In 1844, Tolstoy entered Kazan University to study oriental languages, but after three years he abandoned his studies, as he quickly became bored with it. When Tolstoy turned 23, he and his older brother Nikolai left to fight in the Caucasus. During Tolstoy's service, a writer awakens, and he begins his famous cycle - a trilogy, which describes moments from childhood to adolescence. Lev Nikolaevich also writes several autobiographical stories and stories (such as “Cutting Wood”, “Cossacks”).

Once on his allotment, Lev Nikolaevich creates his own system of pedagogy and opens a school, and also begins to engage in educational activities. Completely fascinated by this type of activity, he goes to Europe to get acquainted with the schools. In 1862, Tolstoy married young Sofya Andreevna Bers - and immediately left with his wife to Yasnaya Polyana, where he was fully engaged family life and household chores.

But by the autumn of 1863 he began work on his most fundamental work, War and Peace. Then, from 1873 to 1877, the novel Anna Karenina was created. During this period of time, Tolstoy’s worldview was completely formed, which bears the self-explanatory name – “Tolstoyism”, the whole essence of which is well depicted in such works of the writer as “The Kreutzer Sonata”, “What is your faith”, “Confession”.

And in 1899, the novel “Resurrection” was published, which describes the main provisions of the teachings of the brilliant author. Late in the autumn night, Tolstoy, who at that time was 82 years old, secretly leaves Yasnaya Polyana with his attending physician. But on the way, the writer falls ill and gets off the train at the Astapovo Ryazan-Ural station.

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Biography of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

L.N. TOLSTOY (1828-1910). BIOGRAPHY.

Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 on the estate Yasnaya Polyana, near Tula, in a noble family. Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it. Without Yasnaya Polyana, maybe I see more clearly general laws, necessary for my fatherland... L. TOLSTOY, “Memories in the Village”

Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (1790-1830). Mother of L. Tolstoy. I don’t remember my mother at all. I was one and a half years old when she died... everything I know about her is wonderful... L. Tolstoy “Memoirs”

Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1795-1837). Father of L. Tolstoy. The first place...occupies, although not in terms of influence on me, but in terms of my feelings for him,... is my father. L. Tolstoy “Memoirs”

In 1851, L. Tolstoy went to the Caucasus and volunteered for artillery. Finally today I received the order to go to my battery, I am a 4th class fireworksman. You won't believe how much pleasure this gives me. L. Tolstoy - T. A. Ergolskaya. January 3, 1852

When I was twenty-six years old, I came to St. Petersburg after the war and became friends with writers. They accepted me as their own... L. Tolstoy “Confession” A group of writers from the Sovremennik magazine. L.N. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich, I.A. Goncharov, I.S. Turgenev, A.V. Druzhinin, A.N. Ostrovsky. From a photograph of 1856.

SOFIA ANDREEVNA BERS In 1862, L. Tolstoy married the daughter of a doctor. The choice has long been made. Literature-art, pedagogy and family. L. Tolstoy, Diary, October 6, 1863 She is a serious assistant to me. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Fetu. May 15, 1863

L.N. Tolstoy discovered 26 public schools, where 9,000 children studied. When I enter the school and see this crowd of ragged, dirty, thin children, with their bright eyes and so often angelic expressions, I am overcome with anxiety, the horror that I would feel at the sight of drowning people... I want education for the people... to save those drowning Pushkins,... Lomonosovs. And they swarm in every school. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Tolstoy. December 1874

TOLSTOY, TOLSTOY! This is... not a person, but a HUMANITY, JUPITER. Maxim Gorky TOLSTOY is truly a huge artist, the kind that has been born for centuries, and his work is crystal clear, bright and beautiful. V. G. Korolenko... There is no person more worthy of the name of genius, more complex, contradictory and beautiful in everything... A. P. Chekhov

MUSEUM-ESTATE OF L. N. TOLSTOY “KHAMOVNIKI”

TOLSTOY died...But in his inheritance there is something that has not become a thing of the past, that belongs to the future. Demonstration in St. Petersburg regarding the death of L. N. Tolstoy. 1910 The grave of L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.

STATE MUSEUM OF L.N. TOLSTOY IN MOSCOW

FOR MANY YEARS A SEVERE AND TRUTHFUL VOICE SOUND, CONVICTING EVERYONE AND EVERYTHING; HE TOLD US ABOUT RUSSIAN LIFE ALMOST AS MUCH AS ALL THE REST OF OUR LITERATURE. Historical meaning Tolstoy's works... are the result of everything that Russian society experienced during the entire 19th century, and his books will remain for centuries as a monument to the hard work done by a GENIUS... M. GORKY

Life and work of A.N. Tolstoy.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy The work was carried out by students of grade 7b of the Municipal Educational Institution “Secondary School in the village of Novopushkinskoye” Natalia Kuraeva and Yulia Slavyagina.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born on December 29, 1882 in the city of Nikolaevsk, now the city of Pugachev, Saratov region.

Father of Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy - Nikolai Alexandrovich Tolstoy

His mother Alexandra Leontyevna Tolstaya, née Turgeneva

Alexey spent his childhood in his stepfather's family in Sosnovka near Samara.

Studies and literature Graduated from the St. Petersburg Mechanical Engineering Institute. He made his debut in literature in 1907 with the poetry collection “Lyrics”. In 1910-1912 published the novels "Eccentrics", "The Lame Master" and a series of short stories and novellas. In the mid-20s, the first part of Tolstoy’s famous trilogy “Walking through Torment” was published - the novel “Sisters”. The second part of the trilogy, “The Eighteenth Year,” was published in 1928, the third, “Gloomy Morning,” in 1941. In the early 30s, Tolstoy began writing his novel Peter the Great (1930-1945). -March 19, 1943, the Stalin Prize of the first degree was awarded for the novel “Walking through Torment”. In addition, in 1935 he published the fairy tale “The Adventures of Pinocchio,” which became one of the children’s favorite books.

Years of War During the First World War, Tolstoy was a war correspondent. After October revolution he left Russia and settled in France. In exile, he published the autobiographical novel Nikita's Childhood (1921), and a year later the fantasy novel Aelita. In 1923, Tolstoy returned to Russia. On March 30, 1943, a newspaper report appeared that Alexey Tolstoy was donating the prize of one hundred thousand rubles awarded to him for the construction of the Grozny tank. During the Great Patriotic War Tolstoy published a collection of articles, “Motherland,” and on May 7, 1944, the newspaper “Red Star” published the story “Russian Character.”

Awards of Alexei Tolstoy Tolstoy's work has been awarded many awards, including three Stalin Prizes - for the trilogy "Walking in Torment", for the novel "Peter the Great" and for the play "Ivan the Terrible".

House-museum House-museum in Samara.

Monument to A.N. Tolstoy

The presentation was made by Kuraeva N., Trofimova L. - 7th grade.

Lesha Tolstoy was born on a cold winter day on January 10, 1883, on this day white and fluffy snow was falling on the street. He grew up on the Sosnovka farm near Samara, on the estate of his stepfather, zemstvo employee A. A. Bostrom. My own father Little Alyosha hardly knew Count Nikolai Alexandrovich Tolstoy, an officer in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment and a noble Samara landowner.

Mother Alexandra Leontyevna, nee Turgenev, a writer, cousin-granddaughter of the Decembrist Nikolai Turgenev. Alexei owed his mother a sincere love of reading, which she was able to instill in him. Alexandra Leontyevna tried to persuade him to write. Alyosha received his initial education at home under the guidance of a visiting teacher.

In 1897 the family moved to Samara, where future writer enters a real school. After graduating in 1901, he went to St. Petersburg to continue his education. Enters the Department of Mechanics Institute of Technology. I tried painting. He published poetry from 1905 and prose from 1908.

During World War I, Alexei Tolstoy was a war correspondent. The impressions of what he saw turned him against the decadence that had influenced him from a young age, which was reflected in the unfinished autobiographical novel “Yegor Abozov” (1915). The writer enthusiastically greeted February revolution. “Citizen Count A.N. Tolstoy,” who then lived in Moscow, was appointed “Commissioner for Press Registration” on behalf of the Provisional Government. World War I

In July 1918, Tolstoy and his family moved to Odessa, and from Odessa the Tolstoys went to Paris to emigrate. Alexey Nikolaevich did not stop writing there either: during these years the story “Nikita’s Childhood” was published. In August 1923, Alexei Tolstoy returned to Russia forever.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy wrote children's books. He sought to show children the enormous moral wealth that permeates Russian oral folk art. He included 50 tales about animals and 7 children's fairy tales in his collection of Russian folk tales.

The second book ends with the initial period of construction of St. Petersburg, founded in 1703: serious transformations are underway that require closer attention. The action of the unfinished third book is measured in months. Tolstoy's attention turns to people; long scenes with detailed conversations predominate.

A novel without novelistic intrigue, without a coherent fictional plot, without adventurism, at the same time it is extremely exciting and colorful. Descriptions of life and customs, behavior of the most different characters(there are a lot of them, but they don’t get lost in the crowd, which is also depicted more than once), subtly stylized colloquial amount to quite strengths novel, the best in Soviet historical prose.

The third book of “Peter the Great” was written by the terminally ill Alexey Tolstoy in It ends with the episode of the capture of Narva, under which Peter’s troops suffered their first heavy defeat at the beginning of the Northern War. This gives the impression of completeness of an unfinished novel.

Peter is already clearly idealized, he even stands up for the common people; the entire tone of the book is influenced by the national-patriotic sentiments of the times of the Great Patriotic War. But the main images of the novel have not faded, the interest of the events has not disappeared, although in general the third book is weaker than the first two.

Twice in the novel physiological signs of fear are shown in the danger of death from enemy weapons. During the Azov campaign, when you can get a Tatar arrow from the darkness: “Your toes were curling.” At the end of the novel, near Narva, Lieutenant Colonel Karpov is glad that he remained alive after the salvo: “And the overcoming fear, from which his shoulders rose, fell away...” In general, Alexei Tolstoy did not strive to be a battle painter in Peter the Great; his descriptions of battles are usually short; the confusion and turmoil of a mass deadly fight is best conveyed.

The novel has many characters, but none cameo character does not get lost among others. A. Tolstoy is inventive in anthroponymy. Thus, the satirical image of the boyar Buinosov is created, in particular, by an absurd, comic surname (the character is “buen”, but only with his nose). The loving character is given the nickname Varena Madamkin. And Fedka’s colorful nickname, Wash Yourself with Mud, forcing the reader to imagine a face that can be washed even with mud, could hardly have been invented by anyone other than Tolstoy. The writer was not afraid to belittle thereby a strong, talented man from the people with an extremely dramatic fate. surname

A.N. Tolstoy wrote books throughout the four decades of his working life. He wrote stories, poems, created novels and plays, staged film scripts, wrote articles for newspapers and magazines, retold Russian folk tales and was the author of numerous books for everyone.

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Works of Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy Presentation prepared by teacher primary classes MBOU "Mainsky Multidisciplinary Lyceum" Demina O.V.

Father - Count Konstantin Petrovich Tolstoy (1779-1870), the elder brother of the artist F. P. Tolstoy.

Mother - Anna Alekseevna Perovskaya, pupil (illegitimate daughter) of Count A.K. Razumovsky. Marriage to father A.K. Tolstoy was unhappy; There was an open break between the spouses.

Instead of his father, Alexei was raised by his maternal uncle A. A. Perovsky (Anton Pogorelsky), who composed a fairy tale for his nephew “ Black chicken"about the adventures of a boy named Alyosha.

Childhood Early childhood Alexey spent time in Ukraine, on his uncle’s estate.

Travel to Germany In 1826 A.K. Tolstoy went to Germany with his mother and uncle Antony Pogorelsky. His memory was particularly impressed by his visit to Goethe in Weimar and the fact that he sat on the great old man’s lap.

Meeting with Alexander II At eight years old, Tolstoy, along with her mother and uncle, moved to St. Petersburg. Through a friend of Perovsky, the boy was introduced to the then eight-year-old heir to the throne, later Emperor Alexander II, and was among the children who came to the Tsarevich on Sundays to play. Relationship with royal family continued throughout Tolstoy's life.

In 1834, Tolstoy was assigned as a “student” to the Moscow archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Since 1837, he served in the Russian mission in Germany, in 1840 he received service in St. Petersburg at the royal court, and in 1843 - the court rank of chamber cadet.

Creativity A.K. Tolstoy In the late 1830s - early 1840s written (on French) two fantastic stories- “Family of the Ghoul” and “Meeting after Three Hundred Years.” In May 1841, Tolstoy first appeared in print, publishing a separate book under the pseudonym “Krasnorogsky” (from the name of the Krasny Rog estate), fantastic story"Ghoul". V. G. Belinsky responded very favorably to the story, seeing in it “all the signs of a still too young, but nevertheless remarkable talent.”

Genre diversity of A.K.’s lyrics Tolstoy The main thing in poetry Tolstoy considered beauty and love, which are present in everyday life. The poems are permeated with longing for beauty, sadness for the unique value of earthly, real human love– “A tear trembles in your jealous gaze...” (1858), “In the land of rays, invisible to our eyes” (1856), “In the midst of a noisy ball, by chance...” (1851) and others.

Romance “Among the Noisy Ball...” In 1878, 3 years after the death of A.K. Tolstoy, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote music for the poems “Amidst the Noisy Ball...”, music as pure, gentle and chaste as the poems.

Autumn. Our entire poor garden is crumbling, Yellowed leaves are flying in the wind; Only in the distance they show off, there at the bottom of the valleys, Bright red brushes of withering rowan trees. A.K. Tolstoy

Historical images in the works of A.K. Tolstoy In his works, he pays a lot of attention to the era of the ancient cities of Kyiv and Novgorod and the era of the reign of Ivan the Terrible. These are the novel “Prince Silver”, the tragedy “The Death of Ivan the Terrible” (1866), “Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich” (1868), “Tsar Boris” (1870).

Poetic legends When creating his ideals, Tolstoy did not care about historical authenticity, resorting to free speculation, so the results were not so much pictures of history as colorful poetic legends. At the same time as real people, heroes of legends appear in epics and ballads - Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Sadko and others. All characters are created according to the same principle, the boundaries between history and folklore are deliberately erased.

The poet sings the poem “Ilya Muromets” in epic hero wisdom, inner restraint, combined with heroic power and strength.

Historical drama "Posadnik" The last work A.K. Tolstoy became a drama from the ancient Novgorod history “Posadnik”. Work on it began immediately after the end of the trilogy, but he did not have time to complete it. Alexey Tolstoy died on October 10, 1875 in his estate Krasny Rog, Chernigov province.

Museum-estate of Alexei Tolstoy, located in Krasny Rog. In the village of Krasny Rog, fifty kilometers from Bryansk, there is the former estate of the most famous poet, prose writer and playwright in Russia, Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. Currently there is an estate museum here.

The poet's grave and monument in the village. Red Horn

Check yourself In what city was A.K. born? Tolstoy? Name the names of famous relatives of A.K. Tolstoy. What work did Anton Pogorelsky dedicated to A.K. Tolstoy? What was the name of the romance by P.I. Tchaikovsky, written to poems by A.K. Tolstoy? Where was A.K. buried? Tolstoy? What topics does A.K. touch on? Tolstoy in his works? The images of which heroes were reflected in the works of A.K. Tolstoy? What was the name of the work that A.K. Tolstoy didn't have time to finish?