The story “Live and Remember” was written in 1974. In 2008, the work was filmed by director Alexander Proshkin. The main roles in the film were played by Daria Moroz and Mikhail Evlanov.

The main character of the story is a young woman named Nastya. The orphan was brought up in her aunt's house, not knowing any love or even just good treatment. WITH early years Nastya was forced to work hard so as not to be a freeloader in someone else's house. When Andrei Guskov asked the girl to marry him, she accepted his proposal without hesitation. Nastya never loved her husband, but she was sure that in marriage she would find happiness, which she did not have in her childhood. For several years of living together, the Guskov family never had children. Andrei blamed his wife for this. Nastya constantly felt guilty.

The head of the family leaves for the front. A young wife receives letters from her husband. But one day a policeman and the chairman of the village council came to her. Andrei has gone missing and is suspected of desertion. When the ax disappeared from the bathhouse, the young wife immediately realized that her husband had returned home. After some time, the meeting of the spouses did take place. It seemed to Nastya like an obsession, a nightmare.

The superstitious woman was sure that the man she met in the bathhouse was not her husband, but a werewolf. Nastya doubted for a long time the reality of everything that happened at night, believing that she had only dreamed it all. Subsequently, Andrei explained to his wife that he was not a murderer or a traitor. He didn't commit any crime. The reason for his desertion was his too early discharge from the hospital. Guskov had to go back to the front, despite the fact that his treatment was not yet completed.

Andrei understands that his actions will be regarded by the authorities as one of the most terrible crimes, but does not want to correct the situation in any way. Nastya carefully hides the illegal return of her husband from her fellow villagers. The young woman still does not love her husband. A sense of duty forces her to lie. The long-awaited pregnancy becomes an unexpected joy for the Guskovs. For the sake of her husband and unborn child, Nastya is ready to endure even greater hardships.

A hopeless situation
Pregnancy brought more than just joy. The absence of a husband and the presence of a child can only mean one thing: Nastya cheated on Andrey. If this is not the case, it means that Guskov has returned, which, in turn, indicates his desertion. Nastya agrees to be considered an unfaithful wife if it helps save her husband.

A young woman faces hatred and contempt from those around her. Upon learning that the daughter-in-law is pregnant, the mother-in-law immediately kicks her out of the house. Despair leads Nastya to suicide. A young woman rushes into the Angara.

Nastena Guskova

Having not received love and affection in childhood, main character dreams of her own family, where she would be the mistress. Nastya has no time to wait true love. She wants to leave her aunt's house as soon as possible and accepts a marriage proposal from an unloved man.

The main character trait of the main character is a feeling for a long time. Nastya knows that she must be married, must have children, must be a faithful and devoted wife to her husband. This is her purpose, and she does not see her life differently. When Andrei is in trouble, Nastya makes every effort to help him. The young woman still does not love her husband. But Andrey is her only one close person, which she doesn't want to lose.

The dream of true happiness seems especially close to Nastya after she finds out about her pregnancy. Now she will have a full-fledged family, and she will no longer consider herself a flawed woman. But at some point the main character realizes that this time too happiness will pass by. The long-awaited child was conceived at the wrong time. It will bring sorrow instead of joy.

A sense of duty makes Nastya suffer severely. She fulfilled her duty to her husband, but at the same time betrayed her homeland. Seeing how funerals are brought to other families, Nastya reproaches herself for the fact that another woman became a widow instead of her. Her husband is alive only because other people's husbands died. This seems unfair to Nastya.

Finding herself in a hopeless situation, the main character sees the only solution to her problem. However, the author does not want Nastya to be considered a suicide. Trying to justify his heroine, he says that the young woman is simply very tired. She was looking for rest, not death.

Andrey Guskov

Unlike his wife, Andrei is not burdened with a sense of duty. He can easily be called an irresponsible person. Andrey lives for himself and for himself. He recognizes only his own truth. In the absence of children main character, first of all, blames his wife. He does not consider himself either a deserter or a traitor. Andrei ran away from the hospital because they wanted to send him to the front ahead of time. He was simply saving his life and was not going to betray anyone. Besides, he is just a peasant, not a warrior. Andrei was not born to kill other people.

Guskov selfishly accepts all his wife’s sacrifices, without even thinking about what suffering he is dooming her to with his actions. Having shifted all his problems to the weak, fragile Nastya, Andrey does what he considers necessary. His wife's suffering means nothing to him. She is a woman, her destiny is to endure. Despite the fact that his wife’s pregnancy only worsened the current situation, Andrei does not feel any remorse and does not blame himself for conceiving a child in such difficult circumstances. He finally got what he wanted for so long.

main idea

The desire to follow duty may not always be justified. The desire to constantly give for free is no less destructive than the constant desire to unrequitedly accept a sacrifice. By disturbing the energy balance, both the giver and the taker remain losers.

Analysis of the work

Valentin Rasputin presented the life of ordinary Russian people in his story. "Live and Remember" ( summary This work is hardly capable of conveying the entire palette of feelings experienced by the characters) - not a unique story. Women and men like Nastya and Andrey during the Great Patriotic War there were a lot.

The author does not condemn his heroes, does not pass harsh sentences on them. Nastya refused to hand over her unloved husband to the authorities. She wanted to be happy no matter what. You shouldn’t blame Andrey either. He was not born to kill and destroy. The mission of a simple peasant is creative work. Andrei does not consider himself a traitor because he always served his homeland in a different way: he cultivated the land, as his ancestors did. The main character is sure that it was not he who betrayed his homeland, but his homeland in some way betrayed him. He fought for a long time, was wounded and hoped for a vacation, during which he could be with his family and heal his wounds. But instead, Andrei will again have to go to the hated war.

Horror carnage awaken in a person the instinct of self-preservation - one of the most ancient human instincts. The fewer chances for life a person has, the stronger his desire to stay alive.

"Live and Remember" analysis of the work - theme, idea, genre, plot, composition, characters, issues and other issues are discussed in this article.

The plot of the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Live and Remember" reminds detective story: old man Guskov’s skis, ax and self-sustaining gabak disappeared from the bathhouse. However, the work itself is written in a completely different genre: it is a deep philosophical reflection on moral principles existence, about the power of love. Since the ax disappeared from under the floorboard, Nasten’s daughter-in-law immediately guesses that one of her own took it. A complex range of feelings takes possession of her. On the one hand, she wants to see her husband, whom she sincerely loves. On the other hand, he understands that if he is hiding from people, it means he deserted from the front, and such a crime is war time not forgiven. A number of bright visual and expressive means of V.G. Rasputin shows the depth of Nastena’s experiences.

At first, “she lay for a long time in the dark with with open eyes, afraid to move, so as not to give away her terrible guess to someone,” then she sniffed the air in the bathhouse like an animal, trying to catch familiar smells. She is tormented by a “stubborn horror in her heart.” The portrait of Nastena (long, skinny, with awkwardly protruding arms, legs and head, with frozen pain on her face) shows what moral and physical torment the war brought to the woman. Only her younger sister Katka forced Nastena to show interest in life and look for work. Nastena endured all the hardships steadfastly, learning to remain silent. She considered childlessness to be her greatest misfortune. Her husband Andrei was also worried about this and often beat her.

Rasputin does not try to justify Andrei’s desertion, but seeks to explain it from the position of a hero: he fought for a long time, deserved leave, wanted to see his wife, but the leave he was entitled to after being wounded was canceled. The betrayal that Andrei Guskov commits creeps into his soul gradually. At first he was haunted by the fear of death, which seemed inevitable to him: “If not today, then tomorrow, not tomorrow, then the day after tomorrow, when his turn comes.” Guskov survived both wounds and shell shock, experienced tank attacks and ski raids. V.G. Rasputin emphasizes that among the intelligence officers Andrei was considered a reliable comrade. Why did he take the path of betrayal? At first, Andrey just wants to see his family, Nastena, stay at home for a while and return. However, having traveled by train to Irkutsk, Guskov realized that in winter you couldn’t turn around in three days. Andrei remembered the demonstration execution, when in his presence they shot a boy who wanted to run fifty miles away to his village. Guskov understands that you won’t get a pat on the head for going AWOL.

Gradually Andrei began to hate himself. In Irkutsk, he settled for some time with a mute woman, Tanya, although he had absolutely no intention of doing this. A month later, Guskov finally found himself in his native place. However, the hero did not feel joy from the sight of the village. V.G. Rasputin constantly emphasizes that, having committed betrayal, Guskov embarked on the path of the beast. After some time, life, which he valued so much at the front, became no longer pleasant to him. Having committed treason, Andrei cannot respect himself. Mental anguish, nervous tension, the inability to relax for a minute turns him into a hunted animal.

Andrei's betrayal falls fatally on Nastena's shoulders. For a long time she cannot comprehend what has happened: her husband, who came secretly to his native land, seems to her to be a werewolf: “Understanding little, she suddenly realized: is it her husband? Wasn't it a werewolf with her? Can you see it in the dark? And they say they can pretend so that even in broad daylight you can’t tell them apart from the real thing.” Because of Andrey, the woman has to lie and dodge. With touching naivety, Nastena tries to confront cruel reality. It seems to the heroine that she only dreamed of the night meeting with her deserter husband. V.G. shows with fine detail. Rasputin, like Nastena, strives to remove the obsession from himself, to get rid of it like a nightmare. Official religiosity, lost during the years of Soviet power, is still alive in the depths of the consciousness of Russian people. It is her (as the strongest family amulet) that the unfortunate Nastena calls for help: “Not knowing how to place a cross correctly, she haphazardly crossed herself and whispered the words of a long-forgotten prayer that came to mind, left over from childhood.” However, the entire depth of grief and horror of the unfortunate woman, her awareness of the fatal line that Andrei’s betrayal drew between their family and the rest of the world, is embodied by the last phrase of the third part of the story, when Nastena freezes from the treacherous thought: “Wouldn’t it be better if this Was it really just a werewolf?

Nastena begins to help her husband hide and feeds him. She trades food for things. All the worries fell on this woman’s shoulders (about her younger sister, about her elderly in-laws). At the same time, a terrible secret puts a stone wall between Nastena and her fellow villagers: “Alone, completely alone among people: no one to talk to, no one to cry to, everything must be kept to oneself.”

The heroine's tragedy is intensified by the fact that she became pregnant. Having learned about this, Andrei at first rejoices, and then understands what a difficult situation his wife finds herself in: after all, everyone will think that the woman spoiled this child while her husband is fighting at the front. In a difficult conversation on this topic, the symbolically important image of the Angara arises. “You only had one side: people. There, by right hand Hangars. And now there are two: people and me. It’s impossible to bring them together: the Angara needs to dry out,” says Andrey Nastene.

During the conversation, it turns out that the heroes once had the same dream: Nastena, in her girlish form, comes to Andrei, who is lying near the birch trees and calls him, telling him that she was tortured with the children.

The description of this dream once again emphasizes the painful intractability of the situation in which Nastena found herself.

Talking about the fate of the heroine, V.G. Rasputin simultaneously sets out his views on life and happiness. They are sometimes expressed by him in aphoristic phrases: “Life is not clothes, you don’t try them on ten times. What you have is all yours, and it’s not good to renounce anything, even the worst.” It’s paradoxical, but, left alone with their common joy and misfortune, the heroes finally found that spiritual closeness, that mutual understanding that was not there when they lived happily as a family before the war.

Having learned about Nastena's pregnancy, her fellow villagers condemn her. Only Andrei's father Mikheich understands with his heart the bitter truth about which he is so stubbornly silent. Tired of shame and eternal fear, she throws herself from the boat into the waters of the Angara River. Plot-story by V.G. Rasputin's “Live and Remember” shows that in difficult moments for the homeland, every person must courageously share its fate, and those who showed cowardice and cowardice will face retribution. They have no future, no right to happiness and procreation.

In addition to the main storyline The story contains interesting author's thoughts about the fate of the village. During the war, the village becomes shallow. The souls of people are hardened by grief. Pain for the fate of the Russian village is a cross-cutting theme in V.G.’s work. Rasputin.

Valentin Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" rivets you Special attention. This story shows the importance of human choice. The choice is especially important in difficult times for the entire people, for example, as in this story - during the Great Patriotic War. A person is capable of great merit to his homeland, to his comrades, but everything can always change and the situation can worsen due to the wrong choice.

The story "Live and Remember" tells about Andrei Guskov, an ordinary soldier who, on his life path took a wrong turn. In the last months of the war, he escaped from the hospital to return to his native place, meet his family and friends, the war is a well-traveled path. He served bravely, defended his homeland, and the Soviet Union had very little left to finish off the enemy, but Andrei was wounded and was sent to the hospital. In war, people are needed, so without fully recovering, they want to send Andrei back to the front. Having learned about this, Guskov decides to escape from the hospital; he does not want to die in the last months of the war.

He is declared a deserter. This was a real death sentence for him. It was not his family and friends who were waiting for him at home, but the police and military. Therefore, the main character had to hide, since in those days deserters were shot without trial. The only person he could trust was his own wife, Nastya. They got married before the war and it cannot be said that it was a strong family. It cannot be said that she loved him very much.

Rumors spread that Nastya had a lover and was not faithful to her husband. Nastya was forced to endure contempt from those around her, but not give her husband away. She became pregnant and the rumors only intensified as she continued to help her husband. When rumors reached the police, they decided to follow her when she once again sailed on a boat into the forest to visit her native husband. Noticing this, she decides to commit suicide to save her husband.

Andrei Guskov is a deserter who did not serve for a couple of months, the war ended and his fellow villagers greeted everyone from the front as heroes, and he was destined to live and remember what his escape led to. Live and remember, Andrey Guskov.

Option 2

Rasputin’s work “Live and Remember” cannot leave anyone indifferent. The story gives a complete picture of what ordinary human choice is. This choice takes on particular importance at a turning point for the nation, in this case, during the merciless Great Patriotic War. Yes, a person can be honored, talented, have remarkable abilities, but in an instant everything can change due to the wrong choice.

In the work, the main character is Andrei Guskov, an ordinary soldier who turned down the wrong path in the course of his life. At the final stage of hostilities, he decided to leave the location of the military hospital, where he had been after being wounded. He made a difficult journey to his native places to see his long-forgotten relatives and friends. The fact that he honestly fought for his Motherland until the last drops of blood and sweat is undeniable. The enemy has not yet been finished off; new people are needed to get into the meat grinder. The God of War is irrepressible - he needs new victims. And Andrei has not yet fully recovered from physical and psychological trauma. That is why Guskov decides to take such a daring step as escaping from the hospital.

The soldier was declared a deserter, leaving his unit without permission. This was the collapse of his hopes. Law enforcement agencies were already waiting for him on the spot. At that time, those who left the unit without permission were subject to execution by firing squad. He had one support left - his wife, whom he married before the war.

The wife finds out that the husband who fled from the unit made it to his native place and lives in the forest not far from his native village. Following marital fidelity, she began to nurse him, carry food and clothes. Anastasia could not tell anyone about her misfortune.

But in a small village, of course, it is difficult to hide anything; her adventures in the forest have already become noticeable.

Law enforcement officers decided to follow the woman; surveillance caught her when she was making her usual journey along the river to her husband’s abode. Seeing that she was being pursued, she took radical measures and committed suicide so as not to give away Andrei’s location.

What is the idea of ​​the work? Everything must be done to the end, otherwise it may cause irreversible consequences. Serve main character to the end, he would return to his village with honor as a recognized hero. Instead, Andrei was forced to hide in the forests like an animal. It would be better to die at the front than to live such a life. Since the Motherland has entrusted us with beating the enemy on its territory, then we need to carry out the order. His action caused a chain reaction that affected his loved ones. The title of the work is no coincidence. Now he will have to live with this for the rest of his life.

Several interesting essays

• Love and women in the life of Pechorin in the novel Hero of Our Time (Pechorin’s attitude towards women)

  Grigory Pechorin is the main character of M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.” To fully reveal the image " extra person“Love lines are introduced into the work.

The weather in summer is very warm and sunny. You can go to the river, to the outdoor pool and swim there

Tom Sawyer is a twelve-year-old cheerful boy. He is very resourceful, cunning, and sometimes playful. Everyone around him suffers from his mischief. Skipping classes, swimming without aunt's permission, constant fights with boys, devastation

• Essay No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten

  More than 70 years have passed since that terrible hour when the first fascist bombs fell on peaceful cities and villages of the Soviet Union. Exactly at four o'clock, when people are most sleepy.

• Essay Hare's Paws based on Paustovsky's story analysis

  The work tells about the events that happened in the family of the old hunter Larion Malyavin and his grandson Vanya.

Moral issues of V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember”

The story “Money for Maria” brought V. Rasputin wide fame, and subsequent works: “The Last Term”, “Live and Remember”, “Farewell to Matera” - secured his fame as one of best writers modern Russian literature. In his works, moral and philosophical questions about the meaning of life, conscience and honor, and a person’s responsibility for his actions come to the fore. The writer talks about selfishness and betrayal, about the relationship between the personal and the social in the human soul, about the problem of life and death. We will find all these problems in V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.”

War - this terrible and tragic event - has become a certain test for people. After all, it is in such extreme situations that a person shows the true traits of his character.

The main character of the story “Live and Remember,” Andrei Guskov, went to the front at the very beginning of the war. He fought honestly, first in a reconnaissance company, then in a ski battalion, then in a howitzer battery. And while Moscow and Stalingrad were behind him, while it was possible to survive only by fighting the enemy, nothing disturbed Guskov’s soul. Andrei was not a hero, but he did not hide behind his comrades either. He was taken into reconnaissance, he fought like everyone else, and was a good soldier.

Everything changed in Guskov’s life when the end of the war became visible. Andrey again faces the problem of life and death. And the instinct of self-preservation is triggered in him. He began to dream of being wounded in order to gain time. Andrei asks himself the question: “Why should I fight and not others?” Here Rasputin condemns the selfishness and individualism of Guskov, who at such a difficult moment for his homeland showed weakness, cowardice, betrayed his comrades, and was afraid.

The main character of Rasputin's story “Live and Remember” is similar to another literary character- Rodion Raskolnikov, who asked himself: “Am I a trembling creature or do I have the right?” Rasputin touches on the problem of personal and social in the soul of Andrei Guskov. Does a person have the right to put his interests above the interests of the people and the state? Does a person have the right to step over centuries-old moral values? Of course not.

Another problem that worries Rasputin is the problem of human destiny. What prompted Guskov to flee to the rear - the official’s fatal mistake or the weakness that he gave in his soul? Maybe if Andrei had not been wounded, he would have overcome himself and reached Berlin? But Rasputin makes his hero decide to retreat. Guskov is offended by the war: it tore him away from his loved ones, from his home, from his family; she puts him in mortal danger every time. Deep down, he understands that desertion is a deliberately false step. He hopes that the train he is traveling on will be stopped and his documents checked. Rasputin writes: “In war, a person is not free to dispose of himself, but he did.”

The perfect act does not bring relief to Guskov. He, like Raskolnikov after the murder, must now hide from people, he is tormented by pangs of conscience. “Now all my days are dark,” says Andrei Nastena.

The image of Nastena is central to the story. She is the literary successor to Sholokhov’s Ilyinichna from “ Quiet Don" Nastena combines the features of a rural righteous woman: kindness, a sense of responsibility for the fate of other people, mercy, faith in people. The problem of humanism and forgiveness is inextricably linked with her bright image.

Nastena found the strength to feel sorry for Andrei and help him. She felt in her heart that he was nearby. It was a difficult step for her: she had to lie, cheat, dodge, and live in constant fear. Nastena already felt that she was moving away from her fellow villagers, becoming a stranger. But for the sake of her husband, she chooses this path for herself, because she loves him and wants to be with him.

The war changed a lot in the souls of the main characters. They realized that all their quarrels and distance from each other in peaceful life were simply absurd. Hope for new life warmed them in difficult moments. The secret separated them from people, but brought them closer to each other. The test revealed their best human qualities.

Spurred by the realization that they would not be together for long, the love of Andrei and Nastena flared up with renewed vigor. Perhaps these were the most happy Days in their lives. Home, family, love - this is where Rasputin sees happiness. But a different fate was prepared for his heroes.

Nastena believes that “there is no guilt that cannot be forgiven.” She hopes that Andrei will be able to go out to people and repent. But he does not find the strength to do such an act. Only from a distance does Guskov look at his father and does not dare to show himself to him.

Not only does Guskov’s act put an end to his fate and Nastena’s fate, but Andrei did not spare his parents either. Perhaps their only hope was that their son would return from the war as a hero. What was it like for them to find out that their son was a traitor and deserter! What a shame this is for old people!

For determination and kindness, God sends Nastya a long-awaited child. And here the most the main problem story: does a deserter’s child have the right to be born? In the story “Shibalkovo Seed” Sholokhov already raised a similar question, and the machine gunner persuaded the Red Army soldiers to leave his son alive. The news about the child became the only meaning for Andrei. Now he knew that the thread of life would stretch further, that his lineage would not end. He says to Nastena: “When you give birth, I will justify myself, this is the last chance for me.” But Rasputin breaks the hero’s dreams, and Nastena dies along with the child. Perhaps this is the most terrible punishment for Guskov.

main idea V. Rasputin's story “Live and Remember” is a person’s moral responsibility for his actions. Using the example of Andrei Guskov’s life, the author shows how easy it is to stumble, show weakness and make an irreparable mistake. The writer does not accept any of Guskov’s explanations, because other people who also had families and children died in the war. You can forgive Nastena, who took pity on her husband and took his guilt upon herself, but there is no forgiveness for a deserter and traitor. Nastena’s words: “Live and remember” will pound in Guskov’s inflamed brain for the rest of his life. This call is addressed both to the residents of Atamanovka and to all people. Immorality breeds tragedy.

Everyone who reads this book should live and remember what not to do. Everyone must understand how wonderful life is, and never forget at the cost of how many deaths and distorted destinies the victory was won. Each work of V. Rasputin is always a step forward in spiritual development society. A work such as the story “Live and Remember” is a barrier to immoral acts. It’s good that we have writers like V. Rasputin. Their creativity will help people not to lose moral values.

Goals: Create conditions for improving the skills and abilities of text analysis, understanding the main idea of ​​a work, and developing the ability to see its artistic features.

To evoke in children thinking about what they read, a spiritual response and a sense of human responsibility for their choice.

Contribute to the training of schoolchildren to work with different types information, build communication with text.

During the classes:

1 Organizational moment

Epigraph:

Not the one from fairy tales, not the one from the cradle,

Not the one that was taught in textbooks,

And the one that glowed in the inflamed eyes,

And the one who cried, I remembered the Motherland.

And I see her on the eve of victory

Not stone, bronze, crowned with glory,

And the eyes of the one who cried, walking through troubles,

A Russian woman who bore everything, endured everything. (K. Simonov)

1. Teacher's opening speech.

Today we are talking about war. It's always difficult to talk about her.

During the war, about 27 million people died in the USSR, 40% were civilians who died in concentration camps, and according to unofficial data, losses amounted to more than 40 million people.

Terrible numbers; there was not a family in the country that did not suffer during the war. This huge fiery wheel passed through destinies and crippled the souls of people.

And it is not surprising that prominent Russians did not remain aloof from the war. Soviet writers and poets. In many works fiction The post-war period and modernity reflect the theme of war from various positions.

Teacher: - Let’s remember what works of literature you know on military topics.

(Children's answers)

2. Teacher: - In today's lesson we will get acquainted with one of the most difficult and most interesting works Russian literature, a work that stands among the truly outstanding, classic books of our time. We will talk about V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember.” Our lesson today is a reflection lesson, a reflection on the depths of the human soul.

How do you understand this expression “a journey into the depths of the soul”? (Understand human psychology, the reasons for his actions).

Which Russian writer before Rasputin laid the foundation for such a deep analysis of human psychology? (F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel “Crime and Punishment”).

II Repetition homework

Teacher : - The homework was to study the biography of V. Rasputin and read the story “Live and Remember.”

. Information about the writer (Student message)

Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin was born in 1937. A modern Russian writer, a native Siberian, has always lived and lives in his homeland, writes about those who are nearby, whom he knows and loves. His most famous works: the story “The Deadline”, “Fire”. "Farewell to Matera." The paradox of Rasputin is that his writing theme, his pain, his life task was to expose the origins of immorality, and his heroes, on the contrary, were people of exceptionally high morality. His work has been awarded many state awards and literary prizes. For the story “Live and Remember,” published in 1974, he was awarded the State Prize.

What works of the writer do you know? (Children's answers)

III . Work on the topic of the lesson

1. Analysis of the story.

Teacher: - What is the strength of this work? Why did it arouse such interest? Let's try to figure it out. To begin with, let's definetheme of the story . What is it about? (Answer options: - about love; - about a deserter; - about a Russian woman; - about war.)

Of course, every assumption you made is correct. But the main theme will be determined by the words of one of the characters in the story:

“It’s all war, it’s all damned!” -Who says these words? Who do they belong to? (Andrey Guskov).

War is a terrible test for a person. War cripples the souls of people and passes through their destinies like a wheel of fire. Sometimes in war people do terrible things.

The idea for the story was a childhood memory: (Slide)

1) Conversation:

Which episode is described first in the story? (Disappearance of the axe).

Why did Nastena guess that the ax was his own? (The ax was lying under the floorboard, and only family members knew about it).

Why do you think it is the ax that disappears, and not, say, a gun or fishing gear? In which work of Russian literature does the same detail appear? (F. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment”).

Which symbolic meaning does this item have? (Guskov raised the ax to his fate).

What makes Nastya look for a continuation of the story with the ax? What feelings does the heroine experience? (“She looked at the bathhouse as if spellbound.” “A restless, stubborn horror in her heart forced her to look for a continuation of the story with the ax”).

What feeling does Nastya have? (“What about her husband? Wasn’t she a werewolf with her?”)

Who is this man, and what allowed him to commit an act that is despised always and everywhere, regardless of century and nationality?

What word does the author most often repeat when he begins the story about Andrei? Let's remember how he felt when he left the village when he went to the front. It should be added that he was among the first to be called up for war.

(We read excerpts from the story) “Andrei looked at the village silently and offended, for some reason he was ready not to blame the war, but the village for being forced to leave it.”

“The involuntary resentment towards everything that remained in place, from which he was torn away and for which he had to fight, did not go away for a long time.

“He was offended: why so soon? He didn’t have time to drive away, break away, and everything he was going to become was already forgotten, buried: that means: go and die, you are a finished person for us.” (The word “offended”, “offended” is emphasized by the author).

Was Guskov a coward? “Among the scouts, Guskov was considered a reliable comrade; the most desperate guys took him with them to back up each other. He fought like everyone else, no better and no worse.”

Teacher: - So, Andrei commits a crime. Which? (Children's answers).

2) . Working with the class. Group work.

Teacher: -Can we unconditionally call him a criminal? Opinions will vary. To answer, we will divide into two groups, one group defends, and the other accuses A. Guskov.

But instead of going to the front, after being wounded, Andrei decides to go home. What motivates him to choose this path, do you think?

What made him take offense? (The idea that he should die is him).

What causes Guskov's offense? (Fear).

Who is Guskov afraid of? (For yourself, for your life).

What character trait gives rise to this fear? (Egoism).

Andrey is driven by selfishness. Self-love.

Teacher: - Prove, based on the text of the story, that Guskov also involves Nastya in his sin, driven by motives of selfishness. (He needs Nastya as a breadwinner: bring a gun, matches, salt. He is not worried about what she will have to face. He forces her to remain silent, threatens to kill her if she says anything).

How does the author show the dehumanization of the hero? He starts doing dirty tricks on people (he steals fish, rolls a tree stump onto the road, wants to set fire to the mill). They may not see him, but they suspect that he exists. He kills a roe deer and a calf.

Let us turn to the episode of killing the calf. Why is this murder? “Frightened, he turned his head towards the approaching man - quickly and accurately, with an instant swing, the man hit him with the butt of an ax on his exposed forehead, and his head, with a slight grunt, fell and hung on the belt. At the same moment, a cow screamed from behind. Having gone completely wild, Guskov went at her...”

How do humans and animals behave? (The animal behaves like a human, but the human has become brutal).

Does the hero find what he was striving for? How does he feel when he sees his village, his father? “He stood, looked, remembered, but everything was somehow easy, without excitement and pain - either they had not yet woken up, had not stirred, or he had managed to destroy them. He himself began to be surprised at his calmness: for the first time in four years he was standing in front of his native village... and his soul was empty. Is it really all burned down?"

What does the hero doom himself to? (He dooms himself to complete loneliness, isolation from people).

Who does Guskov blame for his misfortunes? (War and Fate)

Teacher: The author uses the technique of dehumanizing the hero, that is, depriving him of the qualities of a person. We proved that the person inside Andrei Guskov died. Depicting the internal dehumanization of the hero, the author shows and external changes. Let's see how it changed appearance Andrey Guskov.

. 3. Work according to the table. Andrey Guskov – Dehumanization of the hero

Teacher: -Who did you look like, what animal does the writer compare the hero of the work with? - Who is to blame for this situation? Whom does Andrei blame?

– For Andrei, there are two culprits - war and fate. He is not ready, does not want to take responsibility for his actions, and hides behind them. “It’s all war, it’s all damned!” “Andrei understood: his fate had turned into a dead end, from which there was no way out. And the fact that there was no turning back freed him from unnecessary thoughts.” He does not think about the suffering he brings to his family.

Teacher: What do we know about his family?

– Father Mikheich is kind, gentle, always supported Nastena..

Teacher : How does he behave after his guess about the return of his son?

– I felt the closeness of my son, moved away from people, feeling guilty for his action.

Teacher: Did the mother feel the closeness of her son? Why?

– Semyonovna did not feel her son’s proximity. Perhaps this is the blind one mother's love– she didn’t even allow the thought that her son would return differently than a hero.

Teacher: - What can we say about Nastya? What was her youth like? How and why did she marry Andrei? How did he treat her? Could she be holding a grudge against him? Does Nastena have any doubts about helping or not helping her husband? Why? What do we know about Nastena’s fate? (Difficult childhood, early hardships, hardened character).

How does her life and behavior change? Was lying, theft, and cunning typical of her character? (I had to remake myself).

Teacher: What feelings does she have for Andrey?

Could she refuse this fate? - That’s the point, I couldn’t, because I didn’t know any other love, I couldn’t do it any other way.

– She loved, pitying, and regretted, loving. These are two feelings that guide a Russian woman through life. I was only thinking about where to get the strength that would help return him to his place.

Teacher: Where did Nastena get her strength anyway? Where does this moral fortitude and devotion come from?

– Everything from childhood. It is there that character is tempered and a person is formed. Nastena and Andrey had different childhoods, and their personalities turned out to be different.

Teacher : Now we need to say a few words about the composition. Did you notice anything while reading?

4. Working with the circuit (Slide)

– V. Rasputin has a special structure compositions – mirror arrangement of chapters . Similar episodes are repeated after some time

Teacher: Why do you think the author structured the story this way?

– Repetition allows you to look more closely at inner world heroes, to see how the state and consciousness of the characters changes.

Teacher: Finding out the reasons for the actions of the heroes, the author takes us to childhood, to where personality is formed. And then events begin to develop rapidly, and the author leads us to a tragic ending. Events are repeated, but the heroes are different.

Teacher: She feels lonely even among people. There are two mass scenes in the story that prove this (the return of Maxim Vologzhin and the day the war ended). Let's see how Nastena felt when she was among people?

– She feels lonely, believes that she is unworthy to be with everyone. She is forced to prove to herself that she has the right to rejoice with everyone, that she deserves this holiday.

What's the difference life positions Guskova and Nastya?

What motives drive the heroes? (Selfishness of one, generosity, love of another).

What do they see as the cause of misfortune? - What feelings do you have?

How do you perceive loneliness and isolation from people?

Comparison of the feelings of the characters in the work

Nastena

Egoism, thinks first of all about itself.

The causes of misfortune are war and fate.

Resentment and anger.

Generosity, love, simplicity and mercy.

She is inclined to blame herself for her husband’s misfortunes.

Belief in the kindness of people.

Teacher: But there is no limit to human suffering. Fate sends her another test - unborn child. Why this test?

Teacher: And then a simple and evil thought comes to her: “I wish it would end soon. Any ending is better than this life.” But she had hope for the help of nature. What time in the life of the village was Nastena looking forward to?

– It's haymaking time. This is the time when all people are together, and not only the unity of people is felt, but also the unity with nature. After all, she always helped Nastya.

Teacher: Let's remember the description of nature in chapters 10 and 19. Why such a gloomy landscape?

– Nature is trying to stop her, detain her.

IV Consolidation

Teacher :

Why is the situation with Andrei less tragic than with Nastena? Rasputin himself spoke about this: “I wrote not only and least of all about the deserter, about whom everyone talks incessantly, but about a woman...”

Return to the epigraph

Wasn't it about her, about this woman?K. Simonov in one of his poems: (Listening to an audio recording)

What is her tragedy and why is it she, and not the deserter Guskov, who commits the sin of suicide and even murder, because she kills not only herself, but also her unborn child.

What is the main rule for Nastya in family life? (Loyalty).

It would seem that she is doing the right thing in her mind. She helps her husband, with whom fate brought her together, with whom she must be together in both sorrow and grief. But the heroine feels a discord with her soul, some kind of discomfort. What is this discord? (Rights before oneself, but not rights before people. Helping her husband means betraying those whom he betrayed. Being honest before her husband is a sin before her father-in-law and mother-in-law).

Why is she being punished like this? Is this her fault? (- But Nastena comes up with the blame for herself:)

“Or maybe she is also to blame for the fact that he is here - not guilty, but guilty? Was it because of me that he was drawn home most of all?.. He did not open up to his father and mother, but he did open up to her. And maybe he delayed death just to be with her. So how can we give it up now? It is absolutely necessary not to have a heart, but instead of a heart to hold a steel scale, weighing out what is profitable and what is unprofitable. Here you can’t brush aside a stranger, even if he is thrice unclean, but he is your own, dear... If not God, then life itself united them, so that they could stick together, no matter what happens, no matter what misfortune befalls.”

What does Nastya hope for? (He hopes for the kindness of people, for mercy).

Nastya shares her husband’s guilt, assuring herself that no matter what happens to him, she is responsible.

She even sees a sign of fate. What sign is this? (Mutual dream of the heroine and hero).

Why did Nastya decide to commit suicide? ( High degree self-sacrifice led her to a dead end from which she found no other way out).

Teacher: But Nastena never waited for haymaking. She understands that Andrei was tracked down and tries to warn him. With what feelings does she go to this last way?

– I was ashamed in front of Andrei, in front of people, in front of myself. She's tired. Nastena asks herself questions to which there is no answer.

Let's look at her final thoughts:

“I’m ashamed... why am I so heart-rendingly ashamed both in front of Andrei, and in front of people, and in front of myself? Where did she get the guilt for such shame?

“Does everyone understand how shameful it is to live when someone else in your place could live better? How can you look people in the eyes after this?”

Why is she ashamed? Is this not the shame about which Gorky wrote that “the most severe shame and great torment is when you do not know how to worthily defend what you love, what you live by”?

Did the village condemn Nastya?

Who is to blame for the misfortunes of Nastya and Guskov? (War).

Teacher: Imagine night, silence, the river is shimmering and on this moonlit path there is a lonely woman in a boat.

(Fragment from the film)

So she gets up, hangs over the edge, and the silence is broken by a cry: “Nastena, stop, don’t you dare, Nastena!” And we understand that this is not only the cry of Maxim Vologzhin, it is the cry of the author himself.

V. Rasputin wrote: “I am inclined to accept Nastena’s death not as a victory of evil, but as a severe test of the moral law, when they demand from him: “Give up,” and through tears and torment he: “I can’t.”

Teacher: Do you think that if Andrei decided to act, if he came out to people, would they forgive him?

– Nastya is forgiven, and he would be forgiven.

How does Nastya die?

Did the village condemn Nastya? - Who is to blame for the misfortunes of Nastya and Guskov? (War).

And we are convinced once again that main topic the story is war. But not every action can be justified by war.

Can every crime be justified by war?

– War will write off a lot, but there are higher moral laws which no one has the right to transgress and it is impossible to justify such actions.