In 2014, in the “Green House” series, a new - revised 17th edition of the textbook: “Green Pages” was published. Auth. Pleshakov A.A. A book with stories about nature.
The sixth page of the collection tells about mushrooms. What are edible and poisonous mushrooms.
Read the annotation to the story: "Devious twins. Grade 2"

When you are going to the forest for mushrooms, do not forget about the three most important rules written in the story: "Insidious twins", in the book - "Green Pages".
1. Don't pick up mushrooms you don't know.
2. Do not pluck who know little and are not sure of their edibility.
3. Enrich your knowledge of mushrooms. Many edible mushrooms have their counterpart.
For example, in a white mushroom - the king of mushrooms - it is a gall mushroom, or, it is also called, a false white. How do they differ from each other:
  The edible mushroom has a cap, bottom, white or yellowish, on the leg is a drawing, in the form of a white net. The flesh, when you cut the mushroom, always remains white.
  The double has a cap, bottom, pink, on the leg is a black mesh, and the flesh on the cut turns pink.

Inedible mushrooms are not always poisonous. Here, the twin of the white fungus does not have poison, but it is very bitter, like bile, therefore it is called the gall fungus.

Comparison of pale toadstool and champignon.

And, here at champignon the double is a pale grebe. Unlike the white mushroom twin, it is very poisonous. Why, it is the most dangerous of all doubles. The first symptoms of poisoning, from it, occur only after 10 hours, and sometimes, even more than in a day. Therefore, the poison already has time to poison, almost the entire body. Under any combination of circumstances, there is no hope of recovery from a pale toadstool.

Comparison of the toadstool and champignon, how they differ from each other:
  The champignon has pink plates, and with age they turn purple.
  In the grebe - they are pure white. The cap of the toadstool is greenish.

But, there is still a relative of the toadstool - it is a white toadstool. Her hat, unlike the pale toadstool, is also white, like that of a champignon. But she, as well as a pale grebe, is deadly poisonous.

Pass the test for falsity.

But do you know well the people who surround you? How to find out true or false friendship?

You will learn a lot about true friendship and love. How to behave with a friend when she had any problems. Should you, give your advice and express your opinion on how to act? Or to be just an attentive listener and speak out - when?

Pale toadstool and champignon are very similar representatives. It is sometimes difficult even to an experienced mushroom picker to distinguish an edible mushroom from a poisonous one. And yet this is extremely important, because the question is about life and death.

Champignon is considered one of the most common mushrooms. Buying it in the vegetable departments of supermarkets, you can not worry about the quality of the product. But, if it should appear on the dinner table not from the store shelf, but from the forest, then it is very important to know how mushroom differs from pale toadstool.

Poisonous fungi can cause irreparable harm to health, even death.  The same applies to the toadstool. It is the most dangerous and poisonous species among all known species. A person who consumed a false champignon does not immediately understand about poisoning. The first signs of intoxication appear after 5–7 (and sometimes 36) hours. But during the absence of symptoms, the poison is already active, and sometimes it is too late to take action, because the effects of toxins are already irreversible. That is what makes this mushroom so dangerous.

Poisonous fungus can cause irreparable harm to health, even death.

Similarities and differences

Inedible sibling mushrooms are found in almost all species suitable for consumption. A detailed comparison of the toadstool and champignon will help to identify significant differences and similarities.

Similarities

• Similarity can be seen in size - the leg is from 7 to 16 cm in length, and the cap can reach 15 cm in diameter.
• Both representatives have a ring-shaped formation on the trunk. At the beginning of life, poisonous mushrooms have a ring that gradually disappears as they age. The edible mushroom has a ring that almost completely covers the underside of the cap.

Differences

• One of the differences is the size of the base. In an inedible fungus, the stem is thin and not very fleshy, while the useful is much thicker and denser.
• Twins are different from each other by their hats. In the toadstool, the cap has the same white color both above and below, and the champignon has a pink shade under the cap. Toadstool can change the whitish color of the cap to greenish, but this is not necessary. Her leg is light, the pulp is dense.
• Pale grebe has a dense and light flesh.
• Differences can be found not only in appearance - the duplicate mushrooms have a different smell. Pale toadstool does not smell at all, whereas its edible congener has a characteristic mushroom flavor, slightly reminiscent of almond
• Inedible mushrooms do not spoil the worms as opposed to edible. Toxic representatives always have pure flesh.

1. Carefully read the memo in the textbook (p. 27). Independently or with the help of a textbook fill in the gaps in the text.

To avoid trouble at the water

1) Bathe only under adult supervision.

2) Do not swim in unfamiliar place. There may be dangerous undercurrents.

3) Do not swim in very cold water. From cold can make leg cramp

4) It is better to swim not alone, but with friends, to be at each other’s sight

5) You can swim only in clean waters. Swimming in polluted water is hazardous to health.

6) Do not swim in the sea for buoys

7) Do not swim in the storm

Remember these rules and always follow them!

2. “That's how we bathed!” - the Parrot exclaimed when he saw these guys on the shore

Think and write which of the guys dived and who did not. Who can not swim?

Petya was diving because he had a wet head. Yulia is soiled to the waist, it means she only stood waist-high in the water, and did not swim, she probably cannot swim.

3. The wise Turtle wonders if you know poisonous berries and mushrooms. Cut out the drawings from the Application and place them in the appropriate frames. Test yourself using the tutorial. After checking the stick drawings.

4. Using the text and picture from the book “Green Pages” (the story “Deceitful Twins”), write down what the pale toadstool and champignon are similar to and how they differ.

Comparison of the toadstool and champignon

Similarity: Young mushrooms of the toadstool are very similar in appearance to champignons. The legs of these mushrooms are also very similar.

Differences: The color of the plates: in champignons - from pink in young to brown in the old, in the pale toadstool - always white.

5. Write at least three names in each paragraph (p. 19-20). For the selection of examples, use the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Sky".

a) Forest plants with edible fruits: wild rose, chokeberry, shadberry, blackberry, blueberry, viburnum, blueberry, cranberry

b) Forest plants with inedible fruits: euonymus, privet, elderberry, buckthorn, wolf's bast, snowberry

c) Edible mushrooms: white fungus, chanterelle, mokhovik, butter shaker, dubovik, ovyonok, russula

d) Inedible mushrooms: fly agaric, grebe, gall mushroom, spitfly, govorushka waxed

6. At home, repeat the safety rules learned w in the lesson. Have an adult check you out.

Think up and draw conventional signs to some rules of the instruction “So that there is no trouble near the water” (by your choice).

In class, compare your signs with those suggested by other guys. Choose the most successful.

7. If you are interested, prepare a message about bees, wasps and bumblebees with the help of the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Sky", as well as additional literature, the Internet. Here you can write a message plan or any important information about these insects.

A honeybee is a insect domesticated by man. These bees live in hives with large families. The forest wasp lives in families in nests suspended from tree branches, under roofs of houses and other buildings. Shaggy bumblebees are easily distinguished from most bees and wasps.