Deciduous forests can consist of just one species of deciduous trees -   birch groves, aspen forests, oak forests - and from a mixture of rocks. Homogeneous deciduous forests are characterized by species of fungi that live in symbiosis with this tree species.

Birch forests are rich in various mushrooms.Here boletists grow abundantly, preferring bright places on the edges, clearings, along roads, on heights with thinned trees. Red marsh boletus grows in moss-covered lowlands and in sphagnum bogs covered with birch, along with bog russula. In light and dry birch groves, there is often a white sub-load, usually growing in groups, forming wide arcs - parts of huge “witch circles”.

Here you can find many varieties of russules - blue and yellow, greenish, food, beautiful, brittle - as well as pink and white waves, mushrooms, umbrellas, various types of wetlands, ryadovok and talkers. In summer in wet young birch forests, birch tree grows on birch stumps, and in autumn, in autumn, real autumn mushroom.

In the light, sparse birch forests there is a birch varietythe white fungus is a large, dense, beautiful mushroom with a brownish cap. On the live birch grows chaga, used for a long time in traditional medicine against liver diseases, various inflammations of the stomach and intestines. In the birch forests with fertile soil, walui grows abundantly. On the outskirts of the marsh overgrown with birchwood, there are floats that can be distinguished from the toadstools by the absence of a ring on the leg.

From poisonous mushrooms in birch   the red mushroom and the panthera mushroom are numerous, and the grebe is often also found pale.

AT oak woods   is growingdubovik, bruise, semi white mushroom, chestnut fungus, moss green and fissured, some varieties of russules. Oak variety of white fungus is found on the meadows and oak forest edges, usually in the old forests of park type. From lamellar mushrooms, here you can find a dark brown lung, oak oak, as well as a pepper mushroom, growing in large clusters even in very shaded places.

AT mixed forests   Hardwood species grows many species of fungi. In deciduous forests there are various types of oyster mushrooms, tinderbeds and honey agarics, pottery, russules, white fungus, half-white and chestnut mushrooms. Small-leaved forests abound with boletus, aspen mushrooms, russula and various crayfish, including real milk, yellow, black, bluish, walui, crepe and many other mushrooms.

However especially rich in variety of mushrooms   mixed deciduous coniferous forests. Depending on the composition of tree and shrub species, here you can find any mushrooms that grow in symbiosis with them. For the composition of fungi, first of all, the main tree species are important, as well as the age, density and humidity of the forest. In wet forests with a predominance of birch and aspen, with an admixture of spruce forest, we can expect aspen, boletus, black milk mushrooms and podgruzki, here also mushrooms and oyster mushrooms grow on the cuttings. In the light, grassy, ​​moderately wet birch-aspen forests with fertile soil, valui and russines grow well. In the dry pine-birch forests, white, boletus, brown cap boletus, small mlechniki, russula, green currant fishes and parshes grow on the hillside. In spring, morels and morel hats appear in such forests on light, thinned places, especially on old fires. In wet, marshy pine-birch forests, in blueberries, on sphagnum bogs grow mokhoviki, goat, bog boletus, boletus and russula, floats and mokruhi.

For the successful collection of mushrooms you need to choose the right forest.In the dry season, for example, it would be better to go for mushrooms in a wet forest, and in very wet seasons, on the contrary, it is better to prefer elevated places. Older, dense, gloomy forests are usually poor in mushrooms, both in composition and quantity, and in young birch, barely outgrown shrubs, there can be many various mushrooms. In forests with high, dense grass there are usually few mushrooms, so you need to choose such places so that there is little grass and forest litter can be seen through it.

A novice mushroom picker should remember   that most mushrooms prefer edges, clearings, thinned places warmed up by the sun, and only very few mushrooms, such as milk mushrooms or duboviki, climb into the thicket and on the slopes of ravines. An inexperienced mushroom picker can collect a basket of a wide variety of mushrooms, without going far into the forest, but you need to know them well to be at the right time in the right place and get out of the forest with a basket full of white mushrooms, mushrooms, or mushrooms.

In the autumn at the base of the trunks or on the trunks of old oaks grows liverwormsand - the meaty mushroom of an oval form reaching several kilograms. On the roots of old oaks, a leafy tinder grows or a ram mushroom, from a distance resembles a lying sheep. At a young age, this mushroom is edible.

Of poisonous mushrooms for oak trees typical   brick-red loamoopex populating oak stumps.

Pure aspen trees are usually poor.mushrooms, but for them there are their own characteristic species, such as the orange-cap boletus and aspen. Here you can find russula blue-yellow, sometimes in large quantities, and russula dull. Aspen stumps on clearings are a favorite place for the settlement of autumn oyster mushrooms, autumn and winter oyster mushrooms.

Many species of mushrooms grow in mixed hardwood forests.. In deciduous forests there are various types of oyster mushrooms, tinderbeds and honey agarics, pottery, russules, white fungus, half-white and chestnut mushrooms. Small-leaved forests abound with boletus, aspen mushrooms, russula and various crayfish, including real milk, yellow, black, bluish, walui, crepe and many other mushrooms.

Edible mushrooms growing in mixed forests, the criteria for their differences, the favorite places of growth consider today.

general characteristics

The composition of the representatives of the kingdom of fungi, characteristic of a particular locality, is determined by many criteria, among which the following factors play a decisive role:

Degree of humidity;
  The intensity of solar radiation;
  Soil composition;
  Composition of vegetation;
  The influence of anthropogenic factors and so on.

Moreover, areas characterized by approximately the same conditions can vary considerably in the composition of the representatives of the mushroom kingdom. Consequently, the uniqueness of this world is determined by a combination of factors, the decisive of which is the degree of humidity and the predominance of those or other plant species. I will briefly dwell on the most frequently encountered mushrooms growing in mixed forests.

White mushroom

This is a very rare mushroom, but its taste characteristics, as well as the degree of nutritional value, makes it put in the first place. It is these representatives of the mushroom kingdom that are most valued among the mushroom pickers in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union.

White mushroom has a distinctive appearance: a large thick hat, located on a massive leg. Its color is rather variable and can be both light brown and violet-brown.

The pulp of the fungus is very dense, it is rather difficult to push it with your fingers. Appearance   the fungus is quite characteristic, and therefore, having seen it once, in the subsequent period there is usually no difficulty in defining it.

The favorite place of growth is large clean glades, free from deadwood or decomposed remains of trees. Sometimes they can be found under oaks and large old birches and some other deciduous trees. Most often they grow in the height of summer - the end of July, the beginning of August.

White mushrooms are great for any culinary creations. They can marinate, fry, boil, dry, bake. In general, spoil the dishes from them is quite difficult.

Boletus

Tubular edible mushroom. Appearance, as in the previous case, is very characteristic: a bright orange cap, medium massiveness and a thick leg. A qualitative feature is the presence of small, numerous dark scales on the leg. It is the combination of a bright hat and a typical leg that makes it truly recognizable.

Despite its name, eloquently hinting at the favorite places of growth, it can be found not only under the aspens, but also under the oaks, under the birch trees, as well as many other deciduous plants. They usually grow in colonies, sometimes numbering dozens of representatives.

The best time to collect aspen birds - from late July to early October. It is not recommended to collect them after long rains and in hot weather. When combining these two factors, the fungus pulp will in most cases be eaten away by worms.

Brownberry

Its characteristic difference is the presence of a dark brown shiny hat with relatively smooth edges and a properly rounded shape. The stem of the brown boletus is rather thin and painted in white-gray tones, with characteristic dark scales.

Brownberry prefers moist soil. The best time to collect is the end of summer, the beginning of autumn. Most often found, of course, under the birch. However, they can be found under other hardwood trees.

Russula

This species can be found even on dry soils and in not very wet years. They can be collected from about mid-summer and before the onset of the first frost. The spring view is quite variable: the shape of the cap may be flat or have edges curved downwards. Its color is blue, red, pink, greenish white and so on. The leg is always light and thin.

The name russula does not exactly reflect the taste of the fungus. Yes, it is not poisonous and it can be eaten raw, but, nevertheless, its flesh is very bitter and when eating a large number of mushrooms in its raw form, it is possible to avoid indigestion.

Load

Plate fungus that grows exclusively in coniferous forests and on sandy wet soils. The diameter of the cap can be impressive in size, up to half a meter. Its color may be light brown with a greenish tint.

Milk mushrooms grow mainly from August to the end of September. Most often grow in colonies, but can occur one by one, two pieces.

Wolf

The most common are pink volnushki, although their color can vary from white to grayish. The diameter of the cap is up to 12 centimeters, and it has a characteristic appearance: a concave middle and edges. The pulp of the fungus is strong and rather fragile. When mechanically affected, it crumbles easily, they grow mainly in colonies.

Chanterelle

The hat and leg are painted in a bright red color, which, in combination with a special funnel shape, makes them absolutely recognizable. Their main feature is the absolute unattractiveness for worms, which means that even in warm and humid weather they will not be eaten.

Chanterelles grow only in colonies, sometimes numbering up to a hundred. You can collect them from mid-summer to late October. Of these, you can cook a great variety of different culinary dishes.

Redhead

A distinctive feature of the camelina is a bright orange color. The cap reaches up to 10 centimeters in diameter. When it is cut, a red juice appears, quickly darkening in the air. Favorite place of growth - spruce forests. There are both single mushrooms, and quite impressive colonies.

Monkey tree

According to the structure - it is agaric mushrooms. Pale pink to slightly yellowish. There is a significant amount of dark-colored flakes on the hat. Attention: there is a chance to confuse it with a false honeycomb, on the cap of which there are no scales at all. Always grow colonies, numbering hundreds of pieces.

Conclusion

Mushrooms growing in the forests are useful, but also dangerous for those who are new to them. Before collecting mushrooms should be especially careful to study their features, best with images. In our time, there is not any difficulty to make your catalog in your smartphone. The phone is always with you, which means it is not difficult to check with him.