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How to organize the import of goods to Russia and make good money on it. The meaning of the word import What is import definition

Often, when upgrading a phone or tablet, you need to import contacts to the new gadget. This procedure is also relevant if you need to make a database backup.

You can copy information either using a personal computer or without it. It is recommended that you immediately activate the appropriate type of Google or Apple mobile account on your device immediately after purchasing your device. Then enable data backup to a cloud service. This will allow you to quickly copy the database in case of loss or need to update the device without unnecessary hassle. For older devices, the method of synchronizing data using a personal computer is suitable.

Import using PC

The computer's hard drive is used as data storage. The resulting file is then transferred to the new device. To transfer your contact list, do the following:

Connect your old phone via a USB cable to your personal computer. You may need to enable the USB debugging feature on your device in the Settings section. New models perform this procedure by default.
Save the information in VCF or CSV file format to disk. The list is stored in the Phonebook folder. If the phone does not support importing and exporting contacts in a given format, then you need to install a specialized program, such as Mobedit or similar, on your personal computer. It will quickly find the desired file and save it in the optimal extension to the target folder.
Connect the new device with a cable and replace the file with contacts on it. After the replacement, you need to restart the phone and check whether all the information was copied in the correct form.

In order not to search for a file in the phone's memory, you can use specialized software that will automatically make all the settings after the user selects the type of operation.

Transferring contacts through the phone functionality

There are several alternative ways to import contacts. The most commonly used options are:

Use your Google or Apple account to synchronize your database across multiple devices. To do this, you need to go to your phone's mail and use the import function in the application menu. The phone book will be copied to the account database. After connecting a new device through the account management manager, you can synchronize data in its user database.
Sending by email. You can simply send yourself a file with your contact database in CSV format, and then access this mailbox from another device. After downloading the information, update it on your new phone.
Using bluetooth. You need to turn on both devices, go to the bluetooth menu, find the device of interest in the list and distribute a file with the necessary information to it. After that, export the phone book using the received data.

If other methods do not work, you can try saving the user list to your phone's SIM card, and then insert it into a new device and synchronize the information. If there is a lot of data, this procedure will have to be performed several times, sequentially saving blocks of transferred data to the card. In a similar way, you can use an SD card for this procedure, selecting its memory as storage.

Import (from Latin importo) - import into the country of goods, works, services, results of intellectual activity, etc. to the customs territory of the country from abroad without debts for return export.

Imports (in economic theory) are the expenses of individuals, firms and governments to purchase goods and services produced in other countries.

The import country is the country of origin of the product, while the export country is the destination country of the product.

Re-import is the import of goods that were previously exported but not processed.

Import - bringing into the country foreign:

* goods and technologies for sale on the domestic market or transit to third countries;
* services - in the form of paid use of the services of foreign companies;
* capital - in the form of loans and credits.

Indirect import - import of components of trade items or semi-finished products used in imported machinery and equipment. Parallel import Arbitrage, in which the importer buys a product in one country and sells it in another, where prices are higher.

Imports are calculated on the basis of CIF prices (CIF - acquisition cost, insurance, freight), i.e. it includes price, insurance, freight, in connection with which the price of world exports will always be less than the cost of imports by the amount of the insurance premium, freight of the vessel for transportation, etc. port taxes.

Typically, imports are an important subject of government regulation. Such regulation can be implemented through the following trade policy instruments: specific and ad valorem duties, technical barriers, quotas, “voluntary” export restrictions, establishing minimum import prices, etc. Import restrictions are simply introduced for protectionist purposes (to protect national producers from competition). Import taxes can also be imposed for fiscal purposes (treasury replenishment).

The degree of import regulation depends on the chosen type of trade policy of the state (Liberal policy - Protectionism).

The volume of imports depends on the size of export earnings and foreign exchange reserves of the country. The fact of import is emphasized by customs statistics. Import acts as a result of the international division of labor, helps to save time and better meet the needs of the national economy. There are visible and invisible imports. Imports are regulated by national legislation, political and legal restrictions, customs tariffs, licensing systems and other non-tariff measures of foreign economic regulation.

Import - import from abroad of goods, technology and capital for sale and application in the domestic market of the importing country; receipt of paid production or consumer services from foreign partners. As a consequence of the international division of labor, imports help save time and better meet the needs of the national economy and population. The volume, structure and range of imports are related to the scale of the national economy, its provision with various resources, and the level of production and scientific and technical development. The volume of imports also depends on the size of export earnings and foreign exchange reserves of the country. The fact of import is recorded by customs statistics, mostly on CIF terms. In the context of the increasing role of cooperative, industrial and scientific-technical cooperation, the import of goods (raw materials, semi-finished products, components and parts) for processing in a given country and subsequent export abroad, as well as the import of goods of domestic origin that have been processed abroad, is increasing. Finally, the object of import is goods temporarily imported (for exhibitions, markets, public auctions). Imports of production and consumer services, particularly in the form of tourism, are becoming increasingly important.

There are two main types of imports: imports of industrial and consumer goods, and imports of intermediate products (raw materials) and services.

Foreign companies importing goods and services into the country's domestic market strive to ensure that their quality is as high as possible, while the price is lower than that of products of domestic companies.

At the same time, foreign manufacturers strive to import into the country those types of products that for some reason are not available on the local market.

Currently, there are three main types of importers: 1) those searching for products all over the world for the purpose of importing and selling them on the domestic market; 2) engaged in searching for external suppliers in order to obtain products at the cheapest price; 3) using foreign suppliers as one of the links in their commodity supply chain.

Direct import refers to a type of trade importation involving a responsible distributor and a foreign manufacturer. This usually happens in the following way: the distributor (retail company) purchases products designed by local companies that can be manufactured abroad.

Under a direct import program, a distributor bypasses a local supplier (colloquially known as a middleman) to purchase the final product directly from the manufacturer, saving where possible on additional costs.

This type of commercial activity has emerged relatively recently and follows current trends in the global economy.

Import development

The concept of import comes from Latin. The verb "importo" literally translates as the import of products into a country's port. The ancient Greeks and Romans actively developed partnerships with neighboring lands. Every day, several ships left the port with food and other provisions for sale or exchange. The principle “you give me I give you” was the most effective. This is how precious stones, silk and other strange things came to the Moscow Principality. The modern interpretation of the term “import” contains economic overtones, but the main meaning has been preserved.

The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

The meaning of the word import

import in the crossword dictionary

Economic dictionary of terms

(from English import, from Latin importare - to import) import

import into the country from abroad of foreign goods, technology, capital, and services.

Dictionary of financial terms

IMPORT

import from abroad of goods, technology and capital for sale and application in the domestic market of the importing country; receipt of paid production or consumer services from foreign partners. Being the result of the international division of labor, IMPORT helps save time and better meet the needs of the national economy and population. The volume, structure and range of IMPORTS are related to the scale of the national economy, its provision with various resources, the level of production and scientific and technical development. The volume of IMPORT also depends on the size of export earnings and foreign exchange reserves of the country. The fact of IMPORT is recorded by customs statistics, mostly on CIF terms. In the context of the increasing role of cooperative, industrial and scientific-technical cooperation, the IMPORT of goods (raw materials, semi-finished products, components and parts) for processing in a given country and subsequent export abroad, as well as the IMPORT of goods of domestic origin that have been processed abroad, is increasing. Finally, the object of IMPORT is goods temporarily imported (for exhibitions, fairs, auctions). IMPORT of production and consumer services, particularly in the form of tourism, is becoming increasingly important. Data on the volumes, dynamics and structure of world IMPORTS are systematically published in the UN statistical monthly "Monthly Bulletin of Statistics".

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

import

import, m. (English import) (economy). Import from abroad; opposite export. Reduce imports of luxury goods.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

import

Import of goods, capital, technology from abroad; opposite export. Ya machines. I. grains.

collected Goods and products imported from abroad (colloquial).

adj. imported, -aya, -oe.

import

іР, -а, m. (special). A person or organization that imports something. Countries are importers of raw materials.

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

import

IMPORT (from Latin importo - I import) the import of goods into the country from abroad.

Large legal dictionary

import

(from the Latin importare - to import) - according to the definition of the Federal Law “On State Regulation of Foreign Trade Activities” of July 7, 1995 “import of goods, work, services, results of intellectual activity, including exclusive rights to them, into the customs territory Russian Federation from abroad without the obligation to re-export. The fact of import is recorded at the moment the goods cross the customs border of the Russian Federation, receive services and rights to the results of intellectual activity." The Labor Code of the Russian Federation uses the term “release of goods for free circulation” to designate the customs regime of goods.

Import

(English import, from Latin importo ≈ I import), import of goods from abroad for their sale in the domestic market of the importing country; opposite to export of goods ≈ export. See Foreign Trade.

Wikipedia

Import

Import (values)

Import :

Import- importation into the country of goods, works, services, results of intellectual activity, etc. into the customs territory of the country from abroad without obligations for return export.
Import data in computer terminology - adding data, inserting data from external sources into the current file / document / database.

Examples of the use of the word import in literature.

Second, I argued that selective protectionist measures aimed at blocking import, are unlikely to be effective in solving the problems of the EEC.

During the transition to NME, as a result of destabilization of the consumer market and leaching import, the abundance of shop windows that irritates the majority of the population will be replaced by the leveling state of the meager domestic assortment.

With the devaluation of the ruble, which resulted in an overvalued dollar exchange rate against the ruble, the volume of non-obligatory import in Russia.

USA in the production of fertilizers by 1.5 times, tractors by 5 times, grain harvesters by 16 times, and dependence on import American grain prices continued to increase.

As a result of various measures, significant savings were also achieved in the turnaround time of ships, and reducing this period by at least one day gave us an extra quarter of a million tons annually import.

An important characteristic feature of the current stage of development of the world market for military equipment and military equipment is that potential importers, taking into account its reduction and the presence of increased activity on the part of exporters who are experiencing problems with selling their products for the national armed forces and are trying to sell them abroad by all means, are beginning to carry out more selective and demanding policies import weapons.

Since 1995, as a result of excess volume import over exports, Thailand maintained a significant balance of payments deficit.

By putting forward the task of actively using foreign economic activity to accelerate our development, we mean step by step to carry out a restructuring of the structure of foreign trade turnover, to give exports and import more efficient character.

We were just unloading a wagon of Lithuanian pork in excellent jute packaging, sealed with duty stamps import to Germany.

In practice, public in form and private in content import liberal financial system, covering up the obvious political and economic goals of foreign exporters, usually leads to such financial stabilization, behind which real economic imbalances grow, public and private debts accumulate.

Domestic demand has frozen import fell sharply, but export volumes did not increase, since a large share of exported goods was sent to countries also affected by the crisis.

If a saving of 15 days were achieved, then in itself it would be equivalent to 5 million tons import or would save 1250 thousand tons of tonnage of ships on which imports are delivered.

For three months, until September inclusive, weekly import averaged about one million tons, that is, increased by about 80 thousand tons per week.

Previously, virtually all foreign trade was Soviet exports and import- was concentrated in the hands of a small number of all-Union foreign trade associations, within which one company or almost two or three people resolved all issues of the sale or purchase of a certain range of commercial products.

The United States actually did not receive a significant volume of trade goods import from developing countries.

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Essay

in the discipline of foreign economic activity

on the topic: “The concept of import, features of customs clearance”

Introduction

The main task of the state in the field of foreign trade is to assist the export of domestic products and protect the domestic market from foreign suppliers.

However, without the active use of imports, it is impossible to form and support the country's export specialization. Import, being a natural element of the foreign trade strategy, should ensure increased competition in the domestic market. Internal competition, even if it takes place on the Russian market, is underdeveloped and inactive due to the high degree of concentration of production that is characteristic of Russia, which only strengthens the monopoly position of most enterprises.

In accordance with the law “On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Foreign Trade Activities,” the following methods of state regulation of foreign trade activities are used in the Russian Federation: non-tariff and customs-tariff.

The use of these methods is in accordance with global practice. However, the use of purely economic measures to regulate foreign trade, firstly, does not always give the desired positive result, and, secondly, economic measures do not equally affect the supply of goods to the country by large and small firms, thereby initially putting them at risk unequal conditions. Therefore, in most countries, along with economic measures, administrative measures to regulate foreign trade are also widely used, directly limiting the import and export of goods, protecting the domestic market both from excessive imports and from the possibility of a shortage of domestic goods.

Import concept

Imports (in economic theory) are the expenses of individuals, firms and governments to purchase goods and services produced in other countries.

The import country is the country of origin of the product, while the export country is the destination country of the product.

Re-import is the import of goods that were previously exported but not processed.

Import - bringing into the country foreign:

* goods and technologies for sale on the domestic market or transit to third countries;

* services - in the form of paid use of the services of foreign companies;

* capital - in the form of loans and credits.

The margin of value volumes of exports and imports forms the trade balance. The sum of exports and imports is trade turnover.

The degree of import regulation depends on the chosen type of trade policy of the state (Liberal policy - Protectionism).

Licensing of import of goods

The main task of the state in the field of foreign trade and industrial activity is to facilitate the export of domestic products and protect the domestic market from foreign suppliers.

However, without the active use of imports, it is impossible to form and support the country's export specialization. Import, being a natural element of the foreign trade strategy, should ensure increased competition in the domestic market. Internal competition, even if it takes place on the Russian market, is underdeveloped and inactive due to the high degree of concentration of production that is characteristic of the Russian Federation, which only strengthens the monopoly position of most enterprises.

The use of these methods is in accordance with global practice. However, the pure application of economic measures to regulate foreign trade activities, firstly, does not always give the desired positive result, and, secondly, economic measures do not equally affect the supply of goods to the country by large and small firms, thereby initially affecting their in unequal conditions. Therefore, in most countries, along with economic measures, administrative measures to regulate foreign commerce are also widely used, directly limiting the import and export of goods, protecting the domestic market both from excessive import supplies and from the possibility of a shortage of domestic goods.

In the conditions of unstable development of the Russian economy, a shortage of certain goods in the domestic market, along with customs tariff means, non-tariff regulation methods are used, primarily licensing the import of certain goods.

Licensing, being one of the forms of non-tariff regulation of foreign trade activities, allows the state to actively intervene in the formation of the volume, commodity and geographical structure of trade and economic activities of those involved in foreign trade activities. Licensing of foreign sales can pursue two purposes: protecting national interests not related or indirectly related to the economy (security, environment, cultural heritage, etc.), and protecting the national market from disruptive imports.

Customs clearance of imports

Customs clearance of imports is an important part of foreign economic operations associated with the movement of cargo across the state border. This is a mandatory procedure for all cargo crossing the customs border of the Russian Federation and the Customs Union.

Customs clearance of imports is a complex process; it includes interaction with customs authorities, the formation of a set of documents, and the payment of duties and taxes. Customs clearance of imports begins after the cargo arrives in the customs territory of the Customs Union and a corresponding notification is submitted to the customs authority. Customs clearance of imports involves compliance with all formalities prescribed in customs legislation in relation to imported goods.

Customs clearance of imports takes place in several stages:

Registration of a subject of foreign trade activities with the customs authorities, after which the company becomes a full participant;

Determination of the product code according to the trade nomenclature of foreign trade activities;

Customs valuation of goods;

Certification and licensing;

Providing a transaction passport and a foreign trade contract - the main documents for customs clearance of imports;

Calculation and payment of customs duties, fees, taxes, license fees and other payments provided for each specific group of goods. In this case, the registration depends on the level of the tariff, which may include more than one type of duty: combined, special and ad valorem;

Written approval from OKTO and release of goods into free circulation.

Upon completion of customs clearance of imports, the client receives goods legally imported into the territory of the Russian Federation and all the necessary documents: invoices, certificates for services provided to you, a check for writing off customs duties, warehouse statements, DT (declaration of goods) and DTS (declaration of customs value).

Features of import customs clearance

Features of import customs clearance depend on:

* type of goods moved across the customs border: goods subject to rapid deterioration, fissile and radioactive materials, live animals, goods subject to export control (dual-use goods), precious stones and precious metals, etc.;

* the type of transport that was used to move goods across the customs border (air transport, sea (river) transport, road transport, railway transport, power lines and pipeline transport);

If you start preparing the necessary package of documents in advance, then customs clearance of imports can take place in the shortest possible time. For proper customs clearance of imports, it is necessary to start with transport documents, elaboration of contract documents and resolution of non-tariff regulation issues at the stage of discussing the terms of the foreign trade contract with the counterparty. It is advisable, and in some cases simply necessary, to involve customs clearance specialists in this discussion; this is the only way to avoid possible losses (both money and time) due to ignorance of the specifics of customs clearance of imports.

Proper organization of customs clearance of imports by highly qualified specialists in customs and international law will provide new opportunities for your business. In carrying out customs clearance of imports, which allows us to provide constructive recommendations to our clients at all stages of delivery and transportation of goods.

Documents and information for customs clearance upon import

According to Order of the Federal Customs Service of Russia dated April 25, 2007 No. 536 “On approval of the list of documents and information required for customs clearance of goods in accordance with the selected customs regime,” when customs clearance of goods the declarant submits the following documents and information:

a) documents confirming the authority of persons to carry out customs operations;

b) a customs declaration in the form of a cargo customs declaration (CCD), filled out in accordance with the rules for filling out a CCD when declaring foreign goods imported into the customs territory of the Russian Federation and (or) released for free circulation, and (or) in other forms .

Order of the Federal Customs Service dated November 1, 2006 No. 1087 approved the form of the customs declaration for a car (vehicle) and the procedure for filling it out.

c) documents in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, confirming the legal capacity of persons, information about which is indicated in the customs declaration, to carry out activities on the territory of the Russian Federation (such documents may include: constituent documents, accreditation certificate of a branch or representative office of a foreign legal entity, passport , certificate of state registration of a legal entity or certificate of state registration of an individual as an individual entrepreneur);

d) documents in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, indicating the registration of persons, information about which is indicated in the customs declaration, with the tax authorities;

e) declaration of customs value, except for cases where legal acts do not provide for its completion, documents confirming the declared information on customs value in accordance with Appendix No. 1 to this List of documents and information necessary for customs clearance of goods in accordance with the selected customs regime (hereinafter - List);

f) commercial documents (invoice (invoice), pro forma invoice (pro forma invoice) for the contract, other commercial and settlement documents, including a cash register or sales receipt for the purchase of goods in a retail network, documents confirming settlements using as a means of payment for securities - depending on the terms of settlement and others);

The concept of commercial documents for customs purposes is given in Art. 11 of the Customs Code:

“29) commercial documents - invoice (invoice), shipping and packing lists and other documents that are used in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, the legislation of the Russian Federation or business customs when carrying out foreign trade and other activities and which, by force of law, Agreements between the parties or business customs are used to confirm the completion of transactions related to the movement of goods across the customs border, unless otherwise follows from this Code.”

g) an agreement (including additions, agreements to it related to the declared goods) or an extract from the agreement, provided that it contains information necessary for customs clearance, if the movement of goods across the customs border of the Russian Federation or a change in the customs regime is carried out on the basis agreements, and in the case of unilateral foreign economic transactions - documents expressing the content of such transactions;

h) transaction passport/barter transaction passport, drawn up in the prescribed manner, in the case when the movement of goods across the customs border of the Russian Federation or a change in their customs regime is carried out on the basis of an agreement, which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation the requirement for their registration applies;

i) documents issued by the authorized body confirming the specifics of currency transactions when the movement of goods across the customs border of the Russian Federation or a change in their customs regime is carried out on the basis of an agreement, which, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, is not subject to the requirement on issuing a transaction passport/barter transaction passport:

* written confirmation of an organization authorized by the Ministry of Finance of Russia to inform customs authorities about agreements concluded and paid for using loans from the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD);

* written confirmation of an authorized bank maintaining a credit account in accordance with an international agreement with the participation of the Russian Federation, when supplying goods under a state loan or to repay a state loan, indicating the account number and currency code;

j) documents prepared and issued by credit institutions, including bank account statements; other documents confirming the completion of currency transactions related to the movement of declared goods across the customs border of the Russian Federation if these currency transactions were completed before the day the declarant submitted the customs declaration;

k) summary statements generated on the basis of outgoing or incoming cash orders for the total amount of currency moved during the period - when declaring currency moved across the customs border of the Russian Federation in connection with trade on board aircraft, using a periodic customs declaration;

l) documents confirming the right to receive tariff preferences or preferential taxation that do not arise from the content or conditions of the customs regime declared in the customs declaration, if in relation to the declared goods in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and (or) international treaties of the Russian Federation when they are moved through the customs border of the Russian Federation, benefits are provided for the payment of customs duties;

m) a preliminary decision on the classification of goods in accordance with the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of Russia, if available;

o) a preliminary decision on the origin of the goods from a specific country, if available;

o) permits, licenses, certificates, acts and (or) other documents issued by authorized bodies (hereinafter referred to as permits), if such permits are documents in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation, legislation of the Russian Federation, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation necessary to place goods under the selected customs regime, in accordance with Appendix No. 2 to this List;

p) payment documents confirming payment of customs duties;

c) documents confirming the provision of security for the payment of customs duties and taxes in cases established by Article 337 of the Customs Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the provision of other guarantees for the proper performance of duties in cases established by the customs legislation of the Russian Federation;

r) transport (transportation) documents on which the international transportation of goods or transportation of goods under customs control is carried out (or was carried out), except for cases when the goods (when the customs regime changes or ends) do not cross the state border of the Russian Federation;

The concept of transport documents for customs purposes is given in Art. 11 of the Customs Code:

“28) transport (shipment) documents - bill of lading, invoice or other documents confirming the existence and content of the contract for the carriage of goods and accompanying goods, and vehicles for international transport.”

s) notification of maximum retail prices for tobacco products imported into the customs territory of the Russian Federation, the presentation of which is provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on taxes and fees;

t) confirmation of recording of information on the volume of turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products in the Unified State Automated Information System for recording the volume of production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products in cases established by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the production and turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products;

x) licenses provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation on the production and circulation of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products;

v) permission from the customs authority to place goods under the selected customs regime, if in accordance with the customs legislation of the Russian Federation, legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the Federal Customs Service of Russia, permission from the customs authority to place goods under the selected customs regime is issued in the form of a separate document;

h) previous customs declaration (customs declaration or other document used as a customs declaration), if the previously selected customs regime for goods is changed (ended);

x) other documents and information not included in this list, the presentation of which to customs authorities is required in accordance with other regulatory legal acts of the Federal Customs Service of Russia;

y) other documents and information that the person deems necessary to submit for the purpose of placing goods under the selected customs regime;

e) a list of documents attached to the customs declaration;

y) documents requested by the customs authority in writing for the release of goods in accordance with the chosen customs regime (including those necessary for customs authorities to carry out customs control over the correct classification of goods in accordance with the Commodity Nomenclature of Foreign Economic Activity of Russia, determine the country of origin of goods, confirm compliance with prohibitions and restrictions established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on state regulation of foreign trade activities, and compliance with exclusive rights to intellectual property).

List of documents to confirm information on customs value declared when declaring goods imported into the customs territory of the Russian Federation

1. When declaring goods imported (imported) into the customs territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the chosen customs regime, depending on the method used for determining the customs value, the declarant submits documents to confirm the declared information on the customs value, if such documents are not presented in accordance with subparagraphs “a” - “g”, “e” - “t”, “ts” - “ych” of paragraph 1 of the List:

a) when determining the customs value using the method based on the transaction value of imported goods:

bank payment documents (if the invoice is paid depending on the terms of the foreign trade contract), as well as other payment documents reflecting the cost of the goods;

foreign trade purchase and sale agreement (paid supply agreement), current annexes, additions and amendments to it; invoice (invoice);

insurance documents depending on the terms of the transaction established by the contract;

constituent documents of the declarant;

contracts, invoices (invoices), proforma invoices, accounting documents, customs declarations issued by the customs authorities of the Russian Federation for the export of goods (if the goods were supplied from the Russian Federation) and other documents on the cost of goods and services provided by the buyer free of charge or at a reduced rate prices for use in connection with the production and sale for export to the Russian Federation of imported (imported) goods, if the provision of such goods and services is provided for by a foreign trade transaction and their cost is not included in the price actually paid or payable; license agreement, invoice, bank payment documents, accounting and other documents containing information about payments for the use of intellectual property that relate to imported goods (if these payments are provided for by the terms of sale of imported goods);

contract for transportation (a contract of transport expedition, if such an agreement was concluded), loading, unloading or reloading of goods, an invoice (invoice) for transportation (transportation), loading, unloading or reloading of goods or accounting documents reflecting the cost of transportation (if the transportation of goods carried out by the declarant's own transport) - in cases where transport costs to the airport, port or other place of arrival of goods into the customs territory of the Russian Federation were not included in the price actually paid or payable, or deductions were claimed from the price actually paid or payable expenses for transportation (transportation) of goods after their arrival in the customs territory of the Russian Federation; quotes from world exchanges if a commodity is imported;

agreement on the provision of intermediary services (agency agreement, commission agreement, agreement on the provision of brokerage services), invoices (invoices), bank payment documents for the provision of intermediary services, depending on the terms of the transaction established by the agreement;

contracts, invoices, bank payment documents on the cost of containers, packaging, including the cost of packaging materials and packaging work, if these costs were incurred by the buyer, but were not included in the price actually paid or payable for the imported goods (if provided for) terms of a foreign trade transaction);

documents (including accounting) and information containing data on the amount of income that is directly or indirectly due to the seller as a result of subsequent sale, disposal in another way or use of imported goods (if this is provided for by the terms of the foreign trade transaction);

other documents and information that the declarant may submit in support of the declared customs value.

List of documents and information required for customs clearance of goods in accordance with the selected customs regime when importing goods into the customs territory of the Russian Federation, the submission of which is provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as international treaties of the Russian Federation

1. When declaring goods imported (imported) into the customs territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the chosen customs regime, in order to confirm compliance with the prohibitions and restrictions established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, the following types of documents are presented:

a) licenses:

license issued by FSTEC of Russia;

license issued by the FSMTC of Russia;

license issued by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia;

b) permissions:

permission to import certain types of goods, issued by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia when monitoring the import of certain types of goods;

permission issued by the authorities of the state communications supervision system for the import of radio-electronic equipment (high-frequency devices);

permission issued by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs for the import of civilian and service weapons and ammunition for them;

a permit issued by the CITES administrative authorities for the import of CITES objects;

permission issued by the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs for the movement of explosive materials for industrial purposes during transit by road, sea and river transport;

permission issued by Rosselkhoznadzor for the import of a specific batch of medicines used in veterinary medicine for clinical trials, registration, re-registration;

permission issued by Rosselkhoznadzor for the import of a specific batch of medicines used in veterinary medicine for the development, research and control of the quality, effectiveness, safety of medicines by research institutions, institutes, laboratories;

permission issued by Roszdravnadzor for the import of medicines for the development, research and control of the quality, effectiveness, safety of medicines by research institutions, institutes, laboratories;

permission issued by Rosselkhoznadzor for the import of a specific batch of medicines used in veterinary medicine intended for humanitarian purposes;

permission issued by Roszdravnadzor for the import of unregistered medicines for clinical trials, registration, re-registration;

permission issued by Roszdravnadzor for the import of medicines intended for humanitarian purposes;

c) certificates:

certificate of approval of the type of measuring instrument, confirming the implementation of state control (supervision) over compliance with the mandatory requirements of state standards and technical regulations;

certificate for the import of rough natural diamonds (Kimberley Process certificate);

certificate of conformity (vehicle type approval), confirming the implementation of state control (supervision) over compliance with the mandatory requirements of state standards and technical regulations;

quality certificate confirming the quality of grain and its processed products;

d) evidence:

certificate of state registration issued by Rospotrebnadzor authorities, confirming the implementation of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision;

certificate of special registration with the assay supervision authorities;

veterinary certificate confirming the implementation of state veterinary control (supervision), issued upon import of goods;

e) conclusions:

sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued by Rospotrebnadzor authorities, confirming the implementation of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision;

a conclusion (decision) issued by an authorized federal executive body regarding the classification of declared goods as not subject to prohibitions and restrictions established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on state regulation of foreign trade activities;

conclusion of the State Commission for Testing and Protection of Selection Achievements;

e) letters:

a letter from Rostekhregulirovaniya or a body authorized by it, confirming the implementation of state control (supervision) over compliance with the mandatory requirements of state standards and technical regulations;

a letter issued by Rosselkhoznadzor for the import of pesticide samples for registration testing;

a letter issued by the certification body when importing samples for certification purposes;

g) confirmation that the imported goods are classified as narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, potent and toxic substances;

h) approval for the import into the Russian Federation of products that have been certified and permitted for circulation on the territory of the Russian Federation, structurally similar to weapons;

act of state quarantine phytosanitary control issued upon import of goods;

act of state control of precious metals and precious stones, issued by state controllers of the Ministry of Finance of Russia;

j) declaration of compliance of imported goods with the requirements of technical regulations;

k) military pass;

m) documents confirming the legality of the use of intellectual property in the event that the goods placed under the selected customs regime contain intellectual property that are subject to protection by customs authorities in accordance with the established procedure.

Conclusion

import goods customs licensing

For the Russian Federation, imports are also a competitor for national producers, allowing them not only to obtain information about the latest production solutions, but also forcing national producers to use these innovations. It follows from this that by providing all economic entities with freedom of choice between national and foreign sources of satisfying their needs, imports should be organizationally accessible and economically rational both for the foreign trade operator itself and in relation to all spheres of the Russian economy.

Currently, international practice is moving towards eliminating administrative instruments for regulating foreign trade activities. Prospects for the development of licensing of imports of goods depend on the outcome of negotiations on Russia’s accession to the WTO, because The World Trade Organization does not advocate the use of non-tariff measures, and the use of tariff regulatory measures is recognized as the main instrument for regulating foreign trade.

In the future, it is also possible that new categories of goods will emerge, the import of which will be regulated by quantitative restrictions. This is caused by the need to protect the national commodity producer from foreign competitors. For example, since one of the requirements of the negotiation process for Russia’s accession to the WTO is the reduction of tariff barriers to the import of goods from the automotive, aviation, and metallurgical industries into the Russian Federation, licensing as a measure of non-tariff regulation can be actively used to protect the domestic market of similar goods. In the future, goods from the least competitive sectors of Russian industry will be subject to licensing.

List of used literature

1. Constitution of the Russian Federation.

2. Customs Code of the Russian Federation.

3. Order of the Federal Customs Service of Russia dated April 25, 2007 No. 536 “On approval of the list of documents and information required for customs clearance of goods in accordance with the selected customs regime.”

4. Article-by-article commentary to the Customs Code of the Russian Federation. Ed. Gueva A.N. M.: Delo, 2006.

5. Harutyunyan G.V. Legal regulation of customs payments. - M.: Jurisprudence, 2000.

6. Borisov K.G. International customs law. Tutorial. Ed. 2nd. M. "RUDN University", 2001

7. Gabrichidze B.N. Customs law. Textbook for universities. 5th edition. "Dashkov and K", 2004

8. Kilyashanov I.Sh. Customs law. Textbook for universities. Moscow. UNITY, 2004

9. Kosarenko N.N. Customs law of Russia. Tutorial. M. "Phoenix", 2005

10. Kurnoskina O.G. Customs law. Questions and answers. M. "PressYurLit", 2005

11. Rassolov M.M. Customs law: Textbook, M. UNITY, 2005

12. Timoshenko I.V. Customs law of Russia. - Rostov N/A: “Phoenix”, 2001.

13. Khalipov S.V., Customs law. Textbook. M.Zertsalo-M, 2004

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What characterizes the import of goods to Russia?

The import of goods should be understood as a process characterized by the import into a country of products produced outside its borders (in another country) for the purpose of domestic consumption, subsequent sale of the imported goods or its re-import.

A company intending to expand its interests and engage in foreign economic activity always strives to think through the optimal scheme for importing goods to Russia, which will take into account its material benefits and, no less important, time costs.

However, importing goods into Russia is a rather complex procedure and is very different from similar activities, for example, in the European Union. Despite this, many European and American companies are showing genuine interest in the issue of importing their goods into the territory of Russia and the countries of the Customs Union.

The Russian Federation's accession to the World Trade Organization has had a positive impact on imports of products from foreign countries. In particular, there was a reduction in customs duties on many types of goods, which made the Russian market more attractive for foreign companies. But the customs control procedures themselves remain very confusing.

The procedure for importing imported products into Russia is regulated by the Customs and Tax Codes of the Russian Federation. All imported goods are subject to taxes: customs duties, excise duty, VAT (value added tax) and other types of customs duties are collected. The fees are paid by the importer (declarant) or the importer's authorized representative, whose authority is to represent the interests of the importer at the time the cargo crosses the border and is confirmed by relevant documents.

Import of goods to Russia in 2016 in numbers

According to statistics provided by the customs service, imports of goods into Russia in 2015 for 10 months exceeded import volumes for the same period in 2016 (through October inclusive) by only 1%. Over the 10 months of 2016, goods totaling $131.5 billion were imported into Russia. This fact indicates a gradual recovery in import levels.

Hopes that the investment pause will soon end are supported by an increase in the number of machinery and equipment imported from abroad. This will only become possible if the rapid fall of the ruble can be avoided. However, the risk of a depreciation of the Russian currency remains along with a decline in exports, and the pace of this decline is still measured in double digits. The positive balance of the current account of the balance of payments also continues to decrease. All this could lead to a slowdown in already low growth rates.

The Ministry of Economic Development gives its forecasts for the growth of gross external product if current trends continue and based on the estimated oil price of $40 per barrel. According to the ministry, it will be only 0.6%. At the same time, World Bank forecasts are more optimistic - growth of 1.5% with an expected increase in oil prices to $55.2 per barrel.

According to preliminary information provided by the Federal Customs Service, in October 2016 alone, the volume of products imported from non-CIS countries increased by 8.4% compared to the same period in 2015 and reached $15.6 billion.

The volume of purchases of products from the engineering industry increased by 16.7%, the volume of purchased goods from the chemical industry increased by 1.4%, textiles and footwear also began to be purchased more actively (1.3%). It is the growth in imports of engineering products that can be considered a positive indicator for assessing foreign economic activity, since it constitutes an important part of investment in fixed capital. Imports of mechanical equipment (17.8%) and land transport equipment (11.5%) also increased.

Along with positive trends in the issue of imports, there are also negative processes that are a consequence of the Russian food embargo. In the same October 2016, the volume of imported food products decreased by 5.5%.

The most negative import indicators were for meat products and offal – 29.5%. The import of vegetables decreased by 28.3%, tobacco - by 21%. What stands out from the general negative statistics on food products is an increase in the volume of imported fish by 40.8% and a number of other food products.

Export and import of goods in Russia: ratio and trends

Let's consider the structure of exports and imports of goods in Russia and determine the main goods exported and imported by Russia.

The main part of Russian exports consists of:

energy resources (oil and oil products, gas, coal);

rolled steel;

ferrous and non-ferrous metals;

mineral.

The leading position in terms of export volume in this list belongs to oil and petroleum products – 300 million tons. Along with oil, Russia exports gas (250 billion cubic meters), timber, mineral fertilizers, machinery and equipment, weapons, meeting the needs of the CIS countries in these goods almost in full, which makes Russia the main trading partner for neighboring countries.

Imports to Russia consist of the following items:

machinery and equipment;

Vehicle;

consumer goods;

food;

chemical products;

consumer manufactured goods.

The main flow of imports comes from Germany, Italy, China, Turkey, Poland, Switzerland, Great Britain, USA, Finland.

December 2016 was marked by a decrease in the trade surplus of the Russian Federation to $9.2 billion. The Bank of Russia explains this state of affairs by the reduction in the difference between the cost of the total volume of exports and imports, which in turn was due to a decrease in prices for raw materials exported by the Russian Federation (such as crude oil, petroleum products, gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous and non-ferrous metals) , and gradual restoration of the volume of imports (machinery, equipment, vehicles, chemical products, etc.).

However, according to the Central Bank, the reduction in the foreign trade surplus was somewhat offset by the fact that the negative balance of other current account items was reduced.

Why is the import of food products to Russia so in demand?

A major item in the total volume of imports is food imports of goods into Russia. Statistics confirm this data. At the moment, the volume of food imports in value terms is about $2 billion per month. September 2016 demonstrated a volume of imports worth $1.9 billion.

According to data provided by Rosstat, the share of sold imported food products in the total volume of retail sales of food products amounted to 27%. According to an analysis of data for June 2015, of the total volume of imported food products, 82% is imported from abroad, the remaining 18% comes from near abroad countries (CIS).

The Federal Customs Service reports that the volume of imports of food products from foreign countries in value terms as of December 2016 amounted to $16.44 billion and increased by 10.4% compared to November 2016.

There was an increase in the volume of the following imported food products: grain crops - by 1.9 times, vegetables - by 33.3%, meat and offal - by 21.6%, fruits and tobacco - by 17.7%, vegetable oil - by 16 .8%, dairy products – by 15.9%, fish – by 8.9%. At the same time, the volume of imports of sugar decreased by 21.3%, alcoholic and non-alcoholic products by 3.6%.

Compared to the same period in 2015 (December), the volume of imported goods from abroad increased by 10.9%.

What documents need to be prepared to import goods to Russia

The rules for importing goods into Russia require the completion of a number of documents. To import, you will need the following.

Constituent documents of the company purchasing the goods (copies thereof).

The original of a correctly executed (according to the “Contract Requirements”) contract and two copies of it, which will bear the seal of the company purchasing the goods.

Import transaction passport (copies certified by the bank; copies certified by the buyer).

Accompanying documents related to the arrived cargo and an invoice, which will indicate the current details of the buyer and seller, the number assigned to the contract, the cost of the product, the essential terms of delivery (all of the above data must necessarily coincide with the similar data specified in the contract).

Translated cargo invoice certified by the company seal.

Documents confirming the company's license to conduct foreign trade, various certificates and other permits (if required).

Payment order or any other document confirming payment of customs duties (original).

Information (packing list) about packaging material, weight of products, number of pieces per intended shipment must be indicated for each item of goods.

Other documents specified in the terms of delivery and contract. For example: bill of lading (if transport is carried out by sea); TIR, CMR (if road transport is carried out); documents confirming cargo insurance; documents confirming prepayment, etc.

Documents confirming the customs value of products: transportation documents, documents confirming insurance (if specified in the terms of the contract), documents indicating transport costs, if they were not indicated in the invoice.

Customs may require the following additional documents:

customs declaration of the sending country, certified by the seller;

additional contracts concluded with persons related to the transaction;

invoices for payments to third parties in favor of the seller;

accounts relating to commissions, brokerage services and related to the goods being valued;

payment accounting documents;

licenses for export/import;

receipts from product storage warehouses;

documents confirming the order for the delivery of goods;

catalog, specification, price list from the manufacturer;

calculations made by the manufacturer for the goods being valued (provided that the company agrees to provide such calculations to the buyer on the Russian side);

payment and other documents related to conducting similar transactions or purchasing similar goods;

other documents capable of confirming the value of the goods declared in the customs declaration.

If the goods, after crossing the border, are delivered to their destination on the territory of Russia, then the cost of delivery is deducted from the customs value. However, to carry out recalculation, clear documentary evidence is required that the goods were transported across the territory of Russia, and evidence of the legality of such deductions and their amount. These may be contracts for cargo delivery services, which will indicate the cost of delivery and method of payment, invoices indicating the details of the parties, documents confirming payment for delivery services according to the issued invoice.

Paragraph 1a of Article 19 of the Law “On Customs Tariffs” states that the cost of delivery includes the cost of transporting cargo, the cost of work associated with unloading and loading of goods, and the cost of cargo insurance. Accordingly, when considering the issue of reimbursement of customs value due to the cost of delivering cargo across Russia from the place where it was imported, each component of the delivery cost is considered separately, since the cost of transportation will depend on the distance, loading work will depend on the weight of the goods, and insurance will from the cost of the product itself.

Explanatory materials are provided for a specific product: booklets, samples, technical description of the product, drawings, etc. Copies of these documents must be certified by the seal of the company purchasing the goods.

What is the scheme for importing goods into Russia?

You can import goods to Russia yourself, having thoroughly studied the current legislation. But if there is a big deal ahead and it is necessary to reduce possible risks to zero, it is worth involving an intermediary in the import procedure. As a rule, this is an organization that narrowly specializes in processing transactions related to the import of goods to Russia.

There are two most common import options.

The first scheme for importing goods to Russia is used for residents of the Russian Federation. It is convenient for companies that need to purchase goods abroad, but do not plan to become participants in foreign economic activity. To do this, these organizations resort to the services of an intermediary company, reducing possible risks associated with the import of goods and avoiding the payment of additional taxes in Russia. Foreign exchange transactions (if there is a need for them) are carried out by an intermediary, so the customer does not have to open his own foreign currency account; for transactions with an intermediary, an existing ruble account will be sufficient.

Scheme participants:

a resident (Russian company) planning to purchase goods abroad and at the same time wanting to protect themselves from perceived risks that may arise, for example, during the customs clearance of imported cargo;

an intermediary (importing company) that undertakes customs clearance of goods arriving in Russia and sells the imported cargo to a resident;

supplier (foreign seller of goods and most likely sender of cargo).

Advantages of the scheme:

currency control and customs authorities do not check the resident when importing goods into Russia and after their release into free circulation;

there is no need to take part in every accompanying procedure:

– registration of the organization with customs authorities;

– execution and registration of a foreign trade contract;

– opening a transaction passport at the bank;

– control of storage periods in temporary storage warehouses.

At the same time, the resident has in his hands all documented reports on transactions and expenses performed.

The intermediary assumes full responsibility for violations when declaring the import of goods into Russia, that is, administrative penalties are applied to him if violations are discovered in the transaction. The owner is the buyer. However, using the services of a customs broker will not be enough to avoid administrative liability. For false declaration of goods imported into Russia, both the customs broker and the importer of goods will be punished.

No one can guarantee absolute accuracy when declaring goods. If the counterparty adds a gift to the product or exceeds the ordered volumes of goods, you may find yourself held administratively liable for a violation.

This scheme for importing goods into Russia is relevant for companies included in the customs register (duty-free stores, customs carriers, customs warehouses, etc.), because it is unacceptable for them to have administrative violations prescribed in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

To implement the scheme, the intermediary and the resident can enter into a commission agreement or a purchase and sale agreement. On behalf of the intermediary, on behalf of the resident, a foreign trade contract is concluded with the supplier for the import of goods and services into Russia. If necessary, an advance payment for the goods is made, this is done by the intermediary. The goods are then delivered to the address specified by the intermediary, who then clears the cargo through customs.

The second import scheme to Russia is used for non-residents(foreign persons). As a rule, it is used in companies that are manufacturers, forwarders, carriers, or any other foreign companies interested in exporting their products. This option is used when a customer in Russia wants to buy goods but does not want to deal with importation, customs clearance, or participate in foreign currency transactions.

Scheme participants:

non-resident (foreign organization);

an importing company (recipient of the cargo), registered in Russia, engaged in customs clearance of cargo in Russia and selling goods produced by a foreign company;

a client (buyer) who is registered on the territory of the Russian Federation and wants to buy goods in Japan, Sweden, Great Britain, Canada or any other country, but he does not want to deal with customs clearance of cargo and be under currency control by inspection officials.

The customer selects a product and then turns to an intermediary for help to import the selected items to Russia. The intermediary takes care of all organizational issues:

concluding an agreement with the customer, making an advance payment by the customer on the basis of the concluded agreement;

concluding a foreign trade agreement with a non-resident;

purchase of goods abroad and import into Russia;

customs clearance of goods;

payment of state duty and VAT;

sale of goods to the customer.

Advantages of the scheme:

The customer relieves himself of all risks, because the advance payment is made by the Russian company, and there are no problems associated with customs clearance of imported goods into Russia.

What are the features of importing goods from Kazakhstan to Russia?

Import of goods to Russia is subject to VAT (subclause 4 of clause 1 of Article 146 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). All importing companies are required to pay VAT on imports, including VAT-exempt companies and individual entrepreneurs operating under a special regime.

Import of goods to Russia is not subject to VAT in certain cases established by law (Article 150 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

The VAT rate on goods imported into Russia is 10% or 18%. Sales of some goods may be subject to domestic VAT at a rate of 18%, in which case imports of goods into Russia are paid at the same rate.

When importing goods to Russia from Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan or Kyrgyzstan, companies and individual entrepreneurs transfer VAT not to the accounts of customs services, but to the Federal Tax Service at the place of registration. In addition, you must submit a correctly completed declaration.

Import VAT amount = tax base x VAT rate,

where the tax base = the customs value of goods imported into the territory of the Russian Federation + the amount of import customs duty + the amount of excise tax.

According to paragraph 13 of Appendix No. 18 to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, signed in Astana on May 29, 2014, the tax base is determined on the date of registration of imported goods.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated July 7, 2010 No. 69n, the import VAT declaration when importing goods into Russia from the EAEU countries must be submitted to the Federal Tax Service by the 20th day of the month following the month of import of goods.

If the average number of company employees for the year preceding the filing of the declaration exceeded 100 people, the VAT declaration when importing goods into Russia from the EAEU countries must be submitted to the Federal Tax Service via telecommunication channels in electronic form.

If the average number of company employees does not exceed 100 people, the declaration can be submitted on paper.

VAT when importing goods into Russia from EAEU countries must be paid no later than the deadline for submitting the relevant declaration.

Import VAT calculated in accordance with Article 160 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. When paying for the services of a foreign counterparty, the client in certain cases is obliged to pay VAT to the budget as a tax agent. This happens if the place of sale of the services provided is recognized as the territory of the Russian Federation (Article 148 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). In this case, the income of the service seller will be less by the amount of VAT.

VAT on imported services is transferred to KBK 182 1 03 01000 01 1000 110 simultaneously with the transfer of money to a foreign counterparty. In field 101 of the payment order you must indicate “2”.

Based on the results of the quarter during which the agency VAT was withheld, it is necessary to report to the Federal Tax Service no later than the 25th day of the month following this quarter. Please note that according to the Order of the Federal Tax Service dated October 29, 2014 No. ММВ-7-3/558@ as amended. Federal Tax Service Order No. ММВ-7-3/696@ dated December 20, 2016, starting with reporting for the first quarter of 2017, it is necessary to submit a declaration in a modified form.

When paying domestic VAT after imported goods are registered and paid to the budget, payers can deduct import VAT. In accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, import VAT is accepted for deduction in accordance with documents confirming the payment of this tax.

Companies with a special regime and those that are exempt from the obligations of VAT payers include import VAT in the cost of goods and services received.

Why is importing goods from China to Russia so popular?

By 2010, China had finally established itself as a leader in world exports. Over the years, reforms have significantly changed the very structure of exports, where automobiles, industrial goods and industrial equipment occupy a large share. Importing goods from China to Russia brings clear benefits - the quality is becoming higher, as European and American technologies are copied, and prices are more profitable.

Russian-Chinese trade in 2015 was not going well - the decrease in trade turnover was 36%. The ruble exchange rate collapsed and remained in an unstable position; the yuan, on the contrary, became more stable. Purchasing power has become lower. Taking into account currency risks, exporters from China have become more careful when concluding foreign trade contracts.

But, as you know, every cloud has a silver lining - the current economic situation fuels the interest experienced by companies in Russia and China in relation to each other. For Russia, new ways to diversify foreign economic activity are important, and China perceives the Russian market as one of the main directions of its exports.

Both Russia and China are striving to make it as attractive as possible for goods to move from country to country. The transition to making payments in national currency is being systematically implemented. The first transactions in rubles with Chinese partners were carried out by Siberian companies in 2015. On October 8, 2015, the People's Bank of China announced the launch of the first stage of the Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS). This was done in order to introduce a unified accounting of cross-border payments in Chinese national currency and reduce foreign exchange risks for importers.

Re-export and import of goods from China to Russia are becoming an increasingly profitable and profitable business. The most important thing is to choose the category of goods to import and the direction.

It is high time to debunk the well-known myth about the import of goods from China to Russia, which claims that mostly consumer goods are imported into Russia: toys, clothes and shoes.

Today, the main goods imported from China are electrical machines, various equipment, sound recording and sound reproduction equipment. The next largest imports are nuclear reactors, boilers, mechanical devices and their components. In percentage terms, all the goods listed above account for 53% of the total share of Chinese imports.

The volume of imported clothing and accessories, hand- and machine-knitted knitwear and other textile products is 8% of the total import volume.

The volume of imports of ferrous metal products, tools and cutlery made from base metals is 7%.

The volume of imports of children's toys, sports equipment, play equipment, furniture, bedding, mattresses, lamps and lighting equipment, illuminated signs, illuminated signs is 5% of the total volume of imported goods.

Organic and inorganic chemical compounds and other chemical products are also imported, which accounts for 5% of all imported Chinese goods.

Land transport, its parts and accessories, ships, boats and floating structures are imported in the amount of 4% of total imports.

Gaiters, shoes and other similar products, hats, umbrellas, etc. - 4 %.

Plastics, rubber and rubber, as well as products made from them – 4%.

Food products of plant origin – 2%.

The volume of imported optical instruments and apparatus, cinematographic, photographic, control, precision, measuring, medical or surgical equipment is only 2%.

China imposes state duties on all imported commercial goods. The amount of duty fees depends on the cost of the goods, costs associated with transportation to the border, and the amount of insurance. Promotional goods, goods serving as demonstrative samples, defective goods, as well as duty-free goods, the list of which is approved by an international agreement, are not subject to duty.

In addition to paying customs duties, goods exported from China are subject to VAT. In addition, there is an additional consumption tax on cars, alcohol, tobacco and cosmetics. Different categories of goods have different VAT rates. Typically it is 10% for agricultural goods and 17% for industrial goods.

There are products included in the list of products intended to stimulate exports. When exporting them, a VAT refund is possible. To be able to process a return, you must carefully prepare all the accompanying documents and avoid mistakes in them. Refunds are processed within three to four months.

There are a number of restrictive measures regarding the import of goods to Russia from China. For example, for states that are members of the Customs Union, national and unified technical regulation regimes apply. There is a unified list of goods for the import or export of which a one-time, general or exclusive license is required.

Significantly reduce input VAT when importing goods or equipment to Russia from China, it is possible to use the services of an intermediary from Hong Kong. In fact, this is a legalized offshore company. Russian legislation assumes that obtaining a tax benefit cannot be an end in itself. The Chinese government turns a blind eye to such schemes, as all efforts are aimed at stimulating exports. The legislation of the Republic of China and the People's Republic of China (where Hong Kong is located) does not provide for restrictions of this kind.

Important: when conducting transactions related to the import of goods to Russia from China, you need to track the entire document flow from suppliers from China and control the adequacy of the information filled in in all export documents.

Organizing the import of goods to Russia requires studying a large amount of information, which the enterprise often does not have. Therefore, it is worth turning to professionals. Our information and analytical company “VVS” is one of those that stood at the origins of the business of processing and adapting market statistics collected by federal departments. The company has 19 years of experience in providing product market statistics as information for strategic decisions, identifying market demand. Main client categories: exporters, importers, manufacturers, participants in commodity markets and B2B services business.

commercial vehicles and special equipment;

glass industry;

chemical and petrochemical industry;

Construction Materials;

medical equipment;

food industry;

production of animal feed;

electrical engineering and others.

Quality in our business is, first of all, the accuracy and completeness of information. When you make a decision based on data that is, to put it mildly, incorrect, how much will your loss be worth? When making important strategic decisions, it is necessary to rely only on reliable statistical information. But how can you be sure that this information is reliable? You can check this! And we will provide you with this opportunity.

The main competitive advantages of our company are:

Accuracy of data provision. The preliminary selection of foreign trade supplies, the analysis of which is carried out in the report, clearly coincides with the topic of the customer’s request. Nothing superfluous and nothing missing. As a result, we receive accurate calculations of market indicators and market shares of participants.

Today, any state is an active participant in global trade. Every day, millions of tons of cargo cross borders. In these transactions, one party acts as a seller, the other as a buyer. Knowing what imports and exports are for a particular country can say a lot about its welfare.

What does "import" mean?

The cross-border flow of goods and services from the point of view of the receiving country is called imports. Objects of import may be:

Agricultural products(for example, Japan, practically deprived of agriculture, is forced to purchase up to 90% of raw materials for food abroad);
Minerals(almost all developed European countries are consumers of Russian gas);
Manufacturing products(Gulf countries buy from the West almost everything that is more complex than a fountain pen);
Services(consumers of financial services of VISA and Mastercard companies are almost all countries of the world);
Intellectual property objects(American films, music and software bring their creators more money than is in the Russian budget).

The more developed a country is, the more primitive goods it tries to buy and sell of better quality. The structure of imports and exports says a lot about the national economy of a particular state.

Trade balance of Russia

Our country's foreign trade turnover amounts to more than 28 trillion rubles a year. The lion's share of it came from the European Union (the CIS is in second place). It has been a steady decline for several years now, against the backdrop of sanctions and a structural economic crisis.

The leading items imported into the country are:

Machinery and equipment (almost half the cost of all imported goods);
Chemical industry products;
Foodstuffs;
Light industry products;
Raw materials (primarily metals).

Russia makes money from the sale of the following goods:

Minerals - mainly oil and gas (more than 60% of exports);
Metals and metal semi-finished products;
Food;
Timber.

The trade balance clearly indicates that the country is seriously ill with the so-called “Dutch disease”. In other words, Russia produces practically nothing and, in relation to developed Western countries, is a source of raw materials and a sales market. Colonies played a similar role in the 18th-19th centuries.

Importing international mail: what does it mean?

Modern Internet capabilities allow you to track the location of a parcel without leaving your home. The status of the shipment will be indicated as the corresponding status. If the parcel arrives in Russia from another country, then after crossing the border the status “ Import»:

Postal workers assign this value approximately a couple of days after the arrival of airmail. This is how much time the unloading procedures, checking the condition of cargo, etc. take;
A day after registration, the item arrives at one of the large postal exchange centers;
Customs processing takes place at these centers. The parcels are then sent to post offices in the recipients' area of residence.

The duration of maintaining the status depends on the size of the queue for customs clearance. If the recipient has good reason to worry about the condition of the shipment, it is necessary to submit a search application.

Import substitution: what is it?

The current unenviable situation of the Russian national economy cannot but worry the country's authorities. An import substitution project has been developed as one of the measures to overcome the crisis.

According to the plan until 2020, the following indicators are expected to be achieved:

Create a basis for creating advanced industry in the country;
Implement active measures to stimulate domestic demand;
Provide labor resources with high-paying jobs;
Update production (machines, equipment, etc.);
Systematic increase in labor productivity and thereby increasing the competitiveness of domestic products;
Complete the process of “synchronization” of Russian standards with global ones.

The program is designed for two stages: before and after 2015. The bosses' captivating plans will cost the budget 10 trillion rubles. The money will be spent both on the development of science and technology and on updating infrastructure. Part of the funds will be used to attract expensive foreign specialists.

What is importing and exporting contacts?

Long gone are the days when the phone book was a physical entity separate from the phone. Everyone is accustomed to the convenience of an electronic database stored in the memory of a smartphone.

But you have to pay for every pleasure: when you buy a new device, you need to transfer contacts to your address book. Entering the name and number again is very labor-intensive and can irritate even the most patient person.

It is much easier to use the Yandex-Moving application, which will take all this headache upon yourself. For this it is necessary

Install the program on your old phone;
Once launched, the application will collect all entries from the phone book and send them to the cloud storage;
Then, on the new device, open Yandex Disk and open the settings;
Click on the item “Moving from phone to phone”;
The application will require a PIN code, which will be sent to your old phone.

In addition to the product of the Russian technology company, similar solutions are known. For example, “My Contacts Backup”, “CardDAV”, etc.

Import from a SIM card: what is it?

Storing phone numbers on a SIM card has a number of very important disadvantages:

If your device is lost, thieves can gain access to valuable personal data;
The memory capacity of even the most modern SIMs is many orders of magnitude smaller than the internal memory of the phone;
There is no possibility of data encryption.

But sometimes saving information on a SIM card may be advisable, for example, to transfer the phone book from an old gadget to a new one.

The sequence of actions in this case is as follows:

Insert the old SIM card into the new device. The address book must first be saved on the card;
Open the “Contacts” item on the main screen of your smartphone;
In “Settings” select “Import/Export”;
In the menu that opens, find the line “Transfer from SIM card” (may be called differently in different OS versions).

The specified sequence of actions is given for devices running the Android system. On Apple gadgets, the algorithm is even simpler: synchronization occurs by clicking on a single button in the settings.

Centuries change, but the position of our country remains unchanged. “Scrupulous London,” as before, “brings us the gifts of technological progress in exchange for timber and lard.” Over the course of two hundred years, England was joined by the USA, Japan and China. Perhaps this is enough to understand what import and export are in Russia.

Video: saving contacts on Android

In this video, Andrey Stilavin will show you how to export or import contacts on an Android smartphone:

Saving contacts on Android

In the case when you need to save phone book contacts to your computer, you need to follow a few simple steps, and in this article we will help you do this. In fact, there are special tools that you can use for this. They are both on the phone itself and in your Google account, of course, if the contacts are synchronized with this account. And, of course, no one has canceled third-party programs that also allow you to do this.

We only use the phone

The first method is the simplest, and in order to complete it, you only need a phone and a computer, since we need to transfer contacts to it. So, to transfer contacts, you need to go to the “Contacts” section, click on the menu button, and select “Import/Export”. After this, the following functions will be available to you:

- And import from storage – this function is used to import contacts from a file in the phone’s memory or SD storage;

- uh export to drive is the opposite function, in which a file with the vcf extension is saved on the device or in a memory card. This method is suitable for us to transfer phone book contacts to a computer, since this file from the phone or card memory can be freely transferred further;

- P transfer of visible contacts - this function is useful in cases where you have set a contact filter and you will need to transfer only those contacts that are displayed to the computer. At this point, you also save the file in vcf format to a drive or phone memory.

Well, let's assume you have chosen a convenient way for you to transfer contacts to your computer. Once you have saved the phone book contacts file, reset it to your PC by connecting your phone to it via a USB cable. After connecting, copy the file and open it in any convenient way. This file format is opened using the following programs:

- P Windows Contacts app;

- P Microsoft Outlook application.

Let us note one detail - if you do not have enough fonts installed on your computer, phone book contacts saved in Russian may not be displayed correctly. Therefore, if this happens, know that the problem is in the fonts.

How to fix this problem?

To get rid of this problem, you need to edit the vcf file correctly. This file saves all information in UTF-8 encoding, and a computer running Windows operating system tries to open this file using Windows 1251 encoding.

Therefore, to fix this problem you need to:

- V use a program that will read the UTF-8 encoding and open contacts normally;

- m You can add certain tags to the vcf file that will help inform programs that open the file that this file uses a different encoding;

In fact, all methods are effective and simple. But the simplest is the last one - basic resaving in the required format. To do this, just indicate when saving the file that a different encoding format is required. This can be done by clicking on the “File” tab - then select “Save With Encoding”, and in the window that opens, select the required Cyrillic encoding (or Windows 1251). That's all, after this the computer will successfully read the phone book contacts.

Saving contacts to your computer using a Google account

If you synchronize your contacts with a Google account, transferring them to a computer or any other personal machine is even easier. To do this, just go to your account page, to the appropriate section “Google Contacts”.

Next, you need to go to the column on the left and select the “More” section, in which select the “Export” function. Next, you will need to indicate which contacts you need to export, in what form and format. After setup, successfully export all contacts to a file and transfer it to your computer.

We use third-party programs for transfer

Now, as for third-party programs for transferring phone book contacts to a computer. In fact, there are many services, applications and other software products that can do this. For example, this is the AirDroid application, with which you can transfer contacts from your phone to your computer.

Or, do it using cloud storage. In a word, to do this, you just need to go to the official Google Play application store and select an application that will be as convenient and understandable for you as possible. Thus, today there are no problems with transferring phone book contacts to a computer, and there should not be any.

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