Many do business in Russia, but the agricultural sector is not popular in the business environment. But the law provides for farmers a special organizational and legal form - a peasant (or farming) farm. What it is? How to open and register a similar farm?

Legal and administrative features

A peasant (farm) economy is an association of citizens (based, as a rule, on family kinship) created for the purpose of receiving profit from the sale of agricultural products. The farm is located on a plot of land acquired by its members or received from the state.

The composition of KFH may be as follows:

• one person (in fact, this is a classic IP);
• close relatives - spouses, their brothers and sisters, children and parents (and as a part of the economy there can be a maximum of three different families);
• people who are not related to the head of the economy (in the amount of 5 people maximum).

By the way, the law makes only one mandatory requirement to the founder of the economy - capacity. Citizenship does not matter - both a Russian and a foreigner (and even a stateless person) are entitled to open a farm.

Members of a peasant (farm) economy have the right to engage in the following types of agricultural activity:

• growing crops, vegetables, fruits, berries and greens;
• dairy and meat animal husbandry;
• poultry farming;
• fish farming;
• beekeeping;
• etc.

In short, KFH is directly related to agriculture, and its members can engage in any activity in the production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products. To participate in this activity must all participants of the economy.

Legal framework farm  established by four legislative acts:

• Civil Code of Russia;
• Land Code;
• Federal Law "On state registration of legal. individuals and individual entrepreneurs;
• Federal Law "On Peasant (Farmer) Farming".

Let's see how to properly register a farm in Russia.

The first stage: collect documents for the opening of the KFH

The law establishes that the farm should be registered in the same manner as the PI. This is good: you need to collect just a few documents. These include the following:

1. Agreement on the creation of a farm. If the farm will consist of one person - the agreement is not required. Sample Agreement can be downloaded here.
2. An application for state registration of a peasant (farm) farm on Form 21002. You can find a sample of the Application here.
3. Passport or its copy (when you need the original, and when a copy, read the next section).
4. Receipt of payment of state duty. The amount of duty - 800 rubles.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Creation Agreement farm  must sign all members created KFH. In this act you need to specify the following information:

• information about the head of the farm and its powers;
• information about each member of the farm, their professional rights and duties;
• the management of the property of a peasant farm (the principle of property formation, especially the ownership, use and disposal of them)
• the procedure for accepting new members into the economy and for excluding existing ones
• the order of distribution of profits (for obvious reasons, this item should be given special attention);
• any additional provisions that the founder and participants wish to make.

The agreement is an extremely important document. It is precisely by its provisions that members of the economy will be guided in their activities, it is precisely its points that will become the decisive argument in resolving any disputes. The agreement can not be made "for show" - you must carefully consider its content. Yes, the participants in the farm are likely to be related to each other. But does this mean that there will never be conflicts between them? A sound and detailed agreement will help clarify all points of contention and prevent squabbles.

The application is a formal paper, it is easy to fill it. State duty should always be paid only by the head of the farm (if she is paid by another person, she will not be accepted by the tax authority). As for the application for the transition to one of the special tax regimes, then for registration of a farm, it will not be necessary. However, you still have to switch from a general tax system to a special one (if you don’t want to overpay taxes), so it’s better to fill out the application and submit it right away.

How to register a farm: stage two

So, the documents in your hands. Once again, carefully check whether they are filled in correctly - if the civil servants find the slightest discrepancy, you will have to spend time correcting and re-submitting (by the way, the state duty will also have to be paid again). If everything is in order - it's time to submit papers to the tax inspectorate at the place of residence.

Important filing information

The fact is that documents can be submitted in three ways:

• personally;
• by mail (with declared value and investment inventory);
• through the online service IFSN in electronic form.

Documents are accepted at the tax inspectorate, and they can be attributed there in person. If for some reason you are not comfortable contacting tax authorities directly, you have the right to submit papers through the multifunctional center. The law provides you with the opportunity to do this on your own or through a representative.

If you go to the tax office in person, take the original passport with you. In this case, notarizing the identity document will not be required. However, if you use the services of a representative, the situation will become more complicated - a copy of your passport and all other documents will have to be first certified by a notary. You will need to contact the notary in the event that you send the documents by mail or via the Internet. Without his seal, the tax authorities will not accept your paper.

We do not recommend sending documents using a representative, mail or the electronic portal of the IFTS. It is long, costly, inconvenient and unreliable, no matter what the employees of the said department claim. It is better to choose the time and go to the tax yourself.

The third stage: we are waiting for the decision of the tax authority

Having accepted the documents you collected, the tax inspector will issue a receipt for their receipt. After that you will need to wait 5 days. It is this term set by the legislator to consider the application.

If the tax authorities find in the papers any violations (actual discrepancy of the data or serious errors in registration), you will receive a notification about it. Papers will have to pick up, correct the shortcomings in them, and then again apply to the IFTS. If everything is in order with the documents, tax officers will transfer the information on registration of your farm in the EGRIP. From this moment you will be granted the status of a sole proprietor.

Having received the registration certificate of the IP and the EGRIP record sheet at the IFTS, you can consider the third (and last) registration stage completed. You must collect your documents along with the certificate and extract right on time, otherwise they may be deposited with another department. The sooner they are in your hands, the better.

Please note: in the Russian legislation the concepts of "PI" and "head of the farm" are not clearly demarcated. When registering with the tax inspectorate, information about the head of the farm is entered in the EGRIP, and not in the Unified State Register of Companies (ie, in the register of entrepreneurs, not legal entities; the individual entrepreneur is not a legal entity). For this reason, you will not be able to register as the head of the PCF if you have already opened the IP.

Land issue

How to register a farm at the location of the land if there is no land? Can we count on government support  when receiving a site for KFH? Unfortunately, there are no clear and unequivocal answers to these questions in legislative acts.

The Land Code states: "Citizens who have expressed a desire to lead a peasant economy, land plots from agricultural land are provided in accordance with this Code, as well as the federal law on peasant (farm) farming." But the procedure for granting land plots is not specified either in the Land Code, or in the Federal Law on Farming.

The state really develops and from time to time enacts support programs for various associations engaged in agricultural activities. Unfortunately, the real value of such support measures is small. For example, there is a special program of crediting farms. However, only households included in the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex can receive a loan on preferential terms. However, preferential credit conditions can be called with great stretch - in order to receive a loan, you will need to attract several guarantors and fulfill a number of other conditions.

In any case, in order to acquire a state or municipal plot, ownership or rent will need to be submitted to the territorial authority of the state. government or local government statement. The application will require the following information:

• purpose of use of the site;
• the requested right to the plot (property or lease);
• conditions for the provision of land in the property or lease (first of all - the size of the fee);
• rental period;
• the size of the plot and the rationale for this parameter (the number of KFH participants, the types of activities of the farm)
• estimated location of the land.

Be sure to attach the Agreement to the application.

Summing up

We summarize everything that has been said about how to open a KFH. The algorithm for registering a farm is almost completely analogous to the algorithm for opening the PI. You will need to prepare a minimum of documents: an agreement on the establishment and an application for registration of the KFH, as well as a personal passport and receipt of payment of the fee. All this should be personally attributed to the local branch of the Inspection of the Federal Tax Service. After 5 days, in the same place it will be possible to receive a certificate of registration, on which the whole procedure will be successfully completed.

At the stage of preparing documents pay special attention to the drafting of an agreement - this is a very important document. Before registering a farm with the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate, study the existing support programs for farmers (both federal and regional) and take care of the land plot. Successes!

In this article we will look at how the registration of a peasant farm (peasant farm) is taking place.

How to open KFH: key points

The peasant farm is ranked as one of the types of entrepreneurship in the field of agriculture. The farmer association may include agrarians, related by family ties or completely strangers, but not more than 5 people.

Participants like KFH (over 16 years old) have joint (share) farm property, together they are engaged in economic and production activities. A farm can also consist of one person (he is the head, founder of the economy, entrepreneur). The legal side of KFH activities is regulated by:

• Civil and Land Codes of the Russian Federation;
• Federal Law N 74 "On the farm" from 11.06.2003;
• Federal Law N 129 “On state registration of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs” dated August 8, 2001 as amended in 2016.

When a member of a farm or a single member leaves the composition of the property, the property is not divided, but compensation is only paid to those who have departed in proportion to their equity participation. The main requirements for the founder of the farm (that is, for who is entitled to create a private farm) are:

• russian citizenship, but a foreigner (physical person) or a stateless person can become a founder;
• capacity

Accordingly, one of the main conditions is the availability of a land plot. If there is none, you can buy it or rent it. A plot of land must have good characteristics, be suitable for creating and maintaining a farm there.

Farmers in the farm have the right to grow vegetables, fruits, greens, crops, etc. The employment of farmers may also include poultry, beekeeping, fish farming and other agricultural activities.

Some features of registration and activity of KFH and IP

The concepts of IP, KFH are often closely intertwined in business. They are very similar. PI and KFH begin operations from the time of registration (without the formation of a legal entity), the order of passage of which is also almost the same. IP and KFH are closed by submitting the relevant documents. But there are a number of fundamental differences between them.

KFH members, in contrast to IP, have the right to engage on agricultural land only on existing land plots. This includes production, its transportation, storage, sale.

For the lease, purchase of a land plot, a corresponding application is submitted, together with the agreement on the establishment of a private farm, authorized territorial or local government bodies. The applicant must specify the purpose of the use of the land, its size, possible location, the conditions for its provision for use.

Step number 1. Preparation of documents for the opening of the KFH

Register a KFH is easy. The rules for its opening mostly coincide with the registration of the IP. A single package of documents is filed with the tax authorities at the place of residence of the elected head. Having prepared the necessary package of documents, it is quite realistic to register KFH on your own, without resorting to outside assistance.

The head of the future KFH can present the package of documents to the tax authorities in several ways:

• independently;
• through the online tax service;
• resorting to the help of his representative;
• by mail with the inclusion of inventory attachments.

When sending the prepared documents for opening the PCF by mail, a representative or the Internet, the notary must certify the documents.

Step number 2. Consideration of a package of documents and registration of a farm

The application together with the adopted documents is reviewed by the tax authorities for 5 days. Upon decision making, documents can be returned in person or via postal services. With a positive decision, the head of the farm shall be issued:

• registration certificate of the head of the farm;
• extract on registration in ERIP;
• document on registration with the tax service.

At this registration procedure is completed. Registration of the economy is carried out without the formation of a legal entity, as well as the IP. The head of KFH and IP - physical persons. Having received the documents, the head of the KFH, together with its members, can carry out activities in agriculture. KFH should also be registered in the statistical bodies, which usually notify the need to make registration.

Essential during registration is the provision of reliable information on the part of family ties to the tax authorities. If the verification of the information submitted is not confirmed and will be false, the farm will be liquidated within the prescribed period.

Step number 3. Taxation of peasant farms (UAT)

After the official registration of the farm, its participants can engage in commercial activities in agriculture throughout Russia, regardless of where the farm was registered. Registration date is the date of establishment of the farm.

The most advantageous for KFH is ENAT (see →). The calculation is based on VAT, property tax and income tax. The advantages of using a single agricultural loan by farmers are obvious.

Only those farms have the right to use the ESCC, whose activity is 70% connected with the production of agricultural products. For them, concession is provided for, which allows reducing the base of the common agricultural tax by the amount of damage incurred in previous years. The benefit can be used for 10 years from the time when the damage was fixed.

The application of the SAT is beneficial for farmers and in respect of social contributions. Fixed value on this year  is 22 261.38 rubles. for those farmers who make a profit of up to 300 thousand rubles. With more income is calculated from the amount exceeded 1%. Tax payments are made every quarter or month. Employee contributions are deducted monthly at a rate of 27.1% from salary.

Example # 1. Registration of a farm as a citizen of Russia

Russian, I.I. Ivanov, owning a plot of land, independently decides to create a peasant farm. On his plot of land located outside the city where he lives, the farmer is going to grow vegetables and fruits for their subsequent sale.

In order to open a peasant farm, he will need to assemble the package of documents himself and submit them to the tax authorities. They include: a personal statement on state registration written by him, a copy of all pages of the passport, a receipt with paid duty.

He does not need to draw up an agreement on the establishment of a farm enterprise, as he will be the only participant, founder and entrepreneur of the future economy. He automatically becomes the head of the farm.

I.I. Ivanov, together with a package of documents at the same time, submits an application for the application of UAT. Consequently, immediately after the official registration, this tax regime will enter into force. The decision on his treatment will be known after 5 days.

Example # 2. Lease of land for registration of FKH

P.I. Petrov together with N.N. Linnik (citizens of the Russian Federation living in Moscow) plan to form a farm. Since they don’t have a land plot, they decide to rent the land by submitting an application to the relevant authorities.

In their address, they indicate the purpose of use - the cultivation of grain, vegetables for their subsequent sale, the lease term is 5 years, the size of the plot is 5 hectares, the intended location is near Moscow, within 350 km of the Moscow Ring Road, the number of participants is 2 people. The organizers enclose an agreement on the formation of the future KFH.

Answers to common questions

Question number 1:  What is the difference between agricultural land and other categories of land used for agricultural purposes?

The concept and composition of agricultural land defines the Land Code of the Russian Federation, Art. 77. This category of land with fertile soils is located outside the perimeter of settlements and is intended for agriculture and the production of agricultural products. The law includes farmland (arable land, pastures, areas with perennial plantings), land occupied by forests, water bodies, roads, communications, buildings for the production and storage of agricultural products.

Question number 2:  Is it possible to farm without living on these lands?

Can. At the same time, according to Federal Law No. 74 dated 06/11/2003 from among agricultural land and other categories, farmers have the right to acquire and receive for use land plots for buildings (buildings, structures) for agriculture.

Question number 3:  Do I need to register PI head of the farm?

Despite the independence of the existence of objects, the individual entrepreneurs and the head of the peasant economy are often likened to them. Therefore, the status of the IP may be the reason for the refusal to register the head of the KFH.

Question number 4:  What kind of assistance does the state provide for first-time registration of farm enterprises?

Novice farmers receive financial support through federal and regional programs. Thus, the federal program “Novice Farmer” provides for assistance in the form of a grant grant (1 million 500 thousand rubles), a lump sum payment (250 thousand rubles). Applicants must meet certain requirements. The advantage is the head of the KFH with special education and experience in agriculture for at least 3 years, with at least 10% of its funds from the amount of the grant in the account.

Question number 5:  What affects the place of registration of the KFH?

The place of registration does not oblige the conduct of activities in the relevant region, but only matters for reporting. Registration is carried out at the place of residence of the head of the KFH or temporary stay if there is no permanent address.

An association of citizens, relatives who have their own property and who work in the production and sale of agricultural products, is called a peasant farm. How to open a farm, what steps need to be taken to register your business - let's talk about this in the article.

Opening Features

The name “farm” predetermines the nature of the activities of the future association. So, how to open KFH? Such an enterprise is registered without an accessible form of entrepreneurship. Therefore, acting as head of the economy, the businessman remains i.e. an individual. Organize KFH, can our compatriots and foreign citizens, as well as persons who do not have citizenship. But, unlike the IP, they should be related to the head of the emerging economy. To start a business, neither of them requires any qualifications, special training, or any experience in agriculture.

Organizational subtleties when creating a farm

Before you open a farm, you must consider the main criteria that should guide the registration of a farm. They are:

The enterprise is headed by a businessman, who is registered as the individual entrepreneur and the head of the economy.

All members of KFH are relatives over the age of 16.

It is possible to admit to the number of members of a farm, employees who are not related to the head of up to 5 people on the basis of a decision taken by the meeting of members.

The property of such an enterprise becomes common property.

Agreement on the creation of a farm

Legislatively determined the condition under which between people, before opening a farm, you must enter into a written agreement. This document provides registration authorities with information on:

On the appointment of the head of the enterprise;

About the members of the planned KFH listing their rights / obligations.

The agreement must determine the order:

Education and property use;

Admission to the membership of the farm and out of it;

Distribution received from the implementation of activities, agricultural products.

If an entrepreneur registers a farm in “one person”, then he makes a decision on the creation of a farm.

How to open KFH: step by step instructions

Register KFH in the tax inspectorate at the place of residence of the physical person creating the enterprise. To do this, the inspection provide:

The application of a certain form (No. p21002);

A certificate of the place of actual residence of the physical person registering the agricultural enterprise;

Agreement or decision on the creation of a farm;

An identity document (passport and copy) of the future head of the farm.

Term - 5 working days.

After this time, the farmer receives:

Certificate of state registration of the head of the KFH.

Certificate of registration in the IFSN.

Extract from EGRIP.

Rosstat Information Letter. If this document is not received due to any circumstances, an application should be submitted to the local statistical office. The letter indicates the necessary information for reporting, including the declaration.

Acceptable farm taxation system: UAT

To consider the issue of the application of the tax system should be in advance, that is, before you open the FE KFH. The most suitable form is the use of a single agricultural tax (ESCH). This simplified regime will exempt from taxes on profits, property and value added.

Apply for the application of UAT should simultaneously with the submission of documents for registration of the enterprise. The use of such a tax regime is limited by law. Farms have the right to use it, 70% of whose activities are directly related to the production of agricultural products. This is one of their gentle regimes, since the tax is calculated as 6% of the profits. Tax is paid every six months, and a UAT declaration is issued annually.

The benefit from its use is very significant - the payer is entitled to reduce the tax base by the amount of the loss incurred in previous years. Such a benefit is valid for 10 years from the time the loss is made.

The law is loyal to the farmer and when paying insurance premiums, the value of which is fixed for the heads and members of the farm. In 2015, the amount of social contributions amounted to 22,261.38 rubles. with a farm income of no higher than 300 thousand rubles. From the sum of the profit received over 300 thousand rubles, the tax in the amount of 1% is additionally paid. Contributions can be transferred monthly or quarterly in equal shares.

For hired employees, contributions are paid each month at a rate of 27.1% of salary. Legislatively established benefits for agricultural producers with hired staff. To get them, you must notify extrabudgetary funds: the FIU and the FSS.

So, we talked about the main details of the creation and operation of peasant farms: how to open an agricultural enterprise and select the optimal tax system.

Thoughts about the organization of their own business, sooner or later appear among people who strive for personal realization and financial independence. One of the most promising options is farming as a business idea for beginners. With the right approach, this type of activity will quickly begin to bring good profits.

Where to start

The popularity and demand for business projects of the farm is increasing day by day. This is explained by the fact that people always need tasty, high-quality and organic food. Small farm business is a very relevant business. Therefore, starting his organization, it is necessary to find out how to develop the business properly in order to achieve success and regularly receive high profits.

So, how to start a farm business? Clearly defined tasks and a competent business plan guarantee you professional success.

First, you need to perform a series of sequential actions:

• choose the main direction of the farm that you want to develop;
• correctly assess all their real capabilities - both financial and physical;
• analyze the future market for your finished products;
• assess your willingness to invest money in business development;
• develop the most competent and detailed business plan for your activities;
• get acquainted with all the legal aspects of this type of activity;
• find out what government programs are in place to effectively support farm business;
• look for the necessary start-up capital, as well as reliable assistants and partners.

Important features of the farm business

In order for a small farming business to be successful for you, it is necessary at the initial stage to take into account some of its features and nuances. Consider the most important of them:

• if you have stopped your - you must necessarily find a qualified veterinarian;
• if your choice is, you will need to include in your company's staff an experienced agronomist who is well aware of how to deal with all sorts of pests;
• search for buyers should begin to engage in advance, prior to the sale of animals or harvest.

In addition, if you are interested in a home farm as a business, you need to know about all the benefits of this activity:

• this is a great reference ability;
• all work is done in the open air;
• there is a wide choice of areas of farming;
• environmental cleanliness and product safety;
• state farmers support programs.

What risks may lie in wait

However, one should not underestimate certain risks characteristic of this type of activity. If you have decided to grow plant products, insects can bring the main harm, as well as adverse weather conditions. In the case of livestock, it is necessary to beware of all kinds of epidemics, another difficulty - quarantine zones.

Choose the best option

The ideas of farming business are quite interesting and diverse. In addition to crop and livestock, which are the basic directions, there are such types of farms as:

• beekeeping;
• viticulture;
• mushroom growing;
• gardening;
• grain growing.

Novice farmers are encouraged to engage in animal husbandry, home greenhouse farming, poultry farming and beekeeping, since these very areas are the most profitable. Without requiring too large cash outlays and large areas, such a business is able to ensure good profits in the shortest possible time.

Livestock

Livestock is, without a doubt, one of the most common and successful areas of the farming business. What kind of animals is beneficial to breed for business? Optimal options for beginners can be:

• piglets;
• vietnamese pigs;

From birds it is best to choose broiler chickens, geese and ducks.

Approximate costs for opening a farm

The size of monetary investments for farming is completely dependent on the initial conditions for its development. In the event that an already existing household is at the heart of this business idea, you can save a lot, since there is no need to spend money on acquiring land plots  and construction of special animal breeding facilities.

But if we are talking about how to open a peasant farm from scratch, many factors can affect the size of start-up capital, in particular:

• selected direction of farming;
• the initial price of individuals of animals, as well as seeds and seedlings of plants;
• cost of land.

In general, all this will have to spend about five to six million rubles.

The recoupment of business is directly related to the chosen direction of the farm. For example, a tangible profit from growing chickens will appear in just seven to eight months. And if you want to engage in pig farming, such an enterprise will pay off in three to five years. Keep in mind that the more in demand your products are, the shorter their payback periods will be.

Many newcomers are interested in how to start a farm from scratch and avoid making any mistakes.

The first thing that needs to be done is to formalize your activities legally. It is also important to keep in mind that not only citizens of Russia, but also citizens of other states, as well as non-citizens, have the right to create such farms. And the nearest relatives of the owners, up to a maximum of three families, can enter the organization - in this case it is necessary to conclude an agreement between all the participants. There are cases when a farm reveals one person — no agreement is required here.

If you are interested in farming as you must go through the mandatory registration process:

• first produced;
• then an application for registration of the farm business is made and must be certified by a notary;
• after that, a set of necessary documents is submitted to the Federal Tax Service Inspectorate;
• then, after receiving all registration documentation, registration is carried out in the funds;
• then in the statistics service receive the necessary codes;
• at the final stage it opens for business.

How to choose the right terrain

One of the most important questions faced by those who are interested in how to open a farm from scratch is how to choose the right location for farming. Of course, the winners are those entrepreneurs who already own land plots. All the rest will have to make some effort to find the best place for the farm.

For land plots that are allotted for farming, there are certain requirements:

• absolute environmental cleanliness and safety;
• proximity to major cities;
• good transport accessibility;
• possibility of the most convenient transportation of goods.

With proper organization and a reasonable approach, the farm will bring you high profits. Having sufficient start-up capital, legal knowledge, and rational business conduct are key success factors.

Farms How to organize a profitable business: Video

In agriculture, there is an unlimited number of niches for business organization. In rural areas there is always something to do - to breed birds, fish, animals, crayfish, or to grow vegetables, fruits, berries, or to open a store or pharmacy. Having your own production in the village of a profitable and full-fledged business is important to choose the project correctly and correctly organize it. But where to start an agricultural business?

Agricultural business - where to start

In order to get a profitable agricultural business in the future, it is important to choose the right occupation, that is, an idea for implementation. You can judge the profitability of a business after calculating its profitability. And this indicator depends on the existing conditions for the selected business and on the region as a whole.

As mentioned above, in the village there is a large choice of business opportunities, but each entrepreneur himself must decide what he likes to do more.

There are several important points to consider when opening an agricultural business.:

Relevance. When choosing an idea for a business, you should analyze the market and determine whether there is a demand for future supply;

Competition. In order to ensure high incomes from the chosen business sphere, it is desirable that in one village there are no competitors in this niche business;

Orientation. To achieve success, in any field of activity, you can only with great difficulty and desire, therefore, when choosing a lesson for the soul, one should not rush between ideas, but choose one thing and devote all his free time to this activity.

About other no less profitable areas of rural business can be found in the section - "".

Variants of agricultural business ideas

Today, it is profitable to engage in agricultural business, state assistance in the form of government programs and grants for business development in combination with tax benefits make entrepreneurship in the village a promising activity. For a family business where family members work, you should choose one focus, such as growing vegetables, raising animals or beekeeping.

Breeding areas:

Poultry - you can breed broiler chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, pheasants, layers, and so on;

Livestock - breeding rabbits, pigs, goats, sheep, nutria, horses, etc.;

Beekeeping - the possibility of obtaining honey and honey products;

Fishery - bred carp, trout, sturgeon, catfish, carp and other species of fish.

Growing areas:

Greens - you can grow different types of greens: basil, onion, parsley, dill, cilantro, garlic, etc.;

Vegetables - tomatoes, zucchini, cucumbers, peppers, cabbage, potatoes, carrots, eggplants, etc. are suitable for growing;

Fruits and berries - grown mainly strawberries, cherries, raspberries, cherries, apples, plums, grapes, melons, watermelons;

Grain - oats, rye, corn, millet and so on are suitable for growing.

A rather popular agricultural business is growing vegetables, fruits, berries, or greens for sale. Even a beginner can easily gain a foothold in this field of activity. Vegetables and greens can be grown year-round, it is enough to equip a greenhouse, and products can be sold on the market.

Breeding animals (rabbits, pigs, goats, sheep), birds (chickens, ducks, quails) is an equally popular type of business in the village. This will require a room with the required microclimate parameters for specific living creatures, as well as equipment for processing animals after slaughter.

Naturally, this is not a complete list of what you can do in the village, but these industries are the most popular among other areas of agricultural business that are in demand in Russia.

When planning a selected project, you should consider whether it is possible to receive additional income separately from the basic earnings. For example, when growing vegetables and fruits, you can also sell frozen vegetables and fruits, while growing animals (pigs or cows) you can produce stewed meat, homemade sausage and other delicacies. When keeping cows, you can sell not only meat, but also milk, cream, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese. If you grow grain, you can organize the production of flour, as well as equip a mini-bakery and bake bread and bakery products.

Many entrepreneurs who do not want to grow or breed something, perhaps without such experience, decide to open a supermarket in the countryside. This business idea has every chance to become successful and bring a good income to an entrepreneur. But all this is possible with little competition, if, in the village, there are several grocery stores, it is better to open another institution, for example, an entertainment one.

An advantageous solution would be to open a pharmacy in the village, especially if the village is located far from the city. But this type of business requires significant material costs and pharmaceutical experience. You will also need to register a business with the tax inspectorate, a license for pharmaceutical activities, and a permit to trade in medicines.

Stages of business planning in the village

As well as any other business, agricultural also does not do without a planning stage. It consists of a business plan. For farming, the first stage will be a search for a land plot; for raising animals, it will be placed under a farm, and it may be easier to find a ready-made farm, for example, if someone sells it, it is more difficult to start everything from scratch.

How to start an agricultural business from scratch? The land for farming and farm premises can be not only bought, but also rented, it is desirable that the access roads to it are convenient.

Next, you should analyze the costs of business organization, as well as calculate the approximate profit. Why approximate? Because the agricultural business is full of risks, for example, the harvest may not rise due to weather conditions, and animals - to die due to the epidemic of various diseases, and of course these costs will not pay off.

Therefore, costs are the main point of a business plan in building an agricultural business. For example, farming will require the purchase of seeds, fertilizer, irrigation system equipment, labor remuneration (if you plan to hire workers), transportation of the crop to the place of sale, and the involvement of special equipment — all these costs must be described and provided for in this section of the business plan. After analyzing all the costs, you can begin to analyze the possible income.

To calculate the possible profit you need to know the profitability of a particular field of activity. Suppose when planning the cultivation of tomatoes, you should study the average yield of vegetables in this climatic region for one season. Then this figure should be multiplied by the average cost of tomatoes during the season, thus, an approximate amount of possible income from growing tomatoes is obtained.

The next important point of the business plan is the sources of business financing. One of the few reasons why many entrepreneurs give up on their venture to engage in agriculture is the lack of the necessary amount of money.

The state today pays enough attention to raising the level of agricultural development, and also allocates enormous funds to support beginning farmers who want to work in the village. An entrepreneur can get a loan for the missing amount, for this there are programs of preferential loans, designed specifically for novice farmers, but this will require a comprehensive business plan for the future economy.

If you don’t want to pay high interest on a loan, you can take the opportunity to participate in the allocation of grants for agricultural development - this is a state aid program for young or existing entrepreneurs that you don’t need to return - it is free of charge. It is not so easy to receive this grant, it is necessary to draw up a whole program of future production or a plan for the modernization of an existing one and prove to the expert committee that the proposed project deserves the victory.

The Russian government is interested in ensuring that agricultural products meet the needs of the entire population, which in turn will help to completely abandon imported products and goods. To date, the priority is the industry of breeding dairy cows, as it is very poorly developed. Therefore, having received the support of the state, competently organizing production and sales, it is quite possible to cover most of the relevant market.

After the possible costs and revenues have been calculated, they are found. land plot  or placement under a farm, you can draw up documents - register the future enterprise.

To do this, follow these steps::

Pay a state fee in a bank;

Write a business registration application and notarize it;

Collect the necessary set of documents for the inspection of the Federal Tax Service (IFTS);

After a set time to pick up the finished documents from the IFSN;

Register with the Pension Fund and other required authorities;

Get statistics codes in the Federal Statistics Service;

Open a checking account in a financial institution;

After the paperwork and business registration, you can proceed to the organization of the selected farm. The entrepreneur should have an idea of ​​the business in which he will be engaged, if he does not have the skills to conduct agricultural activities, it is necessary to invite an experienced worker - a farmer with the appropriate education to assist in the work.

For the cultivation of plants and vegetables, it is better to organize greenhouses, if the plot is small, and harvest all year round. You need to start from a small area further gradually expanding the economy each year. Modern technologies today can significantly facilitate the work of the farmer and increase the productivity of the farm and this should be used.

Next, you need to buy the right equipment for each industry individually. For example, to grow broiler chickens will require special heaters, cages for chickens, feeders, drinkers, equipment for removing feathers from slaughter poultry, and so on. microclimate for good harvest.

Potential problems of agricultural business

At first glance, the agricultural business may not seem so attractive, in part this is true, the organization of farming requires considerable capital investments and a lot of physical labor. In the organization and development of a business, the first time will have to work independently in order to save money on the payment of wages to workers.

In some industries, the payback period is quite long, for example, when breeding animals, although this is not the case with vegetable cultivation. With a successful outcome, you can recoup the costs for one harvest season. However, even here there are risks - the seedlings may not ascend, part of the crop may die due to weather conditions, plants also have diseases and often damage a large area of ​​plantings. All these nuances must be considered.

In livestock and poultry farming, there is also a high risk of death of livestock and poultry due to epidemics of diseases, sometimes even healthy animals and birds have to be slaughtered to avoid a global epidemic. Therefore, the entire agricultural business is still quite risky.

The most profitable agricultural business

To find a profitable niche in the agricultural business with minimal investment, you should carefully analyze the technology and conditions for the implementation of various projects. Through long-term studies of the conditions for organizing a business, calculating its profitability, the cost of food, equipment and the resulting income, the most profitable agricultural business was identified - this is poultry farming, namely breeding geese.

First, geese are unpretentious birds, they live in any climatic zone, optimally gain weight and are resistant to disease. Goose meat is high-calorie and not expensive compared to beef and pork, so it has an increased market demand. When breeding geese, the accompanying business is selling eggs, feathers, fluff and fat geese.

The technology of breeding geese consists of the following cycles:

Getting eggs and ensuring the incubation period;

Removal of goslings from eggs;

Intensive fattening of goslings for at least three months with special highly balanced feed;

Fattening to obtain fatty liver within two weeks;

Bird slaughter and processing;

Implementation of carcasses and related products;

Considering the cost of growing one bird, from the moment it comes out of the egg to the time it sells meat, which is about 600 rubles, it can be said that doing this business is quite cost-effective. Labor costs for servicing a herd of up to 100 heads will require only 3 person-hours - this figure is also relatively small compared to, for example, growing cows or pigs.

The final weeks before the slaughter of geese are kept in individual cages, which practically do not allow them to move, they are singed with water and forcibly fed with special syringes. Implement geese meat, liver, offal, fluff and feather. One goose on average makes a profit of up to 2000 rubles, and profitability is up to 400%. Therefore, we can safely say that breeding geese is the most profitable agricultural business.

Doing agricultural business in Russia is profitable or not? This question can be answered unequivocally yes, it is beneficial, even despite the fact that some branches of agriculture require large capital investments, heavy physical and mental labor, and also have a long payback period. It can be argued that agriculture  highly profitable occupation, the object of production as it passes through the stages of the technological cycle from its beginning to the moment of realization of the finished product increases in price several times (cleaning, processing, sorting, moving, packing, etc.).

And in the conclusion of the article briefly about the main thing. Agricultural business where to start? As described above - with planning. It is impossible to build a profitable business without a good, competent business plan. A difficult stage in the business is the sale of production, in search of loyal customers and points of sale sometimes take years. One direction should be clearly chosen and developed. Many novice farmers grab everything at once (some chickens, ducks, a couple of cages with rabbits, a pig, a cow) - this is good for the household, but not for business, as a result, they have nothing.

Agriculture is a difficult task, therefore, manual labor should be extremely mechanized, using automatic machines (watering, irrigation, drinking water for livestock, milking machines, etc.).

For the further development of a successful farm, you can try to join a well-known agricultural brand, but this will require a franchise. Buying a franchise will be expensive, but with it you can count on an increase in sales volumes, and accordingly profits.