To make your speech in a foreign language expressive, correct and diverse, as well as to learn to understand what other people say (write), you need to know english pronouns... A table (and more than one) will be presented in this article with the necessary explanations to facilitate the assimilation of grammatical material.

What is a pronoun and what is it for

This part of speech is used in any language to avoid tautology, animate dry statements, and also make them more logical. Pronouns in English are called Pronouns, which translates as "instead of nouns."

This service component acts as a placeholder for those parts of speech that have already been mentioned in spoken or written text. Nouns and adjectives can be replaced, a little less often - adverbs and numerals. Pronouns help us to maintain consistency and clarity of presentation of thought, but at the same time not to repeat ourselves, calling again the same people, objects, phenomena, signs, etc.

What are the pronouns in English

English pronouns, like Russian ones, change in face, gender and number. In addition, they must be consistent with the part of speech that they are replacing. For example, gender matching: girl (girl) - she (she). In the same way, agreement is carried out in the number: boys (boys) - they (they).

Now let's see in more detail what each type is and how this service part of speech manages to simplify English.

Personal Pronouns

They have their name because they replace nouns - animate and inanimate. There are seven of them.

• I - I;
• you - you (you);
• he - he;
• she - she;
• it - it;
• we - we;
• they are they.

Pay attention to the following features:

1. You is used in both singular and plural. It is translated accordingly: "you", "you" (appeal to one person) or "you" (appeal to a group of people).

2. It denotes not only inanimate objects, but also animals.

The above personal pronouns are given in the nominative case. But what if you need to say: "you", "me", "about us", etc.? That which in Russian is transmitted by the rest of the cases (dative, genitive, prepositional, etc.) is called in English in one word - the subjective case. Such pronouns replace words that are not subject in the sentence. The correspondence table is shown below.

Begin to practice using the subject case when you thoroughly understand and learn the forms of the nominative. Otherwise, you just run the risk of confusion. In general, remembering pronouns is quite simple, and the more often you study a foreign language, the more confident you will become in speaking.

Possessive Pronouns

This group is the second most frequently used. But don't be in a hurry to get scared when you see new English pronouns. The table below shows the correspondences between personal and possessive types.

As you can see, the base of almost all pronouns is the same, and the differences are most often only in one letter.

It is recommended to learn and work out in the exercises first personal pronouns, then possessive ones, and then practice in mixed tests, where you need to choose a variant that is suitable in meaning and grammar: you or your, etc. So you will firmly grasp everything and will never confuse these two externally similar groups.

Demonstrative Pronouns

We continue to study pronouns in English and now we turn to the variety that helps to navigate in space, to show a certain object, direction and place. They do not change by person and gender, but they have forms of the only and Further in the table you will see demonstrative English pronouns with translation.

For example, if there is a picture on the wall in the distance, then they say about it: That is a picture. And if there are pencils next to it on the table, it can be designated as follows: These are pencils.

This group of service parts of speech also has another function. They can replace single words or even whole expressions. This is done to avoid repetitions. For example: Air quality in the village is better than that in the city - Air quality in the village is better than (air quality) in the city.

Relative Pronouns

This variety can often be found in complex sentences for connecting the main and subordinate parts. This pronoun of English with translation and understanding of foreign speech can create difficulties. Therefore, you need to understand this issue well. The following relative pronouns exist:

• that - what, which (used to refer to both animate and inanimate objects);
• which - which (only to designate objects or phenomena);
• who - who, who (indicates only people);
• whom - to whom, who, whom (does not occur in the spoken language, is used only in official speech as a speech cliche).

Interrogative Pronouns

As you might guess, this type is used in interrogative sentences. If you are already familiar with the topic "Special Questions", then you know these English pronouns well. All of them are remarkable in that they begin with the letter combination wh:

• what? - what? which one? which the?
• which? - what? which (of the two)?
• who? - who?
• whom? - to whom? whom?
• whose? - whose?

Sometimes the suffix -ever can be added to them, and then you get combinations of whatever (anyone, anything), whoever (anyone, anyone), etc.

Pay particular attention to the following features.

Who is used in the singular and assumes the verb form is and the -s ending in the present simple tense.

Who is there? Who likes this film?

The exception is when the personal pronoun is used in the plural (you, we, they), if the answer implies the naming of several people, objects, phenomena, etc.

Who of you live in this house? - We do. (Which one of you lives in this house? - We.)

(Indefinite Pronouns)

Situations often arise when the information is not completely clear, or the speaker is not sure of its truthfulness. For such cases, there is a special group of service words. Below you can see all indefinite English pronouns with translation.

Please note that all pronouns listed in the table refer to singular (even if translated into Russian they mean many objects or people).

The plural of indefinite pronouns is represented by the following words:

• any - any;
• both - both;
• several - several;
• others - others, others;
• many - not enough;
• few - few.

Reflexive Pronouns

Used to indicate actions that are performed with oneself. These English pronouns are associated with the varieties you already know - personal and possessive. Only in this case the particle -self (singular) or -selves (plural) is added.

• (i) I - myself;
• (you) you - yourself;
• (he) he - himself;
• (she) she - herself;
• (it) it - itself (about animals and inanimate objects);
• (we) we - ourselves;
• (you) you - yourselves;
• (they) they are themselves.

How to translate This is the best way to understand the examples.

Sometimes it can be translated as "myself", "myself", etc.

"Why?", She asked herself - "Why?" she asked herself.

We arranged a great holiday for ourselves - We arranged a great holiday for ourselves.

In some cases, you can translate such pronouns with reflexive particles -с and -ся.

A cat washed itself - The cat washed.

Where are you hiding yourself? - Where are you hiding?

In cases where it is emphasized that the action was performed by someone independently, you can translate reflexive pronouns with the words "myself", "herself", etc.

He has built this house himself - He built this house himself.

Reciprocal Pronouns

This type includes only two representatives: each other and one another. They are synonymous.

Such pronouns are used in cases where two objects perform the same action directed at each other.

We love each other - We love each other.

They hugged and kissed one another - They hugged and kissed.

On Christmas day the friends gave each other presents - On Christmas, friends gave each other gifts.

In cases where it is necessary to designate a group of people performing the same action in relation to each other, it is necessary to use the form one another. For example:

We are a united family and always help one another. - We are a close-knit family and always help each other.

People of different generations have difficulties in understanding one another - It is difficult for people of different generations to understand each other.

This is what the pronoun system looks like in English. There is nothing complicated in it, since some groups of service words are formed from others: reflexive and possessive - from personal, mutual - from indefinite, etc.

Once you have studied and understood the theory, start practicing different types of exercises. The more often you do this, the sooner you will achieve a noticeable result: you will not hesitate to start using English pronouns in your speech.

- such a topic, without which it is impossible and even difficult to explain the simplest English sentence. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study the whole thing a little and reinforce yourself with a couple of new words, or if you already know the basic level of English, you can read something new for yourself.

The author of this article did not want to write a lot about the entire grammar of pronouns in English in order to free your mind from unnecessary classifications and other heresies, so here is the very "meat" that is most often used in English.

Starting from the basics of the English language, let's remember what we knew or did not know, pronouns that answer the question "Who?" There are not so many of them, only 7 pieces.

In graphic format:

Let's analyze a couple of nuances:

• The pronoun "It" replaces all inanimate objects, as well as animals:

Where is the book? It is on the table. - Where is the book? She is on the table.

My cat is very funny. It runs and jumps all day long. - My cat is very funny. He runs and jumps all day.

Important: Do not replace people with the pronoun "It". For third parties, only the pronouns "He", "She" and "They"!

• To the verbs that come after the pronouns "He", "She" and "It", in the present tense we add the ending "-s" or "-es" after the endings -ch, -x, -sh, -ss, -s, -o:

He love s me. - He loves me.

She open s the windows every morning. - She opens the windows every morning.

The dog like s to bark. - This dog likes to bark.

• In English, the pronoun "I - I" is always written with a capital letter.
• The pronoun "You" can be used both to refer to one person, and to refer to a group of people.
• The pronoun "You", when applied in writing, is not capitalized (unless it is at the beginning of a sentence). To express respect for another person, other phrases are used.

All these pronouns in English know how to bend. Namely, they can all answer the question “Whom? To whom? ":

To consolidate, let's take more detailed examples:

• I gave you the key. - I gave you the key.
• They don’t give me to train. - They don't let me train.
• Do you understand me? - You understand me?
• They will not understand us. “They won't understand us.
• I helped them. - I helped them.
• I heard that you have a new notebook. Show it me please. - I heard that you have a new laptop. Please show it to me.

Also, all these 7 basic pronouns can be inflected and answer the question "Whose?" or "Whose?":

For example (for example):

• Will i take your car? - I'll take your car?
• I bought their house yesterday. - I bought their house yesterday.
• She will finish her project tonight. - She will finish her project at night.
• The monkey did it its hands. - The monkey did it with his own hands.
• This is my friends. - These are my friends.

The note; do not confuse “It’s - it is” and its!

And let's summarize everything in the general table:

Analyze this block again. We know that there are 7 basic pronouns in total that can answer the question "Who?", Or the question "Who?" To whom? ", Or to the question" Whose? Whose?". And if you have secured this material well, then we go further.

The pronoun "it" has several important functions in English:

First, we learned that the pronoun "it" is used to replace the names of all objects, animals and any other animate or inanimate phenomena. In short, everything except people!

Secondly, the pronoun "it" means either it is translated as "it". Example:

• It is very interesting - This is very interesting.
• It's Mike. Open the door! - This is Mike. Open the door!
• It's her new style. - This is her new style.
• Who is it? - Who is it?

But in the third, the pronoun "it" is not translated at all, but is used simply to say about the weather, time, state, etc. Example:

• It is frost - frost (outside).
• It is bright day - a wonderful day.
• It will be windy - It will be windy.
• It's 5 o'clock - five hours
• It’s was cool - It was cool.
• It will be very funny - It will be very fun.

In English, our basic pronouns answer the question "Whose?" or "Whose?", can be transformed into an absolute form in order to avoid repetition of the determined object, namely:

Let's graphically represent these pronouns:

Example:

• Did you see my keys? - No, I didn’t. But mine is here. (mine instead of my keys)

Have you seen my keys? - No, but mine are here.

• Your tables are smaller than theirs. (theirs instead of their tables)

Your tables are smaller than theirs.

• Whose car is this? - It's hers. (hers instead of her car)

Whose car is this? - It is her .

Thus, this absolute form frees us from repetition of objects and indicates the owner of these very objects.

And the last important transformation of our basic pronouns is stand-alone pronouns. How, in English, is it correct to say “yourself, yourself, yourself, yourself” and show the independence of your actions? Let's take a look at:

Example:

• I will do it myself - I'll do it myself.
• It subsided itself - It settled by itself.
• She will not do it herself - She will not do it herself.
• Will you call her yourself? - Will you call her yourself?
• You can do it yourselves - you yourself can do it.
• They cope themselves - They can handle themselves

There are pronouns in English that, in combination with the words "thing, one, body, where", form another series of frequently used pronouns. Consider these very pronouns:

• some - some;
• any - any;
• every - everyone;
• no - negative prefix;

All these pronouns, in combination with the above words, generate new words:

In this table, if you've noticed, there are some pitfalls:

1. Combinations with the pronouns some and any are translated the same way, but in the context they are used differently, since “any” means “any”, and “some” means “some”. The pronoun "some" is almost always used in affirmative sentences,and in interrogative or negative sentences - any. For example:

• Is anybody here? - Is anyone here?
• I feel someone was here. - I feel someone was here.
• I didn’t see anybody there. - I didn't see anyone there.

2. Transformations with "-body" and "-one" are synonymous. There is no difference, either you say "everybody" or you say "everyone". Combinations with "-one" are more modern in American English and will therefore be heard more often.

3. Here you could add the word "-time" and get a number of combinations too (sometimes, anytime, everytime, no time). But in American English, only one is used - sometimes (sometimes). For others, there are analogues:

• instead of "no time" - never - never;
• instead of "everytime" - always - always;

It is important that it is not a mistake to use any combination with "-time". It's just that they are rarely used anymore. Moreover, "everytime" is translated rather like "every time", and it is perfect for strengthening the expression:

• You always clean your shoes - You clean your shoes always.
• Everytime you clean your shoes.

There are also frequently used combinations with the pronoun "any":

• anyhow - whatever you like;
• anyway - in any case, however;
• anytime - at any time;

And simple examples with these pronouns:

• Sometimes I feel myself very good - Sometimes I feel very good;
• I know someone of you was in a club yesterday - I know that one of you was in the club yesterday;
• Nobody know about it - Nobody knows about it (in English there can be only one negation in a sentence);
• Call her and tell that I will be somewhere in the center about 8 o'clock - call her and tell her that I will be somewhere in the center at about 8 o'clock;
• Everybody rest now. Come later - Now everyone is resting. Come back later

And now let's quickly go over small pronouns.

Meet the pronoun "each other", translated as "each other". Can be combined with prepositions:

• for each other - for each other;
• with each other - with each other;
• without each other - without each other;
• about each other - about each other;

Example:

• They do it for each other - They do it for each other.
• Will you exchange with each other? - Will you exchange with each other?
• We can’t live without each other - We can’t live without each other.
• Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other - Sometimes they tell funny stories about each other.

In graphic format:

Example:

• I ran this morning - I was running this morning.
• We were there that evening - We were there that evening.
• These books are ours - These books are ours.
• She went there to ask those guys - She went there to ask those guys.

That's all the foundation that should eventually be laid in each of us. The ten-minute habit of forming new English sentences using pronouns every day will dispel fear and make you move up a level in English. Learn a little, practice a lot, and smile more often.

If you have something to add, or you want to ask something on this topic, then do not hesitate - write to us in the comments.

How important are personal pronouns in English? We can safely say that personal pronouns are the basis of any language, and even more so English.

If they were not there, even the most famous phrase I love you (Rus. I love you) could not exist! After all, it already contains two personal pronouns: I - Me and you - you.

The pronoun is one of the most terrifying masks man has invented.

The pronoun is one of the most terrifying man-made masks

Personal pronouns in English have a lot of similarities with Russian pronouns: they also change in gender, number, and even case. But there are also pitfalls to keep in mind when learning personal pronouns on your own.

Today we will tell what are the personal pronouns in English , we will give examples of sentences and reveal all the secrets of their use.

Personal pronouns in English!

Comparative table of personal pronouns in nominative and object case, English language.

As you know from the Russian language course, personal pronouns replace a noun. These can be names of people, places or objects. Basically, personal pronouns are used instead of a noun to avoid repetition and to make speech easier.

We usually add personal pronouns to a sentence when the noun was mentioned earlier, that is, when the reader or listener knows what is being said.

For example:

Liz bought a new car two months ago. She absolutely loves it. (Rus. Liz bought the car two months ago. She's crazy about her)

In the second sentence She absolutely loves it two pronouns are used: personal pronoun she replaces proper name Liz , and the personal pronoun it used instead of a noun car .

Important!

Personal pronouns in English help to avoid repeating the same noun over and over again in the narrative.

The noun that is replaced is called antecedent (eng. antecedent). If you know the antecedent, you can always find the correct personal pronoun that agrees in numbers (singular or plural), persons (first, second or third), gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and cases (nominative, object, ).

The main grammatical features of personal pronouns in English:

English personal pronouns have only one ( I, he, it and others) and plural ( we, they and etc.);

Personal pronouns of the English language change by gender in the 3rd person singular: husband. ( he- he), wives. ( she-on), cf. ( it-it);

• This type of pronouns changes by person: 1st person ( I, we), 2nd person ( you), 3- person ( he, she, it, they)
• Personal pronouns in English have two cases: nominative ( he, she, we, they and others) and object ( me, them, us and etc.).

But first things first. Let's first consider how personal pronouns change in English by persons, genders and numbers in various cases.

Personal Pronouns in English: Nominative

English personal pronouns in the nominative are called Subject Pronouns... Word subject is translated into Russian subject, and in linguistics the term is used Subjective Case (Russian subjective case).

The English subject corresponds to the Russian nominative, which answers the questions who? So what? and acts as a subject in a sentence.

Therefore, English personal pronouns in the nominative case also serve as a subject.

Pronouns I, we (Russian I, we) are the first person singular and plural and are used on behalf of the speakers.

Remember!

Pronoun I (Russian i) is always written with capital letter regardless of the place in the sentence.

Pronoun you is the second person singular and plural and corresponds to the Russian pronouns "you", "you", "you" (polite form). This pronoun is used in relation to the interlocutor or interlocutors.

Pretty a large number of learning English from scratch, trying to use the English pronoun you with a singular verb, but this is wrong. Even when addressing one interlocutor, personal pronoun you always carries the plural characteristic.

Compare:

You are a student (Rus. You are a student.)

You are students (Russian you are students)

Pronouns he, she, it(Russian he. she, it) and they (Russian they) are representatives of the third person singular and plural.

As you probably already know, the verb in the 3rd person is singular. numbers (that is, when used with personal pronouns he, she, it) has a number of features in the formation of sentences in a number of other times.

Let's look at how personal pronouns are used in a sentence with examples.

Examples of sentences with personal pronouns in English with translation

Object case of personal pronouns in English

Object case (eng. Objective Case) in English performs functions similar to those that in Russian perform other cases, except for the nominative.

Therefore, there are quite a few options for translating personal pronouns into Russian in the object case, which you can see in the table.

Table of personal pronouns in the nominative case:

As you can see from the table, we can draw an analogy between pronoun her (object case personal pronoun she) in a sentence I see her with Russian accusative I see (who, what?) her.

Objective English personal pronouns often appear in a sentence as direct or indirect addition .

Compare:

I phoned him to congratulate him. (Rus. I called him to congratulate him), where the pronoun him is a direct addition.

She apologized to me. (Rus. She apologized to me) - where is the pronoun (to) me used with a preposition and is an indirect object

Personal pronouns with prepositions in English

An example of using personal pronouns as a subject, direct and indirect object in English

English personal pronouns in the subjective (nominative) case play the role of a subject in a sentence.

For example:

I like your flowers. - I like your (your) flowers.

They are working in the garden. - They work in the garden.

We go to the cinema. - We're going to the cinema.

But with personal pronouns in the object case, not everything is so simple. Let's consider the main functions in the sentence of object pronouns in English, and with which Russian cases they are more similar.

• Object pronouns in English as direct addition corresponds to the accusative case in Russian (who? what?)

Don't loves me (Rus. He loves me)

Do you know him? (Russian Do you know him?)

I see her everywhere (Rus. I see her everywhere)

• Object pronouns can serve as unsolicited indirect complement and have similarities with the Russian dative case, answering the question to whom? what ?:

He have her the book (Rus. He gave her a book)

Mary told us to choose a dish (Rus. Mary told us to choose a dish)

• Sometimes English object pronouns do role of subject in short remarks, which is typical for spoken language, which is not entirely grammatically correct:

Who did it? - Not me! / Me (Rus. Who did it? - He me! / I)

I am feeling tired - Me too (Rus. I'm very tired. - Me too)

• Combining pronouns with preposition to corresponds to the dative case in Russian (to whom?) and performs the function indirect (indirect) complement:

Show the book to him (Rus. Show the book to him)

I sent a letter to them (Rus. I sent a letter to them)

• Pronoun combination with prepositions by and with corresponds in Russian to the instrumental case (who? what?) and is indirect addition:

This article was translated by her (Rus. This article was translated by her)

I want to go with you (Rus. I want to go with you / with you)

• After the words except (Russian except) and but (except for) you should only use object pronouns:

Nobody but him helped me (Russian. Nobody, except him, helped me.)

Everyone except me went home (Rus. Everyone, except me, went home.)

Personal pronouns in English: sentences with examples

Only I can change my life. No one can do it for me. (Russian. Only I can change my life. Nobody can do it for me).

In this section, we will talk about the generally accepted rules for using personal pronouns in English.

When to use I and me, we and us, he and him, etc.

As we already wrote, English pronouns in the nominative case ( I, you, he, she, it, we, they) play the role of a subject.

They are usually used before the verb to indicate who is performing the action.

For example:

Peter complained to the chef about the meal.(Rus. Peter complained to the chef about the dish.)

She wasn’t very helpful so he spoke to the manager. (Rus. She didn't help much, so he turned to the manager)

In the second sentence of the pronoun she and he indicate who directly performed the action (she did not help, he applied).

Object pronouns ( me, you, him, her, it, us, them) are additions ... In a sentence, they are usually used after a verb or a preposition.

Also, they can be used as short answers, mainly in colloquial speech.

For example:

A: Where’s the knife? I can’t find it (Rus. Where is the knife? I can't find it)

B: It is in the drawer. (Rus. He is in the box)

In the first sentence pronoun it used in the object case, and is the object on which the action is performed (I cannot find it \u003d knife). In the second, the same sentence is pronoun it stands in the nominative case, and is the subject (He \u003d a knife in a box)

Examples of the use of personal pronouns in English

Personal pronouns he, she, it

Personal pronouns he, she, it are representatives of the third person singular, and determine the form of the feminine, masculine and neuter gender.

Now in colloquial speech, you can notice the use of several pronouns, a kind of "neutral form" if the speaker is not sure about a person's belonging to a particular gender, for example: he or she, he / she, s / he, (s) he.

For example:

The bank manager could help with your problem. He or she will probably be able to give you a loan. (Russian bank manager can help you. He or she will probably be able to give you a loan.)

It is necessary to remember some of the peculiarities of the use of the pronoun “it” in English.

Personal pronoun it defines subjects and is often translated as “he / she” in Russian. The English pronoun it denotes not only inanimate objects, but often, even animals.

Pronoun it often used in impersonal sentences when the subject is missing:

evaluates some action, for example: It is important to know this (rus. It is important to know this);

indicates space and time: It is 10 km to the airport (Russian. 10 km to the airport), It is 10 o "clock now. (Russian. It's 10 o'clock now.)

• indicates the weather: It is getting dark (Rus. It gets dark)

Example sentences with pronouns he, she, it

Using it and that, it and this

Many English learners are interested in how sentences like this differ This is a pen from It is a pensince both sentences are translated This is a pen.

Usage difference this and it often they are often underestimated, as many believe that there is no difference and “you will be understood anyway”. But, not everything is so simple ...

Pronoun this

when it points to a person, thing or thing in question or which is nearby or implied, or has been recently mentioned: These are my pens (rus. These are my pens)

• when indicates what is closer or in this moment researched or discussed: This is iron and that is tin. (Rus. This is iron, otherwise it is tin)

Pronoun it used in the following cases:

when identifies an inanimate object: Took a quick look at the house and noticed it was very old (Russian. Looked at the house and noticed that it was old)

refers to a person or animal whose gender is not known or does not matter: I don "t know who it is (Rus. I do not know who it is)

• defines a group of people or objects, or an abstract entity: Beauty is everywhere and it is a source of joy. (Rus. Beauty is everywhere and it is a source of admiration)

Remember!

Definitive pronoun this is used in relation to a person or thing in question, which is implied or which will be discussed below, while personal pronoun it usually refers to an inanimate thing, or is used in relation to a person, thing, idea, etc., taken in a more abstract way.

There are other special uses too pronouns it and that in English.

1.The pronoun this used as a definition and stands before a noun:

This cat is black (Rus. This cat is black).

Pronoun It cannot be used in this function.

2.The pronoun it used in impersonal sentences as a formal subject that is not translated:

It is dark (Rus. Dark).

If in this sentence we use this , there will be no error, but the meaning will change, since now the sentence is not impersonal, but personal, in which this will translate because it replaces the above noun: This is my room and that is yours. This (one) is dark and that (one) is not. (Rus. This is my room, and that is yours. My (this room) is dark, but your (that room) is not)

3.The pronoun it can also be a substitute word for the aforementioned noun and act as a subject, and as an object:

This is a cat. This cat is black \u003d It is black (Rus. This is a cat. This cat is black. \u003d She is black)

I will take this (book) not that (one) (Rus. I buy this book, but not the one). The semantic emphasis on this particular book - this , and not on that - that .

I will take it. (Rus. Buy / Take), semantic emphasis on take - will take

Choice it or this in this case, it depends on what task the speaker faces:

nessesary to use this if you need to point to a specific object in the field of view or to highlight this object against the background of other "distant" objects;

• nessesary to use it , if you need to generalize without transferring the semantic load to the addition, as if we said: "everything that you already know from the previous sentence, so I will not specify."

4 the pronoun it used in amplifying sentences as a formal subject:

Roll call response: It "s me (I) (Russian I / Here / Present)

The answer to the question Who "s there? when you knock on the door: It "s me, Tom! (Russian I / This is me, Tom)

In essence, these sentences are amplifying: It is I who has been called over. It is I, Tom, who has knocked at your door. (Rus. This is me, the one you named. This is me, the one who knocked on the door.) In this function this cannot be used.

Also, one of the differences between the considered pronouns is that this introduces new information (bump), and it – known information (topic), therefore this is always translated and it - not.

Another significant difference thing is word it used in expressions related to time and weather, as well as in some stable expressions, for example:

It's five past twelve (Russian Time is five minutes past one)

It often rains in our region (Rus. It often rains in our region)

It isn’t easy to believe him again (Rus. It's not easy to believe him again)

Using the pronoun they

Pronoun they used to identify people, animals and objects in the plural.

Also, pronoun they refers to institutions, authorities or groups of people in general.

Example sentences with the pronoun they

Special uses of personal pronouns in English

In colloquial speech, the rules for using personal pronouns in English may not be followed. In the picture there is an inscription I do. Me too instead of I do. So do I.

Using personal pronouns in informal colloquial speech

• You and me or you and I?

Sometimes there is a difficult choice between: You and me or you and I? It seems that both options sound familiar and correct. But in fact, one option is correct (and therefore standard), and the second is grammatically incorrect, but still used in informal speech.

To determine the correct option, look at which member of the sentence this combination is: subject or object:

You and I will work tomorrow

(Rus. You and I will work tomorrow)

Now take away you and we get: I will work tomorrow (Russian I will work tomorrow) or Me will work tomorrow (Rus. I will work tomorrow)

The second sentence is incorrect, because the object pronoun me cannot be a subject. However, in informal colloquial speech, one can hear You and me will work tomorrowalthough it is grammatically incorrect.

Another example:

They invited you and I

They invited you and me (Rus. They invited you and me)

Now let's remove the pronoun you :

They invited I (Rus. They invited me)

They invited me (Rus. They invited me)

The second sentence is correct here, because subject pronoun I cannot be a complement.

• Personal pronouns after “Than” and “As”

The correct grammatical form is the use of personal pronouns in the nominative case, followed by an auxiliary verb:

You are taller than I am (Rus. You are higher than me)

I earn as much money as he does

However, quite often just a pronoun in the object case is used, just this variant is considered typical for a colloquial, informal style:

You are taller than me (rus. you are higher than me)

I earn as much money as him (Rus. I make as much money as he does)

• Using personal pronouns in short answers

The object pronoun cannot be a subject in a sentence, however, such use can be found after verb to be in short answers:

Who is there? - (It is) me! (Russian. Who is there? - (This is) me)

Who gave you this? - (It was) him. (Rus. Who gave it to you? - (It was) he)

• "Dropping" the personal pronoun

Sometimes, a personal pronoun next to an auxiliary verb can be omitted in colloquial speech.

Don’t know \u003d I don’t know (Rus. I don't understand \u003d I don't understand)

Just kidding \u003d I am just kidding (Russian. Just kidding \u003d I'm kidding)

Understand? \u003d Do you understand? (Rus. Understood? \u003d Do you understand?)

When are personal pronouns not used?

One of the peculiarities of personal pronouns is that they are not used after infinitive constructions if the subject and object are the same person:

This phone is easy to use (it). (Rus. This phone is easy to use.)

You are easy to understand (you). (Russian. You are easy to understand.)

But, the pronoun should be used if the impersonal pronoun it begins:

It is easy to understand you. (Russian You are easy to understand)

Videos about English Personal Pronouns

If you did not understand something in our article, we recommend watching a video about personal pronouns in English.

Video on Personal Pronouns

Instead of a conclusion:

Pronouns help replace a person or an object, you need to be extremely careful not to confuse them, because this can confuse the listener or completely change the meaning of the sentence.

However, due to the fact that grammatically personal pronouns of English are very similar to Russians, their study and use does not cause serious problems.

We hope that after reading this article, you will easily use personal pronouns in English!

Exercises for personal pronouns in English

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate personal pronoun:

Sample: Who is that woman? Why are you looking at her?

"Do you know that man?" "Yes, I work with _."

Where are the tickets? I can’t find _.

I can "t find my keys. Where are _?

We’re going out. You can come with _.

Margaret likes music. _ plays the piano.

I don’t like dogs. I'm afraid of _.

I "m talking to you. Please listen to _.

Where is Ann? I want to talk to _.

My brother has a new job. He doesn’t like _ very much.

In contact with

Pronounin English, it is a part of speech that can replace (pronouns-nouns) or (pronouns-adjectives). Pronouns are one of the most used words in the language.

There are many pronouns, they are divided into several categories:

Personal pronouns

Designate a face: me, you, she, he, it and others. They are used in two cases: nominative and object.

Ilove my sister. - I AM love my sister.

He is my boss. - He's my boss.

We are the champions. - We are champions.

This is my cat Lucy. - It my cat Lucy.

Someone stole their bikes yesterday. - Someone stole yesterday them bicycles,

You can see our family in the picture. - You can see our the family in this photo.

Is that your opinion? - It your opinion?

Possessive nouns

Noun pronouns are used, as you might guess, instead of. In a sentence, they perform the function, or nominal part of the predicate.

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