Federal District is characterized by many experts as one of the self-sufficient ones in terms of provision with resources and necessary technologies.

The structure of the Ural Federal District includes the following regions: Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk. The Ural Federal District also includes the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Siberian Federal District

How many federal districts in Russia are located in Asia? There are 2 of them. Among them is the Siberian Federal District.

Siberia is a huge Russian region, which is one of the key regions in terms of transport communications. This is understandable: it is through Siberian roads that cargo flows between European and Asian Russia. Local highways are also of great international importance. Siberia is one of the most economically developed and promising regions of Russia. There are reserves of almost all the resources necessary for the economy.

The structure of the Siberian Federal District includes the following republics: Buryatia, Altai, Tyva, Khakassia. The Siberian Federal District includes the following regions: Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Omsk. The structure of the Siberian Federal District includes the following territories: Altai, Krasnoyarsk.

Far Eastern Federal District

Another federal district of the Russian Federation located in Asia is the Far Eastern. It is the largest in area, occupying about 36% of the state’s territory. Characterized by huge potential in terms of economic development. It has significant volumes of natural resources, in particular reserves of coal, oil, gas, and metals.

The Far Eastern Federal District includes the following regions: Amur, Kamchatka, Magadan. In the structure of the Far Eastern Federal District there are regions: Primorsky, Khabarovsk. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is included in the Far Eastern Federal District.

North Caucasus Federal District

The North Caucasus Federal District was formed on January 19, 2010 through separation from the structure of the Southern Federal District. It is characterized by a small area - about 1% of the state's territory. The Southern Federal District unites the subjects of the Russian Federation, characterized by significant cultural and socio-economic proximity.

The North Caucasian Federal District includes the republics: Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia-Alania, Chechnya. The structure of the North Caucasus Federal District includes the Stavropol Territory. The city of Pyatigorsk located in it is the center of the North Caucasus Federal District. The residence of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation for the North Caucasian Federal District is located in Essentuki.

Crimean Federal District

In March 2014, Crimea became part of Russia. Soon after this, the Crimean Federal District was formed. There are 2 subjects in its structure. These are, in fact, the Republic of Crimea, as well as Sevastopol, which has the status of a city of federal significance of the Russian Federation, as well as Moscow and St. Petersburg.

Crimea is one of the most important cultural, historical and tourist centers of Russia. This region is characterized by significant potential not only in the field of tourism, but also in terms of industrial development, Agriculture and other industries. At the level of federal legislation of the Russian Federation, tax preferences have been established for businesses operating in Crimea. Programs have been adopted aimed at stimulating intensive economic development of the region.

In a number of states, the federal district is an administrative-territorial unit, and the capital of the federation is located on its territory. In Argentina, for example, this territorial unit is called the Federal Capital District, in Australia - the capital territory. The district can be part of the federation on an equal basis with other subjects, or it can be part of it.

Federal districts of Russia

In 2000, 7 federal districts were formed in the Russian Federation (city centers are indicated in brackets), and later two more were formed:

1. Central (Moscow).
2. North-West (St. Petersburg).
3. Volga Federal District (Nizhny Novgorod).
4. Uralsky (Ekaterinburg).
5. North Caucasian (Pyatigorsk district).
6. Far Eastern (Khabarovsk).
7. Siberian Federal District (Novosibirsk).
8. Crimean (Simferopol).
9. Southern Federal District (Rostov-on-Don).

Each of them is headed by a representative of the President of the Russian Federation. It is worth noting that the district does not affect the constitutional territorial division of the country and is a tool for strengthening the vertical of power. 7 districts were created by decree of President V.V. Putin No. 849 of May 13, 2000, two more were later added. In general, the number and composition of federal districts may change due to geographical convenience and political changes. The district is as convenient for the authorities as possible. However, it cannot be said that it will remain like this in the future.

In essence, the district is a macro-region, which was created by analogy with a military district or economic region. Each of them has a specific city center - the representative of the president and his apparatus of supervisory and governing bodies are located there.

Almost all federal districts consist of edges and regions. The only exception is the North Caucasus District, which includes national republics. By the way, it is here that the center city (Pyatigorsk district) is not an administrative center or a city.

Necessity

The development of the Russian economy is very closely connected with the historical, natural and regional characteristics of this country. There is a huge territory and large reserves of natural resources, most of which may still remain unexplored. Consequently, the role of centralized control of power has always been high. In addition to the borders and the center, it is also necessary to have control cells throughout the country. Considering very a large number of regions, as well as their desire to expand sovereignty, which weakens power, it was decided to create separate regional control centers that would be led directly by Moscow.

Arbitrariness of the regions

The state is not only a geographical space with clearly defined boundaries where citizens work and live. First of all, these are laws, discipline and order. It is unacceptable when legal acts adopted in the regions contradict the basic law of the country, and the constitutions of the republics generally diverge from it; border pillars and trade barriers are established between regions and territories. This can have serious consequences. Of course, it was necessary to take some action, because it was impossible to monitor 89 regions from the capital. Such a decision seems especially relevant, since some regions generally introduced their own decrees and orders, which could contradict not only federal laws, but also the Constitution. Consequently, after the collapse of the USSR, there were practically no effective tools for managing remote regions in Russia. Controllability was close to zero.

It is also worth taking into account interethnic conflicts and aggressive plans of foreign countries to fragment and break economic ties between remote regions and central ones. As a result, the question has arisen about creating a new form of government at the federal level. Thus, in large administrative-territorial entities (in federal districts), authorized representatives of state power appeared, which does not contradict the Constitution.

From the history

Governing Russia's vast territory has always been difficult. Even with Russian Empire The emperor had problems with controlling the processes taking place in the state. As a result, attempts were made to implement reforms. Thus, already under Peter the Great the country was divided into provinces, each of which had a governor. But even then, some regions were larger in area than many European states, so even with the introduction of a new level of management it was difficult to maintain power. It required division into smaller provinces, which ultimately made it possible for the center to quickly and effectively manage even remote regions. But even then there was no clear chain of command.

The current division of Russia into federal districts is just one of the stages in history when the government is trying to create convenient management of the regions by introducing its direct representatives in large urban centers. And there is nothing fundamentally new in this.

Modernity

On May 13, 2000, the Decree of President Putin “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District” was issued. This made it possible to increase the efficiency of government bodies.

The federal districts of the Russian Federation are of extremely important national importance. They are intended to solve national problems, and also “cement” the economic and political space. They represent the basic structures on which federal centers rely in their relations with the territories. So, now we understand that this is the federal district.

Representative functions

It is worth noting that no constitutional powers are provided for the President’s representative in the Federal District. He is simply an employee of the Presidential Administration and his representative. Regardless of which federal district a representative represents, his functions are as follows:

1. Coordination and control of the activities of federal executive authorities (within their district).
2. Cooperation with interregional associations and development of economic and social development regions.
3. Organization of effective interaction between executive authorities and representatives of local government, public and religious groups, political parties and government authorities.
4. Participation in the activities of state authorities and local self-government.
5. Monitoring the implementation of laws, orders and decrees of the President, Government resolutions, and the implementation of federal programs.

Naturally, all these functions are assigned to a representative who can act only within the territorial boundaries of the district. That is, a representative of the Central Federal District can only cooperate with a representative of another district, but he cannot take direct part in the life of his region.

There are often contradictions between the regions and the center, but thanks to the division of the country into districts, the severity of these contradictions has significantly decreased.

What are these federal districts in simple words?

To very broadly generalize, the country was divided into 9 large pieces in order to ensure more convenient and efficient management of the regions. Each “piece” is a federal district, which has its own center ( Big City). In this city there is a representative of the President with his own structure, whose task is to monitor the implementation of the decrees of the President and orders of the Government. In theory, this ensures more efficient implementation of Moscow’s decrees by the regions, and also contributes to the growth of social and economic development, although each individual resident is unlikely to be able to experience the work of the new apparatus.

Flaws

Some experts believe that dividing into federal districts is a way to make the President more accessible to citizens. And although this required the introduction of an additional link, this helped a little, since there had previously been no representative of the President in the regions.

On the other hand, such an innovation requires additional government expenditures, since the maintenance of representatives in the districts and their apparatus requires funding. Another important marker is the fact that the results of dividing the country into regions are not widely advertised, which is why many citizens still do not understand why such a division was carried out. This also gives rise to certain thoughts about the ineffectiveness of implementing such an idea.

Finally

Still, most experts argue that the current three-level control system is quite effective. Thanks to her, the center gained the ability to manage remote regions, which was not the case before. Today in the Russian Federation there are 9 federal districts, although quite recently there were 7. So one cannot assume for the future that their number will not be changed again, and their composition will not be revised. All existing 9 divisions are subordinate to the representative of the president and at the moment this management system is completely satisfactory for the authorities.

Federal District of Russia is an economic region senior management, which is a large territorial production complex that combines industries of market specialization with industries that complement the territorial complex and infrastructure.

Federal districts of Russia (Russian Federation) were created in accordance with the Decree of Russian President V.V. Putin No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District” dated May 13, 2000.
In accordance with this Decree, all subjects of the Russian Federation (regions of Russia) are united into eight federal districts: Northwestern Federal District, Central Federal District, Volga Federal District, Southern Federal District, North Caucasus Federal District, Ural Federal District, Siberian Federal District , Far Eastern Federal District. Each of the eight existing federal districts has an administrative center.
In accordance with Federal Law"About general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation" dated October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ; regions of Russia include urban districts and municipal areas.

A municipal district is a collection of several urban or rural settlements or settlements and inter-settlement areas united by a common territory.

An urban district is an urban settlement that is not part of a municipal district.

Russian Federation (Russia)- the largest state in the world by area. The year of foundation of Russia is considered to be 862 (the beginning of Russian statehood). The area of ​​the Russian Federation is 17.1 million km2, and is divided into 83 federal subjects in eight federal districts, including 46 regions, 21 republics, 9 territories, 1 autonomous region, 4 autonomous districts and 2 federal cities.

Federal districts of Russia: Central Federal District, North Caucasus Federal District, Northwestern Federal District, Ural Federal District, Southern Federal District, Siberian Federal District, Volga Federal District, Far Eastern Federal District.

Central Federal District in Russia.

Central Federal District. The administrative center of the federal district is the city of Moscow.

Central Federal District (CFD)- established on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District.” The territory of the district is 650.3 thousand square meters. km. (3.8%) of the territory of Russia and ranks first in Russia in terms of population. The Central Federal District is located in the central part of the East European Plain, its administrative center is the city of Moscow.
The Central Federal District consists of 18 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Northwestern Federal District in Russia.

NORTHWESTERN Federal District. Area 1,677,900 sq. km. The administrative center of the district is the city of St. Petersburg.

Northwestern Federal District (NWFD)– established on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District.” The North-Western region is located in the north and north-west of the European part of the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The center of the Northwestern Federal District is the city of St. Petersburg.
The Northwestern Federal District consists of 11 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Southern Federal District in Russia.

Southern Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Rostov-on-Don.

Southern Federal District (SFD)– formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin dated May 13, 2000 No. 849, the composition of the Southern Federal District was changed on January 19, 2010 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia D.A. Medvedev No. 82 "On amendments to the list of federal districts approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 13, 2000 No. 849, and to Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2008 No. 724 "Issues of the system and structure of federal executive bodies" .
Since its formation on May 13, 2000, the district was called “North Caucasian”; by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1149 of June 21, 2000, it was renamed “Southern”.
The Southern Federal District is located in the southern part of European Russia, in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The center of the Southern Federal District is the city of Rostov-on-Don.
The Southern Federal District consists of 13 constituent entities of the Russian Federation

By Decree of Russian President V.V. Putin dated July 28, 2016 No. 375, the Crimean Federal District was abolished, and its constituent entities - the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol - were included in the Southern Federal District.

Volga Federal District in Russia.

Volga Federal District. The administrative center of the district is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.

Volga Federal District (VFD)– formed on May 13, 2000 in accordance with the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District.” The Volga Federal District occupies the central and eastern part of the European part of Russia. The center of the Volga Federal District is the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
The Volga Federal District consists of 14 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Ural Federal District in Russia.

Ural federal district. The administrative center of the district is the city of Yekaterinburg.

Ural Federal District (Ural Federal District)– established on May 13, 2000 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 “On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Federal District.” The center of the Ural Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg.
The Ural Federal District consists of 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.