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Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev - biography, information, personal life. Unknown Brezhnev Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich biography nationality family |
CAREER OF SHYMON ZADIONCHIK At the beginning of 1938, N.S. Khrushchev was sent to Ukraine as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the republic. In parting words to him, Stalin suggested: “Choose people to help you.” Leonid Ilyich never forgot his old friends and those who helped his career. Photo: from the archives of the CPSU Central Committee Joseph TELMAN, candidate of historical sciences In his memoirs, Nikita Sergeevich wrote that by this time in Ukraine it was as if Mamai had passed away. There was not a single secretary of the regional committee or chairman of the regional executive committee, and even the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars was absent. There were no heads of departments of regional and city party committees. The Central Committee of Ukraine also did not have a single head of department. Everyone was in prison or shot. This is the picture the new “leader of the Bolsheviks of Ukraine” met. True, in his memoirs Khrushchev kept silent about the fact that soon after arriving in Kyiv he sent a telegram to Stalin asking for permission to shoot another 20 thousand people. This is the same Khrushchev who shocked the whole world with his report at the 20th Congress of the CPSU on Stalin’s crimes. Those who arrived with the new secretary of the Central Committee were placed in key positions - Burmistenko became the second secretary of the Central Committee, Korotchenko - chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, Uspensky - People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, Serdyuk - secretary of the Kyiv Regional Committee, etc. The question arose about a candidacy for the post of first secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee. This region played an important political and economic role. Khrushchev asked Stalin to send Zadionchenko, who was acting at that time, there. Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Federation. “This is a proven man,” Nikita Sergeevich told Stalin, “energetic, experienced - he’ll do.” Stalin also knew Zadionchenko and expressed his agreement: “What? He will be a good secretary of the regional committee, let’s take him, he’s there in the Council of People’s Commissars only engaged in duplicating the resolutions of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR.” So Semyon Zadionchenko ended up in the chair of the first secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee, and then became a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Describing his activities in his memoirs, Khrushchev wrote: “Zadionchenko worked well in Dnepropetrovsk, coped with the job. He is an intelligent person, an excellent organizer, a restless person, and not a desk worker by nature.” However, soon such an incident occurred. A regional party conference was held in Odessa. It was attended by the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republic Demyan Korotchenko. Returning later to Kyiv, he told Khrushchev about his impressions of the trip and told about such an episode. During the break, a conference delegate approached him and asked: “How is my uncle?” Korotchenko asked: “Which uncle, who is uncle?” He answers: “Zadionchenko is my uncle.” Korotchenko looked at this man - he looked very much like a Jew. Zadionchenko is Ukrainian. What kind of blood relationship can there be? “Zadionchenko is my uncle,” the delegate repeated, “tell him hello.” “The last name of that man was Zadionchik,” Demyan Korotchenko continued his story to Khrushchev. Khrushchev wrote in his memoirs: “At that time, there was a vigorous search for all sorts of pedigrees, so that no enemies would creep into our ranks. I said: “It’s best to ask Zadionchenko himself,” and asked Burmistenko to talk to him. They are old friends. They’ll talk and say that we ask you to tell us everything frankly.” Burmistenko summoned the secretary of the regional committee, who had come under suspicion. However, he persistently argued that he was Zadionchenko, a Ukrainian; he did not have any nephew Zadionchik in Odessa. Let us give the floor again to Khrushchev. This is what he said further: “Then we considered it our duty to find out, so as not to be fools, we did not at all think that this was some kind of slander. After all, Zadionchik was proud of his uncle and said hello to him.” To clarify all the circumstances, Khrushchev brought in the NKVD. However, the security officers got involved even earlier, because, as a rule, they were the first to know about all the events taking place. It did not take much effort for the NKVD to establish the truth and investigate some facts from the biography of the first secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional party committee. Soon, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, Uspensky, presented Khrushchev with a detailed certificate, which stated: Zadionchenko was born in 1898 in the town of Rzhishchev, Kyiv province, into a Jewish family. His father was a tinsmith, his mother worked at a tobacco factory in Kremenchug, where the family moved. The father soon died, and after some time the mother fell ill with tuberculosis and also died. Zadionchenko - then Shimon Zadionchik - was sheltered by the family of an artisan, who were already poor without him, living in extreme poverty. The teenager was left to his own devices, grew up on the street, was brought up by the street. He fed on the fact that there were kind people who took pity on the poor orphan. At the age of 16, he went to work at the tobacco factory where his mother once worked. The revolution and civil war did not pass Shimon by. Once a cavalry regiment of the Red Army passed through Kremenchug, and Shimon joined this unit. He proved himself to be a brave fighter. Mostly Ukrainians served in the regiment, and Shimon decided to become a Ukrainian too. In 1919, he joined the RCP (b) and called himself Semyon Borisovich Zadionchenko. This is how the Jew Shimon Zadionchik disappeared. Instead, a Ukrainian member of the Communist Party, Semyon Zadionchenko, appeared. After the civil war, Semyon Zadionchenko studied, worked, and slowly but surely moved up the career ladder. He went through all stages of his party career - instructor, department head of the district party committee. In 1936 he became secretary of the Baumansky district committee of the CPSU (b) of Moscow. In the capital, Zadionchenko became closely acquainted with Khrushchev back in 1931, when he was secretary of the Bauman district committee, Zadionchenko was in charge of a department there. Nikita Sergeevich contributed greatly to his successful career. But let's go back to 1938. Khrushchev summoned the first secretary of the Dnepropetrovsk regional committee and told him: Comrade Zadionchenko! Comrade Burmistenko talked with you, you denied everything, and now we have found out everything ourselves. The NKVD helped. Why are you harming yourself? There is no need to hide your past. And, according to Khrushchev’s story, Zadionchenko simply began to sob. Then he said: Yes, I didn't have the courage to tell the truth right away. And now I don’t know what will happen to me. I regret that I hid these facts from my biography, but, of course, I had no malicious intent. I hid it because I’ve been carrying the surname Zadionchenko for many years, and even my wife doesn’t know that I’m Jewish. After listening to this explanation, Khrushchev said: I should have told everything a long time ago, but now it’s more difficult. The NKVD became involved in this case. And it was from there that we received the documents. Return to Dnepropetrovsk, work, don’t say anything to anyone, not even your wife, and I’ll report to the Central Committee. Khrushchev called Malenkov, who was in charge of personnel in the Central Committee and knew Zadionchenko well and communicated with him quite often. Malenkov said: We must report to Comrade Stalin. When you appear in Moscow, do it yourself. However, Uspensky, the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, had already managed to inform Yezhov about the Zadionchenko case that had arisen in all its details. When Khrushchev arrived in Moscow, Malenkov told him: “Keep in mind that in your opinion Zadionchenko is a Jew, and Yezhov says that he is a Pole.” Then it was just time to hunt the Poles. Each of them was seen as an enemy intelligence agent. According to Khrushchev, he responded to this: “Well, how can you say that. Now I know for sure that he is Jewish. We even know the synagogue where Jewish religious rites were performed after his birth.” Nikita Sergeevich was received by Stalin. The “leader” was already aware of the Zadionchenko “case” that had arisen. Here is how Khrushchev describes his reaction: “Fool,” said Stalin, “you should have reported it yourself, nothing would have happened. Do you doubt his honesty?” I answer: “Of course I have no doubt, he is an honest communist, devoted to the party. Now they are trying to make him a Polish spy.” “Send them to hell,” said Stalin, “defend him.” I answer: “I will protect you with your help.” Khrushchev further laments. He writes in his memoirs: “Because of such a change of name, trouble almost happened to a devoted party member. I don’t know why he changed his last name? Maybe the Red Army men made fun of him as a Jewish boy, and he wanted to get rid of these unpleasant jokes.” Strange as it may seem, Zadionchenko’s “exposure” remained without consequences. He was then almost the only Jew in the highest echelon of the party leadership: by the end of 1937, there were practically no Jews left in the posts of first secretaries of regional committees. Everyone was destroyed. Perhaps then Stalin, who always had an anti-Semite in his soul, liked the fact that Shimon Zadionchik “disregistered” from the Jews and “assigned himself” to the Ukrainians. He remained at his post. Moreover, at the Eighteenth Party Congress he was elected a member of the Central Committee. At that time, the composition of the Central Committee was quite limited; even some of the first secretaries of the Central Committees of the republics were not included in it. Nikita Sergeevich was glad that he managed to save Semyon Zadionchenko from the “hedgehog gloves” So the career of Shimon Zadionchik, aka Semyon Zadionchenko, continued successfully. It was he who launched the future Secretary General Leonid Brezhnev into the “party orbit”. Once, during a visit to Dneprodzerzhinsk, the first secretary of the regional committee noticed a young and energetic deputy chairman of the city council. He immediately suggested that Brezhnev go to work in the regional committee as the head of one of the departments. In February 1939, Brezhnev, at the suggestion of Zadionchenko, was confirmed as secretary of the regional committee for propaganda, and then third secretary. When the Great Patriotic War began, Zadionchenko joined the army. He is appointed a member of the Military Council of the Southern Front. Together with him, Brezhnev is the deputy head of the Political Directorate of this front. However, Zadionchenko did not stay at the front for long. Stalin quite highly appreciated his abilities as a production organizer, able to delve into details and at the same time solve complex economic problems. Since December 1941, S. Zadionchenko has been the first secretary of the Bashkir regional party committee. On the territory of this autonomous republic many enterprises evacuated from the West are located, including aircraft factories, weapons production enterprises, and oil refineries are being built. In such a difficult situation, Zadionchenko’s qualities as a skillful organizer were fully revealed. Working in Bashkiria, and since January 1943 as the first secretary of the Kemerovo Regional Committee, he successfully fulfills many tasks of the State Defense Committee to expand the production of military products. After the war, Zadionchenko was transferred to work in Moscow - he is an inspector of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. He establishes friendly relations with many senior party functionaries; he is protected by Malenkov, with whom he now constantly communicates. He repeatedly reports on specific issues at meetings of the Politburo and the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee, and sometimes personally to Stalin. In 1949, at the height of the anti-Semitic campaign, which took place under the banner of the fight “against cosmopolitanism,” they naturally remembered that in the Central Committee itself there was a Jew who wished to be considered a Ukrainian. He is removed from the Central Committee apparatus, although he is appointed to the rather high post of First Deputy Minister of Procurement of the USSR. In 1951, at the request of Malenkov, with the sanction of Stalin, Zadionchenko was again returned to the apparatus of the Central Committee of the party. Old connections, high business qualities, and most importantly, the ability to adapt to the harsh realities of the highest party nomenklatura help. Some “leading Jews” who changed their nationality in their documents during this period of heightened anti-Semitism were subjected to severe punishment. Thus, the director of the Moscow Small Car Plant A.M. Baranov was dismissed from his job in disgrace. He was accused of hiding his nationality starting in 1919 and “illegally” calling himself Alexei Mikhailovich instead of Abram Moiseevich. Zadionchenko is not touched, he is personally known to the leader, and Stalin appreciates him. In the Central Committee apparatus he is the only responsible employee of “Jewish origin,” although he has renounced this origin. And, of course, Zadionchenko does not feel very comfortable. The anti-Semitic sabbath is gaining more and more momentum. However, he sat through it, persevered, and waited for better, at least calmer times for him. After Stalin's death, the situation in the country stabilized. True, the anti-Semites, with whom the Central Committee was literally swarming, did not calm down. They are trying to carry out his “general line” even without the leader. And Zadionchenko often feels this. However, the new First Secretary of the Central Committee, Khrushchev, treats him favorably, and he continues to work in the central party apparatus. In February 1956, Zadionchenko's nominee Leonid Brezhnev, who was in particular favor with Khrushchev, became secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. At first, Brezhnev often invites Zadionchenko to his place and consults on many issues. A distinctive feature of Leonid Ilyich was that he always remembered his friends and did not leave them without support. Zadionchenko was never his close friend, but still Brezhnev did not forget that he owed him the successful start of his career. In 1958, Semyon Borisovich celebrated his 60th birthday. Khrushchev and Brezhnev congratulated him and awarded him an order in connection with the anniversary. However, soon after the anniversary, Zadionchenko left the Central Committee and went to work in the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. In 1972, Semyon Borisovich died. The obituary published in the newspapers bore the signatures of Brezhnev and other party leaders. I rarely consider the Jewish question in Uncultural Anthropology, and this is an omission. The topic is risky, there are many obsessive interested people who consider it their duty to lie down in discussion of the problem (which has long disappeared). Well! I watched a certain series here (Shakurov!), and remembered Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Which once in November gave us almost an entire vacation - school was canceled, then there were days off. It turned out that he was called “anti-Semite No. 1 in the USSR.” I decided to take a look at this “anti-Semite” and discovered some interesting things. Although they completely do not correspond to reality and scientific truth, the following impression was nevertheless formed: 1. Brezhnev L.I. was married to a Jewish woman, Victoria Petrovna. True, many express doubts about her Jewish origin, because she comes from “a simple Russian family,” and the external resemblance to Jewish aunties is considered purely speculative and unscientific. 2. Externally Brezhnev L.I. very similar to many Soviet men and women I have seen who have pronounced Jewish roots (mixed with a Tatar-like native infusion). Both in youth and in frail old age. I never thought about it. The moment is purely physiognomic, without any other conspiracy theories. Whether citizen Leopold Isaakovich Kaminsky changed his last name in 1929, why Leonid Ilyich’s birth certificates, which were stored in the Dnepropetrovsk regional archive, were confiscated, and why Ilya Yakovlevich looks so mysterious to a simple Russian worker is completely unimportant. Under Stalin, Jews were exiled to Kolyma, Dzhugdzhur, Vorkuta and other interesting places full of harsh tourist romance. And their wives, just in case, go to Akmola. Tourist flows to these places have now greatly decreased. Under Stalin, autonomy was invented for them - Yiddishe Oytonome Gegnt somewhere on the Birakan and Bijan rivers. It was a real Jewish joke: “Why do you need Crimean Jewish autonomy, comrades? Let you just have Jewish autonomy, your own!” Under Stalin, there was no unemployment; Jews were employed in a variety of professions, including lumberjacks, stokers, and navvies. However, even with this simple labor, many were unable to earn even a piece of bread - there were many cases of death from hunger, exhaustion, and poor living conditions. Under Brezhnev, Jews, on the contrary, often lost their jobs - they were kicked out of various offices equipped for office work. Nevertheless, for some reason no one died of hunger. They swelled slightly, but did not die. Many, according to their recollections, even had enough for alcoholic drinks (maybe that’s where the swelling came from). Brezhnev, like Stalin, exiled Jews, but they ended up in such remote and harsh corners as Vienna, New York, Tel Aviv, Rome, which still attract many tourists. During his reign, hundreds of thousands of Jews (showered with curses by envious people) left the USSR, which was tightly closed to other citizens. In 1977, when Brezhnev also headed the Supreme Council, as many as 51,331 Jews and persons equated to them received freedom of movement. Thus, unique freedom was given to representatives of one single nationality. It turns out that Brezhnev made more Jews happy than any Schindler. It was Moses who did not bring as much out of Egyptian captivity as some Brezhnev plenum. And in general, he did a lot for the country - he stopped mass executions and significantly reduced the scale of bloody wars, in comparison with those that the USSR waged in the 1930-50s. Potentially (for it is impossible to judge events that did not happen) his actions saved millions of people from death and gave freedom. Thus, he deservedly wore a mass of these heroic stars and orders on his chest, and among the people he enjoyed love and compassion for his infirmities. The facial profile is interesting. In general, the texture was gorgeous. The name of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev reminds the Soviet members of the 60-80s of the last century of many things. The biography of Leonid Brezhnev, his personal life, relationships with children and associates are still of interest to the common man. He is called a man of the era, a man of legend... From the heights of the path traveled and past generations, the attitude towards Brezhnev the politician remains twofold: one term of his leadership is called a time of stagnation, when the country's economy was practically destroyed by failed reforms; others consider him the best ruler of the 20th century. For eighteen years he was at the crucible of power, led the most powerful party of all times and peoples - the great CPSU, and was the head of the most powerful state. And at the same time he remained easy to communicate with, an endlessly cheerful person, about whom there were countless anecdotes and tales, and which he himself listened to and retold with pleasure.
On December 19, 1906, in the south of Ukraine, or more precisely in Dneprodzerzhinsk, which is not far from Dnepropetrovsk, he was born. And although the place of birth is known quite accurately, Leonid Ilyich’s nationality is indicated differently in different documents: either he is a Russian, or a Cossack. It is reliably known that his parents were the simplest people. The father worked at a metallurgical enterprise, and the mother took care of the house and children. And there were three children in total: Leonid - the eldest, sister Vera and brother Yakov. The family lived, like many other families at that time, very modestly. The apartment was small, there was always not enough money. And for all that, they were happy, and all three children felt protected and warmed by parental love and care. The main hobby of the young Secretary General was pigeons. At the age of nine, Leonid was sent to school, which was then called a classical gymnasium. When his schooling ended, he continued it at a local technical school, studying to be a land surveyor, but in absentia, because he went to work at an oil mill to help his family. Leonid Brezhnev literally creates a biography for himself with his own hands, considering it more important than his personal life, sacrificing communication with children for its sake. It's 1930. Not the easiest period in the life of tomorrow's leader. It was at this time that Leonid Ilyich’s father, Ilya Yakovlevich, dies, and Brezhnev is forced to return home. Studying is relegated to the background. Working as a stoker at the Dnepropetrovsk metallurgical enterprise takes a lot of time and effort. But difficulties only spur the future leader. He transfers to evening studies at the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute, receives higher professional education, combining study and work. The birth and development of a political leaderAfter graduating from university, becoming a certified specialist, in 1935 he was called up to serve in the Red Army. Having become a serviceman and then the political leader of a company of tank crews, he graduated from an educational program on motorization and mechanization of the Red Army and returned home with the rank of lieutenant, where he became the director of his native metallurgical technical school. Personal life, family, children are relegated to the background by Leonid Brezhnev, he lives by the needs of his country, creates his own difficult biography. The year 1937 will be decisive for the further political career of Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, which he will devote himself to until his last breath. Already in the spring of 1937, he became deputy chairman of the Dneprodzerzhinsk city executive committee. A little over thirty, he still enjoys chasing pigeons, but is now a high-ranking official in the party apparatus. In 1938, he was appointed to head a department in the Dnepropetrovsk Regional Committee. Next year he is secretary of the regional committee. The Great Patriotic War will begin for him in Dnepropetrovsk, he will be completely immersed in its hardships, starting with mobilization into the Red Army and the evacuation of people and industrial facilities. During the war years, Brezhnev was involved in various political work in the active forces, was awarded many orders and medals of varying degrees, and was promoted to the rank of major general. He ends his military career at the Victory Parade in Moscow in July 1945, leading the column along with the front commander. The difficult post-war years will be another test that will be successfully passed. He is the first secretary of the regional committee of Zaporozhye and is actively involved in the restoration of enterprises destroyed during the war. Brezhnev's friendship with Khrushchev opens the door to the office of Stalin, the then head of state. Appreciating his dedication to his cause and the cause of the party and homeland, in 1950 Stalin appointed Brezhnev first secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU of Moldova. At the same time, he becomes the head of the political department of the Navy and the Soviet Army. In 1954, at the suggestion of Khrushchev, he was appointed to a similar post in Kazakhstan, where he headed the work on the development of virgin land and directly assisted in the preparation and construction of the Baikonur star harbor. In May 1960, Brezhnev L.I. already presides over the highest body of state power. And since October 1964, he was elected First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, the highest government body at that time. Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev will take second place after Stalin in terms of the duration of his reign. But will this leadership be so rosy?Having ascended to the “throne”, the first thing he did was surround himself with people whom he trusted unconditionally. Brezhnev's entourage saw in him, first of all, a leader defending the system. The main goal of the Brezhnev government apparatus was to maintain its own privileges and power. Reformists were oppressed and persecuted, corruption, embezzlement, and bureaucratic bureaucratic arbitrariness flourished. Repression for freethinkers who tried to defend their rights was revived. The year 1967 will be marked by the suppression of the rebellion in Czechoslovakia, where hundreds of freethinkers will die under Soviet tanks, and even more will be tortured in the dungeons of the KGB. And 12 years later, apparently having forgotten about the historical events in Prague, violating his own agreements signed in Helsinki, he will agree to a reckless invasion of Afghanistan. The Vietnamese and Middle Eastern military conflict also did not go unnoticed by the Brezhnev administration, and the preparation of military intervention in the Polish Republic further exacerbated the negativity of the world community regarding the Soviets. During the time that we were building communism, the Soviet Union fell catastrophically behind all the developed countries of the world, the scientific and technological revolution went sideways, the economy fell into complete decline. While remaining the head of government, Leonid Ilyich sincerely tries to make sure that people can reach a higher standard of living, receive better products, and can buy equipment for their home or their own cars. It is not true that this is why memories of Ilyich are so warm and evoke so much nostalgia for bygone years. But his health increasingly fails, he becomes weak and cannot resist the intrigues of his good enemies in the Politburo, refuses conflicts and does not contradict high-ranking “Communist Party comrades.” In November 1982, the Secretary General died at the age of 76. What about your personal life, children? What role did they play in the biography of Leonid Brezhnev?Leonid Ilyich, like Victoria Petrovna, was married only once. On December 11, 1927, Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was legally married to Victoria Petrovna Denisova. Relations in the parental family were involuntarily projected onto the young Brezhnev dynasty. Both believed that the main thing in a family is a feeling of security and love, comfort, as contemporaries would say. And although they often had to live separately, they always tried to adhere to this principle. While her husband was engaged in government affairs, Victoria kept the hearth, raised her children, and then her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. In 1929, a daughter was born, who was named Galina. This is a vivid example of “major” children: restless, hot-tempered, capricious, odious, always acting contrary. Unlike her parents, she only managed to officially get married three times, and extramarital affairs are the stuff of legends. From her first marriage she had only one daughter, Victoria, who was raised by her grandmother. The flamboyant playgirl had strong connections in the criminal world, and she herself was involved in more than one scam. Addicted to alcohol, she ended up in a psychiatric hospital, where she died in 1998. In 1933, their son Yurochka was born. Unlike his sister, he was not such a “star” boy. Having become Deputy Minister for Foreign Trade of the USSR, he reached his apogee. He chose a wife to match himself: calm, intelligent, well-educated. He has two sons: Leonid, so named out of respect for his father, and Andrei. He has four grandchildren and a great-granddaughter. All his life he collected a collection of porcelain dogs. He lived to be 80 years old and passed away in early 2013. For the elder Brezhnev, his circle of relatives was always a reliable support. And no matter how their interpersonal relationships develop, in photographs they always look like a happy family.
In recent years, an increasing number of people have begun to fondly remember the Brezhnev era of stagnation. The presence of stability and social elevators in the mind begins to outweigh the absence of dozens of varieties of sausage and the queue for shortages. Many also note the practical absence of tension in relations between peoples. Therefore, in those days no one was interested in Brezhnev’s nationality. OriginLeonid Ilyich was born on January 1, 1907, although in the Soviet Union his official birthday was considered December 19, 1906. Perhaps the adoption of the old style date of birth was explained by the fact that they wanted to separate the celebration of the New Year from the anniversaries of the first leader. He was born in the village of Kamenskoye (in Soviet times, the city of Dneprodzerzhinsk). In 2016, the city where Brezhnev was born was again returned to its historical name. Father Ilya Yakovlevich (1874-1930) and mother Natalya Denisovna Mazalova (1886-1975) lived in the village of Brezhnevo (now Kursk region) before arriving in Kamenskoye. Leonid Ilyich had a younger brother, Yakov Ilyich (1912-1993), and a sister, Vera Ilyinichna (1910-1997). Brezhnev's nationalityThe metrics and other official documents of the early period, which were stored in the regional archives of Dnepropetrovsk, were confiscated. In one of the rare available documents, a 1935 questionnaire filled out in his own hand, in the “nationality” column Brezhnev wrote - Ukrainian. In later documents he indicated Russian nationality. Many myths are still generated around her, based on the fact that Leonid Ilyich occupied the highest party posts in Moldova and then in Kazakhstan. He is credited with corresponding roots, because the position of first secretary of the party of a Soviet republic was usually held by a representative of local nationality. Stalin considered Brezhnev a Moldavian. As usual, he was “found” to have Jewish roots, as well as Polish, Gypsy and Romanian roots. Leonid Ilyich’s mother spoke Polish well, which she explained by the close proximity to the Poles. Most researchers are of the opinion that Brezhnev’s nationality is Russian with Ukrainian roots. early yearsIn their hometown, the Brezhnev family lived in an ordinary two-story house number 40 on Pelin Avenue, which had four apartments. Later, city residents began to call it “Lenin’s House.” As a child, he loved to play with pigeons, for which a dovecote was built in the yard. The last time Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev came to his homeland was in 1979. He visited his childhood home, and residents had the opportunity to take photos with their former neighbor. The official biography says that he is from a working-class family, but most likely his father was a technical worker at a metallurgical plant, since Ilya Yakovlevich managed to send his eldest son to study at a classical gymnasium in 1915. Leonid Ilyich graduated from it in 1921, by which time the gymnasium had become a labor school. After receiving secondary education, young Brezhnev went to work at the Kursk Oil Mill, where in 1923 he joined the Komsomol. From 1923 to 1927, he studied at the land surveying and reclamation technical school, marrying Victoria Denisova in the year of graduation. Then Leonid Ilyich worked as a land surveyor in Belarus and other regions of the country. In 1931 he became a member of the Communist Party. In 1935 he graduated from the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute. Years of warLeonid Ilyich began the war in October 1941 with the rank of brigade commissar on the Southern and then the Caucasian fronts. In 1943, he became the head of the political department of the 18th Army, which was part of the First Ukrainian Front, where political work was led by N.S. Khrushchev. They had already met in 1931, and Nikita Sergeevich became the mentor of the young Brezhnev. In 1943, he took part in the battles for Novorossiysk, where he sailed with amphibious assault to the Malaya Zemlya bridgehead about 40 times, risking his life. One day, a blast wave threw him into the sea from a seiner, from where Leonid Ilyich was pulled out by sailors. The obsessive propaganda of L. I. Brezhnev’s book “Small Land” in Soviet times made many skeptical about this period of life. But, according to military sources, he really fought bravely. At the Victory Parade, he walked with Commander A.I. Eremenko at the head of the column of the Fourth Ukrainian Front. In the first year after the war, he served in the Carpathian Military District, where he participated in the fight against Ukrainian nationalists. According to one version, it was at this time that Brezhnev began to write his nationality as Russian. The good and the badIn 1964, after the removal of N.S. Khrushchev as a result of a conspiracy in the country’s top leadership, L.I. Brezhnev became the first person in the state. In the first decades, there was a qualitative improvement in the life of the population; the majority of the population gained access to the basic benefits of that time. Then the implementation of the space program and the oil and gas production program in Siberia was successfully launched. However, in the last decades of Brezhnev's rule, due to ineffective economic policies, the cult of personality, and the conservation of the development of social and spiritual life, an era of stagnation began.
And for whom will these Jewish Jews build the third temple? After all, in their Talmuts it is very clearly written that the MESSIAH will come and preach in the second temple, which is exactly what happened! But the Jewish Jews simply apparently do not know how to count, or are simply waiting for their messiah Satan, for this the third temple is being built, and every Jew knows that the MESSIAH is waking up in the SECOND TEMPLE |
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- Dietary potato casserole with minced meat for children
- Simoron rituals for buying an apartment
- What does tiramisu cake look like?
- Buckwheat porridge recipes
- Affirmations for material well-being
- Oatmeal with milk, how to cook oatmeal with pumpkin (recipe)
- Education and formation of conditioned reflexes
- Organs of flowering plants Presentation on the topic of plant organs
- Presentation on environmental pollution Presentation on environmental pollution
- Biology quiz presentation for a biology lesson (8th grade) on the topic Biology riddles