MAIN DATES IN THE LIFE AND WORK OF S. T. AKSAKOV

All dates are given in old style.

1791, September 20 - In Ufa, the official of the Ufa Zemstvo Court and landowner Timofey Stepanovich Aksakov and his wife Maria Nikolaevna, nee Zubova, had a son, Sergei.

1792–1799 - Childhood years spent in Ufa and his grandfather’s estate Novo-Aksakovo (or the village of Znamenskoye) of the Buguruslan district of the Ufa governorate (since 1791 - Orenburg province). Tales of the housekeeper Pelageya. Uncle Evseich, his stories. Passion for fishing.

1800–1801 - Arrival in Kazan. Sergei Aksakov enters the Kazan gymnasium. Disease. Departure from Kazan to the village.

1802 - In Novo-Aksakov. Return to Kazan, continuation of studies at the gymnasium.

1802–1804 - In the gymnasium. Teacher of Russian literature I. M. Ibragimov, teacher of mathematics G. I. Kartashevsky, teacher of high school student Sergei Aksakov. Acquaintance with Russian and French literature. Love of poetry and theater. First hunt with a gun and passion for it.

1805 - Opening of Kazan University, enrollment of senior high school student Sergei Aksakov as a student.

1806 - The arrival in Kazan of the actor and playwright P. A. Plavilshchikov, who discovered Aksakov, in his words, “ new world in theatrical art." University performances with the participation of Sergei Aksakov. Literary classes.

1807 - Request for dismissal from the university “for assignment to civil affairs.”

1808–1813 - Petersburg. Serving as a translator in the Law Drafting Commission. Meeting A. S. Shishkov. Actors Ya. E. Shusherin, A. S. Yakovlev, I. A. Dmitrevsky.

1811 - Retirement.

1812–1826 - Life in Novo-Aksakov, and then, after the family division, in the village of Nadezhdin, near Belebey, with visits to St. Petersburg and Moscow.

1815 - end of the year- Meeting G. R. Derzhavin in St. Petersburg.

1816 - Marriage to the daughter of Suvorov's general Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina.

1819 - Presentation on the St. Petersburg stage of S. T. Aksakov’s translation of “The School for Husbands,” a comedy by Moliere. Before this, in 1812, a translation of Sophocles' tragedy Philoctetes was made (with French).

1821 - Arrival in Moscow. Renewal of old literary and theatrical acquaintances. S. N. Glinka, M. N. Zagoskin, A. A. Shakhovskoy, F. F. Kokoshkin, A. I. Pisarev. Passion for theater and participation in “noble performances.”

1822 - Family section. The village of Nadezhdino, Belebeevsky district, Orenburg province, went to S. Aksakov.

1826 - Relocation to Moscow.

1827–1832 - (with a break) - Censor of the Moscow Censorship Committee, then chairman of this committee.

1827 - Participation in the “Moscow Bulletin” by M. P. Pogodin, theater articles and reviews.

1832 - Dismissal from service for missing the ballad “The Twelve Watchmen.”

1832, spring - Acquaintance with N.V. Gogol.

1833 - Death of mother.

1833–1838 - Inspector of the Konstantinovsky Land Surveying School, which was soon transformed into the Land Survey Institute, the first director of which was S. T. Aksakov.

1837 - Father's death.

1839 - The beginning of a “close friendship” with Gogol, in the words of Sergei Timofeevich himself. A trip with Gogol to St. Petersburg. Reverence for the “greatest glory of Russia.”

1843 - Acquisition of the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow.

1845 - Partial loss of vision. Dictations of “Notes on Fishing.”

1846 - Attacks of painful illness. The first excerpt of “Family Chronicle” was published in the “Moscow Literary and Scientific Collection”.

1847 - Publication of a separate edition of “Notes on Fishing”. A letter from Gogol with a request to write “Notes of his life.”

1849 - Gogol is Abramtsev's guest. Gogol reading the chapters of the first part of Dead Souls.

1850 - Acquaintance with I. S. Turgenev and the beginning of correspondence with him.

1852 - Death of Gogol. "Letter to Gogol's friends." A separate edition of “Notes of a Gun Hunter”.

1854 - Start of work on “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol.”

1855 - Disease. Work on “Family Chronicle” and “Memoirs”.

1856 - Separate edition of “Family Chronicle” (the first three excerpts) and “Memoirs”. The appearance of the last two excerpts of the Family Chronicle in magazines. The second edition of the Family Chronicle in its entirety.

1858, beginning of the year - Publication of the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson, Serving as a Continuation of the Family Chronicle.”

1858 - Poem “At the news of the coming liberation of the peasants.”

1858 - “Meeting with the Martinists”, “Natasha”, “Collecting Butterflies”, “Essay on a Winter Day”, the last work of the writer, dictated, according to Ivan Aksakov, “on the bed of a painful illness, four months before his death.”

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Biography, life story of Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich

Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was born in Ufa in 1791 on October 1 (September 20, old style). Sergei spent his childhood on an estate called Novo-Aksakovo among patriarchal landowners. This had a profound influence on the formation of Aksakov’s benevolent and calm worldview. His father, Timofey Stepanovich, was a simple provincial official from a poor, albeit ancient, noble family. Mother - Maria Nikolaevna, nee Zubova, was a very educated woman for her social circle and time. In her youth, she corresponded with famous Russian educators A.F. Anichkov and N.I. Novikov.

In 1799, Sergei Aksakov was assigned to study at the Kazan gymnasium, the senior classes of which were transformed in 1804 into the first year of the newly formed Kazan University at that time. Sergei Aksakov became his student. Even during his years of study at the university, Aksakov participated in the publication of student handwritten magazines. It was in them that his first literary opuses appeared - poems in a naive-sentimental style. After graduating from Kazan University, Aksakov moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered the service as a translator and became close to the “Conversations of Lovers of the Russian Word” circle. This circle included Alexander Semyonovich Shishkov and other writers who adhered to a conservative direction in literature and defended the purity of the classical Russian language. The circle published a magazine where Aksakov published his short stories and translations. On June 2, 1816, Sergei Timofeevich married Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina and went to live in his Novo-Aksakovo, located in the Orenburg province. There the Aksakovs had their first child, Konstantin. Sergei Timofeevich became so attached to his son that he practically replaced his nanny. In 1819, the Aksakovs had a daughter, Vera, and another son, Vanya, was born in 1823. All the Aksakov children became writers and public figures, ideologists of Slavophilism.

CONTINUED BELOW

The story “Family Chronicle” (1856) and, published two years later, “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” were devoted to the description three lives generations of nobles from the provinces at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Far from the political struggle that took place in the salons of the 40-50s of the 19th century, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov simply spoke about the relationship between gentlemen and men with his characteristic calm equanimity. He conveyed the landowners' confidence in the justice and immutability of the serfdom.

The Russian literary community did not find any traces of exposing the serf-like reality of the Russian Empire in Aksakov’s works. The writer simply truthfully showed everything, even the most unpleasant and dark sides, in the estate lordship, however, he did not try to lead his readers to the conclusion about the need to change the ancient life world order. N.A. Dobrolyubov, a democratic critic, blamed Aksakov for precisely this, noting in his article about the village life of landowners that the writer Aksakov was always distinguished by subjective observation rather than searching attention to the outside world.

However, despite such criticism, Aksakov’s house became a center of attraction for many artists and cultural figures. Outstanding writers and scientists came to Abramtsevo on Saturday evenings: Nikolai Filippovich Pavlov, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin, Nikolai Ivanovich Nadezhdin, Mikhail Alexandrovich Dmitriev, Stepan Petrovich Shevyrev. Friends of the Aksakov family were

, Moscow) - Russian writer, government official and public figure, literary and theater critic, memoirist, author of books about fishing and hunting, lepidopterist. Father of Russian Slavophile writers and public figures: Konstantin, Ivan and Vera Aksakov. Corresponding Member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Childhood and youth

Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov came from an old but poor noble family. His father Timofey Stepanovich Aksakov was a provincial official. Mother - Maria Nikolaevna Aksakova, nee Zubova, a very educated woman for her time and social circle, who in her youth corresponded with famous educators N.I. Novikov and A.F. Anichkov.

Aksakov spent his childhood in Ufa and on the Novo-Aksakovo estate, among steppe nature that was still little touched by civilization at that time. His grandfather Stepan Mikhailovich had a significant influence on the formation of Aksakov’s personality in early childhood.

Novo-Aksakovo

At the age of eight, in 1799, Aksakov was assigned to the Kazan gymnasium. Since 1804, when the senior classes of the gymnasium were transformed into the 1st year of the newly formed Kazan University, Aksakov became a student there.

During his years of study in Kazan (1804-1807), Aksakov participated in the publication of handwritten magazines: “Arcadian Shepherds” and “Journal of Our Activities”. His first ones appeared in them literary experiments- poems written in a naive-sentimental style. The Karamzinism of young Aksakov did not last long and was replaced by another extreme. At this time, he read “Discourse on the old and new syllable of the Russian language” by Admiral A. S. Shishkov and became an ardent supporter of his literary and linguistic theory. This commitment, however, was more ideological and theoretical in nature than practical, since it had little influence on the poetics and stylistics of his literary creativity.

Since 1806, Aksakov took part in the activities of the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature” at Kazan University. In June 1807 he moved to Saint Petersburg.

Memories of Aksakov’s childhood and youth subsequently formed the basis of his memoir-autobiographical trilogy: “Family Chronicle” (1856), “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson” (1858), “Memoirs” (1856).

Early period of literary activity

During this period, Aksakov was engaged in literary creativity irregularly; he was mainly attracted to translation activities. In the city he translates Molière’s “The School for Husbands”, for Shusherin’s benefit performance “Philoctetes” by Sophocles (from French), “8th Satire (On a Person)” by Boileau (). Somewhat later - Moliere’s comedy “The Miser” () and W. Scott’s novel “Peveril” ().

Among the poetic works of that time, it is worth noting the poem “The Ural Cossack” (1821), although he himself later characterized it as: “a weak and pale imitation of Pushkin’s Black Shawl.” In the same year, in Vestnik Evropy, he published “Elegy in a New Taste,” a parody of romantic school V. A. Zhukovsky and the sharply polemical “Message of the book. Vyazemsky."

Despite his irregular participation in the literary and theatrical life of Moscow, Aksakov is still a fairly prominent figure in it, and in 1821 he was elected to full membership in the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature” at Moscow University.

Aksakov - censor

A serious problem for Aksakov the censor was the need to supervise the Moscow Telegraph magazine. As already noted, its publisher N.A. Polevoy was in many ways an ideological opponent of Aksakov and naturally suspected him of bias. In the first period of his censorship, friction regularly arose between them, and when in 1830 the leadership again entrusted him with reading this magazine, Aksakov refused this so as not to raise doubts about his objectivity.

Aksakov approached his activities as a censor exclusively conscientiously, paying attention not only to the content, but also to the artistic quality of texts. He was not particularly harsh, but he was not a liberal either. So, due to an unfavorable political situation, he suspended the publication of “Martha the Posadnitsa” by M. P. Pogodin, which he himself had previously authorized, and made serious changes to “Poems” by A. I. Polezhaev.

In 1831, the first issue of the Telescope magazine was published, in which N. I. Nadezhdin’s article “Modern Direction of Enlightenment” was published, which aroused the displeasure of the authorities. Aksakov was reprimanded as a censor. In response, he wrote sharp explanatory letters to the head of the gendarmerie department in Moscow and the head of the III Division himself, A. Kh. Benckendorf.

Aksakov received a new strict remark for permission to publish the article “The Nineteenth Century” by I. V. Kireevsky in No. 1 of the magazine “European”. The magazine was closed.

The management's opinion of Aksakov's activities became less and less favorable. The last straw was the publication of the satirical ballad “Twelve Sleeping Watchmen” by E. Fityulkin, which he allowed, which once again aroused the emperor’s anger. In February, Mr. Aksakov was dismissed from the Censorship Committee.

Theater criticism

Until the mid-1820s, theater criticism in periodicals in Russian Empire was banned. But by the end of the decade, censorship restrictions began to loosen, and of course, the passionate theater lover Aksakov immediately became involved in this activity, becoming one of the first Russian theater critics. In 1825, his “Thoughts and remarks on theater and theatrical art” were published in the “Bulletin of Europe”, and from 1828 to 1830 he became a permanent theater columnist for the “Moscow Bulletin”. Since the middle of the year, on his initiative, this magazine has published a special “Dramatic Addendum”, in which he combines the activities of author and editor. In addition, he published a number of articles in Galatea and Molva.

Most of these publications were published anonymously or under pseudonyms, since Aksakov could not, for ethical reasons, openly combine the work of a censor and a writer. To date, probably not all of his theatrical and critical works have been identified. Some literary historians, for example, suggest that the sensational series of theatrical critical articles published in Molva in 1833-1835. signed with the initials P. Shch. also belongs to his pen.

Aksakov's notes are quite simple in form and are devoted mainly to an analysis of the actors' performances, their interaction and the correspondence of stage techniques to the content of the role. He pays a lot of attention to the fight against cliches and outdated stage manners, recitation. Aksakov rarely theorizes, but despite this, his aesthetic position is very definite and consistent. It is based on the requirements of “graceful simplicity” and “naturalness”.

Aksakov was one of the first to appreciate the talent and importance for the Russian theater of M. S. Shchepkin and P. S. Mochalov. In the year after a trip to St. Petersburg, he published two “Letters from St. Petersburg to the publisher of the Moskovsky Vestnik,” in which he gave a remarkable comparative description of the playing styles of P. S. Mochalov and V. A. Karatygin. The ideas expressed then by Aksakov were later deepened and developed by V. G. Belinsky.

Literary criticism

In Aksakov’s literary biography, the complex history of his relationship with the Moscow Telegraph magazine deserves special mention. Its publisher, N. Polevoy, represented the liberal trend in Russian journalism and was in many ways an ideological opponent of the literary circle to which Aksakov belonged. Aksakov himself took the position of a sympathetic observer rather than a participant in the debate: only a few articles on this topic are known, including: “Response to the anti-criticism of Mr. V.U.” (1829), “Answer to Mr. N. Polevoy” (1829) “Conversation about the imminent publication of Volume II of the History of the Russian People” (1830). A fact of this controversy was Aksakov’s demonstrative withdrawal from membership in the “Society of Lovers of Russian Literature” in 1829 as a sign of protest against the election of N. Polevoy as a member of this society. During the controversy with the Moscow Telegraph, Aksakov also published a “Letter to the publisher of the Moskovsky Vestnik.”<О значении поэзии Пушкина>"(1830). This note is notable for the fact that in it Aksakov not only highly appreciated Pushkin’s work during the poet’s lifetime, but also defended him from unfair attacks from criticism.

His last literary critical work was a short article “About Yu. Zhadovskaya’s novel “Away from the Big World”” published in “Molva” in 1857.

Aksakov - director of the Land Surveying Institute

In the 40s, the themes of Aksakov’s work underwent radical changes. He begins to write a “Family Chronicle,” and in the city he is captured by a new idea: to write a book about fishing. In -th he finishes work on it and in -th publishes it under the title “Notes on Fishing.” The book became an event in literary life and earned unanimous approval literary criticism. Its 2nd edition, revised and significantly expanded, is published in the city, and the 3rd lifetime edition is published in the city.

Inspired by his success, Aksakov began writing a book about hunting. After three years of hard work in the city, the book “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” comes out of print.

The book also gained great popularity; the entire edition was sold out unusually quickly. Critical reviews were even more favorable than for the book about fishing. Among others, I. S. Turgenev wrote a wonderful laudatory review. However, while preparing for the 2nd edition (), Aksakov unexpectedly encountered serious opposition from censorship. Only after a tense and lengthy struggle did he manage to defend the book.

Aksakov's books about fishing and hunting were very unusual for their time. They were distinguished from numerous manuals on this topic, first of all, by their high artistic level text. Each chapter of the book was a complete literary work- an essay devoted to any element of fishing and hunting equipment, one or another type of fish or bird. The poetic landscape sketches, apt, witty descriptions of fish and bird habits attracted attention. However, first of all, the success of the books among the readers was facilitated by the author’s special style of narration, confidential, based on a rich life experience, and personal memories.

While working on “Notes of a Gun Hunter,” Aksakov conceived the idea of ​​publishing an annual almanac: “Hunting Collection,” and in 1853 he submitted a petition about this to the Moscow Censorship Committee. The publication project was rejected. The reason for the ban was the general reputation of the Aksakov family as disloyal to the current government. In addition, a personal file was opened and regularly replenished in the III Department for S. T. Aksakov himself, as clearly “ill-intentioned”.

While the bureaucratic procedure in the Censorship Committee continued, Aksakov wrote more than a dozen essays and short stories about different types hunting. As a result, after the final ban on the publication of the almanac, he compiled a collection from ready-made materials and published it in the city: “Stories and memories of a hunter about different hunts.”

Aksakov and later, almost until his death, did not abandon this favorite topic of his, occasionally publishing small essays in periodicals: “Explanatory note to “The Falconer’s Way” (), “Remarks and observations of a hunter to take mushrooms” (), “Several words about early spring and late autumn fishing" (), etc.

Memoir-autobiographical trilogy

Drawing from the Aksakovs' album

The history of writing “Family Chronicle” stretched over almost a decade and a half. Work on it began in the th year. But soon Aksakov was distracted from her by writing notes about fishing and hunting. Although he did not stop thinking about the great memoir work, work on it resumed only in the city.

As it was written, the book was published in parts in periodicals: a small episode from it appeared back in the city in the “Moscow Literary and Scientific Collection”. 8 years later, the first “excerpt” is in “Moskvityanin” (), the fourth - in “Russian Conversation” () and the fifth - in “Russian Bulletin” (). At the same time, Aksakov worked on “Memoirs”, which in the city, under the same cover, together with the first three excerpts of the “Family Chronicle”, were published as a separate book. In the same year, Aksakov added the remaining two passages to the 2nd edition, and the Family Chronicle finally took its finished form.

When preparing the book for publication, Aksakov again encountered censorship difficulties, especially with regard to the passages “Stepan Mikhailovich Bagrov” and “Mikhaila Maksimovich Kurolesov.” But much more painful for Aksakov than censorship pressure was the need for resistance from many relatives who feared public disclosure of the shadow sides family life, any secrets and troubles. Many of the persons mentioned were still alive, many internal conflicts still retained their sharpness. As a result, Aksakov was forced to either keep silent about many events or mention them in passing, with a hint. Largely because of these same reasons, Aksakov did not finish the story “Natasha” (), which was thematically adjacent to “Family Chronicle”. As a result, a compromise solution was found: to abandon a detailed account of some events and replace the real names of the characters with fictitious ones.

"Family Chronicle" consists of five passages. The first passage describes the life of the family after moving to new lands in the Ufa governorate. The second tells the dramatic story of the marriage of Praskovya Ivanovna Bagrova. The story of the marriage and first years of family life of the author’s parents. As a result, a surprisingly holistic picture of provincial noble life at the end of the 18th century emerges from narratives that are heterogeneous both in theme and style.

The events described in Aksakov’s “Memoirs” took place in the period from 1801 to 1807, during his studies at the Kazan gymnasium and University. Unlike the "Family Chronicle", the material for which was mainly oral histories family and friends, this work is built almost entirely on the basis of Aksakov’s personal memories. It's also thematically different. The family theme recedes into the background, and the plot development is built around the problems that inevitably arise during the period of growing up of the teenage hero.

From 1854 to 1856 Aksakov is working intently on writing “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson.” The book was published in its entirety in 2010; only a small excerpt was published a year earlier in periodicals. The chronology of its plot fills the “gap” between the end of the “Family Chronicle” and the beginning of “Memoirs”, and covers the period of Aksakov’s biography from 1794 to 1801. “Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson” is deservedly considered one of best works, artistically describing spiritual life a child, a gradual change in his worldview as he grows older.

As an appendix to the “Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” Aksakov published the fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower. (The Tale of the Housekeeper Pelageya).” This literary adaptation of the famous story about beauty and the beast, subsequently published separately, became probably Aksakov’s most popular and frequently published work.

The prevailing descriptive-memoir style was reflected even in Aksakov’s correspondence. Eg. his letter to V.I. Bezobrazov is essentially a memoir about another famous memoirist D.B. Mertvago.

Aksakov and Gogol

Aksakov met Gogol in 1832. Without exaggeration, this acquaintance can be called fateful, since it was Gogol’s influence as a writer that was one of the most important factors that predetermined the entire direction of Aksakov’s mature work. The history of their relationship alternated between long periods of close communication and, conversely, mutual misunderstanding. At the same time, Aksakov was one of the first who not only appreciated Gogol’s talent, but saw in him a great writer.

Gogol's death was a great shock for Aksakov. Almost immediately he published “Letter to Gogol’s Friends” in Moskovskie Vedomosti (

The date of birth of the famous Russian writer Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov is considered to be October 1, 1791. His childhood years were spent on his father's estate Novo-Aksakovo and the city of Ufa.

The atmosphere in the house in which the boy grew up was characterized by calmness, goodwill, respect of all family members for each other and the desire for education. The only thing that darkened their cloudless life was the boy’s severe illness. Due to repeated attacks, he was unable to attend regularly. educational establishments and therefore was forced to study at home.

He began attending the gymnasium in 1799. When the gymnasium acquired the status of a university, Sergei continued his studies there until 1807. As a young man, he was a member of a group of literature lovers. This was facilitated by his curiosity and great desire for reading. Later, he became interested in the theater and tried his hand at writing poems, which were published in local literary magazines.

After moving from Moscow to St. Petersburg in connection with his graduation from Kazan University, he was appointed to the position of translator, but did not give up his literary activity.

The year 1811 in the writer’s life was again marked by his move to St. Petersburg. During Patriotic War he lived in one of the villages of the Orenburg region. Staying there for 15 years, he was engaged in translations.

From his marriage to O.S. Zaplatina, registered in 1816, he had 10 children. The family was exemplary. They spent time together in nature, and during the hunting season the writer happily took a gun with him. Having received a decent inheritance from a relative, he began business activities. Later, leaving the farm, he returned to Moscow. However, the position of censor held there had a dramatic outcome. He was forced to resign. Aksakov was persecuted, for example, because he treated the keepers of order in a humiliating manner in his works.

A large number of translations representing the rich heritage of S. T. Aksakov for this period are a combination of deep knowledge of the Russian word, traditions, and subtle observation of the surrounding world: the tragedy of Sophocles “Philoctetes”, the comedy of Moliere “The School for Husbands”, the novel by W. Scott “ Peveril Peak" and others. In 1847, he summarized his real observations of the life of the living world in “Notes of a Gun Hunter,” and in 1855 in “Stories and Memoirs of a Hunter about Various Hunts.”

This erudite, talented, enthusiastic person did not leave without a trace. His name was immortalized by naming the streets of many cities, a sanatorium, and a crater on Mercury after him.

Every creative stage literary activity Aksakova S. T. is a time rich in impressions that autobiographical prose or descriptions of nature, everyday life are presented on the pages of works.

The life of a famous figure, a great writer, was cut short in 1859 in Moscow.

Option 2

S.T. Aksakov is an outstanding Russian prose writer, publicist, philosopher, and memoirist. He was born in the Urals, in Ufa, into a noble family belonging to an ancient family. The Aksakovs' estate was called Novo-Aksakovo, and the boy's father was in public service as a prosecutor. Mother is a housewife. The family has long cultivated good education and upbringing of children. Therefore, Sergei was immediately immersed in an atmosphere of intelligence and intellectual work.

In adolescence S.T. Aksakov studied at the local boys' gymnasium in Ufinia, and then entered Kazan University, where he studied for a relatively short time. It is here that he discovers brilliant knowledge in the humanities and is seriously interested in literature, art, theater, and poetry. During the same period, his first lyrical experiments appeared. During these same years, he also made his theatrical debut on the university stage.

But Aksakov did not complete the full course at the university. He was forced to move to St. Petersburg, where he joined the Commission for Drafting Laws as a translator. He knew foreign languages ​​well. But this type of activity did not appeal to him either. He continued to be drawn to the world of literature. In this area, Aksakov gradually acquired numerous acquaintances: he began visiting literary salons, circles, and interest groups.

With the onset of 1816, Aksakov decided to get married. His chosen one was O. Zaplatina, with whom he settled in the family estate of Novo-Aksakovo. Over the years happy marriage Based solely on love and mutual respect, the Aksakovs had ten children. Parents paid a lot of attention to their upbringing and training - however, just as they once paid a lot of attention to Aksakov himself in childhood. Family values ​​were almost in the first place for him.

Ten years after the wedding, the Aksakovs moved to Moscow. Here Sergei Timofeevich worked as a censor, then served as an inspector at the Konstantinovsky Land Survey School. There he soon became director.

Devoting more and more free time to literature, Aksakov wrote the essay “Buran” in 1834. It was this work that gave the “impetus” to other more problematic and personal works of the author. They started talking about Aksakov as an autobiographical writer later. Also, his works are imbued with natural history premises and are written in an interesting, understandable language. Aksakov also closely collaborated with thick critical magazines, actively publishing his articles on the works of A.S. in them. Pushkin. N.V. Gogol and other famous contemporaries.

Later, the Aksakov house on the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow became the center of Russian cultural, literary and philosophical thought. Famous people gathered there and discussed pressing state problems.

Aksakov’s essay “Notes on Fishing” was a great success, as well as “Notes of a Gun Hunter,” where the writer talentedly poeticized Russian nature and pointed out its uniqueness.

At the end of his life, Aksakov’s health deteriorated. He began to go blind. It became difficult for him to write and generally lead an active social life. Autobiography is inherent to a greater extent in his later works, such as “Family Chronicle” and “Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson,” composed on the basis of childhood memories and family traditions of the author himself.

How memoirist Aksakov showed himself in the most last years life - in 1858 - 1859. These are the famous “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs” and “Meetings with the Martinists”.

Biography 3

Sergei Aksakov is a wonderful writer with a conservative attitude towards innovations in the old school of Russian language and literature, which is why many considered this writer to be a narrow-minded conservative, however, despite this, the author wrote quite worthy works, which were later included in the classics of Russian fiction.

The future author of works was born in the city of Ufa in 1791, in the family of a strictly conservative, his father, who adhered to very strict morals, placing in his family the same strict prohibitions on almost absolutely everything, which later, of course, influenced the worldview of young Sergei . His father often forbade him from seemingly simple things, such as toys, which his father did not allow him to touch. He also often became a listener to his father's instructions and sermons.

As a young man, he entered Kazan University, after which he decided to go to the service, where he joined a circle related to literature, in which he met future writers, he was lucky, since everyone in the circle held rather conservative views about Russian literature, and despised all sorts of innovations . There, Sergei is instilled with a love of literature, and it is there that he decides to connect his life with literature, after which he decides to start writing his own literary masterpieces. Together with the club, they publish a magazine in which he publishes his works. His works do not go unnoticed, and very soon he becomes the person everyone is talking about, since his writing style appealed to so many people, which is why he began to publish his works in more eminent publications than the club magazine.

A little later he marries and goes to his estate in the village. There his firstborn is born, and then his second son. In his family, he adheres to the same rules that his father adhered to when raising him.

In 1826, he and his family moved to Moscow, where he received a position as a censor, and then, after working hard for some time, he received the position of director at one of the city's institutes in 1835. There he continues to live and work and, in the end, leaves the world due to old age.

Biography for children 4th grade

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Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich is a Russian writer, government official and public figure, literary and theater critic, memoirist, author of books about fishing and hunting, lepidopterist. Father of Russian writers and public figures Slavophiles: Konstantin, Ivan and Vera Aksakov. Corresponding Member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Brief biography - Aksakov S. T.

Option 1

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich (1791 - 1859), prose writer. Born on September 20 (October 1, new year) in Ufa into a noble noble family. He spent his childhood on the Novo-Aksakov estate and in Ufa, where his father served as prosecutor of the Upper Zemstvo Court.

He studied at the Kazan gymnasium, and in 1805 he was admitted to the newly opened Kazan University. Here Aksakov’s interest in literature and theater manifested itself; he began to write poetry and successfully performed in student plays. Without graduating from university, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he served as a translator in the Commission for Drafting Laws. However, he was more interested in the artistic, literary and theatrical life of the capital. Makes a wide circle of acquaintances.

In 1816 he married O. Zaplatina and left for his family estate Novo-Aksakovo. The Aksakovs had ten children, to whose upbringing they paid exceptional attention.

In 1826 the Aksakovs moved to Moscow. In 1827 - 32 Aksakov acted as a censor, from 1833 to 1838 he served as an inspector at the Konstantinovsky Land Survey School, and then as the first director of the Land Survey Institute. But he still paid the main attention to literary and theatrical activities. The essay “Buran,” published in 1834, became the prologue to Aksakov’s future autobiographical and natural history works. At this time, he actively acts as a literary and theater critic.

Aksakov's house and the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow are becoming a kind of cultural center where writers and actors, journalists and critics, historians and philosophers meet.

In 1847 he published “Notes on Fishing,” which had great success. In 1849, “Notes of a Gun Hunter” was published, in which the author showed himself as a soulful poet of Russian nature. In the fifties, Aksakov’s health deteriorated sharply, blindness loomed, but he continued to work. His autobiographical books, “Family Chronicle” (1856) and “ ” (1858), written on the basis of childhood memories and family legends, became especially popular.

In the last years of his life, such memoirs as “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs” and “Meetings with the Martinists” were also created.

Option 2

A widely known Russian writer, born on September 20, 1791 in the Ural city of Ufa. Aksakov first received his education at the gymnasium, and then at the famous university in the city of Kazan.

His mother missed her son so much, and Sergei Timofeevich himself thought about his home every day. When Aksakov was studying at the gymnasium, he began to experience nervous fainting, since by nature he was a calm and vulnerable child, but the whole situation and longing for his mother only exacerbated his illness. He lived with his grandfather for almost a year, but he had to get an education, and so he returned to the gymnasium. He didn't like the way his teachers taught him at all. And he treated only Kartashevsky with respect. Later he is legally married to the sister of this teacher. But no matter how much Sergei Timofeevich criticized his studies at this institution, he graduated excellently, receiving certificates of commendation for his efforts.

As a 14-year-old teenager, the writer entered Kazan University and, in addition to carefully listening to the main university lectures, he received education in several subjects at the gymnasium. During his studies, Aksakov showed a great interest in theatrical art, and, as a student, he organized his own troupe, where he later also performed on stage.

During his studies, Sergei began to create his first works. His poems were published in the magazine “Hell Shepherds” and were appreciated by readers and critics.

In 1808, the Aksakov family came to St. Petersburg, where Sergei Timofeevich got a job in an institution that was developing laws.

But this work did not bring him satisfaction, and in 1812 he first left for Moscow, and then to the village, where he got a job in the police.

But circumstances are such that Aksakov has undergone many changes in his personal destiny. He revised a lot in his views on creative activity, and, having forever ended life in the village, Sergei Timofeevich came again to Moscow in 1826. He immediately begins working at Moskovsky Vestnik, where he stubbornly defends his comrades from censorship. And in 1827 he became a censor, and served in this position for about 6 years.

Soon, many of his familiar friends died, and some lost authority, and Aksakov began to communicate with members of the young community of students, which included his son Konstantin.

The creative activity of Sergei Timofeevich continues to be replenished with his new works. The work “Family Chronicle”, published in 1856, was a tremendous success.

The story “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” published in 1858, was in less demand among readers. He did not forget about the children. A magnificent fairy tale " The Scarlet Flower“To this day, children of all ages enjoy it.

Perhaps the writer would have created even more works, but an illness associated with the eyes undermined the writer’s health. And although he was ill, Aksakov still created more and more new works. In 1859, Sergei Timofeevich dies, but his wonderful creations arouse interest among modern readers.

Option 3

Sergei Timofeevich was born in 1791 in Ufa. He grew up in an intelligent family, where rudeness or severity was excluded in treatment. Since childhood, he loved to read books, and already at the age of 5 he was retelling the fairy tales “A Thousand and One Nights” in person. In 1799, he was sent to the Kazan gymnasium, where, due to separation from his family, epilepsy began to develop due to nervousness. And his mother, unable to bear the separation, simply took him away from there. After 2 years, Aksakov returned to the gymnasium again. As a student, his first poems were already published.

In 1808 he moved to live in St. Petersburg, where he made friends with some influential and famous people, Shishkov, Derzhavin. And this friendship more than once helped him out economically. difficult times. He often translates classics from French into Russian.

In 1821 he married and they had 10 children. In 1827, Sergei Timofeevich took the place of censor in the Moscow Committee. He was involved in checking many current printed materials. This work opened many doors for Aksakov. By 1848, there were approximately 22 pseudonyms under which Sergei Timofeevich published his works. At the end of the 1820s, Aksakov already played the role of a theater critic. In 1832, he met Gogol and, under his influence, wrote several autobiographical memoirs dedicated to the writer.

Ultimately, in 1837, after resigning from his position, Aksakov went to live on a huge estate, which he inherited from his father. Suddenly, his vision began to deteriorate so much that he was forced to use the help of others to complete his robots. During these quiet years at home, his masterpiece was born - “Notes” about fishing and hunting. The published work was a huge success among readers. Aksakov diligently used his writing talent until his death in 1859.

Full biography - Aksakov S. T.

Aksakov, Sergei Timofeevich, famous Russian writer. The scion of an old noble family, A. undoubtedly had in childhood vivid impressions of the proud family consciousness of this nobility. The hero of the autobiography that made him famous, grandfather Stepan Mikhailovich, dreamed of his grandson precisely as a successor to the “famous family of Shimon” - the fabulous Varangian, nephew of the king of Norway, who left for Russia in 1027. S. T. - the son of Timofey Stepanovich A. (1759 - 1832) and Maria Nikolaevna Zubova, daughter of the assistant to the Orenburg governor, was born in Ufa on September 20, 1791. The future writer inherited a love for nature - completely alien to his mother, who was a city dweller through and through - from his father. In the initial development of his personality, everything fades into the background before the influence of the steppe nature, with which the first awakening of his powers of observation, his first sense of life, and his early hobbies are inextricably linked. Along with nature, peasant life invaded the boy's awakening thought.

Peasant labor aroused in him not only compassion, but also respect; The servants were their own not only legally, but also mentally. The female half of the servants, as always, the guardian of folk poetry, introduced the boy to songs, fairy tales, and Christmas games. And “The Scarlet Flower,” written down many years later from the memory of the story of the housekeeper Pelageya, is a random fragment of that huge world of folk poetry into which the boy was introduced by the servants, the maidens, and the village. But earlier folk literature they came from the city, mostly translated; his mother’s old friend Anichkov brought the boy into frantic delight with the scattered collection “ Children's reading” A.I. Novikova. Kampe’s “Children’s Library”, translated by Shishkov, introduced him to the world of poetic lyricism; He was also greatly impressed by the works of Xenophon - “Anabasis” and the history of Cyrus the Younger. This was already a transition from children's books to real literature. With his characteristic rapture, he plunged into Kheraskov’s “Rossiada” and the works of Sumarokov; immediately he was “driven crazy” by the tales of “A Thousand and One Nights,” and next to them he read “My Trinkets” by Karamzin and his “Aonids.”

A long series of book memories of A. shows how little can be considered the situation in which he passed early childhood, the ordinary atmosphere of a landowner's outback of the 18th century. Quite early, the influences of the state school joined the home and village influences. And the Kazan gymnasium, where A. entered in his tenth year, and the new teacher, the stern and intelligent Kartashevsky, and his comrades, and new interests - all this came together into a whole world that had a beneficial effect on a soul open to impressions. The gymnasium was above the usual level; even according to the founders' plan, it should have been something more complete - something like a lyceum. A. spent only three and a half years at the gymnasium, the end of which was marked by new literary interests. It was, first of all, the theater, which always occupied A., especially in the first half of his literary activity, and with which his friend, Alexander Panaev, “a hunter of Russian literature”, “an adorer”, publisher of the handwritten magazine “Arcadian Shepherds” brought him closer together. ”, in which A., however, did not dare to take part, writing in secret. More than a year later - at the university - A. himself published a magazine together with I. Panaev.

He stayed at the university, also continuing to take lessons at the gymnasium, until he was 15 1/2 years old, but these one and a half years meant a lot in his development. It’s hard to even say what played a big role here: collecting butterflies or a friendly magazine, a passion for theater or literary disputes. Actually, he took little “scientific information” - as he himself complains - from the university: however, something was floating in the air of the classrooms, something infected with the idealism of inquisitiveness and knowledge. The French lectures of the naturalist Fuchs undoubtedly played a very important role in strengthening A.’s innate powers of observation, which later gave I.S. the right to place him in certain respects above Buffon. Here he comprehended his love for nature, and here he consolidated his love for literature. Among the Kazan high school students who ardently but superficially admired Karamzin, one A. turned out, after some hesitation, to be a convinced supporter of Shishkov. There were performances at the university. A. quickly rose to prominence among the young performers; resounding success accompanied his performances and inspired him; he was even the leader of an amateur club. The repertoire was quite progressive for its time: not only “kotsebyatina”, but also excerpts from Schiller’s “The Robbers”. The aspiring artist found a high model in the actor and playwright Plavilshchikov, whose Kazan tour was accompanied by the delight of very young students. Having received a certificate from the university “with a prescription of such sciences that he knew only by hearsay and which had not yet been taught at the university,” A. spent a year in the village and in Moscow, and then moved with his family to St. Petersburg. Kartashevsky has already prepared for his pet the position of translator in the commission for drafting laws, where he himself was an assistant editor.

In St. Petersburg, A.'s first rapprochement with literary figures took place - as one might expect, not those who were representatives of progressive movements in literature. He became close to the artist Shusherin, visited Admiral Shishkov, met many actors and writers, was even more ardently interested in the theater, talked a lot about literature, but it is not clear from anything that any searches in one or another area occupied him . ABOUT political thought and there is nothing to say; she passed by him, and he completely agreed with Shishkov’s tastes. Prince Shikhmatov seemed to him a great poet. Derzhavin and Dmitriev, gr. Khvostov, Prince Shakhovskoy and others, who later compiled the conservative “Conversation of the Russian Word”; the literary authority of the old men was unshakable. In their high style, A. translated Sophocles’ “Philoctetes” - of course, from La Harpe’s French translation - and Moliere’s “School for Husbands”, and, according to the author’s later admission, this “comedy was partly adapted to Russian morals, according to the barbaric custom that existed at that time.” During these years, A. lived sometimes in St. Petersburg, sometimes in Moscow, sometimes in the village. After his marriage (1816) to Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina, A. tried to settle in the village.

He lived with his parents for five years, but in 1820 he was singled out, receiving as his patrimony the same Nadezhdino (Orenburg province), which was once the field of atrocities of the Kuroedov he depicted, and, having moved to Moscow for a year, he lived in a wide, open house. The old ones have resumed literary connections, new ones have started. A. entered the writer's room and literary life Moscow and published his translation of the tenth statera of Boileau (Moscow, 1821). But open life in Moscow was unaffordable. After spending a year in Moscow, A. moved, for the sake of economy, to the Orenburg province and lived in the village until the fall of 1826. Here A. wrote a completely insignificant quatrain, published in “Bulletin of Europe” (1825, No. 4, “Epigram”), directed against some “magazine Don Quixote” - perhaps N. Polevoy - and the idyll “Fisherman’s Woe” ” (“Moscow Bulletin”, 1829, No. 1) - as if a poetic preview of the future “Notes on fishing”, in a false-classical manner, but with lively colorful details. During this time, two critical articles by A. were also published in “Bulletin of Europe” (1825): “On the translation of “Phaedra” (Lobanov) and “Thoughts and remarks about theater and theatrical art.”

In August 1826, A. parted with the village - and forever. He visited here on visits, lived for a long time in the Moscow region, but in essence remained a resident of the capital until his death. In Moscow, he met with his old patron Shishkov, now the Minister of Public Education, and easily received from him the position of censor. They speak differently about A.’s censorship activities; There are indications worthy of faith and not entirely favorable. But in general he was gentle; His nature could not stand formalism. Closeness with Pogodin expanded his circle of literary acquaintances. His “new and devoted friends” were Yuri Venelin, professors P.S. Shchepkin, M.G. Pavlov, then N.I. Nadezhdin. Theater connections have also been renewed; M.S. was a frequent guest. Shchepkin; Mochalov and others were there. In 1832, A. had to change his service; he was dismissed from the post of censor for what he omitted in I.V.’s magazine. Kireevsky “European” article “The Nineteenth Century”. With A.'s connections, it was not difficult for him to find a job, and the next year he received the position of inspector of the land surveying school, and then, when it was transformed into the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he was appointed its first director and organizer. In 1839, A., now provided with a large fortune, which he inherited after the death of his father, left the service and, after some hesitation, never returned to it. He wrote little during this time, and what he wrote was very insignificant: a number of theater reviews in the “Dramatic Additions” to the “Moscow Bulletin” and in “Galatea” (1828 - 1830) and several small articles.

His translation of Molière’s “The Miser” was performed at the Moscow theater during Shchepkin’s benefit performance. In 1830, his story “Recommendation of the Minister” was published in “Moskovsky Vestnik” (without signature). Finally, in 1834, his essay “Buran” appeared in the almanac “Dennitsa,” also without a signature. This is the first work that speaks of the present A. “Buran” is the first messenger that the proper environment was being created, that the impressionable A. was succumbing to new influences, higher, more fruitful. They did not come from above, from literary celebrities, or from outside, but from below, from young people, from within, from the bowels of the Aksakov family. A.'s sons grew up, not much like him in temperament, mental make-up, thirst for knowledge, desire for social influence, and ideological interests. Friendship with his sons undoubtedly played a role in the development of A.’s literary personality. For the first time, the thought of mature A., conservative not only in ideas, but mainly in general disposition, met with the boiling of young minds; for the first time he saw before him that creativity of life, that struggle for a worldview, with which neither Kartashevsky’s dogmas, nor university impressions, nor Shishkov’s teachings, nor Pisarev’s vaudevilles had introduced him. Of course, a forty-year-old man, settled and not seeking by nature, could not be reborn from this; But we're talking about only about the influence that the ardent youth close to his son, with its high intellectual demands, with its extreme seriousness, with its new literary tastes, should have had on A.

The most characteristic manifestation of these tastes was the attitude of the new generation towards. A. was observant even in his early youth, but all the time he wrote the most insignificant poems and articles, because not only in the works of the “high style”, in the direction of Derzhavin, Ozerov, Shishkov, but in the more realistic, sentimental story of Karamzin, subtle observation and sober truthfulness A. could not find a use. He was born a little premature. His talent was created for new forms of literary creativity, but it was not in his power to create these forms. And when he found them - perhaps not only in Gogol, but also in "" and "Belkin's Tales" - he was able to take advantage of the wealth of expression that they provided to his natural observation. It was not the man A. who was reborn, but a writer born in him. This was in the mid-thirties, and since then A.’s work has developed smoothly and fruitfully. Following “Buran”, “Family Chronicle” was started. Already in these years, a certain popularity surrounded A. His name enjoyed authority.

The Academy of Sciences elected him more than once as a reviewer when awarding awards. He was considered a man of advice and reason; the liveliness of his mind, supported by his closeness with youth, gave him the opportunity to move forward, if not in the socio-political or moral-religious worldview, the foundations of which, learned in childhood, he always remained faithful, then in the concrete manifestations of these common principles. He was tolerant and sensitive. Not only not being a scientist, but also not having sufficient education, alien to science, he, nevertheless, was some kind of moral authority for his friends, many of whom were famous scientists. Old age was approaching, blooming, calm, creative. A.'s sweet oral stories prompted his listeners to strive to have them recorded. But, temporarily leaving the “Family Chronicle”, he turned to natural science and hunting memories, and his “Notes on Angling Fish” (Moscow, 1847) was his first broad literary success. The author did not expect him, and did not want to especially appreciate him: he simply “went away” into his notes for himself. And he had something to “get away from” during these years, if not from grief, then simply from the mass of events that captured him, from the mass of facts of personal and social life. The ideological struggle that gripped everyone reached extreme tension, and the rapidly aging A. could not survive its vicissitudes.

He was sick, his eyesight was weakening - and in the village of Abramtsevo near Moscow, fishing on the idyllic Vora, he willingly forgot about all the issues of the day. “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” was published in 1852 and aroused even more enthusiastic reviews than “Fish Fishing.” Among these reviews, the most interesting is the famous article by I.S. Turgenev. Along with hunting memories and characteristics, stories about his childhood and his immediate ancestors were brewing in the author’s thoughts. Soon after the release of “Notes of a Gun Hunter,” new excerpts from the “Family Chronicle” began to appear in magazines, and in 1856 it was published as a separate book... Everyone was in a hurry to vie with each other to pay tribute to the talent of the venerable memoirist, and this noisy unanimity of criticism was only an echo of the enormous success of the book in society. Everyone noted the truthfulness of the story, the ability to combine historical truth with artistic treatment. Joy literary success softened for A. the hardships of these last years.

The family's material well-being has been shaken; A.'s health was getting worse. He was almost blind - and with stories and dictation of memories he filled the time that not so long ago he devoted to fishing, hunting and active communication with nature. A number of works marked these last years of his life. First of all, “Family Chronicle” received its continuation in “The Childhood Years of Bagrov’s Grandson.” “Childhood Years” (published separately in 1858) is uneven, less finished and less compressed than “Family Chronicle”. Some passages belong to the best that A. gave, but here there is neither the width of the picture nor the depth of the image that gives such significance to the limited world of the “Family Chronicle”. And the critics reacted to “Childhood Years” without the former enthusiasm. A long series of minor literary works moved forward in parallel with A.'s family memories. In part, such as, for example, “Notes and observations of a mushroom hunter,” they are adjacent to his natural science observations, but in a significant part they continue his autobiography.

His “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs,” included in “ Various essays” (M., 1858), are full of interesting small information and facts, but are infinitely far in meaning from A.’s stories about his childhood. It has a deeper meaning and could have had even greater significance if “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol” had been completed, showing that the petty nature of A.’s literary and theatrical memories in no way signifies an senile decline in his talent. These last works were written in the intervals of a serious illness, from which A. died on April 30, 1859 in Moscow. It was rightly said about A. that he grew all his life, grew with his time, and that his literary biography is, as it were, the embodiment of the history of Russian literature during his activity.

He was not independent and could not create forms suitable to his simple nature, his infinite truthfulness; a conservative not in convictions, not in ideas, but in feelings, in the entire make-up of his being; he worshiped the recognized traditional forms of high style - and for a long time could not express himself in a worthy way. But when new forms of real storytelling were not only created, but also rehabilitated, when “ ” and “ ” introduced into the general consciousness that a simple truthful story is not inferior to high literature, that the spiritual content, hitherto cut off from it by literary convention, has others, forms that were more modest in appearance and more vital in essence, A. honestly cast into these forms what, without them, should have remained a formless mass of oral stories and memories. Russian literature honors in him the best of its memoirists, an irreplaceable cultural writer-historian of everyday life, an excellent landscape painter and observer of natural life, and finally, a classic of language.

14 interesting quotes from Aksakov’s work

Russian writer. Father of I. S. and K. S. Aksakov. Author autobiographical stories“The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” and “Family Chronicles”; essays, notes about literature and theater; memoirs, including “Literary and Theatrical Memoirs”, “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol”, as well as articles about hunting, the book “Notes on Fishing”, fairy tales “”.

1. Enthusiasm always makes an unpleasant impression on quiet, meek and calm people; they cannot recognize such a state of mind as natural.
2. Children are unusually memorable, and often a carelessly spoken word in front of them serves as encouragement for them to do things that they would not have done if they had not heard this encouraging word.
3. The road is an amazing thing! Its power is irresistible, calming and healing. Suddenly tearing a person away from environment, no matter whether it is pleasant or even unpleasant to him, from the constantly entertaining, constantly flowing diverse reality that constantly entertains him, she focuses his thoughts and feelings in the cramped world of the road carriage, directs his attention first to himself, then to the memory of the past and, finally, for dreams and hopes - in the future; and all this is done with clarity and calm, without any fuss or haste.
4. Life, of course, will explain everything, and learning about a mistake is often very funny, but sometimes it can be very upsetting.
5. <…>experience all the limitlessness, all the passion, all the power mother's love, which, of course, no other feeling can equal.
6. On a green, blooming shore, over the dark depths of a river or lake... imaginary passions will subside, imaginary storms will subside, proud dreams will crumble into dust, scatter unrealistic hopes! Nature will enter into its eternal rights, you will hear its voice, drowned out for a while by vanity, trouble, laughter, screaming and all the vulgarity of human speech!
7. Don't let your soul forget
8. What power was boiling in my youth...
9. No one escapes from the Fatherland with impunity.
10. The very severity of the prohibition incites curiosity.
11. Old wineskins cannot stand new wine, and an old heart cannot stand young feelings.
12. Fear is the most dangerous feeling for love, even for father and mother
13. Having heard or seen something new and interesting, you will want to hear and see a continuation.
14. The wonderful healing effect of the road is beyond doubt.