Arguments for an essay on the Russian language.

Nature. Part 2.

The problem of attitude towards nature, animals, struggle with the natural world, interference in the natural world, the beauty of nature, the influence of nature on human character.

Nature is a source of inspiration for a person, immerses him in childhood, makes him think about life. In the novel “Hero of Our Time M.Yu. Lermontov characterizes the influence of nature on a person in the following way: “Moving away from the conditions of society and approaching nature, we involuntarily become children: everything acquired falls away from the soul, and it becomes again the same as it once was and will surely be again someday.”

How should we treat nature?

In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" behavior main character is a great example of how to treat the natural world. The girl felt that the forest was alive, and therefore she looked after it and protected every forest inhabitant from the harmful human influences. Olesya understood that not all people are able to feel and empathize with every blade of grass, every tree, and therefore did everything in her power to help the forest, for which she was awarded the gift of foresight and healing.

How does man influence nature?

People often have a consumerist attitude towards nature: they cut down forests, drain rivers and lakes, exterminate entire species of animals, without in any way compensating for the consequences of their actions.
Ray Bradbury's novel The Martian Chronicles describes in detail the impact of man on the natural world. Having polluted their planet, turning it into huge megacities, people began to explore distant Mars, already inhabited by inhabitants. Martians are very different from earthlings in this respect: they are closely connected with the nature of their planet. Half of their houses consist of living natural formations; they themselves actively use the gifts of their nature in their everyday life. Their peaceful existence was violated by the inhabitants of planet Earth. Having begun the settlement of Mars, people not only destroyed all the Martians, but also began to exterminate the Martian culture, imposing their own rules on the new world.

Why should we take care of nature?

What is the role of nature in Russian culture?

Remember Koltsov:

Oh, my steppe,
The steppe is free,
You are wide, steppe,
Spread out,
To the Black Sea
Move forward!

The wide space has always captured the hearts of Russians. It resulted in concepts and ideas that do not exist in other languages. How, for example, does will differ from freedom? Because free will is freedom combined with space, with unobstructed space. And the concept of melancholy, on the contrary, is connected with the concept of cramped space, deprivation of space. To oppress a person is to deprive him of space in the literal and figurative sense of the word.

And man needed a large, open nature, with a huge horizon. That's why it's so loved folk song pole-field. Will is large spaces through which you can walk and walk, wander, swim with the flow of large rivers and long distances, breathe free air, inhale the wind widely, feel the sky above your head, be able to move in different directions - as you please.

Russian lyrical lingering song - it also has a longing for space. And it is best sung outside the home, in the wild, in the field.
The ringing of the bell had to be heard as far as possible. Driving fast is also a desire for space.

But the same special attitude to space and space is visible in epics. Mikula Selyaninovich follows the plow from end to end of the field. Volga has to catch up with him for three days on young Bukhara stallions.

They heard a plowman in the pure poly,
Plowman-plowman.
They rode for a day in clean poly,
They didn’t run into the plowman,
And on another day we drove from morning to evening.
They didn’t run into the plowman,
And on the third day we rode from morning to evening,
They came to the plowman.

There is a sense of space in the beginnings of epics describing Russian nature, and in the desires of heroes, Volga, for example:

Volga wanted a lot of wisdom:
The Volga walks like a pike fish in the blue seas,
Volga fly like a falcon bird under the clouds,
Like a wolf and scour the open fields.
Even the description of the towers that Solovy Budimirovich’s “good squad” is building in the garden near Zabava Putyatichny contains the same delight in the enormity of nature.
Well decorated in the towers:
There is sun in the sky - there is sun in the mansion;
There is a month in the sky - there is a month in the palace;
There are stars in the sky - there are stars in the mansion;
Dawn in the sky - dawn in the mansion
And all the beauty of heaven.

Delight in the open spaces is already present in ancient Russian literature - in the Primary Chronicle, in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, in the “Tale of the Destruction of the Russian Land”, in “The Life of Alexander Nevsky”, and in almost every work ancient period XI-XIII centuries. Everywhere, events either cover vast spaces, as in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign,” or take place among vast spaces with echoes in distant countries, as in “The Life of Alexander Nevsky.” Russian culture has long considered freedom and space to be the greatest aesthetic and ethical good for humans.

The problem of the relationship between man and nature. How do humans and nature interact?

Nature has its own culture. Therefore, the relationship between nature and man is a relationship between two cultures, each of which is “social” in its own way, communal, and has its own “rules of behavior.” And their meeting is built on a kind of moral foundation. Both crops are fruit historical development, and the development of human culture has been taking place under the influence of nature for a long time (since humanity has existed), and the development of nature with its multimillion-year existence is relatively recent and not everywhere under the influence of human culture.

One (natural culture) can exist without the other (human), but the other (human) cannot. But still for many past centuries There was a balance between nature and man. Equilibrium is everywhere its own and everywhere on some kind of its own, special basis, with its own axis. In the north in Russia there was more “nature”, and the further south and closer to the steppe, the more “man”.
The landscape of Russia throughout its heroic space seems to be pulsating, it either discharges and becomes more natural, or condenses in villages, graveyards and cities, and becomes more human.
The old Russian city is not opposed to nature. He goes to nature through the suburbs. Hundreds of years ago, he clung to the walls of the city, to the rampart and moat, with vegetable gardens and orchards, he clung to the surrounding fields and forests, taking from them a few trees, a few vegetable gardens, a little water into his ponds and wells. And all this in the ebb and flow of hidden and obvious rhythms - beds, streets, houses, logs, pavement blocks and bridges.

What is characteristic of the Russian landscape?

Argument from the book by D.S. Likhachev "Letters about the good and the beautiful"

In Russian landscape painting there are a lot of works dedicated to the seasons: autumn, spring, winter - favorite themes of Russian landscape painting throughout the 19th century and later. And most importantly, it does not contain unchanging elements of nature, but most often temporary ones: early or late autumn, spring waters, melting snow, rain, thunderstorm, winter sun peeking out for a moment from behind heavy winter clouds, etc.

In Russian nature there are no eternal things that do not change in different times years of large objects such as mountains, evergreen trees. Everything in Russian nature is inconsistent in color and condition. An eternal masquerade, an eternal celebration of colors and lines, eternal movement - within the limits of a year or a day.

All these changes exist, of course, in other countries, but in Russia they seem to be most noticeable thanks to Russian painting, starting with Venetsianov and Martynov. Russia has a continental climate, and this continental climate creates a particularly harsh winter and a particularly hot summer, a long spring shimmering with all shades of colors, in which every week brings with it something new, a protracted autumn, in which there is its very beginning with an extraordinary the transparency of the air, sung by Tyutchev, and the special silence characteristic only of August, and late fall, which Pushkin loved so much.

But in Russia, unlike the south, especially somewhere on the shores of the White Sea or White Lake, there are unusually long evenings with the setting sun, which creates free play of colors, changing literally in five-minute intervals, a whole “ballet of colors”, and wonderful – long, long – sunrises. There are moments (especially in spring) when the sun “plays” as if it had been cut by an experienced lapidary. White nights and “black”, dark days in December create not only a diverse range of colors, but also an extremely rich emotional palette. And Russian poetry responds to all this diversity.

Venetsianov already has a characteristic feature of the Russian landscape. It is also present in Vasiliev’s early spring. It had a major impact on Levitan’s work. This inconstancy and instability of time is a feature that seems to connect the people of Russia with its landscapes.
National traits You can’t exaggerate or make them exceptional. National characteristics- these are only some accents, and not qualities that are absent in others. National characteristics bring people together, interest people of other nationalities, and do not remove people from the national environment of other peoples, do not close peoples within themselves. Nations are not walled communities, but harmoniously coordinated associations.

Therefore, if I talk about what is characteristic of Russian landscape or Russian poetry, then these same properties, but, however, to some other extent, are also characteristic of other countries and peoples. The national traits of a people exist not in themselves and for themselves, but also for others. They become clear only when viewed from the outside and in comparison, therefore they must be understandable for other peoples; they must exist in some other arrangement among others.

Beautiful, wonderful, magnificent, sometimes harsh, tough - all this can be said about nature. Every person feels nature, this is an innate feeling. It's drowned out bad upbringing, violence, false ideas.

There is hardly anyone who will be absolutely indifferent to natural beauties - sunrise and sunset, the night starry sky, and many other beauties, you can’t list everything. But for some, beauty is the smog of the city, the nightly burning signs of shops, bars, modern equipped cars. If such a person is brought to a beautiful

A forest, or a clearing with a variety of wildflowers, he is unlikely to appreciate such beauty...

Understanding the beauty of the natural world around us is not achieved by what we are accustomed to consuming rather than giving. Society is fixated on its own self. Humanity began to develop, increasingly destroying nature, cutting down entire forests in order to build something necessary and profitable in this place. Technological progress rushes forward, overshadowing the natural, that which is our source.

Of course, having reached the most secluded natural corners of the planet, man saw and learned a lot. To extract something from the depths

Earth, you need to put in a lot of work. Salt in the Sahara Desert is still obtained through hard physical labor - mixing the solution with your feet in the sun, collecting salt by hand, making dishes and swimming pools.

Thanks to human labor, nature also becomes better. During the extraction of salt by Africans, you can see the following picture - a dried-out space of sand with many gaping holes that are filled with moisture and clay. The view is somehow unearthly. During evaporation, the color changes - sometimes red, sometimes orange, sometimes gold. It’s difficult to convey in words the beauty that appears before your eyes! In this process, nature united with man.

How much literary works written about nature... Shukshin in his story “The Sun, the Old Man and the Girl” wrote about an 80-year-old old man who spent all his time admiring natural beauties. Despite the fact that he is blind. That is, you can enjoy not only visually, but also sensations and feelings.

The poem “Winter Morning” by Pushkin shows admiration for the winter views that appear before the hero’s eyes. When you read it, it’s as if you are immersed in that atmosphere and feel the winter coolness.

IN modern society The problem of our natural perception and understanding of the need to preserve nature is very acute. Only when we begin to protect and care for the world around us, then we will be able to truly understand and enjoy all its beauties.

Where nature is alive, the human soul is alive. In the novel, in the ninth chapter, “Oblomov’s Dream,” the author depicts a corner of Russia blessed by God. Oblomovka is a patriarchal paradise on earth.

The sky there, on the contrary, seems to be pressing closer to the earth, but not in order to throw arrows more powerfully, but perhaps only to hug it tighter, with love: it spreads out so low above your head, like a parent’s reliable roof, to protect it, it seems , a chosen corner from all adversity. The sun shines there brightly and hotly for about six months and then does not suddenly leave there, as if reluctantly, as if it were turning back to look once or twice at its favorite place and give it a clear, warm day in the fall, amidst bad weather.

All nature protects the inhabitants of Oblomovka from adversity, living life in such a blessed place, people are in harmony with the world and themselves. Their souls are pure, there are no dirty gossip, clashes, or searches for profit. Everything is peaceful and friendly. Oblomov is a product of this world. He has kindness, soul, generosity, attention to his neighbor, something for which Stolz values ​​him so much and Olga fell in love with him.

2. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

The main character, commoner Bazarov, due to his convictions, considers nature not a temple, but a workshop. His point of view is that all trees are the same. However, arriving at his native estate, he tells Arkady that the aspen tree over the cliff was his talisman in childhood. Now he supposedly understands that he was little and looked for signs of goodness in everything. Why, during the development of his passionate feelings for Odintsova, does the freshness of the night rushing through the window make such an impression on him? He is ready to fall at Odintsova’s feet, he hates himself for this feeling. Isn’t this the influence of that very workshop for research and experiments? It’s a pity that Yevgeny Bazarov’s experience will end so badly.

3. I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco"

The trip to Europe does not happen at all according to the plan that was drawn up by the man who considers himself a master. Instead of the bright sun and bright days nature greets the heroes gloomily, unsmilingly: “The morning sun deceived every day: from midday it invariably turned gray and began to rain, and it became thicker and colder; then the palm trees at the entrance of the hotel sparkled with tin,” - that’s how nature was, as if it didn’t want to give its warmth and light to these overly boring gentlemen. However, after the death of the master, the sky cleared, the sun shone, and over the whole world: “... a whole country, joyful, beautiful, sunny, stretched below them: the rocky humps of the island, which almost all lay at their feet, and that fabulous blue in which he floated, and the shining morning steam over the sea to the east, under the dazzling sun, which was already warming hotly, rising higher and higher, and the foggy azure, still unsteady in the morning, massifs of Italy, its near and distant mountains, the beauty of which is powerless to express human word" Only real people like the famous fisherman Lorenzo can live next to such nature.

4. V.G. Rasputin "To the same land"

The main character, Pashuta, a woman with an ambiguous fate, devoted her entire life to the great Soviet construction project. Years passed, when the plant came into operation and began producing products, the city lost its charm as a pure taiga settlement.

The city gradually acquired a different glory. Using cheap electricity, aluminum was smelted at the world's largest plant, and cellulose was cooked at the world's largest timber complex. From fluorine, forests withered away for tens and hundreds of miles around, from methyl mercaptan they clogged up the windows in apartments, caulked cracks and still broke into a suffocating cough. Twenty years after the hydroelectric station gave power, the city became one of the most dangerous for health. They were building a city of the future, and they built a slow-acting gas chamber in the open air.

People have lost connections with each other, every man for himself - this is the motto of this world. By destroying nature, we destroy ourselves, our future.

The problem of perceiving the beauty of nature. Essay on the Unified State Examination

In his text, Yuri Olesha raises current problem human perception of the beauty of nature G.

By inviting us to think, the author shows us that each person perceives the beauty of nature in his own way. Reading the text, we notice that the most beautiful thing for the narrator is G a pine tree that leaned back a little, and he thought it was magnificent given its height. The pine tree was illuminated by the sunset that betrayed O, G its trunk had a beautiful blush, and its needles were deep green. He remembered this tree for the rest of his life. Thus we see that beauty can be found G next to us, but we may not notice this beauty.
Reading the text further, we see that the narrator speaks with admiration about the Sun. It says that human life cannot do without the participation of the Sun, both real and metaphorical. Wherever a person goes, so that he does not ABOUT did P The sun will always be next to him and delight him with its rays. So we can say that the nature around us is full of the beauty of the entire surrounding world. R

Careful reading of Yuri Olesha's text helps me understand main idea author. In his opinion, the nature that surrounds us P beautiful and unique, a person only needs to see this beauty of nature, but still not every person is able to see its beauty. R

It’s hard to disagree with this, because beauty is nature G surrounding us, awakens a feeling of joy, happiness, it gives birth to life, its beauty fills human soul delightful and mesmerizing.

In conclusion, I would like to say that nature plays an important role in human life. The perception of nature depends on a person’s attitude towards it. After all, those who truly appreciate nature will perceive everything around them with admiration. And therefore the beauty of nature needs to be noticed, appreciated and respected by everything that surrounds us P and only then can we realize that humanity is very closely connected ABOUT with nature and needs it.

R- speech error.
G- grammar mistake.
P- punctuation error.
ABOUT- spelling mistake
L- logical error

Text by Yu. Olesha

Nature is all living things around us: fields, rivers, lakes, seas... And all of ours depends on the wealth of the earth, the health of living nature. But each person has his own attitude towards it. The author convinces us of this, raising the important problem of perceiving the beauty of nature.

In our difficult time it is extremely relevant. One feels that the hero-narrator loves his native village, its river, meadows and fields. This feeling is intertwined in his soul with another - love for Valeria, to which he reveals his soul. Author's position sounds at the end of the text. Vladimir Soloukhin believes that one cannot doubt the “power of nature.” A person needs only a single water lily that will delight him and warm his soul with love for nature.

I agree with the author's position. The beauty of nature affects people in its own way. She saturates me with energy, gives me vitality. This is an opportunity to survive in the living conditions of a metropolis. Nature educates every person, making him kinder, better, richer. I can confirm what has been said with a number of examples.

Evgeny Bazarov, the hero of I. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” perceives nature in his own way. He says: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” He is not a contemplator of beauty, but a man of action who believes that nature should be useful. Here is another example from the literature. Everyone knows the famous “oak tree scene” from the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". This tree helped the main character, Andrei Bolkonsky, reconsider his views on life.

Nature is both a temple and a workshop for humans. Anyone who is indifferent to it impoverishes himself. We must always remember the words of Mikhail Prishvin: “We are the masters of our nature, and for us it is a storehouse of the sun.”