Municipal treasury educational institution"Stanovskaya average comprehensive school»

Project work on the topic of: "Russian nature in paintings by Russian artists »

Performed: Grigoryan Zhanetta,

Supervisor:

Artsybasheva Natalya Nikolaevna,

art teacher

With. Stanovoe, 2016

Seasons in painting are a special theme in the landscapes of nature paintings by Russian artists, because nothing touches as sensitively as the change in the appearance of nature according to the seasons. Along with the season, the mood of nature changes, which the artist’s brushes convey with ease in paintings.

Objective of the project . Get acquainted with landscape paintings of Russian artists, thereby promoting emotional and aesthetic development, to cultivate a kind and caring attitude towards nature, its beauty, to encourage a warm feeling of love for one’s land. Bring yourself and those around you joy and inspiration for creativity.

Integration : reading fiction, cognition.

Project objectives :

1. Learn more about landscape painting.

2. Learn to use the acquired knowledge in your own creativity, creating an expressive landscape using appropriate visual materials.

3. Learn to see, understand and respond emotionally to what you see.

4. Cultivate a sensitive and competent viewer.

5. Learn to express your attitude towards what a person builds, decorates and depicts.

6. Develop Creative skills, aesthetic taste.

7. Ensure family participation in the educational development of interest in artistic arts.

Expected result:

Knowledge of artists' creativity

Be able to express your attitude towards what a person builds, decorates and depicts,

Develop a sensitive and competent viewer.

Project participants : Supervisor extracurricular activities « Young artist"; 5th grade student; parents.

Equipment and materials: computer, projector, presentation on the topic, works on the topics, examples of arts and crafts.

Preliminary work:

Examination of paintings, illustrations and photographs on the topic;

Reading and memorizing the necessary artistic material;

Observation;

Visiting the library;

Own works.

Working with parents : reading books at home.

SLIDE 1

“Looking at the beautiful and hearing about the beautiful, a person improves,” - this is what the ancient Greeks said. Therefore, we must surround ourselves with beauty - everything beautiful we can! Nature can give us everything we need. How many wonderful sensations and impressions you can get from communicating with nature! How many colors, shapes, sounds, transformations you can see and hear in it!

A child artist observes nature and expresses his vision of what happens in it through creativity. The teacher helps the child “open his eyes” to the world he sees.

Nature can act as an Artist or a beautiful Sorceress who creates visible world according to the laws of beauty and harmony.

An artistic landscape reveals the poetry of nature, teaches us to see its beauty, and enriches our ideas.

SLIDE 2

The nature of Russia is diverse and unique. Wonderful Russian poets sang its beauty in their poems: Zhukovsky V.A., Pushkin A.S., Tyutchev F.I., Fet A.A., Nekrasov N.A., Nikitin I.S. and others. And then we saw Russian nature in the paintings of landscape artists: I. Shishkin, A. Kuindzhi, I. Ostroukhov, I. Levitan, V. Polenov, G. Myasoedov, A. Gerasimov, A. Savrasov, V. Nikonov and many others painters.

SLIDE 3

And so, the theme of the project is “Russian nature in the paintings of Russian artists.”

SLIDE 4

Nature -

… Not a cast, not a soulless face -

She has a soul, she has freedom,

It has love, it has language...

(“Not what you think, nature...” , F.I. Tyutchev)

SLIDE 5

But the pictures of nature (photographs) of my native land. The different seasons are represented here.

SLIDE 6

Four artists

So many paintings.

Painted it with white paint

All one.

The forest and field are white,

White meadows.

Near the snow-covered aspens

Branches like horns.

SLIDE 7

Korovin K. A. Winter 1894

SLIDE 8

Kustodiev B. M. Winter. 1916

SLIDE 9

Surikov V. I. Capture of the snowy town 1891

SLIDE 10

A. Plastov “First Snow” 1946

Arkady Plastov is a Russian painter who lived in Soviet time. He was born in a village and most of all he loved to paint the village, village life and peasants. He liked bright, exciting colors. But Plastov’s painting “First Snow” is quite monotonous and dull in terms of color, its main colors are white and gray-brown. But this does not make the picture boring. On the contrary, it is “warm”, despite the fact that it depicts winter.

SLIDE 11

I.E. Grabar "Winter morning"

The artist Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar loved winter and snow very much. In their depiction he found incredible opportunities for the artist. At first glance, everything in winter should be boring, because a white blanket has completely covered the entire earth. But Grabar’s paintings prove the opposite - you need a huge number of different tones to paint just white snow. Blue is especially good for this. Here is the painting "Winter Morning". Bright blue-blue, azure prevails here. The whole picture is striking in its pure blue. Snow and frost appear so blue in the bright sun on a frosty day. The eyes are dazzled by this flawless blue.

SLIDE 12

Shishkin I. I. In the wild north

It's lonely in the wild north
There is a pine tree on the bare top.
And dozes, swaying, and snow falls
She is dressed like a robe.
And she dreams of everything in the distant desert,
In the region where the sun rises,
Alone and sad on a flammable cliff
A beautiful palm tree is growing. (M.Yu. Lermontov)

SLIDE 13

Winter patterns also remind us of the works of Gzhel craftsmen.

Famous Russian fishery. Ceramic products (dishes).

SLIDE 14

U second– blue

Sky and streams.

Splashing in blue puddles

A flock of sparrows.

Transparent in the snow

Ice lace.

The first thawed patches,

First grass.

SLIDE 15

Here is a painting by Kuindzhi A.I. Early spring. 1890-1895

SLIDE 16

Levitan I.I. In the beginning of March

SLIDE 17

Baksheev V. N. Blue Spring

The artist Vasily Baksheev is a continuator of the traditions of Russian landscape painters - Savrasov, Grabar, Levitan also painted paintings depicting the forest at different times of the year.

And what kind of Russian landscape could there be without the dear birch tree? The painting depicts a forest in the middle of spring, when the leaves have not yet appeared on the trees, but the air is already full of warmth and the rich smells of awakening nature. You can just feel the mushroom aroma of last year’s wet leaves, the gentle and pungent spirit from old and young grass, bursting buds.

SLIDE 18

Savrasov A.K. The Rooks Have Arrived. 1871

The painting by the Itinerant artist Alexei Savrasov has become one of the key paintings in Russian painting. This picture is a quiet hymn to Russian nature, to spring, which is just beginning, spring mood which is just awakening in us. This picture speaks of spring not directly, but with a hint, a feeling that spring began literally at this moment when we looked at the picture. This happens when a person who has worn a warm jacket for a long time during cold winter, suddenly one day he went out into the street in it and remarked: “Stop, but warm clothes are no longer needed, spring has begun and now it will be warmer every day.”

SLIDE 19

Ostroukhov I. S. “Early Spring”

Spring, spring! How clean the air is!

How clear is the sky.

Its azuria alive

He blinds my eyes.

Spring, spring! How high

On the wings of the breeze,

Caressing to sun rays,

Clouds are flying.

SLIDE 20

Well, it seems to me that the riot of spring blossoms is associated with Gorodets painting.

Gorodets painting is one of the most famous artistic crafts in Russia, the brightest phenomenon of the so-called “naive” art. Wooden crafts.

SLIDE 21

On the picture third

There are so many colors to count:

Yellow, green,

There is a blue one...

Forest and field in greenery,

Blue River.

White, fluffy

There are clouds in the sky.

SLIDE 22

I. I. Shishkin “Oak Grove”

It is impossible to count how many wonderful works - songs, stories, poems - have been written about love for the Motherland. The work of the greatest Russian artist, I.I., is also devoted to this topic. Shishkin, who raised landscape painting to unattainable heights. Each of his canvases tells the viewer how beautiful, wide and expansive his native country is, and although the meadows and fields, forest edges and copses depicted in the paintings do not amaze us with the enchanting rainbow of colors of distant exotic countries, they are a hundred times dearer to our hearts, because the Motherland - this is the most precious thing a person has, because here is our home, our closest people, here we take root, love, rejoice and grieve.

Everyone knows that oak trees live a long time, being silent witnesses to the change of centuries and generations. However, you shouldn’t look for that same group of giant oak trees that are depicted in I. I. Shishkin’s painting “Oak Grove” - you won’t find them, because it’s more likely collective image, created bit by bit based on many years of painstaking work with sketches.

SLIDE 23

Isaac Levitan " Birch Grove»

The artist Isaac Levitan loved to depict Russian nature. She happens to be main theme many of his paintings. "Birch Grove" is one of best works this great painter.
Levitan used rich colors to emphasize beauty deciduous forest, the splendor of a carpet of herbs and flowers. “Birch Grove” is a hymn to summer, bright sun and Russian birch. The artist did not depict the sky, but there is no doubt that it is blue, and white clouds float across it. Looking at the picture, I want to rejoice in the warmth summer day, sunlight, transparent forest air.

SLIDE 24

And this is how A.I. Kuindzhi depicted a birch grove in his own way.

Not a single painting brought him as much fame as the painting “Birch Grove,” painted in 1879. This painting shocked the audience so much and the artist himself was so proud of it that he subsequently created several versions of the same painting. Much has been written similar works about this theme. Birches became Arkhip Ivanovich’s favorite tree.

SLIDE 25

I. I. Shishkin “Rye”

Cherries and plums have browned,

The golden rye has poured,

And, like the sea, the cornfield is agitated,

And you can’t walk in the grass in the meadows.

The sun walks high above the vault

The skies are hot from the heat,

Linden smells like honey,

And the forest full of darkness rustles. N. Grekov

SLIDE 26

I suggest Dymkovo painting for the summer, if only because this painting has the richest color range.

Dymkovo toys are small figures sculpted from clay and painted with bright colors. Distinctive feature Dymkovo toys are its shape and painting style.

SLIDE 27

A fourth gold

Painted the gardens

The fields are productive,

Ripe fruits...

Berries beads everywhere

They ripen through the forests.

Who are those artists?

Guess yourself!

SLIDE 28

Ilya Ostroukhov " Golden autumn"

The artist Ilya Ostroukhov is known as an outstanding master of landscape. He was one of the Russian Itinerant artists; in 1887, at a general exhibition, he first showed the painting that brought him fame. It was "Golden Autumn", a rather small canvas.

When the word "golden" is in the name, it says a lot. Gold is wealth, brilliance, beauty, decorativeness, splendor. This is exactly how autumn appears in Ostroukhov’s painting, rich and magnificent. It's about this time great poet Pushkin wrote: “The charm of the eyes!”

SLIDE 29

But Golden Autumn in Polenov’s painting.

SLIDE 30

I. Levitan “Autumn day. Sokolniki"

Asters are falling in the gardens,

The slender maple under the window turns yellow,

And cold fog in the fields

It stays white all day long.

I. A. Bunin.

SLIDE 31

Well, what kind of craft do you think can be selected for the “Autumn” sector?

Golden Khokhloma. A special feature of Khokhloma craft is the production of gilded wooden utensils without the use of precious metal and a unique herbal painting.

SLIDE 32

Landscape painting is one of the most lyrical and emotional genres of fine art; it is the highest level of artistic exploration of nature, inspired and imaginatively recreating its beauty. Getting to know this genre promotes emotional and aesthetic development, fosters a kind and caring attitude, a warm feeling of love for one’s land, native land. Artistic landscape helps to develop aesthetic taste, figurative and associative thinking, imagination, introspection. Landscape painting can not only bring joy, but also inspire creativity.

Children and artists know that the best portrait of nature can only be created in co-creation with it.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Levzhenskaya secondary school"

Ruzaevsky municipal district

PROJECT

in fine arts

“The beauty of nature in the paintings of Russian artists”

Class: 4

Full name of the head: Ruzmanova I.Yu.,

GPD teacher

Levzha, 2018

I . Introduction.

Nature in folk culture inseparable from man; his thoughts, feelings, life. The Russian artistic tradition has left us the names of many poets, writers, artists, musicians who touched on the theme of nature in their work.

Nature is our habitat. How can one live without the noise of foliage illuminated by sunlight or watered by cool rain? How can you live without the smell of flowers, grass, black soil? How can you live without seeing the sparkle of snowflakes? moonlight and scarlet bunches of rowan against the backdrop of a dazzling white distance? Or without the delightful thrill of the soul only the first spring rays of the sun?!Our homeland has countless natural resources, it has greatness before man: its amazing beauty, which takes your breath away, menacing winter storms, deep rivers, high rocks, a variety of animals inhabiting Russia. It's all nature. All this is inspiration. Nature is a real temple of beauty, and it is no coincidence that all poets, artists, and musicians drew their ideas from observing them in the natural environment.

Inspiration is what is needed to create a work of art in music, painting or literature. Nature gives it to man in full. And in Russia she is very rich. Our country is especially beautiful. There is cold and heat, and hopeless forests, and desert plains, and majestic mountains, even the deepest lake in the world, Lake Baikal. Just the sight of a birch grove begins to shed tears of happiness and enlightenment!

Also, now in our country the topic of nature conservation is very relevant. People are often indifferent to this, but this is not right. Do we really have the right to destroy and spoil what has been given to us? Think about it! Let's take care of our priceless nature and admire it, the way great people of art did!

The purpose of my work :

1. Draw the attention of my peers to the topic native nature in art;

Tasks:

Get acquainted with the work of Russian artists who embodied images of nature in their work;

Reveal a sense of patriotism through images of nature in art;

Fostering patriotism for the surrounding reality and caring attitude towards our native nature.

II . Main part

Let's look at artists' works about different seasons to understand what feelings they experience at each time and how they express them in their works. Seasons in painting are a special theme in the landscapes of nature paintings by Russian artists, because nothing touches as sensitively as the change in the appearance of nature according to the seasons. Along with the season, the mood of nature changes, which the artist’s brushes convey with ease in paintings.

1. “Frost and sun... Wonderful day”

Winter! Our homeland is famous for its Russian winters. This is the unique beauty of Russian forests and fields under a white blanket of snow. These are bullfinch birds with bright breasts sitting on bunches of rowan berries. At this time, it seems as if all nature freezes, and the usual sounds of the city subside until spring, as in the painting by A.M. Vasnetsov "Winter Dream".

Winter in the paintings of Russian artists is a fabulous time of serene splendor, when nature sleeps and rests, hidden under a snow-white blanket, landscapes of the Russian winter are amazing in beauty and reveal the true winter nature.

I.E. Grabar " February blue»

V.G. Tsyplakov “Frost and Sun”

S.Yu. Zhukovsky "Winter"

Winter is loved in Russia, but despite this, we usually associate it with cold weather and sad thoughts.

I. Levitan “Winter in the Forest”

2. How bright, how elegant spring is!

Ah spring! Time for love, bloom, happiness! IN clear air The delightful smells of approaching warmth and sun are in the air. At this time of year, all nature comes to life, waking up after winter sleep. And how beautiful it is to wake up! Everywhere there are sounds of streams, birds singing, snow is melting, and spring rays are shining on the water.

A. Gritsai “April in the forest”

One of the founders of the Russian landscape school, Alexey Kondratievich Savrasov, was very sensitive to spring.

A.K. Savrasov “The rooks have arrived”

He has a lot of paintings depicting this time of year. Levitan, Savrasov’s favorite student, notes: “With Savrasov, lyricism appeared in landscape painting and boundless love for his native land.” When K. Paustovsky came one spring to the workshop of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, Savrasov shouted to the students: “Drive the sun onto the canvas! We missed the spring warmth! The snow melted and ran down the ravines cold water– why didn’t I see this in your sketches? The linden trees were blooming, the rains were as if not water, but silver was pouring from the sky - where is all this on your canvases? Shame and nonsense! Also, Savrasov’s contemporaries preserved his words that without air there is no landscape: “...No matter how many birches and spruce trees you plant, no matter what you come up with, if you don’t write air... the landscape is rubbish.”

I. Levitan “Spring. Big water"

I. Levitan “March”

Spring in the paintings of Russian artists conceals the tenderness of nature awakening from winter sleep in the bright colors of the sun, reflected in the brilliance of melting March snow, in the rich colors of grass, leaves and flowering spring landscapes stretching towards the sun.

I. S. Ostroukhov “The First Greens”

I. Levitan “Apple trees are blooming”

3. “Summer is a sea of ​​sun, light and warmth. It's time for joy"

Everyone loves summer! How can one not love green forests and fertile fields, warm rivers where, with the arrival of summer, people like to swim, the constant light of the sun floating in the petals of fragrant flowers.

A.A. Plastov "Senokos"

A.A. Rylov “Field Rowan”

Summer in the paintings of Russian artists is imbued with the harmony of warmth and fragrance of greenery, sometimes slightly tired by the sultry heat, sometimes saturated with refreshing moisture after a warm summer rain in the colors of the splendor of nature in Russian landscapes.

I. Levitan “Birch Grove”

I.I. Shishkin "Oak Grove"

I.I. Shishkin “Pines illuminated by the sun”

F. Vasiliev “Wet meadow”

4. “The golden foliage began to spin…”

Autumn in the paintings of Russian artists is the brightest and most touching time, where there are red-yellow, golden and warm colors of the beautiful Indian summer, and where there is a rainy and touching landscape of truly Russian nature in all its beauty of autumn splendor. The painting “Golden Autumn” by Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov fits this vision of autumn.

This is an outstanding Russian artist who left a significant mark on the development of the Russian landscape school. The painting depicts an autumn forest and a lake, which reflects the redness of the trees. This is a captivating landscape, truly “forests dressed in crimson and gold.” Here is exactly that “rare ray of sun” depicted, and in its light the foliage of the birches becomes even brighter, more dazzling.

I. Levitan “Golden Autumn”

HER. Volkov “Golden Autumn. Quiet river"

In autumn we say goodbye to summer fun, warmth, and prepare for winter. This, of course, leads to sad thoughts. Autumn colors are full of longing for the departed warmth. The paintings take on gray, rainy, cold colors.

I. Levitan “Autumn”

I. Levitan “Autumn. Road in the village"

III . Conclusion.

So, we enjoyed the landscapes of Russian artists. All this could not help but affect our thoughts about the captivating beauty and soul of the nature of our native lands. We must not forget what surrounds us every second, what gives us life and even more - happiness. Stop at least for a moment, take a look at what you usually don’t attach much importance to and pass by, rushing about your everyday affairs! Take a look and you will forget about the bustle, about the problems that torment your soul, and even about pain. Immerse yourself in another world, where there are no usual worries, but only birdsong, azure skies, enchanting smells and heavenly views of nature. And, of course, we should be proud of the nature of Russia, because no one else has such diversity and space. Love your homeland, preserve and respect its nature!

IV . Used Books .

1. R.V. Garayeva. "About works of painting." Educational publication, Moscow, 1975.

The page presents the most famous paintings Russian artists of the 19th century with names and descriptions

The diverse painting of Russian artists since the beginning of the 19th century has attracted attention in the domestic world with its originality and versatility. fine arts. The masters of painting of that time never ceased to amaze with their unique approach to the subject and their reverent attitude towards the feelings of people and their native nature. In the 19th century, portrait compositions with an amazing combination of an emotional image and an epically calm motif were often painted.

The paintings of Russian artists are magnificent in skill and truly beautiful in perception, amazingly accurately reflecting the breath of their time, the unique character of the people and their desire for beauty.

Canvases of Russian painters who are the most popular: Alexander Ivanov - bright representative picturesque biblical direction, telling us in colors about episodes of the life of Jesus Christ.

Karl Bryullov - a painter popular in his time, his direction history painting, portrait themes, romantic works.

Marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky, his paintings perfectly and one might say simply unsurpassedly reflect the beauty of the sea with transparent rolling waves, sea sunsets and sailboats.

The works of the famous Ilya Repin, who created genre and monumental works, reflecting the life of the people.

Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized the episodes in colors life path Russian people.

Each artist is unique, for example, the painterly master of fairy tales and epics, Viktor Vasnetsov, unique in his style - these are always rich and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are all of us famous heroes folk tales.

Each artist is unique, for example, the painterly master of fairy tales and epics, Viktor Vasnetsov, unique in his style - these are always rich and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are the heroes of folk tales known to us all. The artist Vasily Surikov’s paintings are very picturesque and large-scale, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized in paint the episodes of the life path of the Russian people.

In Russian painting of the 19th century, such a movement as critical realism appeared, emphasizing ridicule, satire and humor in the plots. Of course, this was a new trend, not every artist could afford it. Such artists as Pavel Fedotov and Vasily Perov decided in this direction

Landscape artists of that time also occupied their niche, among them Isaac Levitan, Alexey Savrasov, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, the young artist Fyodor Vasiliev, a picturesque master of the forest, forest glades with pine trees and birch trees with mushrooms, Ivan Shishkin. All of them colorfully and romantically reflected the beauty of Russian nature, the diversity of forms and images of which is associated with the colossal potential of the surrounding world.

According to Levitan, in every note of Russian nature there is a unique colorful palette, hence the enormous freedom for creativity. Perhaps this is the mystery that the canvases created in the vast expanses of Russia stand out with a certain refined severity, but, at the same time, attract with an understated beauty, from which it is difficult to look away. Or Levitan’s painting Dandelions, which is not at all intricate and rather not flashy, seems to encourage the viewer to think and see the beauty in the simple.

Speaking about the genre of landscape, it is impossible not to refer to the work of great landscape painters. Now it is difficult to imagine that two hundred years ago such a thing as a landscape did not yet exist. The traditions of Russian landscape painting began to take shape only at the end of the 18th century. Before this, artists painted under the influence of Italian and French masters, ennobling nature according to the academic laws of construction, which were considered mandatory in painting of that time.

A huge contribution to the development of Russian landscape was made by the Partnership of Traveling Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) under the leadership of I. N. Kramskoy. Artists sang the beauty of discreet Russian nature, simplicity rural landscapes, the vast expanses of Rus'.

The greatest masters of landscape:

• Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov (1830-1897)
• Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817–1900)

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898)

Art I.I. Shishkina is surprisingly clear and transparent. His paintings are a hymn to living nature and its beauty. He created landscape art with coniferous thickets, with vast expanse, with all the simplicity of the northern landscape.

At the age of 12, at the insistence of his father, he was assigned to the 1st Kazan Gymnasium. I never finished the full course. In 1852 he moved to Moscow and entered the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here A. N. Mokritsky became Shishkin’s mentor. After completing the course (1856), the talented student was advised to continue his education in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Arts. His training was supervised by S. M. Vorobyov.

The teachers immediately noted Shishkin’s penchant for landscape painting. Already in his first year at the academy, he was awarded a small silver medal for “View in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.” In 1858, the artist received a large silver medal for the painting “View on the Island of Valaam.”

The successes achieved allowed Shishkin to travel abroad as a scholarship holder of the academy. The journey began in Munich (1861), where Ivan Ivanovich visited the workshops of popular animal artists B. and F. Adam. In 1863, Shishkin moved to Zurich, then to Geneva, Prague, and Dusseldorf. Feeling homesick for his fatherland, he returned to St. Petersburg in 1866, before the expiration of his scholarship.

In Russia, the artist was awarded the title of academician (1865). From this time on, the most fruitful period of the painter’s work began. The paintings “Cutting Wood” (1867), “Rye” (1878), “Pine Trees Illuminated by the Sun” (1886), “Morning in pine forest"(1889; bears written by K. A. Savitsky), "Ship Grove" (1898) and many others.

Shishkin worked actively in the plein air, often undertaking travel around Russia for artistic purposes. He exhibited his works almost every year - first at the academy, and then, after the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions was established (1870), at these exhibitions.

Ivan Ilyich Levitan (1860-1900)

Born on August 30, 1860 in the Lithuanian town of Kybartai into a Jewish family. My father was a minor employee in the city government. Soon after the birth of their youngest son, the family moved to Moscow. At the age of 13, Isaac was accepted into the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, in the class of A.K. Savrasov and V.D. Polenov. From the very beginning of his studies, Levitan made a living by giving lessons and commissioned portraits. He graduated from college with flying colors, but because of his background, he was awarded a diploma as a penmanship teacher.

He painted his first major painting, “The Quiet Abode,” after a trip in 1890 to the Russian North. The canvas was purchased by P. M. Tretyakov for his gallery. In 1892, the artist was forced to leave Moscow, since Jews were not allowed to live in the capitals. He settled in a village located along the Vladimirsky tract, along which convicts were driven to Siberia. The artist captured these places in the painting “Vladimirka” (1892). In the 90s Levitan made another trip, this time along the Volga. There the painting “Fresh Wind” was born. Volga" (1891-1895). An exacerbation of tuberculosis caused the artist to leave abroad, to France, then to Italy, although the efforts of friends helped him obtain permission to live in Moscow.

Returning home, in 1898 Levitan began teaching a landscape class at the school from which he graduated. His health was deteriorating, and in 1899 the artist, at the invitation of A.P. Chekhov, left for Yalta. Having returned, he began teaching again, but his health continued to deteriorate, and on August 4, 1900, Levitan died.

The landscapes of the singer of Russian nature are not just photographic images of nature - the artist managed to convey its living breath. No wonder the critic V.V. Stasov called Levitan’s paintings emotional poems. At the same time, Levitan was not only a magnificent landscape painter. His creative heritage They also make drawings, watercolors, and book illustrations.

The city of Plyos is associated with the name of Isaac Levitan. Levitan comes to Plyos for three summers in a row, in 1888-1890. There is not a single corner or path in the vicinity of Plyos, no matter where you have been Great master. Inspired magical beauties Plyos, he paints almost 200 paintings and sketches here! Now famous paintings: “Above Eternal Peace”, “After the Rain. Plyos", "Evening. Golden Reach”, “Birch Grove” and many others have become decorations of the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum and many collections in Russia and abroad.

Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov (1844-1927)

Born on June 1, 1844 in the Borok estate (now Polenovo in the Tula region) in the family of archaeologist and bibliographer D. V. Polenov. After receiving secondary education, Vasily entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1863), and a little later began attending lectures at the Faculty of Law at the university.

In 1872, Polenov, who completed both courses with honors, was awarded a trip abroad at the expense of the academy. He visited Vienna, Venice, Florence, Naples, and lived in Paris for a long time. The visit home was short-lived; in 1876 the artist volunteered for the Serbian-Montenegrin-Turkish war.

In subsequent years, he traveled a lot in the Middle East and Greece (1881-1882, 1899, 1909), Italy (1883-1884, 1894-1895). In 1879 he joined the Society of Peredvizhniki artists. In 1882-1895. taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

In recognition of his merits, Polenov was elected a full member of the Academy of Arts in 1893. Since 1910, he was involved in the development of provincial theaters, becoming three years later the head of a special section at the Moscow Society of People's Universities.

Polenov is known as the author of works of various genres. He addressed historical and religious themes - “Christ and the Sinner” (1886-1887), “On Lake Tiberias” (1888), “Among the Teachers” (1896); in 1877 he created a series of studies of Kremlin cathedrals and palace chambers; V different time made theatrical scenery. According to his sketches, churches were built in Abramtsevo (in collaboration with V.M. Vasnetsov) and in Bekhov near Tarusa (1906). But the landscapes that brought Polenov the greatest fame were “Moscow Courtyard” (1878), “Grandmother’s Garden”, “Summer” (both 1879), “Overgrown Pond” (1880), “Golden Autumn” (1893). ), conveying the poetic charm of the corners of city life and pristine Russian nature.

The artist spent the last years of his life in the Borok estate, where he organized a museum of art and scientific collections. The museum-estate of V. D. Polenov has been operating here since 1927.

Alexey Kondratievich Savrasov (1830 - 1897)

The artist was born on May 12 (24), 1830 in Moscow, in the family of the merchant of the 3rd guild, Kondraty Artemyevich Savrasov. Contrary to the wishes of his father, who dreamed of adapting his son to “commercial affairs,” the boy entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture in 1844, where he studied in the class of landscape painter K.I. Rabus. During his studies, in 1850, he completed the painting “Stone in the Forest near the Spill,” which art critics consider somewhat awkward in composition. In the same year, for the painting “View of the Moscow Kremlin by Moonlight,” he was awarded the title of non-class artist.

Founding member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (see Peredvizhniki). IN early works S. romantic effects prevail ("View of the Kremlin in inclement weather", 1851, Tretyakov Gallery).

In the 1850-60s. Savrasov more often moves to calm, narrative images, in some cases marked by a desire for color unity of works ("Losiny Island in Sokolniki", 1869, ibid.), to enhance the emotional sound of chiaroscuro. The result of these searches was the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived” (1871, ibid.), where Savrasov, depicting an outwardly unprepossessing motif and emphasizing the moment of transition in the life of the natural environment (the onset of early spring), managed to show the deep intimacy of his native nature. Savrasov’s subsequent works are also distinguished by their lyrical spontaneity and interest in the plein air (Country Road, 1873; Courtyard, 1870s; Grave over the Volga, 1874, private collection, Moscow).

Alexey Savrasov, one of the largest representatives of the lyrical movement in Russian landscape, had a huge influence on Russian landscape painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

A.K. passed away Savrasov September 26, 1897, buried in Moscow, at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. The alley where he is buried bears his name. His favorite student was Isaac Levitan

Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (1841-1910)

Born in January 1841 in Mariupol in the family of a shoemaker of Greek origin. Having been orphaned, he was raised in a family of relatives. He started drawing early and mastered painting mostly on his own.

In 1855, he went on foot to Feodosia to study with I.K. Aivazovsky. The influence of the famous marine painter on young Kuindzhi was undoubtedly. At the end of the 60s. Kuindzhi arrived in St. Petersburg. The artist presented his first works in 1868 at an exhibition at the Academy of Arts and soon firmly established himself as a master of landscape: “Autumn thaw” (1872); "The Forgotten Village" (1874); “Chumatsky tract in Mariupol” (1875), etc.

In 1870 he first visited the island of Valaam, where he subsequently painted a lot. As contemporaries believed, it was the landscapes created there that attracted the attention of viewers.

The painting “Ukrainian Night” (1876) simply stunned the public and determined the author’s special path in art. With her, Kuindzhi began his “pursuit of light” - he sought to achieve the complete illusion of natural lighting. IN highest degree this was manifested in the painting “Night on the Dnieper” (1880) with a sparkling moonlit path in velvet darkness.

The painter revealed the possibilities of the landscape in a new way, transforming, purifying and elevating reality. He achieved extraordinary intensity and brightness of colors, new color solutions. He is characterized by numerous “sunny” paintings and sketches (including “Birch Grove”, 1879).

The intense contrast of rich tones, lighting effects - all this was unusual for 19th century painting. phenomenon. Misunderstanding among his colleagues forced Kuindzhi to refuse to participate in exhibitions at the moment of his greatest success. The last time he exhibited his work was in 1882.

The artist lived as a hermit in Crimea, where he created a series of large canvases and hundreds of sketches, continuing to experiment with paints and color. Among Kuindzhi’s later works are his only narrative painting, “Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane” (1901) and “Night” (1905-1908), breathing extraordinary harmony.

In 1909, Arkhip Ivanovich founded the Society of Artists (which later received his name), which provided support to people of art. The painter bequeathed his entire fortune and the works in his studio to this Society.

Nature landscapes in the paintings of Russian artists they convey that thin invisible line that separates man from nature. Nature in painting reflects the world in which it is not man who dominates nature, but nature who dominates him. A world where colors heighten feelings of unity with nature.
(In the announcement: painting by Krymov N.P. "After the Spring Rain")

Seasons in painting are a special theme in the landscapes of nature paintings by Russian artists, because nothing touches as sensitively as the change in the appearance of nature according to the seasons. Along with the season, the mood of nature changes, which the artist’s brushes convey with ease in paintings.

Meet the most famous works great Russian artists:

Presentation: nature in paintings by Russian artists

Pictures of spring

Bright and ringing, with the murmur of streams and the singing of arriving birds, spring awakens nature in the paintings of A. Savrasov, Konchalovsky, Levitan, Yuon, S. A. Vinogradov, A. G. Venetsianov, Ostroukhov.
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Summer pictures

Blooming gardens, warm showers and hot sun, summer is so slowly fragrant with scents in rich colors in the paintings of I. Levitan, Plastov, Polenov, Vasiliev, Gerasimov, Shishkin.
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Pictures of autumn

With a round dance of leaves of various shades, driven by a cool wind with drops of rain, autumn spins in a waltz in the paintings of Levitan, Polenov, Gerasimov, Brodsky, Zhukovsky.
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Pictures of winter

Having been shackled, covering the tired earth with a blanket of snow, the blizzard hums a lullaby, carefully protecting the sleep of nature, winter in the paintings of Plastov, Krymov, Levitan, Nissky, I. E. Grabar, Yuon, Shishkin, Kustodiev.
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In the description of pictures of nature famous artists You can find a reflection of the subtlety and beauty of the landscape of Russian nature at certain times of the year. It is unlikely that the artist, like nature, has the best time of year for perceiving nature on canvas, although certainly favorite time Everyone has a year.