What is true friendship? This question has always worried many philosophers, psychologists and writers, and I.S. Turgenev was no exception. One of the main themes in his novel “Fathers and Sons” is friendship, friendly relations between Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. But after reading the work to the end, it is still unclear whether these two characters are friends or just two people who, willy-nilly, were brought together by fate. In order to understand this issue, you need, firstly, to define for yourself what friendship is.

It seems to me that this is, first of all, mutual understanding between people, a willingness to understand each other, to help, but the interests and hobbies of these same people are also very important. But the main thing is that friendship is tested by time, true friendship does not break. And, going back, secondly, we need to get into the heads of both characters, understand what they mean to each other. This is already more complex issue, and we will deal with it now.

Arkady is drawn to Bazarov because he is not like the others. Bazarov attracts Arkady with his thinking, his pronounced nihilism. He is a bright, contradictory personality, and all times have been drawn to such people. Arkady feels a sense of admiration for Evgeniy, considers him his teacher, and extols him and his ideas. But Evgeny considers Kirsanov a little boy, a romantic; he doesn't take it seriously at all.

Bazarov's real passion is natural sciences, while Kirsanov is closer to music and poetry. Their interests, despite the supposedly common “fascination” with nihilism, do not coincide. The discord in their relationship becomes especially noticeable on the Kirsanov estate. It is in his own home, being between two fires (the elder Kirsanovs, family and friend-mentor Bazarov), that Arkady begins to understand that, it turns out, his friend’s beliefs are not so close to him. This understanding is growing and growing every day, but the apogee of the whole situation can be considered the conversation after the meeting with Odintsova.

Bazarov himself pushes his friend away, declaring:

"You gentle soul, scumbag! You are not created for our proud Bobyl life!”

But is there anything bad in Arkady’s aspirations, in his desire to start a family and live provincial life? Bazarov denies everything that he doesn’t like; with this he pushes away even Arkady Kirsanov, who treats him warmly. Mismatch of interests different worldview become a huge obstacle for the friendship of Evgeniy and Arkady. And their friendship cannot stand, it breaks; only Arkady, in the end, finds happiness in his parents' house, with Katya Odintsova, but Bazarov dies alone, having not loved anyone in his entire life and not truly making friends with anyone. You really feel sorry for him in the last chapters, which describe his decline in all alone- but is it possible to feel sorry for a person who doomed himself to such a death?

The friendship of Bazarov and Kirsanov cannot be considered real - it cannot be called friendship, in fact. The relationship between these two is in the nature of affection - Kirsanov is attached to Bazarov as a student to his beloved teacher, and he, accordingly, to Kirsanov as a capable student. But, unfortunately, it is impossible to talk about anything more in their case.

Bazarov and Arkady. The theme of friendship. Friendship is the spiritual closeness of people, mutual understanding, willingness to understand another person, to help him in a difficult situation. If there is no mutual understanding between friends, then there can be no true friendship. I. S. Turgenev writes about this in the novel “Fathers and Sons”.

His main character- Evgeny Bazarov. He is a man of new times, a nihilist. Bazarov is interested in natural sciences, is preparing to become a doctor, dreams of transformations in Russia, of improving the life of the peasantry. Arkady Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov precisely because he is not like others and is passionate about new ideas. Kirsanov tries to imitate his friend. But for Bazarov, Arkady is a young boy, a romantic, whom he treats with condescension.

Arkady and Evgeny were raised in different conditions. Kirsanov grew up in his father's rich landowner's house, and from childhood he was surrounded by parental care and affection. Life in the village flowed sleepily and leisurely. Nikolai Petrovich, his father, lived like other landowners, “occasionally went hunting and took care of the farm.”

Evgeniy's parents live much more modestly, in a small village house covered with a thatched roof. His family is closer to the common people: his father is a former military man, his mother is “a real Russian noblewoman of the past.” They live the old fashioned way, accustomed to work. And Evgeniy, in a dispute with Pavel Petrovich, proudly declares: “My grandfather plowed the land.” Evgeny was used to working since childhood, and even on vacation at the Kirsanov estate, “Arkady was sybaritizing, Bazarov was working.” He conducts experiments on frogs, treats ordinary people. Arkady strives to help his friend, but I think that natural sciences are not his passion. He is closer to nature, music, poetry. And yet Kirsanov is drawn to Bazarov as a person; it is not for nothing that he pronounces the word “nihilist” with such pathos. In the Kirsanovs' house, Bazarov is a stranger, the old people do not share his beliefs, they have their own principles.

It is strange to them that Bazarov denies art, poetry, religion, love. And it’s hard for Arkady to understand his friend’s beliefs, although he supports him. Kirsanov Jr. finds his happiness in his love for Katya Odintsova, because these heroes have a lot in common.

Family happiness is important to Arkady. Bazarov falls in love with Katya's sister, Anna Odintsova. However, Anna rejects his feelings. Gradually, Bazarov and Arkady become more and more distant from each other, because they do not have common interests. Moreover, Evgeny himself pushes his friend away: “You are a gentle soul, a weakling, where can you hate!.. You are a nice fellow, but you are still a soft, liberal gentleman...”.

In my opinion, Bazarov himself is to blame for his loneliness. None of the people around him understand or accept nihilism. Evgeny himself pushes away even the nice ones, good parents, and Arcadia. Kirsanov is sorry to say goodbye to his friend, because his soul cannot hate someone or push someone away. If you want to have real friends, you must accept them, perhaps come to terms with some shortcomings, and not impose your opinion. The strong, of course, can subjugate the weak, but this is not friendship, but only admiration. True friendship is built on mutual understanding, common interests and the ability to give in.

Arkady and Bazarov are very different people, and the friendship that arose between them is all the more surprising. Despite the young people belonging to the same era, they are very different. It is necessary to take into account that they initially belong to different circles of society. Arkady is the son of a nobleman, he early childhood absorbed what Bazarov despises and denies in his nihilism. Father and uncle Kirsanov intelligent people who value aesthetics, beauty and poetry. From Bazarov’s point of view, Arkady is a soft-hearted “barich”, a weakling. Bazarov does not want to admit that the liberality of the Kirsanovs is a consequence of deep education, artistic talent and high spirituality of nature. Bazarov denies such qualities as completely unnecessary. However, in this case we're talking about not only about intelligence, but also about the deep continuity of the experience of previous generations, about preserving traditions and everything cultural heritage.

The family theme played a big role in Russian literature, so the demonstration of intra-family conflict turned out to be revolutionary. The integrity and harmony of society was measured by the unity of the family. Consequently, such problems turned out to be not just family problems, but also problems of the entire society.

Bazarov attracted Arkady with his sharpness, originality and courage. For the young “barich” such personalities were a novelty. Arkady has become a kind of embodiment of youth, which is drawn to everything new and unusual, is easily carried away by new ideas, and has a keen interest in life in all its manifestations. Arkady is looking for his own life path by trial and error. His attitude towards traditions, authorities and other things important to his father is quite frivolous. He lacks the wisdom of age, tolerance and consideration for other people that his father has. The conflict between Arkady and Nikolai Petrovich does not carry any political origin, it is cleared of social motives. Its essence is the eternal misunderstanding between youth and old age. However, this situation does not at all contradict the nature of things. On the contrary, old age is a guarantor of the preservation of moral values, cultural heritage and traditions in society. Youth, in turn, ensures the movement of progress with its craving for everything new and unknown.

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is a completely different matter. He came from a simple family, he is even somewhat ashamed of his parents. He is harsh, at times rude, decisive, categorical in his judgments and categorical in his conclusions. He quite sincerely believes that a good chemist is worth twenty poets. He does not understand the role of culture in society. He proposes to destroy everything so that clean slate start writing history again. This sometimes drives Pavel Petrovich, with whom he argues, into despair. We see maximalism on both sides taken to the extreme. Neither one nor the other wants to give in to each other and admit that their opponent is right. This is their main mistake. All sides are right up to a point. Pavel Petrovich is also right when he speaks of the need to preserve the heritage of his ancestors, and Bazarov is also right when he speaks of the need for change. Both of these sides are sides of the same coin. Both are sincerely concerned about the fate of their native country, but their methods are different.

The friendship of Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov begins to crack when Bazarov falls in love with Odintsova, and Arkady with Katya. Here their differences are fully revealed. If feeling is difficult for Bazarov, he cannot surrender to love, then Arkady and Katya learn to be themselves. Bazarov moves away from his friend, as if feeling his rightness, and not his own.

The image of Arkady was drawn in order to set off the image of Bazarov and show the versatility of human nature and the same social problem. This makes the image of Bazarov even more lonely and tragic. Bazarov is considered, like Rudin, Pechorin, Onegin and Oblomov, “ extra person" He has no place in this life, although such rebels always arise in troubled times.

The theme of friendship is one of the leading ones in Russian XIX literature century. “My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal” - this is how A.S. characterized him. Pushkin true friendship.

The theme of friendship is also presented in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

The main character of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, appears before the reader along with his friend Arkady. It seems like they are like-minded people. Friends study together at the medical faculty of the university. Arkady idolizes his comrade, admires his progressive views, extraordinary character and independent behavior. And Bazarov is one of those people who needs students and admirers. However, this friendship turned out to be short-lived. What is the reason?

Bazarov and Arkady - absolutely various people. According to his convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him.

Bazarov, in any environment, in any home, is engaged in business - the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Arkady does not do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. Arkady cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, and speech patterns.

The development of relations between Bazarov and Arkady develops into a conflict. Bazarov’s views do not become an organic part of Arkady’s worldview, which is why he abandons them so easily. “Your brother, a nobleman,” says Bazarov to Arkady, “cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. You, for example, don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself to be great - but we want to fight.” Bazarov disagrees with Arkady on the main thing - his idea of ​​life, the purpose of man.

Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Bazarov breaks up with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him. Bazarov says that he has other words for Arkady, but to express them is romanticism for Bazarov.

Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all” (D. Pisarev) - this is the main thing in the disagreements of the heroes.

After its publication in 1862, Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” caused a literal flurry of critical articles. None of the public camps accepted Turgenev’s new creation. Liberal criticism could not forgive the writer for the fact that representatives of the aristocracy, hereditary nobles, are depicted ironically, that the “plebeian” Bazarov constantly mocks them and turns out to be morally superior to them. Democrats perceived the novel's protagonist as an evil parody.

But all these facts, it seems to me, speak in favor of I.S. Turgenev. Like a true artist, a creator, he was able to guess the dictates of the era, the emergence of a new type, the type of democrat commoner, who replaced the progressive nobility.

The main problem posed by the writer in the novel is already heard in its title: “Fathers and Sons.” This name has double meaning. On the one hand, this is a generational problem - eternal problem classical literature, on the other hand, the conflict between two socio-political forces operating in Russia in the 60s of the 19th century: liberals and democrats.

The characters in the novel are grouped depending on which socio-political grouping we can attribute them to.

The fact is that the main character Bazarov turns out to be the only representative of the “children’s” camp, the camp of commoner democrats, and all the other heroes are in the hostile camp.

The central place in the novel is occupied by the figure of a new man - Evgeny Bazarov. He is presented as one of those young leaders who “want to fight.” Others are people of the older generation who do not share Bazarov’s revolutionary democratic beliefs. They are depicted as petty, weak-willed people, with narrow, limited interests. The novel presents nobles and commoners of two generations - “fathers” and “children”. Turgenev shows how a commoner democrat acts in an environment alien to him.

In Maryino, Bazarov is a guest who differs in his “new” appearance from his landowner owners. They are considered friends with Arkady, although their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Subjugation is observed throughout the novel weak nature stronger: Arkady - Bazarov. Over time, Arkady stops blindly repeating Bazarov’s judgments and opinions of the nihilist. The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in Kirsanov’s “empire”. Bazarov is busy with work, studying nature, Arkady is sybaritic and does nothing. The fact that Bazarov is a man of action can be seen immediately from his red bare hand. Yes, indeed, in any environment, in any home, he tries to get busy. His main business is the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice.

Passion for science is a typical feature cultural life Russia in the 60s, which means that Bazarov keeps up with the times, works, practices medicine, conducts experiments. Arkady is the complete opposite. He doesn’t do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

They approach art completely differently. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches, and appearance.

A disagreement arose between “friends” in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. Here Arkady’s resistance to Bazarov’s views is already visible; gradually the “student” emerges from the power of the “teacher.” Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. “You are a gentle soul, a weakling,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. The “disciple” cannot live without principles. Arkady is a person belonging to the old generation, the generation of “fathers”. But Bazarov appears before us as a person belonging to a new generation that replaced the “fathers” who were unable to solve the main problems of the era.

Pisarev very accurately assesses the reasons for the disagreements between the “student” and the “teacher”, between Arkady and Bazarov: “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all.”

Arkady wants to be the son of his century, trying to use Bazarov's ideas, but this is impossible, since he belongs to the category of people who are always looked after and always do not notice the care over themselves. Bazarov treats him patronizingly and almost always mockingly; he understands that their paths will diverge.