Fryderyk Franciszek CHOPIN

Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. Gained worldwide fame thanks to "Funeral March". Famous Polish composer and virtuoso pianist.

Born on March 1, 1809 in the village of Zhelyazova-Wola, near Warsaw. Already in his childhood, Chopin showed extraordinary musical abilities. He was surrounded special attention and care. Like Mozart, he amazed those around him with his musical “obsession” and inexhaustible imagination in improvisations. His sensitivity and musical impressionability manifested themselves vigorously and unusually. He could cry while listening to music, jump up at night to pick out a memorable melody or chord on the piano.

Chopin's artistic activity began in 1829. He performs in Vienna and Krakow, performing his works. Returning to Warsaw, he left it forever in 1830. This separation from his homeland was the cause of his constant hidden grief - longing for his homeland.

Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. It was a complete success. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely quickly.

In 1837, Chopin experienced his first attack of lung disease. The connection with Georges Sand coincides with this time.

A ten-year cohabitation with George Sand, full of moral trials, greatly undermined Chopin’s health, and the break with her in 1847 deprived him of the opportunity to relax in Nohant. Wanting to leave Paris for a change of scenery and expand his circle of acquaintances, Chopin went to London in April 1848 to give concerts and teach.

This turned out to be his last journey. Success, a nervous, stressful life, the damp British climate, and most importantly, a periodically worsening chronic lung disease - all this completely undermined his strength.

Everyone mourned deeply for Chopin music world. Thousands of fans of his work gathered at his funeral. According to the wishes of the deceased, at his funeral the most famous artists of that time performed the “Requiem” of Mozart, the composer whom Chopin valued above all others.

At the Père Lachaise cemetery, Chopin's ashes rest between the graves of Cherubini and Bellini. Chopin's heart was, according to his will, sent to Warsaw, where it was walled up in a column of the Church of the Holy Cross.

In polonaises and ballads, Chopin talks about his country, Poland, the beauty of its landscapes and tragic past. TO the best works Chopin's etudes can be considered: in them an amazing poetic world is revealed to the listener. The most intimate, “autobiographical” genre in Chopin’s work is his waltzes.

Chopin - the founder of Polish musical classics. This is a romantic composer, but a special romantic. All his work is connected with Poland, its folklore and history. His life was tragic. It (life) is, as it were, divided into 2 parts. He lived for the first 20 years in Poland (until 1831), and then was forced to leave Poland forever. For the rest of his life, Chopin lived in Paris, homesick for his homeland. There are 2 features of his work: 1) The homeland acquired the meaning of unattainable for him romantic ideal, a dream he had pined for all his life. Chopin is a lyricist composer. 2) Romantic impulses, yearnings in his music are always combined with clear logic and refinement of form. Chopin always rejected unbridledness, pretentiousness and exaggeration. He couldn't stand the numbing effects. Liszt said: Chopin cannot stand excesses and unbridledness. Chopin loved Bach and Mozart. Chopin's music is distinguished by artistry, spirituality, and subtlety. He didn't like Beethoven.

Chopin was born near Warsaw in Zelazowa Wola in a very cultural family. Father is a former Kosciuszko army officer. My father worked at the Warsaw Lyceum. Mother was very musical. Chopin showed an affinity for the piano very early on. He gave his first concert at the age of 8. 1st piano teacher – Vojtech Zivny. He instilled in the boy a love for the classics. At the age of 13 he entered his father's lyceum. He studied Polish literature, aesthetics, and history. During his lyceum years, Chopin wrote poetry, plays, and drew well (especially caricatures). He had congenital tuberculosis. Music life in Warsaw was quite intense and lively. Operas by Polish composers, as well as Rossini, Mozart, and others were staged. Chopin heard Paganini, Hummel (pianist). Hummel influenced early piano style. There were various musical circles in Warsaw. Chopin performed in them.

Gg. Study at the Main School of Music (Conservatory). He took a composition class with Elsner. Chopin began composing early (even before the conservatory). He wrote polonaises and waltzes.

Early creativity 1st group of works: The main works are concert, virtuosic and somewhat complex, lush, for piano and orchestra. 2nd group: miniatures – waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises. The highest achievement of this period is 2 piano concertos. In 1828, Chopin went on a concert trip abroad for the first time. Was in Berlin, Vienna, Prague and Dresden. In 1830, he and his friends planned a new concert trip. In the autumn he went to Vienna and then to Paris. At this time, an uprising was brewing in Prague, which Chopin ardently supported. On the way to Paris - in the city of Stuttgart, he learned about the defeat of the uprising. It shocked him. He was eager to return to his homeland, but his friends held him back. After this, Chopin's work changed. An unprecedented drama appeared. He wrote a stormy sketch - C-moll, which he called Revolutionary (this sketch was written there - in Stuttgart). The impression of the defeat of the uprising was then expressed in other works (1st ballad, preludes in a minor and d minor).

30-40 years Main period creativity. Paris has become cultural center Europe. All the celebrities flocked there: Balzac, Stendhal, Hugo, Merimee, Musset, Delacroix (the artist who painted the only portrait of Chopin), Heine, Mickiewicz, Liszt, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini, etc. There were famous opera singers: Pasta, Malibran, Viardot, and also there were: Berlioz, Aubert, Halévy. Virtuoso pianists performed in Paris: Kalkbrenner, Thalberg, as well as Paganini. In Paris, Chopin became close to the Poles. Joined the Polish Literary Society. First of all, Chopin conquered Paris as a pianist. He had the finest sound. Chopin was very weak, so his F was perceived as an i. He conveyed the subtlety of color very well. He had amazing rubato. Subsequently, Chopin performed little in concerts. He played mainly for his Polish friends.

Gg. Years of romance with Polish Maria Wodzinska. Her parents did not allow them to get married. After Chopin's death, a bundle of letters with Maria was found.

Gg. Years of marriage with the writer Georges Sand (pseudonym). She wore men's suits, smoked a pipe, and was similar in character and mentality to a man. They didn't get married. George Sand had 2 children (not with Chopin). Years of the dawn of creativity. George Sand introduced Chopin to the best people Paris. In winter, Chopin gave private lessons, and in the summer he lived on the money he earned and was engaged in creativity. In 1838, Chopin and George Sand traveled to the island of Majorca. There was a romantic atmosphere that inspired his 2nd ballad, polonaise and 3rd scherzo.

Until 1838, Chopin wrote almost exclusively miniatures: mazurkas, etudes, polonaises, waltzes, nocturnes. Large form in the period before 1838 – 1st ballad, 1st and 2nd scherzo. After 38, Chopin showed a desire for dramatic and large genres: ballads 2, 3 and 4, sonatas in b-moll and h-moll, fantasy in f-moll, polonaise-fantasy, 3 and 4 scherzos. Even the miniatures become dramatic and large (nocturne in C minor, polonaise As major). In 1847 - break with Georges Sand. The remaining years are a gradual decline in creativity. In 1848, Chopin went on tour to London. There he gave lessons and performed a little in salons. The last time I performed was at the Polish ball. Chopin died of tuberculosis in the arms of his sister. Mozart's requiem was performed at the funeral. According to Chopin's will, his heart was transported to Warsaw. From the mid-40s. New trends appeared in his work: calm contemplation, bright harmony. Musical language is more complex. More polyphonic techniques appear. Multi-layered melody. Harmony is achromatized. This is where the path to musical empressionism begins (Debussy and others). This is embodied in his Lullaby.

Mazurkas For Chopin, mazurkas are a symbol of the Motherland. His last works are mazurkas. The significance of this genre is comparable in significance to the song in Schubert. These are small piano miniatures, in which Chopin came into closest contact with Polish folklore, with the sound of a folk ensemble. He expressed in mazurkas character traits its varieties: Masur, Oberek, Kujawiak. His mazurkas can be divided into village mazurkas (3, E major), ballroom or Schlissetskie (5) and lyrical mazurkas. Chopin called the mazurkas icons.

3 – E-dur. Bagpipes, violin and double bass are depicted. Village. 5 – B major. Spectacular, with big leaps. middle part in b-moll. Reproduces the modes and intonations of the double harmonic mode. 6 – a-moll. Lyrical. 10 – B major. Ballroom. 13 – a-moll. A striking example of a lyrical mazurka. Singing harmony. 14 – g-moll. Lyrical. 15 – C major. Village. Depicts a folk ensemble. The 3rd theme uses Lydian F-dur (with B becar). Variation of melody (like folk improvisation). 32 – cis-moll. Since the mid-30s, mazurkas have become more complex and dramatized. This mazurka is a prime example. The presentation in it does not look like a mazurka. It's polyphonic. No dancing. 3-part form. At the end there is a tragic, mournful climax. This is a recitative. 34 – C major. Village. Lydian C major. 47 – a-moll. Lyrical.

Polonaises Compared to mazurkas, this is a larger genre. In his polonaises, Chopin recreates the heroic spirit of Poland's past. Much more virtuosity, large chord technique, coverage of extreme registers, often the piano sounds like an orchestra. Polonaises are full of bright contrasts. They also contain graphic moments reminiscent of battle scenes. Almost all polonaises are written in complex 3-part forms.

A major. Complex 3-part form. The middle section is similar to the sound of brass instruments in an orchestra. C-mol. Gloomy tragic character. Mourning tone. Complex 3-part form. Fis-moll. Composite form. It is based on a complex 3-part form with an introduction. In this polonaise there is a battle episode (2nd section) with horse racing - A major. In the middle there is a mazurka (Chopin often has a mazurka in the middle of different genres). Later, polonaises become similar to ballads and symphonic poems.

Slide 2

Frederic Francois Chopin

Born March 1, 1810, village of Zhelazova-Wola, near Warsaw - October 17, 1849, Paris) - Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.

Slide 3

Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work.

Slide 4

Youth

After graduating from college and completing his seven-year studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Joseph Elsner.

The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the Chetvertinsky princes brought Chopin into high society, who was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners.

Slide 5

Artistic activity

In 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna and Krakow, performing his works.

Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. It was a complete success. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely quickly.

Slide 6

Creation

Never - neither before nor after Chopin - was born in his homeland, Poland musical genius this level. His work is almost entirely pianistic. Although Chopin's rare gift as a composer could have made him a remarkable symphonist, his delicate, introverted nature was content with the chamber genre - except, of course, for his two remarkable piano concertos.

Slide 7

Memory

Chopin is one of the main composers in the repertoire of many pianists. Recordings of his works appear in the catalogs of major record companies. Since 1927, it has been held in Warsaw international competition pianists named after Chopin. Among the winners of the competition is the famous Polish pianist H. Sztompka, who was a fan of the work. A crater on Mercury was named in honor of Chopin.

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Music has no country; her fatherland is the whole universe. F. Chopin

The presentation was prepared by a student of grade 7 "B"

MBOU Skosh No. 36

Voronchikhin Mikhail

“Chopin in music is the same as Pushkin in poetry...” L. Tolstoy

FREDERICK CHOPIN

Fryderyk François Chopin is a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.

• Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art.

• He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, made dances more poetic - mazurka, polonaise, waltz.

Works:

• Mazurkas (58)
• Polonaises (16)
• Nocturnes (21 in total)
• Waltzes (17)
• Preludes (25 in total)
• Impromptu (4 in total)
• Sketches (total 27)
• Scherzo (total 4)
• Ballads (4 in total)
• Piano sonatas (3 in total)

Biography of Chopin

• Chopin, Fryderyk (1810-1849), Poland

• Chopin was born on March 1, 1810 near Warsaw. First he studied at the Music Lyceum, and then at the Main School of Music. Chopin's talent as a performer and composer manifested itself very early. At the age of 7, Chopin's first work (Polonaise in G minor for piano) was published, and at the age of 8, Fryderyk was already playing on stage as a pianist. From the age of 13, Chopin traveled extensively with performances throughout Poland, and he also visited Berlin and Vienna.

Interesting facts from the life of Chopin

• This boy is crazy!

• Little Chopin, when sitting down at the piano, would certainly extinguish the candles and play in complete darkness. He became very fond of certain chords that his childhood fingers could not yet play. In order to stretch his fingers, the boy came up with a special device that caused quite severe pain. Despite this, the young pianist wore it constantly, not taking it off even at night. Sometimes little Chopin would jump up at night and play a few chords on the piano. The servants were completely convinced that the poor boy had gone mad. At the age of ten, Chopin composed a march dedicated to the Grand Duke Constantine, which was published, although without the name of the author, and was even performed several times by a military orchestra.

who composed the dog waltz?

• George Sand had a dog that she loved to play with. Once, while fiddling with a dog, George Sand said:
• - If I had talent, I would certainly compose some work in honor of this dog.
• The desire of the beloved is the law. And Chopin composed a wonderful waltz (opus No. 64), which Chopin’s friends and students, knowing to whom the waltz was dedicated, called it: “Waltz of the Little Dog.”

• In 1934, the Chopin University was founded in Warsaw, which was later transformed into the Chopin Society. Chopin.
• A crater on Mercury is named after Chopin.
• In 1960 it was released Postage Stamp USSR, dedicated to Chopin.
• In 2001, Okęcie/Okęcie Airport (Warsaw) was named after Frédéric Chopin.
• On March 1, 2010, the Frederic Chopin Museum was opened in Warsaw after reconstruction and modernization. This event is dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of the famous Polish composer and musician.

Shanova Anastasia is a 7th grade student.

I would like to present to your attention one of the works of my student Anastasia Shanova, text music presentation on the topic "Life and creative path Polish composer Frederic Chopin.

the main objective: formation musical culture as part of the hormonal development of the child’s personality;

Target:mastering music and knowledge about music, its intonation-figurative nature, genre and stylistic diversity, features musical language, musical folklore, classical heritage and contemporary creativity domestic and foreign composers, about the impact of music on humans, about its relationship with other forms of art and life.

Upbringing:sustainable interest in the music and musical art of one’s own people and other peoples of the world; the need for independent communication with highly artistic music and musical self-education; listening and performing culture of students.

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Frederic Chopin

The composer's father, Nicolas Chopin (1771-1844), in 1806 married Skarbkov's distant relative, Justyna Krzyzanowska (1782-1861). According to surviving evidence, the composer’s mother received a good education, owned French, was extremely musical, played the piano well, had in a beautiful voice. Frederic owes his mother the first musical impressions, instilled from infancy with a love of folk melodies. In the autumn of 1810, some time after the birth of his son, Nicolas Chopin moved to Warsaw. At the Warsaw Lyceum, thanks to the patronage of the Skarbkovs, for whom he was a tutor, he received a place after the death of the teacher, Pan Maheu. Chopin was a French teacher and German languages And French literature, ran a boarding school for lyceum students. Family

Family estate

Childhood Already in his childhood, Chopin showed extraordinary musical abilities. He was surrounded by special attention and care. Like Mozart, he amazed those around him with his musical “obsession,” his inexhaustible imagination in improvisations, and his innate pianism. His sensitivity and musical impressionability manifested themselves vigorously and unusually. He could cry while listening to music, jump up at night to pick out a memorable melody or chord on the piano. In its January issue for 1818, one of the Warsaw newspapers published a few lines about the first musical play, composed by the composer, students still in primary school. “The author of this “Polonaise,” the newspaper wrote, “is a student who is not yet 8 years old. This is a true genius of music, with the greatest ease and exceptional taste. Performing the most difficult piano pieces and composing dances and variations that delight connoisseurs and connoisseurs

Youth After graduating from college and completing his seven-year studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Joseph Elsner. The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the Chetvertinsky princes brought Chopin into high society, which was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners. Here is what Franz Liszt said about this: “The general impression of his personality was quite calm, harmonious and, it seemed, did not require additions in any comments. Chopin's blue eyes shone with more intelligence than they were clouded with thoughtfulness; his soft and subtle smile never turned bitter or sarcastic. The subtlety and transparency of his complexion captivated everyone; he had curly blond hair, a slightly rounded nose; he was small in stature, fragile, thin in build. His manners were refined and varied; the voice is a little tired, often muffled. His manners were full of such decency, they had such a stamp of blood aristocracy that he was involuntarily greeted and received like a prince... Chopin brought into society that evenness of spirit of people who are not bothered by worries, who do not know the word “boredom”, who are not attached to no interests. Chopin was usually cheerful; his caustic mind quickly found the funny even in such manifestations that not everyone notices.” Trips to Berlin, Dresden, Prague, where he attended concerts of outstanding musicians, contributed to his development.

Chopin House Museum in Warsaw

In 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna and Krakow, performing his works. Returning to Warsaw, he left it forever on November 5, 1830. This separation from his homeland was the cause of his constant hidden grief - longing for his homeland. Added to this at the end of the thirties was his love for George Sand, which gave him more grief than happiness in addition to parting with his fiancée. Having passed Dresden, Vienna, Munich, he arrived in Paris in 1831. Along the way, Chopin wrote a diary (the so-called Stuttgart Diary) reflecting his state of mind during his stay in Stuttgart, where he was overcome by despair over the collapse of the Polish Uprising. During this period, Chopin wrote his famous “Revolutionary Etude”. Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. It was a complete success. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely quickly. There were composers who did not recognize his talent, such as Kalkbrenner and John Field. In 1837, Chopin felt the first attack of lung disease (according to the latest data - cystic fibrosis).

Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work. Enriched the harmony and piano texture; combined classical form with melodic richness and imagination. Among Chopin's works are 2 concertos (1829, 1830), 3 sonatas (1828-1844), fantasy (1841), 4 ballads (1835-1842), 4 scherzos (1832-1842), impromptu, nocturnes, etudes, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, preludes and other works for piano; songs. His piano performance combined depth and sincerity of feelings with grace and technical perfection. In polonaises and ballads, Chopin talks about his country, Poland, the beauty of its landscapes and tragic past. In these works he uses best features folk epic. At the same time, Chopin is extremely original. His music is distinguished by its bold imagery and never suffers from whimsicality. After Beethoven, classicism gave way to romanticism, and Chopin became one of the main representatives of this trend in music. If reflection is felt somewhere in his work, it is probably in the sonatas, which does not prevent them from being high examples of the genre. Often Chopin reaches the heights of tragedy, as, for example, in the funeral march in the sonata op. 35, or appears as a wonderful lyricist, as, for example, in Larghetto from the second piano concerto.

Chopin's heart

Thank you for your attention!