Vegetable oil has been consumed as food, used for beauty and health for many centuries. Depending on the geographical location, each people had their own familiar oils. In Rus' it was hemp, in the Mediterranean - olive, in Asia - palm and coconut. An imperial delicacy, a cure for a hundred diseases, a natural pharmacy - vegetable oil has been called various names at different times. What are the benefits of vegetable fats and how are they used today?

The enormous energy potential of vegetable fats is explained by their purpose. They are found in seeds and other parts of the plant and represent a building reserve for the plant. The amount of fat in oilseeds depends on the geographic area and its climatic conditions.

Sunflower oil is one of the varieties of vegetable oil and a purely Russian product. It began to be obtained from sunflower seeds at the beginning of the 19th century, when the plant was brought to our country. Today the Russian Federation is the largest global supplier of this product. Vegetable oils are divided into two categories - base and essential. They differ in purpose, raw materials and production method.

Table: differences between base and essential oils

According to consistency, vegetable oils are of two types - liquid and solid. Liquids make up the vast majority.

Solid or butter oils include oils that retain a liquid consistency only at temperatures above 30°C. Butters of natural origin - coconut, mango, shea, cocoa and palm oil.

Methods of obtaining

Vegetable oils differ in the technology of their extraction from plants. Cold pressing is the most gentle way to process raw materials (it must be of the highest quality). The seeds are placed under a press and squeezed at high pressure. Next, the resulting oily liquid is settled, filtered and bottled. At the exit from the raw material, no more than 27% of the fats contained in it are obtained. This is the healthiest product called cold pressed oil.

Pressing after heat treatment allows the use of seeds of any quality. They are preheated in a roasting pan and then squeezed out. Yield - 43%. In this case, some of the beneficial properties of the oil are lost.

Extraction is the most productive and cheapest way to obtain organic oil. It is used to work with low-oil raw materials. The extraction method takes advantage of the ability of vegetable fats to dissolve under the influence of chemicals. Petroleum products (gasoline fractions) are used as solvents. Then they are evaporated, and the residues are removed with alkali. It is impossible to obtain harmless vegetable oil in this way; some of the chemicals remain in it even after the most thorough cleaning.

Photo gallery: types of vegetable oils

Frozen oil is used for baby and dietary food Refined oil is widely used in cooking Unrefined oil can only be consumed cold

The extracted oil is converted into refined oil through several stages of purification:

• hydration is a method of removing phospholipids from crude oil, which precipitate during long-term storage and transportation and make the oil cloudy;
• alkali neutralization is used to remove free fatty acids (soaps);
• waxes are removed by freezing;
• physical refining finally removes acids, removes odor and color.

The freezing method is used not only for refined oils.

Vegetable fats obtained by pressing and then purified by freezing are used in baby and dietary foods.

The best frozen vegetable oils are sunflower and olive. Olive oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids that do not lose their beneficial properties when heated.

What are the benefits of vegetable oils?

The biological value of vegetable oils is determined by their fatty acid composition and the amount of accompanying substances:

1. Saturated fatty acids predominate in butter, sesame, soybean and cottonseed oil. They give the product antiseptic properties, inhibit the growth of fungi and pathogenic microflora, and promote the synthesis of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid. Some of them are used as an emulsifier in skin care cosmetics and medicinal ointments and creams.
2. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) – oleic, palmitoleic (omega 7). Oleic acid is found in large quantities in olive, grape, rapeseed and rapeseed oil. The main function of MUFA is to stimulate metabolism. They prevent cholesterol from sticking to the walls of blood vessels, normalize the permeability of cell membranes, and have hepatoprotective properties.
3. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – linoleic (essential PUFA), alpha-linoleic (omega 3) and gamma-linoleic (omega 6). Contained in flaxseed, sunflower, olive, soybean, rapeseed, corn, mustard, sesame, pumpkin, and cedar oil. PUFAs improve the structure of vascular walls, participate in the synthesis of hormones, and prevent atherosclerosis.
4. Associated substances in vegetable oils are vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2 and nicotinic acid (PP). An essential component of vegetable fats is phospholipids. They are most often found in the form of phosphatidylcholine (formerly called lecithin). The substance promotes the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients, normalizes cholesterol metabolism, and prevents the accumulation of fats in the liver.

In Russia, the most popular edible oils are sunflower and olive. In addition to them, there are more than a dozen vegetable fats that have excellent taste and beneficial properties.

Table: beneficial properties of vegetable oils

Rating of usefulness of vegetable oils

Nutritionists advise expanding the range of vegetable oils and keeping 4-5 types on the kitchen shelf, alternating their use.

Olive

The leader among edible vegetable oils is olive. In composition it competes with sunflower, but has one indisputable advantage. Olive oil is the only vegetable fat that can be used for frying. Oleic acid, its main component, does not oxidize when heated and does not form harmful substances. Olive oil contains fewer vitamins than sunflower oil, but its fat composition is better balanced.

Sunflower

Next to olive oil, unrefined sunflower oil deservedly takes its place on the podium. Nutritionists consider it an essential product in the diet. Sunflower oil is a leader in vitamin content, especially tocopherol (one of the most powerful antioxidants).

Linen

Flaxseed oil is the lowest in calories and is equally beneficial for women and men. It is recommended to be used for breast and prostate cancer; it is good for skin and hair. The oil is taken as a medicine, used on salads and used externally.

Mustard

Mustard oil is a home doctor and a natural preservative. It contains bactericidal esters, which gives it the properties of a natural antibiotic. Products seasoned with mustard oil stay fresh longer. Heating does not deprive the product of its beneficial qualities. Baked goods with mustard oil stay fresh longer and do not go stale.

Sesame

Sesame seed oil is the leader in calcium content. It is useful to use for gout - it removes harmful salts from the joints. Dark-colored oil is used only when cold, light-colored oil is suitable for frying.

What are the benefits of vegetable oils for women and men?

Cedar and mustard oil in a woman’s diet is not only “food” for the mind and beauty. They are good for women's health. The substances in their composition help:

• normalize the balance of hormones, especially during the premenstrual and menopausal periods;
• reduce the risk of infertility;
• prevent the formation of fibrous tumors;
• improve the course of pregnancy;
• increase the quantity of breast milk and improve its quality.

For men, mustard oil will help protect themselves from prostate diseases and increase fertility (the ability to fertilize).

Photo gallery: oils for women's and men's health

Mustard oil normalizes hormonal balance in women Cedar oil improves reproductive function Flaxseed oil increases potency

Flaxseed oil is another product for maintaining beauty, youth and women's health. Its constant use helps to delay the period of withering thanks to phytoestrogens. It has a beneficial effect on a woman’s condition during pregnancy, improves the condition of blood vessels, preventing the development of varicose veins.

Flaxseed oil is a “male” product that allows you to achieve a lasting increase in potency. Improving erection is achieved through a beneficial effect on the elasticity of the vessels of the penis and their blood supply. In addition, flaxseed oil promotes increased testosterone production, improving male reproductive function. Pine nut, black cumin, pumpkin and olive oils have a similar effect.

Vegetable oils for children

Children need vegetable fats no less than adults. They are added to the first complementary foods in homemade vegetable purees (it is already added to industrially produced vegetable mixtures). You should start with 1-2 drops of oil per serving. A one-year-old child is given at least 5 g, distributing this amount in the daily diet. Oils useful for children:

• sesame is ideal for baby food due to its easily digestible form of calcium;
• cedar is recommended by pediatricians to prevent rickets and iodine deficiency;
• olive has the most balanced composition for baby food;
• unrefined sunflower is rich in vitamins;
• flaxseed promotes the proper formation of brain tissue;
• mustard is a champion in vitamin D content;
• Walnut oil has a rich mineral composition, suitable for weakened children and during the recovery period after illness.

Baby creams saturated with fragrances and dyes are replaced with vegetable oil.

To care for diaper rash and folds, use sunflower oil boiled in a water bath. Coconut, corn, peach and almond are allowed for infant massage.

Consumption standards

On average, an adult man needs from 80 to 150 g of fat per day, a woman - 65-100 g. A third of this amount should be fats of vegetable origin (1.5-2 tablespoons), and for older people - 50% of the total fat consumed (2-3 tablespoons). The total amount is calculated based on the requirement of 0.8 g per 1 kg of weight. Daily requirement of a child:

• from 1 to 3 years - 6–9 g;
• from 3 to 8 years - 10–13 g;
• from 8 to 10 years - 15 g;
• over 10 years old - 18–20 years.

One tablespoon is 17 g of vegetable oil.

Use of vegetable oils

In addition to cooking, vegetable oils are used for medicinal, cosmetic purposes and for weight loss.

Treatment and recovery

For the oil to provide health benefits, it should be taken on an empty stomach:

• any edible vegetable oil taken in the morning relieves constipation (use no more than three days in a row);
• for gastritis, colitis, bile stasis and stomach ulcers, it is recommended to drink 1 teaspoon of oil two to three times a day before meals;
• To relieve hemorrhoids, take one teaspoon of oil 3 times a day an hour before meals.

1. Pumpkin seed oil is taken one tablespoon before meals three times a day for two weeks.
2. Flaxseed oil is taken orally three times a day, a teaspoon before meals. Another teaspoon can be added to the salad. Additionally, the oil is used in microenemas - add a tablespoon of the product per 100 ml. The enema is done at night, but it is advisable not to empty the intestines until the morning.
3. Castor oil in combination with cognac is considered an effective remedy against helminths. The same amount of cognac is added to the oil heated to body temperature (50–80 g). The time to take the mixture is morning or evening. Treatment is continued until the feces are cleared of worms.
4. Unrefined olive oil (1/2 liter) is infused for three days in a cool place with 500 g of garlic. Then 300 g of rye flour is mixed in. The course of treatment is 30 days, a teaspoon three times a day.

Why is it good to rinse your mouth with vegetable oil?

Therapeutic oil rinses were practiced several centuries ago in India. In the last century, doctors recognized this method of cleaning the oral cavity. Pathogenic microbes have a fatty shell that dissolves upon contact with vegetable oils. Thus, the oral cavity is disinfected, gum inflammation is reduced and the risk of caries is reduced.

Rinsing is done with sunflower, olive, sesame and linseed oil. To do this, take two teaspoons of the product and roll it in your mouth for 20 minutes. The oil mixes with saliva, increases in volume and becomes thick. Then they spit it out, rinse their mouth with warm water and only after that brush their teeth. You need to start the procedure with 5 minutes. It is enough to rinse your mouth with flaxseed oil for 10 minutes.

Gargles not only help to preserve the health of your teeth and gums, they make breathing easier and relieve sore throats.

Using olive oil in this way can cure a sore throat. Coconut oil additionally whitens teeth.

Video: how to treat yourself with vegetable oil: grandma’s recipes

Vegetable oils for weight loss

The effect of losing weight with the help of vegetable oils is achieved by gently cleansing the body, saturating it with useful substances and increasing their absorption from other foods. In addition, oils have the ability to reduce appetite. For weight loss, use olive, flaxseed, castor and milk thistle oils.

Flaxseed oil is taken on an empty stomach, one teaspoon at a time. During the first week, its volume is gradually increased to 1 tablespoon. The course is two months. One teaspoon of olive oil in the morning on an empty stomach will further increase the body's defenses and improve skin health.

Castor oil cleanses the intestines well. You can take it for no more than a week, 1 tablespoon half an hour before breakfast. After a week, the course can be repeated. Milk thistle oil is also taken on an empty stomach, 1 teaspoon, with cold water.

The use of oils in cosmetology

In addition to edible oils, there are many vegetable fats used exclusively in cosmetology. They successfully replace creams, ready-made masks and other skin and hair care products.

Skin care

Avocado, macadamia, grape seed, and olive oils restore and moisturize dry, flaky skin. Corn and cedar oils add elasticity to aging skin. Jojoba oil nourishes and smoothes the epidermis. They can be used in their pure form or made into masks.

A nourishing and moisturizing mask for aging skin includes warmed cocoa butter (1 tbsp), rosehip and sea buckthorn butter (1 teaspoon each) and vitamins A and E (4 drops each) added to 1 tbsp. spoon of cream. Step-by-step care will help invigorate tired skin:

• wash your face with water mixed with corn oil (1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water);
• make a compress with a weak soda solution;
• apply cabbage leaf paste to the skin;
• Rinse off the cabbage mask with warm water.

Hair care

Oil masks are especially useful for dry and weakened hair. They eliminate dandruff, restore the hair shaft, nourish the scalp and hair follicles. Grapeseed and almond oil are suitable for oily hair. Dry hair prefers burdock, coconut and olive oil. Jojoba, burdock, grape seed and castor oil help against dandruff.

If you take a tablespoon of flaxseed oil in the morning on an empty stomach, your hair will become thick and shiny.

Damaged hair is treated with a cotton oil mask. It is rubbed into the scalp, wrapped in a towel and kept for an hour. Then the hair is rinsed with warm water. Warmed olive oil (2 tbsp) combined with 1 tbsp will get rid of split ends. a spoonful of vinegar and a chicken egg. The mixture is applied to the ends of the strands and left for 30 minutes, then washed off with water.

Nail, eyelash and eyebrow care

Oils are an excellent care for the nail plate, they prevent delamination, strengthen and make it less brittle:

• to strengthen nails, prepare a mixture of 2 tablespoons of almond oil, 3 drops of bergamot ether and 2 drops of myrrh;
• a mask made of olive oil (2 tablespoons), lemon esters (3 drops), eucalyptus (2 drops) and vitamins A and E (2 drops each) will accelerate the growth of the nail plate;
• Jojoba oil (2 tablespoons), eucalyptus ether (2 drops), lemon and rose esters (3 drops each) will add shine to your nails.

For various reasons, eyelashes may fall out, and areas of alopecia may appear on the eyebrows. Three “magic” oils will save the situation - olive, castor and almond. They will provide nutrition to the hair follicles and enrich the skin with vitamins. Daily massage of the eyebrow arches with one of the oils will make hair growth thicker. Apply oil to eyelashes using a thoroughly washed mascara brush.

Vegetable oils for massage

Vegetable oils that do not thicken when heated and do not leave a greasy film on the body are suitable for massage. You can use one oil or prepare a mixture, but no more than 4-5 components. The most useful are those obtained by cold pressing. They are rich in vitamins that are beneficial for the skin.

Flax seed and wheat germ oil soothes the skin and heals wounds; carrot oil is suitable for aging skin. Cocoa, jojoba, peach, palm and safflower oils can be used on any skin.

Contraindications and possible harm

Unrefined vegetable oils are harmful if used for frying. The compounds they contain oxidize and turn into carcinogens. The exception is olive oil. Vegetable fats are a high-calorie product; they should not be abused by people with obesity and a tendency towards it. Medical contraindications:

• acute pancreatitis;
• cholelithiasis (you can’t use the oil in its pure form);
• thrombophlebitis and heart disease (sesame oil is prohibited);
• allergies (peanut butter).

Oil is damaged if stored improperly and if the expiration date is exceeded. Nutritionists advise not to overuse rapeseed and soybean oil, since the raw materials may be GMO.

Video: vegetable oil - the choice of a nutritionist

There are heated debates surrounding the benefits and harms of vegetable oils. One thing is obvious - our body needs them, but in moderation. And they will only bring benefits if stored and used correctly.

All oils are usually divided into 3 groups, depending on which fats predominate in their composition: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.

It’s just that there are two completely opposite opinions regarding the benefits and harms of different groups of oils. The first claim that saturated oils bring the greatest harm to our body, while both groups of unsaturated oils bring one continuous benefit. The latter say that everything is just the opposite - saturated oils bring a lot of benefits, while unsaturated oils cause irreparable harm to our health.

In this article, I tried to figure out which oils are harmful and which are beneficial, having considered all the arguments for and against, although without claiming to be the “ultimate truth”.

BENEFITS and HARM OF OILS

As we have already said, all oils are divided into 3 groups: saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. Strictly speaking, each oil contains all 3 types of fatty acids in varying proportions. However, we classify oil into one group or another, in accordance with the type of fatty acids predominant in its composition.

Let me clarify that when I talk about the benefits and harms of various oils, I mean their consumption in food, and not their use in cosmetics. Since it is the harm and benefits of oils as food products that cause controversy, but no one doubts the benefits of their use in cosmetics.

The harm and benefits of saturated oils.

Saturated fats are made up of molecules with single bonds between carbon atoms. Saturated oils are characterized by the fact that at room temperature they become solid and lose their transparency.

The first part of the article on the benefits and harms of oils is devoted to saturated fats. It examines in particular detail the beneficial and harmful properties of tropical vegetable oils (coconut, palm and cocoa butter), since these oils differ greatly from each other in many respects. Here is the content of the first part:

Harm and benefits of saturated oils: animal fats and oils.

It can be assumed that the bad reputation of saturated fats is based precisely on the fact that their main (almost the only) source is the products of the meat and dairy industry.

However, according to some scientists, animal fats are not actually saturated, but are polyunsaturated fats, which is a consequence of the unnatural nutrition of animals in the meat and dairy industry. And all the harm attributed to saturated fats actually applies to polyunsaturated fats. It is difficult for me to judge how true this statement is, but it has no practical significance, since I have no doubt that animal fats are harmful, whether they are saturated or not.

Vegetable saturated oils include (,,).

Harm and benefits of saturated oils: hydrogenated oils - margarine.

Margarine, like animal fats and oils, is not discussed in detail in this article, since its harm to health is generally recognized and has not been disputed by anyone for a long time. For the sake of order, let us recall what is harmful about margarine. During the production of this product, designed to replace butter, hydrogenation of fats occurs. It leads to the formation of trans isomers of fatty acids, which are practically absent in butter and vegetable oils and are therefore unusual for our body. The proportion of trans isomers in hydrogenated margarine reaches 40%. They increase the level of “bad” cholesterol in the blood, disrupt the normal functioning of cell membranes, contribute to the development of vascular diseases, and negatively affect sexual potency. But I have nothing to say in favor of margarine.

Harm and benefits of saturated oils: tropical vegetable oils.

Thus, the main objects of our discussion regarding benefits and harms of saturated fats are vegetable oils of tropical origin:

Consider the benefits and harms of all tropical oils it won't work at the same time. They differ too much in composition and properties, so we will have to talk about the benefits and harms of each oil separately. But I’ll say right away that we will talk about the benefits and harms of unrefined cold-pressed oils. Because refined, deodorized oils, as well as oils obtained by a method other than cold pressing, lose most of their beneficial properties.

The harm and benefits of coconut oil.

Coconut oil has long been used by residents of tropical countries. Lately, many people are afraid that eating this oil will harm their health. What ruined the reputation of coconut oil?

The harm and benefits of coconut oil for the heart and blood vessels.

Of course, the phrase is “saturated fat.” 92% of the fat in coconut oil is saturated fat (by comparison, butter contains only 66% saturated fat). Many people have heard that eating saturated fat increases the level of “bad” cholesterol in the blood and harms the heart and blood vessels. But cholesterol is found only in fats and oils of animal origin. Coconut oil, like any vegetable oil, does not contain cholesterol.

Moreover, according to the Harvard School of Public Health, coconut oil helps increase levels of "good" cholesterol - HDL. But low levels of “good” cholesterol are a risk factor for heart disease!

Thus, the harm of coconut oil to the heart and blood vessels is a myth. The benefits of coconut oil for the heart and blood vessels can be considered proven.

The harm and benefit of coconut oil is the absorption of saturated fats.

Continuing the conversation about saturated fats, it should be said that usually (in animal fats and oils) they consist of short chains of fatty acids. And coconut oil contains medium chain saturated fatty acids. Leading scientists now recognize that just as there is good cholesterol, there is also good saturated fat.

Saturated fats from coconut oil are easily digestible due to the relatively low melting point of the fatty acids they contain. The melting point of coconut oil is only 24-26 degrees. This means that coconut oil melts immediately as soon as it enters the human body and is easily absorbed by the human body. For comparison: the melting point of animal fat ranges from 36-52 degrees. Pork fat has the lowest temperature (36-42 degrees), and beef fat has the highest (42-52 degrees), which is significantly higher than body temperature, which determines the lower digestibility of animal fat. The exception is butter - it melts at a temperature of 32-35 degrees, which is still significantly higher than the melting point of coconut oil.

In fairness, it should be clarified that those fats whose melting point is higher than body temperature can still be partially digested, although not completely, with the help of the lipase enzyme. But in the body of an adult the amount of this enzyme is very small.

It turns out that the harm of saturated fats due to their poor digestibility does not apply to coconut oil. On the contrary, we can talk about the benefits of coconut oil, which consists in its easy digestibility due to its low melting point.

The harm and benefits of coconut oil for weight loss.

How does coconut oil affect body weight? Short and medium chain fatty acids (found in saturated fats) are absorbed directly through the portal vein into the liver, where they are immediately ready for use by the body. But when we eat long-chain fatty acids, they are converted into an emulsion by bile salts in the small intestine before being absorbed by the body.

How does this affect body weight? Most of the saturated fat from coconut oil is easily digested and immediately converted into energy. Saturated fatty acids, unlike unsaturated fatty acids, simply cannot be stored as fat in our body because they are immediately converted into energy and used by the body.

Medium-chain fatty acids, which coconut oil mainly consists of, speed up metabolism and lead to weight loss. Also, by speeding up metabolism, coconut oil helps raise your base body temperature.

This proves the benefits of coconut oil for weight loss.

We have analyzed all the complaints about coconut oil and came to the conclusion that it does not cause harm to health, but, on the contrary, in all respects it can only bring benefits. But besides all of the above, there are several additional arguments in favor of eating coconut oil.

The benefits of coconut oil are additional factors.

Health benefits of coconut oil. Coconut oil strengthens the immune system, normalizes metabolism and thyroid function, improves digestion, reduces the risk of cancer, contains 10 types of fatty acids with a medium carbon chain length, each of which is a nutrient, improves the absorption of vitamins and minerals, promotes rejuvenation, due to its high antioxidant content.

You can read more about the benefits of coconut oil in the article The Healthiest Oils (Healthy Coconut Oil).

Conclusion: the harm of coconut oil has not been found, and the benefits of coconut oil have been proven.

Harm and benefits of cocoa butter.

But frying cocoa butter, unlike coconut oil, is not recommended - after heating above 40-50, its beneficial qualities are lost. However, the content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in cocoa butter is significantly higher than in coconut oil.

Conclusion: there is no harm from cocoa butter as a source of saturated fat. The benefits of cocoa butter as a source of saturated fats and other beneficial substances are confirmed.

Harm and benefits of palm oil.

Manufacturers have a good reason for making claims about the benefits of palm oil - its low cost and long shelf life. Palm oil is included in many products, which improves their taste and color and extends shelf life. This undoubtedly speaks to the benefits of palm oil for food producers. But we are interested in how the consumption of palm oil affects our health - is it harmful or beneficial?

Palm oil, consisting of approximately 50% saturated fat, differs radically from coconut oil in its source, composition and properties, and therefore, nothing said about the benefits and harms of coconut oil can be automatically applied to palm oil.

Harm and benefits of palm oil - melting point.

Let's start right away with the main complaint about palm oil - its high melting point. The supposed harm of palm oil is that it is not absorbed by the body due to its melting point, which is significantly higher than the temperature of the human body.

Is it so? Palm oil is a complex mixture of fractions with different physical and chemical properties. Stearin is a solid fraction of palm oil with a melting point of 47-54 degrees. Although its other fractions have a lower melting point, palm oil is still not completely absorbed. Once in our stomach along with other components, palm oil remains a plastic sticky mass and sticks to the surface of the digestive tract, making it difficult to absorb other substances.

Stearin is also found in butter, and there is 3 times more of it. But butter, nevertheless, has a low melting point and does not turn into a sticky, indigestible mass in the stomach. Which, however, does not at all indicate the benefits of butter - it has its own characteristics, which were mentioned above.

Thus, although it cannot be said that palm oil is not absorbed by the body at all, its harm lies in the fact that it is not only not completely absorbed by itself, but also interferes with the absorption of other products. This certainly indicates the dangers of palm oil.

Harm and benefits of palm oil for blood vessels.

Due to its ability to adhere tightly to any surface to which it is applied, palm oil is used in the production of lubricants (solid oil) and for the treatment of fabrics, leather, and wood to give them water-repellent properties. Also, when it enters the body, it easily clings to the walls of blood vessels, is not washed off from them by the bloodstream and accumulates in the form of fatty plaques, reducing their capacity.

Thus, the harm of palm oil to blood vessels is obvious. No benefit observed.

Harm and benefits of palm oil - nutritional value.

It would seem that both coconut and palm oils are tropical oils, have a similar consistency at room temperature, are mostly composed of saturated fats, and are highly resistant to oxidation. But that's where their similarities end. Which is not surprising, considering that these oils are produced from completely different plants growing in different regions:

• The coconut palm grows in India, Thailand and the Philippines. Coconut oil is made from the coconut nut, which edible in its raw form.
• Oil palm is common in Africa and Malaysia. fruits, 3-5 cm in size, weighing 6-8 g. Palm oil is made from small fruits that inedible in its raw form.

Of course, palm oil contains many beneficial substances, although its composition is not similar to that of coconut oil. Especially if we talk about red palm oil, obtained using a special gentle technology that allows you to preserve natural carotenoids, vitamins and other useful biological substances.

Thus, palm oil is a record holder for the content of tocotrienols (contained in vitamin E) and vitamin A, which is responsible for good vision, strengthens bones, is an antioxidant, and helps improve the condition of hair, skin, and nails. For comparison, the content of keratinoids in palm oil is 15 times higher than in carrots!

It would seem that the benefits of palm oil are obvious? However, palm oil is poorly absorbed due to its high melting point, and, therefore, the body is not able to extract useful substances from it.

There is no reason to talk about the benefits of palm oil due to the presence of beneficial substances in it, since they are mostly not absorbed. The harm of palm oil due to its low nutritional value can be considered proven.

Harm and benefits of palm oil in infant formula.

This point seems important because children cannot take care of their health themselves. At the same time, it is so easy to harm a child’s body.

Natural cow's milk, from which infant formula is produced, differs significantly from human breast milk and it is not always possible to give it to a baby. To avoid allergic reactions, manufacturers replace animal fats in mixtures with a combination of vegetable oils. 25% of all fats contained in infant formulas are palmitic acid. The source of this acid is palm oil. The child needs this acid, but the child’s body cannot absorb it (mother’s milk also contains palmic acid, but it also contains other components that help process it).
Palmitic acid, obtained from palm oil, combines with calcium in the intestines and, as a result, insoluble compounds are formed, which are excreted from the child’s body in feces. As a result, children who receive mixtures with palm oil as their main diet do not receive the required amount of fat and experience calcium deficiency in the body.

One study involved 140 infants. The results of this study showed that palm oil, which is present in formulas, has a negative effect on bone mineralization. The babies were divided into 2 groups: one was given a milk formula containing palm oil, and the second - without it. Before the start of the study, the children's bone mineral content and density were checked. After 3 months, in children of the first group, the content of mineral substances in bone tissue and its density were lower than in children of the second group.

Sunflower oil is the most popular, popular and affordable product among similar products. Since it is of natural plant origin, it undoubtedly has beneficial and harmful properties. What are the benefits and harms of sunflower oil, how to take it for health? It turns out that the answer to this question depends on what type of oil we use.

The beneficial and harmful properties of sunflower oil depend on whether it is refined or not.

Types of sunflower oil

The product comes in two types: unrefined and refined.

• Unrefined. It is obtained by pressing (cold or with pre-heating of raw materials). It is considered the most beneficial for the body, as it retains all beneficial compounds in an active form. It is characterized by a specific smell and taste, dark color, and sedimentation in the container during storage. This oil is suitable for use as an additive in salads or for treatment. Heating leads to a change in the chemical composition of the active components and their transformation into toxic compounds. Therefore, frying in unrefined oil is not recommended.
• Refined. After pressing, it undergoes a number of sequential processing processes. The result is a light yellowish transparent product, odorless and tasteless (negligible), and does not form sediment. This oil no longer contains substances that smoke during frying, but it also does not contain the original amount of vitamins and beneficial compounds. It is more suitable for frying, but when consumed raw it does not bring anything except calories.

Features of the chemical composition

Sunflower oil is rich not only in saturated, but also in unsaturated fatty acids, including OMEGA-3 and 6. They are responsible for the condition of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems. Fatty acids are components of the membrane of every cell in the body. They normalize blood composition, prevent the deposition of cholesterol plaques and have many other properties important for the body.

In addition, sunflower oil (unrefined) is rich in vitamin E. 100 grams of the product contains 300% of the daily requirement for this important compound. That is, to provide cells with tocopherol, only 30 g (two tablespoons) of sunflower oil is required.

Beneficial and harmful properties of sunflower oil

To accurately determine for yourself whether you can drink sunflower oil or choose another health option, you need to know what beneficial properties it has and what harm it can cause. The benefits of the product are as follows:

• prevents the occurrence of atherosclerosis;
• eliminates disorders of cognitive processes (memory, stress resistance, speed of mental reactions, attention and concentration improve);
• promotes cell rejuvenation;
• increases immunity;
• improves the condition of the skin and its derivatives;
• prevents the development of cancer;
• lowers cholesterol levels, preventing heart and vascular diseases;
• normalizes hormonal levels;
• has a positive effect on the formation and maturation of germ cells;
• prevents the development of obesity;
• normalizes blood pressure;
• eliminates congestion in the gallbladder;
• promotes the removal of toxins and waste;
• has a regenerative effect.

Attention! The listed properties refer to unrefined sunflower oil, which is widely used not only in folk medicine, but also in official medicine, as well as in cosmetology. For medicinal purposes, the product is used internally and externally.

Despite the abundance of beneficial properties for the body, sunflower oil can cause serious harm to health if not used carefully. First of all, this refers to the method of its culinary processing. As already mentioned, it is not recommended to heat the unrefined product at all. It contains a large amount of free fatty acids and other organic compounds that can turn into substances toxic to organs, causing cancer. Refined oil should only be used for frying once. Repeated heating also promotes the formation and accumulation of carcinogens.

Advice! The benefits will be greater if you first simmer vegetables or meat in water and add sunflower oil at the end.

If you plan to drink the oil on an empty stomach, then you need to keep in mind that it has contraindications:

• in the acute stage;
• individual intolerance.

It is best to consult a doctor before using a sunflower product for medicinal purposes. This article, like other information materials on the Internet, is not a guide to self-medication.

Who can drink sunflower oil and when?

As a rule, for medicinal purposes the product is taken on an empty stomach. What benefits can sunflower oil drink on an empty stomach bring? Several options for this technique are possible.

For the treatment and prevention of diseases

Sunflower oil orally can be used for preventive purposes or for treatment of the following disorders in the body.

Regular intake of sunflower oil on an empty stomach helps prevent heart and vascular diseases

• . To get rid of this disorder, it is enough to drink about 20 g (tablespoon) of oil every morning on an empty stomach. Gradually, the stool will become soft and bowel movements will occur without difficulty. During this treatment, it is recommended to drink plenty of plain water.
• Diseases of the anus (). Just as in the case of constipation, taking the product on an empty stomach in the morning helps soften the stool. This, in turn, will make defecation less traumatic and painful, and will allow the damage to heal faster.
• Atherosclerosis. For vascular diseases associated with cholesterol deposits, it is recommended to drink the oil on an empty stomach twice a day, 10 g each. It improves the properties of the blood and helps cleanse the vascular walls of atherosclerotic deposits.

Cleansing the body

Sunflower oil is used to cleanse the body of toxins and waste. This Indian method does not consist of taking the oil internally, but rather rinsing the mouth with it. It is believed that in this way the product absorbs toxic substances, “collects” pathogenic microorganisms and relieves a person from many diseases, since the blood supply to the oral cavity is activated during the process of sucking and chewing.

The cleansing procedure is simple: you need to chew and suck one tablespoon of sunflower oil on an empty stomach in the morning and at night. Duration is about 20-25 minutes. During this time, the oil in your mouth should first become thick and then very liquid. It should not be swallowed; after the required time has elapsed, the oil is spat out. In this case, it should be white.

For weight loss

Despite the fact that the calorie content of sunflower oil is 900 kcal, it is also successfully used for weight loss. The fat-burning effect is due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the product, which normalize metabolic processes and promote the breakdown and removal of fat.

To lose weight, you need to take a teaspoon of sunflower oil on an empty stomach before breakfast and after dinner (before bed). The course of admission is 60-90 days. According to reviews, this approach makes it possible to reduce body weight by 5-10 kg.

How to drink sunflower oil during pregnancy

While pregnant, the benefits of sunflower oil drunk on an empty stomach include preventing constipation and eliminating heartburn.

During pregnancy, sunflower oil taken orally will prevent constipation and heartburn.

If a natural, unrefined product in its pure form causes a gag reflex, then it is enough to add it to salads or eat it, for example, with lemon. A pregnant woman is recommended to consume up to 3 tablespoons of oil per day. To get rid of heartburn, one tablespoon is enough.

Use by children

If a child has frequent problems with bowel movements, then taking the oil on an empty stomach will gradually eliminate this disorder for a long period of time. Since not all children will be able to drink it in its pure form, you can add the sunflower product to the finished dish, for example, to soup. Per day, depending on how severe the disorder is, 1 to 3 tablespoons is sufficient.

Use by the elderly

Consuming sunflower oil on an empty stomach will provide invaluable benefits for elderly and senile people. It inhibits the aging process in the body, prevents the occurrence of central nervous system diseases (for example, Alzheimer's), and prevents cancer. In addition, in old age, constipation is often observed due to developing intestinal hypotension. Taking an oil product normalizes digestion and peristalsis and facilitates bowel movements.

Vegetable oil ranks high on the list of the most popular culinary products. The main part of the dishes necessarily contains this product. This is justified, first of all, by its low cost, as well as by the benefits vegetable oil brings to the human body.

It seems that ordinary vegetable oils have a rich history. She did not keep in her annals the exact date of their first manufacture. This happened during the primitive communal system, when our ancestors first thought of grinding certain grains or crushing fruits to obtain an oily substance. At first they were used not so much to improve food, but for healing and religious sacraments.

In the tombs of wealthy ancient Egyptians, in addition to vessels with olive oil, they kept vials with precious oils of sandalwood, myrrh, and frankincense, which local aristocrats used for aromatic and cosmetic purposes. Ancient people were well aware of the culinary and healing benefits of oils. For example, the legendary Alexander the Great certainly took healing sea buckthorn oil on his victorious campaigns.

Hemp oil has long been popular in Rus', improving the taste of porridges, pancakes and other national dishes. And the familiar sunflower oil and exotic amaranth oil came to Europe from South America, where these crops were grown by the Indians.

Modern vegetable oils continue to be extracted from fruits and seeds. For this purpose, pressing methods (cold or hot pressing) or extraction are used. To obtain purified refined oils, the product is subjected to hydration, neutralization, freezing and deodorization.

What is vegetable oil, the benefits and harms of vegetable oil, are of keen interest to people who lead a healthy lifestyle, monitor their health, and are interested in traditional methods of treatment. So we will try to answer questions that interest this category of people.

Beneficial features:

The inclusion of vegetable oils in the diet adds a valuable fat component to the diet. After all, oils have many unique beneficial qualities. They contain mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including those that cannot be synthesized in our body), which:

• have a lipotropic effect (i.e., they prevent excessive accumulation of fat and its derivatives in the tissues of the pancreas, liver, etc.);
• are precursors of prostaglandin substances that activate smooth muscle fibers and protect the gastric mucosa;
• are converted into leukotrienes and eicosanoids, which maintain the strength and elasticity of blood vessels;
• used to build any cell membranes (olive oil, due to the composition of its fatty acids, is most suitable for this process).

In addition, vegetable oils:

• stimulate the formation and secretion of bile;
• improve cholesterol metabolism (thanks to the lecithin and phytosterols they contain);
• neutralize free radicals, reducing inflammation, degenerative changes and the division of cancer cells (due to the antioxidants of tocopherols);
• improve hormonal status (including the balance of sex hormones);
• relieve constipation;
• supply us with energy.

Vegetable oils have long become indispensable assistants in home cosmetology. They nourish the hair and moisturize the skin, saturate it with useful microelements and vitamins, and protect cells from premature aging. In a word, the range of uses of vegetable oils is extensive.

Contraindications:

The harm of vegetable oil against the backdrop of a huge number of beneficial properties is almost invisible. The most important thing is to consume it in moderation, because due to its high calorie content, it can ruin your figure and also increase the amount of cholesterol in the blood.

Also, you should not overuse vegetable oil if you have diabetes.

Do not use unrefined vegetable oil for frying. When exposed to high temperatures, it releases carcinogenic substances.

It is also important to comply with the storage conditions of the product. If sediment appears in the bottle, it means the oil has oxidized. At the same time, the amount of useful components decreases, the oil becomes bitter in taste, and begins to foam in the pan.

Each type of vegetable oil also has its own “critical” heating temperature, after which all the benefits either simply evaporate or will be capable of causing harm with their carcinogens, which tend to accumulate in the human body. The optimal temperature for heating oil is considered to be one hundred and eighty degrees Celsius, but:

• for rapeseed, grape and corn - the critical temperature is one hundred and sixty degrees Celsius;
• for soybean and sunflower - one hundred and seventy degrees Celsius;
• for olive - two hundred and ten degrees Celsius;
• for peanut butter - two hundred and twenty degrees Celsius;
• for palm - two hundred and forty degrees Celsius.

What are the benefits of vegetable oil:

For pancreatitis:

An integral part in the treatment of pancreatitis is a strict diet, which you must adhere to, as well as taking medications. Therefore, most patients wonder what can be included in the diet, and does it include vegetable oil?

Treatment of an inflamed pancreas is based on proper nutrition, the menu of which consists of a number of permitted foods and oils. The oil contains many useful vitamins and with continuous use, the stomach functions better, the development of atherosclerosis is prevented and the digestive system improves. Due to oleic acid in oils, food absorption and fat processing are accelerated. Thus, the product is considered dietary and can be used for various diseases.

In addition, the oils contain antioxidants that prevent the formation of the oxidative process, which has a detrimental effect on the pancreas. Olive oil contains substances that can restore the mucous membrane and membrane cells. Patients with pancreatitis can use oil in their diet exclusively during the remission stage! Otherwise, the pancreas will not cope with the additional load and the situation will worsen.

Acute pancreatitis includes a strict diet where there is no place for oil; it should be added to the diet no earlier than a month after the onset of the disease. The product is introduced gradually, consumed on an empty stomach or as a dressing for salads, cereals and soups. The product should be excluded if the patient has loose, oily stools. You need to include oil in your diet, with 0.5 tsp. and if the body tolerates it well, then the portion can be gradually increased to a tablespoon.

For diabetes:

People suffering from diabetes must follow a specific diet to control their blood sugar levels. The sugar content increases solely due to carbohydrates, sometimes proteins and fats. Vegetable oil is also a high-fat product.

Recent clinical studies have revealed that the progression of the disease is influenced by increased levels of fat in the blood. In total, per day it is allowed that fat intake (in free form and for cooking) should be no more than 40 grams. But in certain situations, when glucose levels drop sharply due to medications and low-carbohydrate foods, adjustments are made in the diet. And since a person with diabetes has rather sensitive kidneys, it is recommended to reduce the amount of protein in the menu. Along with other products, vegetable oil helps improve fat metabolism and stabilize liver function, provided that its daily dose does not exceed two tablespoons.

But the results of a four-year study of the effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet showed that patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, following their diet, were able to avoid carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and in some cases, abandon medications. The Mediterranean diet included the consumption of so-called healthy vegetable fats, primarily olive oil.

For hair:

The benefits of hair oils are enormous. They are important components of many hair masks, are used to massage the scalp, and also act as a basis for the use of essential oils (which are not used in their pure form). They soften the scalp, penetrate the hair shaft, and are beneficial for both the hair structure and the scalp. It is much better to use unrefined vegetable oils, since their properties deteriorate significantly during processing.

There are many types of vegetable oils, and they all have very different effects on the condition of the hair. Thus, some oils are more conducive to strengthening and stimulating hair growth, others prevent hair loss, and still others provide the necessary nutrition and hydration. Therefore, you should choose your hair oil based on your needs, and more specifically, on what result you ultimately want to get.

• Normal hair: almond oil, grape seed oil.
• For dry, damaged, colored hair: jojoba oil, macadamia oil, grape seed oil, coconut oil, burdock oil.
• For oily hair: almond oil, grape seed oil.
• To strengthen hair: jojoba oil, macadamia oil, grape seed oil, burdock oil, olive oil, wheat germ oil.
• Anti-dandruff: jojoba oil, castor oil, burdock oil or grape seed oil.

The best vegetable oils for hair:

• Burr oil. It brings great benefits, allowing you to heal your strands in the shortest possible time. Traditional recipes recommend adding vitamin A to it or mixing it with other oils, thus increasing its effectiveness. It is obtained from burdock roots.
• Castor oil. This oil is made from castor beans. This product is a real salvation for poorly growing hair, split ends and weakness, and strengthens the hair shafts.
• Coconut oil. This oil is extracted from the pulp of coconuts. This oil perfectly protects hair from the loss of natural proteins, which often occurs when bathing.
• Olive oil. The healing properties of this product are known throughout the world. An excellent option for damaged, dull and lifeless hair.
• Flax seed oil. It has a very oily texture, but despite this it is suitable for any hair type, including oily hair. The composition is rich in invaluable substances, thanks to which it perfectly relieves dryness, fragility, hair loss, enhances the growth of strands, etc.

For face:

Natural cosmetic oils are one of the most unique and irreplaceable products used in cosmetology for facial skin care. And we can say with confidence that in terms of their composition, beneficial properties and actions, they are many times superior to almost any manufactured cosmetic product.

They are great for all facial skin types, but their use is especially recommended for dry and already aging skin, as well as for dry and aging skin around the eyes.

The main actions of natural vegetable oils are, first of all, nutrition, softening and moisturizing of the skin, as well as preventing its aging, rejuvenation, smoothing wrinkles, increasing tone, firmness and elasticity of the skin.

But, nevertheless, they can also be used in the care of oilier and problematic skin, since many of them also have good anti-inflammatory properties, and also help normalize the function of the sebaceous glands.

The range of uses of vegetable oils is quite wide. For example, almost any natural oil, or a mixture of them, can be used both as a cream or face mask, and as a cleansing tonic.

You can also add them to ready-made store-bought creams and other facial care products (lotions, cleansers, masks, creams and eyelid gels).

In addition, cosmetic oils are one of the most basic ingredients for making creams yourself, and, of course, they can be used in preparing all kinds of homemade masks to care for all skin types.

Oils for different skin types:

• The following oils are suitable for dry skin: avocado, shea (macadamia), wheat germ, coconut, sesame, sea buckthorn, almond, peach, evening primrose, jojoba, cocoa, rose hip, raspberry, cranberry, watermelon, walnut, St. John's wort.
• Suitable for caring for oily skin: grape seed oil, apricot oil, almond oil, jojoba oil, peach oil, evening primrose oil, poppy seed oil. In addition, one of the most suitable for caring for oily acne-prone skin is hazelnut oil.
• Suitable for mixed (combined) type skin care: apricot, sesame, almond, watermelon, jojoba, hazelnut, macadamia (shea), green coffee oil, grape seed oil, evening primrose oil, St. John's wort.
• To care for normal skin, you can use the following oils: apricot, coconut, jojoba, cranberry, poppy seed, watermelon, shea, wheat germ, evening primrose, hazelnut, sesame, almond, peach.

For nails:

Oils intensively nourish the nail, help soften the cuticle, strengthen the nail plate, prevent splitting and brittleness of nails, accelerate their growth and even perform a protective function, protecting the nail from fungal infections.

• Wheat germ nail oil, almond, peach, apricot, olive, jojoba, rosehip, cocoa, as well as castor and burdock oils have a complex effect on improving the condition and appearance. They are used for brittle, dry and weak nails.
• Avocado oil, watermelon seeds, olive, burdock and castor oils promote active nail growth.
• Many oils have a strengthening and healing effect on nails - primarily olive and burdock oil, peach seed oil, rose hip and pine nut oil, as well as sesame oil.

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Vegetable oil has been consumed as food, used for beauty and health for many centuries. Depending on the geographical location, each people had their own familiar oils. In Rus' it was hemp, in the Mediterranean - olive, in Asia - palm and coconut. An imperial delicacy, a cure for a hundred diseases, a natural pharmacy - vegetable oil has been called various names at different times. What are the benefits of vegetable fats and how are they used today?

Types of vegetable oils

The enormous energy potential of vegetable fats is explained by their purpose. They are found in seeds and other parts of the plant and represent a building reserve for the plant. The amount of fat in oilseeds depends on the geographic area and its climatic conditions.

Russia is the leading producer and exporter of sunflower oil in the world

Sunflower oil is one of the varieties of vegetable oil and a purely Russian product. It began to be obtained from sunflower seeds at the beginning of the 19th century, when the plant was brought to our country. Today the Russian Federation is the largest global supplier of this product. Vegetable oils are divided into two categories - base and essential. They differ in purpose, raw materials and production method.

Table: differences between base and essential oils

According to consistency, vegetable oils are of two types - liquid and solid. Liquids make up the vast majority.

Butters - solid vegetable oils of tropical plants

Solid or butter oils include oils that retain a liquid consistency only at temperatures above 30°C. Butters of natural origin - coconut, mango, shea, cocoa and palm oil.

Methods of obtaining

Vegetable oils differ in the technology of their extraction from plants. Cold pressing is the most gentle way to process raw materials (it must be of the highest quality). The seeds are placed under a press and squeezed at high pressure. Next, the resulting oily liquid is settled, filtered and bottled. At the exit from the raw material, no more than 27% of the fats contained in it are obtained. This is the healthiest product called cold pressed oil.

Pressing after heat treatment allows the use of seeds of any quality. They are preheated in a roasting pan and then squeezed out. Yield - 43%. In this case, some of the beneficial properties of the oil are lost.

Extraction is the most productive and cheapest way to obtain organic oil. It is used to work with low-oil raw materials. The extraction method takes advantage of the ability of vegetable fats to dissolve under the influence of chemicals. Petroleum products (gasoline fractions) are used as solvents. Then they are evaporated, and the residues are removed with alkali. It is impossible to obtain harmless vegetable oil in this way; some of the chemicals remain in it even after the most thorough cleaning.

Photo gallery: types of vegetable oils

The extracted oil is converted into refined oil through several stages of purification:

• hydration is a method of removing phospholipids from crude oil, which precipitate during long-term storage and transportation and make the oil cloudy;
• alkali neutralization is used to remove free fatty acids (soaps);
• waxes are removed by freezing;
• physical refining finally removes acids, removes odor and color.

The freezing method is used not only for refined oils.

Vegetable fats obtained by pressing and then purified by freezing are used in baby and dietary foods.

The best frozen vegetable oils are sunflower and olive. Olive oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids that do not lose their beneficial properties when heated.

What are the benefits of vegetable oils?

The biological value of vegetable oils is determined by their fatty acid composition and the amount of accompanying substances:

1. Saturated fatty acids predominate in butter, sesame, soybean and cottonseed oil. They give the product antiseptic properties, inhibit the growth of fungi and pathogenic microflora, and promote the synthesis of collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid. Some of them are used as an emulsifier in skin care cosmetics and medicinal ointments and creams.
2. Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) – oleic, palmitoleic (omega 7). Oleic acid is found in large quantities in olive, grape, rapeseed and rapeseed oil. The main function of MUFA is to stimulate metabolism. They prevent cholesterol from sticking to the walls of blood vessels, normalize the permeability of cell membranes, and have hepatoprotective properties.
3. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) – linoleic (essential PUFA), alpha-linoleic (omega 3) and gamma-linoleic (omega 6). Contained in flaxseed, sunflower, olive, soybean, rapeseed, corn, mustard, sesame, pumpkin, and cedar oil. PUFAs improve the structure of vascular walls, participate in the synthesis of hormones, and prevent atherosclerosis.
4. Associated substances in vegetable oils are vitamins A, D, E, K, B1, B2 and nicotinic acid (PP). An essential component of vegetable fats is phospholipids. They are most often found in the form of phosphatidylcholine (formerly called lecithin). The substance promotes the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients, normalizes cholesterol metabolism, and prevents the accumulation of fats in the liver.

Fatty acid composition of vegetable oils

In Russia, the most popular edible oils are sunflower and olive. In addition to them, there are more than a dozen vegetable fats that have excellent taste and beneficial properties.

Table: beneficial properties of vegetable oils

Rating of usefulness of vegetable oils

Nutritionists advise expanding the range of vegetable oils and keeping 4-5 types on the kitchen shelf, alternating their use.

Olive

The leader among edible vegetable oils is olive. In composition it competes with sunflower, but has one indisputable advantage. Olive oil is the only vegetable fat that can be used for frying. Oleic acid, its main component, does not oxidize when heated and does not form harmful substances. Olive oil contains fewer vitamins than sunflower oil, but its fat composition is better balanced.

Refined olive oil is the only one suitable for frying

Sunflower

Next to olive oil, unrefined sunflower oil deservedly takes its place on the podium. Nutritionists consider it an essential product in the diet. Sunflower oil is a leader in vitamin content, especially tocopherol (one of the most powerful antioxidants).

Linen

Flaxseed oil is the lowest in calories and is equally beneficial for women and men. It is recommended to be used for breast and prostate cancer; it is good for skin and hair. The oil is taken as a medicine, used on salads and used externally.

Flaxseed oil - the lowest calorie

Mustard

Mustard oil is a home doctor and a natural preservative. It contains bactericidal esters, which gives it the properties of a natural antibiotic. Products seasoned with mustard oil stay fresh longer. Heating does not deprive the product of its beneficial qualities. Baked goods with mustard oil stay fresh longer and do not go stale.

Sesame

Sesame seed oil is the leader in calcium content. It is useful to use for gout - it removes harmful salts from the joints. Dark-colored oil is used only when cold, light-colored oil is suitable for frying.

What are the benefits of vegetable oils for women and men?

Cedar and mustard oil in a woman’s diet is not only “food” for the mind and beauty. They are good for women's health. The substances in their composition help:

• normalize the balance of hormones, especially during the premenstrual and menopausal periods;
• reduce the risk of infertility;
• prevent the formation of fibrous tumors;
• improve the course of pregnancy;
• increase the quantity of breast milk and improve its quality.

For men, mustard oil will help protect themselves from prostate diseases and increase fertility (the ability to fertilize).

Photo gallery: oils for women's and men's health

Flaxseed oil is another product for maintaining beauty, youth and women's health. Its constant use helps to delay the period of withering thanks to phytoestrogens. It has a beneficial effect on a woman’s condition during pregnancy, improves the condition of blood vessels, preventing the development of varicose veins.

Flaxseed oil is a “male” product that allows you to achieve a lasting increase in potency. Improving erection is achieved through a beneficial effect on the elasticity of the vessels of the penis and their blood supply. In addition, flaxseed oil promotes increased testosterone production, improving male reproductive function. Pine nut, black cumin, pumpkin and olive oils have a similar effect.

Vegetable oils for children

Children need vegetable fats no less than adults. They are added to the first complementary foods in homemade vegetable purees (it is already added to industrially produced vegetable mixtures). You should start with 1-2 drops of oil per serving. A one-year-old child is given at least 5 g, distributing this amount in the daily diet. Oils useful for children:

• sesame is ideal for baby food due to its easily digestible form of calcium;
• cedar is recommended by pediatricians to prevent rickets and iodine deficiency;
• olive has the most balanced composition for baby food;
• unrefined sunflower is rich in vitamins;
• flaxseed promotes the proper formation of brain tissue;
• mustard is a champion in vitamin D content;
• Walnut oil has a rich mineral composition, suitable for weakened children and during the recovery period after illness.

Baby creams saturated with fragrances and dyes are replaced with vegetable oil.

Vegetable oil - an alternative to industrial baby cream

To care for diaper rash and folds, use sunflower oil boiled in a water bath. Coconut, corn, peach and almond are allowed for infant massage.

Consumption standards

On average, an adult man needs from 80 to 150 g of fat per day, a woman - 65-100 g. A third of this amount should be fats of vegetable origin (1.5-2 tablespoons), and for older people - 50% of the total fat consumed (2-3 tablespoons). The total amount is calculated based on the requirement of 0.8 g per 1 kg of weight. Daily requirement of a child:

• from 1 to 3 years - 6–9 g;
• from 3 to 8 years - 10–13 g;
• from 8 to 10 years - 15 g;
• over 10 years old - 18–20 years.

One tablespoon is 17 g of vegetable oil.

Use of vegetable oils

In addition to cooking, vegetable oils are used for medicinal, cosmetic purposes and for weight loss.

Treatment and recovery

For the oil to provide health benefits, it should be taken on an empty stomach:

• any edible vegetable oil taken in the morning relieves constipation (use no more than three days in a row);
• for gastritis, colitis, bile stasis and stomach ulcers, it is recommended to drink 1 teaspoon of oil two to three times a day before meals;
• To relieve hemorrhoids, take one teaspoon of oil 3 times a day an hour before meals.

1. Pumpkin seed oil is taken one tablespoon before meals three times a day for two weeks.
2. Flaxseed oil is taken orally three times a day, a teaspoon before meals. Another teaspoon can be added to the salad. Additionally, the oil is used in microenemas - add a tablespoon of the product per 100 ml. The enema is done at night, but it is advisable not to empty the intestines until the morning.
3. Castor oil in combination with cognac is considered an effective remedy against helminths. The same amount of cognac is added to the oil heated to body temperature (50–80 g). The time to take the mixture is morning or evening. Treatment is continued until the feces are cleared of worms.
4. Unrefined olive oil (1/2 liter) is infused for three days in a cool place with 500 g of garlic. Then 300 g of rye flour is mixed in. The course of treatment is 30 days, a teaspoon three times a day.

Why is it good to rinse your mouth with vegetable oil?

Therapeutic oil rinses were practiced several centuries ago in India. In the last century, doctors recognized this method of cleaning the oral cavity. Pathogenic microbes have a fatty shell that dissolves upon contact with vegetable oils. Thus, the oral cavity is disinfected, gum inflammation is reduced and the risk of caries is reduced.

Gargling with vegetable oil heals the oral cavity and relieves sore throat

Rinsing is done with sunflower, olive, sesame and linseed oil. To do this, take two teaspoons of the product and roll it in your mouth for 20 minutes. The oil mixes with saliva, increases in volume and becomes thick. Then they spit it out, rinse their mouth with warm water and only after that brush their teeth. You need to start the procedure with 5 minutes. It is enough to rinse your mouth with flaxseed oil for 10 minutes.

Gargles not only help to preserve the health of your teeth and gums, they make breathing easier and relieve sore throats.

Using olive oil in this way can cure a sore throat. Coconut oil additionally whitens teeth.

Video: how to treat yourself with vegetable oil: grandma’s recipes

Vegetable oils for weight loss

The effect of losing weight with the help of vegetable oils is achieved by gently cleansing the body, saturating it with useful substances and increasing their absorption from other foods. In addition, oils have the ability to reduce appetite. For weight loss, use olive, flaxseed, castor and milk thistle oils.

Flaxseed oil is taken on an empty stomach, one teaspoon at a time. During the first week, its volume is gradually increased to 1 tablespoon. The course is two months. One teaspoon of olive oil in the morning on an empty stomach will further increase the body's defenses and improve skin health.

Vegetable oils cleanse the body and reduce appetite

Castor oil cleanses the intestines well. You can take it for no more than a week, 1 tablespoon half an hour before breakfast. After a week, the course can be repeated. Milk thistle oil is also taken on an empty stomach, 1 teaspoon, with cold water.

The use of oils in cosmetology

In addition to edible oils, there are many vegetable fats used exclusively in cosmetology. They successfully replace creams, ready-made masks and other skin and hair care products.

Skin care

Avocado, macadamia, grape seed, and olive oils restore and moisturize dry, flaky skin. Corn and cedar oils add elasticity to aging skin. Jojoba oil nourishes and smoothes the epidermis. They can be used in their pure form or made into masks.

Vegetable oils can replace conventional nourishing creams

A nourishing and moisturizing mask for aging skin includes warmed cocoa butter (1 tbsp), rosehip and sea buckthorn butter (1 teaspoon each) and vitamins A and E (4 drops each) added to 1 tbsp. spoon of cream. Step-by-step care will help invigorate tired skin:

• wash your face with water mixed with corn oil (1 teaspoon per 1 liter of water);
• make a compress with a weak soda solution;
• apply cabbage leaf paste to the skin;
• Rinse off the cabbage mask with warm water.

Hair care

Oil masks are especially useful for dry and weakened hair. They eliminate dandruff, restore the hair shaft, nourish the scalp and hair follicles. Grapeseed and almond oil are suitable for oily hair. Dry hair prefers burdock, coconut and olive oil. Jojoba, burdock, grape seed and castor oil help against dandruff.

If you take a tablespoon of flaxseed oil in the morning on an empty stomach, your hair will become thick and shiny.

Damaged hair is treated with a cotton oil mask. It is rubbed into the scalp, wrapped in a towel and kept for an hour. Then the hair is rinsed with warm water. Warmed olive oil (2 tbsp) combined with 1 tbsp will get rid of split ends. a spoonful of vinegar and a chicken egg. The mixture is applied to the ends of the strands and left for 30 minutes, then washed off with water.

Nail, eyelash and eyebrow care

Oils are an excellent care for the nail plate, they prevent delamination, strengthen and make it less brittle:

• to strengthen nails, prepare a mixture of 2 tablespoons of almond oil, 3 drops of bergamot ether and 2 drops of myrrh;
• a mask made of olive oil (2 tablespoons), lemon esters (3 drops), eucalyptus (2 drops) and vitamins A and E (2 drops each) will accelerate the growth of the nail plate;
• Jojoba oil (2 tablespoons), eucalyptus ether (2 drops), lemon and rose esters (3 drops each) will add shine to your nails.

For various reasons, eyelashes may fall out, and areas of alopecia may appear on the eyebrows. Three “magic” oils will save the situation - olive, castor and almond. They will provide nutrition to the hair follicles and enrich the skin with vitamins. Daily massage of the eyebrow arches with one of the oils will make hair growth thicker. Apply oil to eyelashes using a thoroughly washed mascara brush.

Vegetable oils for massage

Vegetable oils that do not thicken when heated and do not leave a greasy film on the body are suitable for massage. You can use one oil or prepare a mixture, but no more than 4-5 components. The most useful are those obtained by cold pressing. They are rich in vitamins that are beneficial for the skin.

Vegetable oils nourish the skin with vitamins

Flax seed and wheat germ oil soothes the skin and heals wounds; carrot oil is suitable for aging skin. Cocoa, jojoba, peach, palm and safflower oils can be used on any skin.

Contraindications and possible harm

Unrefined vegetable oils are harmful if used for frying. The compounds they contain oxidize and turn into carcinogens. The exception is olive oil. Vegetable fats are a high-calorie product; they should not be abused by people with obesity and a tendency towards it. Medical contraindications:

• acute pancreatitis;
• cholelithiasis (you can’t use the oil in its pure form);
• thrombophlebitis and heart disease (sesame oil is prohibited);
• allergies (peanut butter).

Oil is damaged if stored improperly and if the expiration date is exceeded. Nutritionists advise not to overuse rapeseed and soybean oil, since the raw materials may be GMO.

Video: vegetable oil - the choice of a nutritionist

There are heated debates surrounding the benefits and harms of vegetable oils. One thing is obvious - our body needs them, but in moderation. And they will only bring benefits if stored and used correctly.

Among all the variety, sunflower oil is considered the most popular. It is used for baking, salad dressing, and frying. The composition is often added to cosmetic masks for the face and hair, wanting to improve their condition. Today, many people think about the beneficial and harmful qualities of the foods they eat. And this is not surprising, because absolutely everyone wants to saturate their body with only useful elements.

Chemical composition

1. Fatty acids - the oil contains palmitic, peanut, oleic, stearic, and linoleic acids. All of them are necessary to maintain the activity of the central nervous system, heart muscle, and digestive tract.
2. Retinol - otherwise this element is called vitamin A, which has a beneficial effect on the health of the hair and skin. Retinol fights premature aging of the epidermis, prevents the development of dandruff and massive hair loss. Vitamin A strengthens the immune system during viral epidemics and regulates intestinal motility.
3. Vitamin D is a substance that is responsible for the strength of bones, teeth, and nail plates. At the initial stage of formation, you cannot do without this element. Vitamin D prevents possible deviations in the activity of the thyroid gland and has a positive effect on the entire endocrine system.
4. Vitamin F is a combination of Omega 3 and 6 acids. They maintain the condition of hair and skin. Vitamin F strengthens vascular walls and makes them elastic. Prevents thrombus formation, varicose veins, atherosclerosis. The substance accelerates blood circulation, due to which toxic substances, toxins, and congestion leave the body.
5. Tocopherol is a natural antioxidant. Otherwise, the element is called vitamin E, which is added to all hair and skin care cosmetics. The substance regulates the reproductive function of men and women, prevents the possible development of oncology and premature aging of tissues.

In addition, mineral compounds, lecithin, proteins, phytin, carbohydrates, tannins and fats accumulate in sunflower oil. The most useful elements are distinguished: calcium, zinc, selenium, manganese, copper, phosphorus, iron, boron.

Interestingly, sunflower seed oil contains no cholesterol. For this reason, the natural product is approved for use by patients with atherosclerosis, heart and vascular diseases.

benefits and harms of grape seed oil

The benefits of sunflower oil

1. Participates in the synthesis of nerve fibers, forms cells, and regenerates tissues.
2. Reduces the amount of bad cholesterol. For this reason, the oil is allowed to be consumed by overweight people.
3. Prevents many diseases of the heart and vascular system, in particular atherosclerosis, heart attack, stroke, and other pathologies.
4. Increases brain function by stimulating neurons. Strengthens concentration, improves memory and vision. Promotes quick assimilation of information.
5. It has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system, thyroid gland, and digestive tract.
6. Relieves painful cramps during the menstrual cycle, facilitates menopause.
7. Improves the functioning of the digestive system, normalizes the digestibility of complex foods, and relieves constipation.
8. Used in the therapeutic treatment of arthritis, gout, and bone problems.
9. Slows down the processes of premature aging of the skin and the body as a whole. Improves the condition of nail plates, skin, hair.
10. Evens out the hormonal levels of teenagers, pregnant and lactating girls. Normalizes the psyche.

The benefits of sunflower oil in cosmetology

1. Used as the main component of homemade masks for the face and body, hair, nail plates, neck, and décolleté. Has a rejuvenating effect, fights withering and dryness.
2. In winter, the oil protects sensitive skin from chapping, frost and other weather conditions. The composition returns elasticity and tenderness to the dermis.
3. Baths for hands and feet are prepared using sunflower oil. The product prevents nails from splitting, fights corns and calluses, and nourishes the skin.
4. It is used extremely often as the main ingredient in home hair care products. As a result, the hair becomes smooth and pliable to style, and dryness disappears.
5. Masks with sunflower oil for hair are recommended for men and women who have experienced alopecia. With regular use, hair loss disappears. The same applies to dandruff and itchy scalp.
6. Sunflower extract is added to professional facial care cosmetics. This move allows you to remove excess pigmentation, peeling, and inflammatory processes.
7. New mothers know firsthand how uncomfortable diaper rash can cause a newborn. To cope with the problem, you need to heat the oil and distribute it over the skin.
8. Sunflower oil has excellent regenerating properties. Because of this, it can be used to lubricate damaged areas of the skin, large cuts, wounds and other injuries.

benefits and harms of mustard oil

Treatment with sunflower oil

1. Using an oil squeeze, you can thoroughly cleanse the body of various harmful substances. In addition, the product effectively relieves constipation.
2. To restore normal activity of the gastrointestinal tract, you need to consume 30 ml. sunflower oil daily.
3. The product of plant origin can be drunk along with a glass of kefir or water. Oil is also added to cold salads and cereals.
4. In especially severe cases, it is recommended to give an enema of 100 ml. raw materials. Before starting the manipulation, the vegetable oil is heated in a steam bath to 45 degrees. Next, the composition is administered rectally before bedtime, you need to lie down for a quarter of an hour.
5. For sore throats and similar colds, a remedy based on unrefined sunflower oil and aloe juice will help. Lubricate your throat with the prepared mixture. Please note that the product is not suitable for children.

6. Rinsing will help relieve bad breath or inflammation of the gums. Mix 60 ml in a suitable container. butter and 30 gr. medium-ground sea salt. Leave the composition for some time to infuse. Rinse your mouth for 5 minutes each time before going to bed.

Harm of sunflower oil

1. Sunflower oil, instead of its inherent benefits, may well cause harm to humans. Such cases occur when the rules for storing herbal composition are not followed.
2. Keep in mind that abuse of the product has a negative impact on your health. Follow all rules for using sunflower oil. Do not self-medicate; consult a specialist before procedures.
3. In the case of unrefined oil, you should be careful. Such a product is prone to rapid oxidation, hence the short shelf life of the composition. If you feel bitterness in the oil, this indicates the release of toxic compounds.
4. Unrefined oil should be consumed before the expiration date. At the same time, it should be stored in a dark and cool place.
5. As for refined oil, the aging period is about 4 months. This product can be stored in the refrigerator. Oil is especially dangerous for the human body when repeatedly cooked with it.
6. It is important to limit or completely stop consuming sunflower oil of any type if you have problems with the cardiovascular system, bile ducts and gall bladder.
7. It is forbidden to take oil if you have diabetes, high cholesterol, individual intolerance or an allergic reaction to sunflower seeds. Abuse of the product is fraught with rapid weight gain and a number of troubles.

Sunflower oil is undoubtedly beneficial for a healthy body. The daily dose of the product should not exceed 100 ml. Before using oil for medicinal and prophylactic purposes, consult a specialist.

benefits and harms of hemp oil

Video: benefits or harms of vegetable oils

Our attitude towards vegetable oils is extremely ambiguous, just as their properties are not always obvious. Some of them are extremely important in a healthy human diet, saturating the body with essential amino acids and fats. We have increased attention and a negative attitude towards others.

Sometimes, when we see the words “palm oil” on the packaging, we confidently refuse to purchase such a product. What is the true benefit of vegetable oils, and is their use as harmful to the body as we used to think?

Types of edible vegetable oils and technologies for their production

Today, about four dozen types of vegetable oils are known that are used for cooking.

The most popular of them are:

1. Sunflower.
2. Olive.
3. Coconut.
4. Sesame.
5. Nut.
6. Hemp.
7. Corn.
8. Palm.

These oils are used to prepare 99% of all food and foodstuffs. And only 1% of all edible products use their more exotic species.

The usefulness of oils greatly depends on the technology and purification method used in their production. Depending on this, even potentially beneficial oils like olive oil can cause some harm to the body.

The main technologies for the production of vegetable oils are cold and hot pressing. The cleaning methods used are deodorization, refining, cleaning with chemical components, hydration, filtration.

Cold pressed oils are considered the most beneficial. Therefore, if you see the inscription “Extra virgin oil” on the label, you can rest assured that most of the useful components in such a product are preserved, and the benefits from their use will be maximum.

Let's briefly look at the beneficial properties and potential harm to the body from consuming the most popular of these plant products.

Sunflower

It is the most universal and most widely used in our country. Used both for frying and raw.

The benefits of sunflower oil are greater, the less processing it has undergone. The most biologically valuable product is the raw, first-pressed product. Its shelf life is short, but there are many times more useful substances than with other processing methods.

One of the most valuable components of vegetable sunflower fat is lecithin - a substance that strengthens the nervous system, protects against stress and is involved in the process of hematopoiesis.

Sunflower oil also contains a lot of vitamins E, A and D, essential linoleic acid (the so-called vitamin F). These useful elements increase immunity, have a rejuvenating effect, and prevent many chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

The sunflower processing product does not cause any harm to the body if it is not abused. But during frying, we turn it into pure poison. After all, when oil is heated, carcinogenic elements are formed that contribute to the development of cancer and the deterioration of immunity. Therefore, we can say that the harm of sunflower oil lies only in using it for frying. In general, it is quite useful.

Olive

This oil is the second most accessible and widespread after sunflower oil, but perhaps the first in terms of usefulness.

The benefit of olive oil is that it contains a large amount of monounsaturated fatty acids, the main of which is oleic. These acids are known for their ability to lower the level of “bad” cholesterol and cleanse the blood of plaques and blood clots. They have a beneficial effect on the entire cardiovascular system, improve digestion and the appearance of the skin, and help retain calcium in the body.

Vitamins, antioxidants and unsaturated acids promote tissue detoxification, which significantly reduces the risk of developing cancer. And this is perhaps the most important benefit for the body that this product has on it.

Consuming olive oil can only be harmful to humans in very large doses. Remember that you need to take it in total no more than 2 tablespoons per day. And for people suffering from cholecystitis, the dose should be even smaller.

Coconut

This oil is widely distributed in Southeast Asian countries. It is widely used both in cosmetology and for salad dressing. The best masks and face creams in Asia are made specifically from fatty coconut extracts.

This vegetable oil contains mainly saturated fats, but they are very well absorbed by the body and are different in their chemical structure from similar animal fats.

One of the most valuable components of coconut extract is lauric acid. The main benefit it brings to the body is the destruction of harmful fungi, viruses and bacteria, both on the skin and inside the body.

Other healing properties of coconut oil include its ability to speed up metabolism, remove cholesterol, normalize body weight, improve skin condition and smooth out fine wrinkles, protect skin from ultraviolet radiation and moisturize it after sunbathing.

Harm from consuming this product can only occur in case of poisoning due to an overdose. No other side effects were identified.

Sesame

This vegetable oil is a storehouse of useful vitamins, acids and microelements. It contains a large amount of calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, oleic, linoleic, arachidic acids, and phytoestrogens. Due to such a rich composition, nutritionists do not recommend consuming sesame fats daily. They are used in various diets as a medicinal component.

The benefit of consuming sesame oil is the rapid saturation of the body with necessary micro- and macroelements in case of their severe deficiency, their good absorption due to the presence of fatty acids, and the prevention of cancer. This product is also used in the treatment of gastritis, stomatitis, colds and coughs, anemia, insomnia and nervous disorders.

But at the same time, sesame oil has a number of pronounced contraindications for use. Among them are varicose veins and thrombosis. Also, its potential harm lies in the fact that it can provoke the development of urolithiasis.

Nut

Vegetable oil obtained from walnut kernels is considered one of the healthiest, and increasingly this product can be found on the shelves of our supermarkets.

Walnut oil contains a huge amount of healthy unsaturated acids, vitamins and minerals. But in addition, it is a leader in vitamin E content!

Due to this, this product effectively lowers cholesterol levels in the blood, has a rejuvenating effect on the body, removes radionuclides, and helps speed up metabolism.

The benefit of nut oil is also that it is used in the treatment of many diseases: the cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, metabolic disorders, digestive system disorders and problems with the gastrointestinal tract, for recovery after surgery, for cuts and other problems with the skin.

This product also stimulates the nervous activity of brain cells and improves memory.

No harm has been identified from consuming oil from these nuts; the main thing is not to exceed the recommended daily intake.

Hemp

For our ancestors, this vegetable oil was the main one in cooking. It was very popular until the cultivation of hemp was legally limited due to the narcotic drugs of this plant.

The oil itself does not contain any narcotic components. It is rich in unsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6, antioxidants, and vitamins. It contains a lot of calcium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, iron and other extremely important elements.

Thanks to this unique composition, the benefits for the body when taken correctly and in dosage of this product are enormous! Hemp oil removes toxins and radionuclides, has a beneficial effect on the heart and blood vessels, bone and muscle tissue. In addition, it helps in the treatment of skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis, treats runny nose, sore throat, bronchitis, tuberculosis, normalizes hormone levels, and has a general rejuvenating effect on the body.

The harm of hemp oil is that, when consumed in large doses, it can cause some side effects: exacerbation of pancreatitis, acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Corn

This type of vegetable fat is used in cooking as a replacement for sunflower oil. After all, corn is an even more accessible and inexpensive product than sunflower seeds.

In terms of its biological composition and value, corn oil is identical to sunflower oil, but is inferior to olive oil in terms of the quality of the fats it contains. At the same time, the vitamin E content in it is several times higher than in other types of vegetable oils.

The effect of this product on the body is to reduce cholesterol levels, normalize the functioning of the endocrine system, have a calming effect on the nervous system, improve the condition of the skin and hair, and prevent thrombosis.

But due to the peculiarities of growing corn and its genetic modification, such oil may contain an increased amount of chemical impurities, and the harm from its use may exceed all beneficial properties. Therefore, corn oil is not often used in cosmetology and cooking.

Palm

This oil is most widely used in industrial cooking, but causes the most controversial comments from experts regarding its nutritional value. Many people tend to consider it the least healthy due to its high content of saturated fats and low content of nutrients.

The biggest benefit of palm oil is its ability to have an antioxidant effect due to its high content of carotenoids.

There is an opinion that the harm from consuming this product and its potential carcinogenicity outweigh all the beneficial properties. Therefore, nutritionists recommend, if possible, to refrain from consuming products containing palm oil.

Basic rules for using vegetable oils

With all their diversity, all vegetable fats are very similar in molecular and biological composition.

And to maximize the benefits of their use, you must remember the following:

1. Vegetable oils must not be heated! When heated, they lose all their beneficial properties and turn into dangerous carcinogenic compounds.
2. Only use minimally chemically processed and cold-pressed products.
3. Vegetable oil is 99.99% fat, the calorie content of which is 900 kcal/100 grams. Therefore, the dose of their use should be limited to 1-2 tablespoons per day!