Mongolia is very big country, and her name is quite popular. However, the world knows little about the country itself. Most people associate Mongolia with endless plains and steppes. To a large extent this is true, but it does not exhaust the real essence of this exciting Asian country. flourished here great empire Genghis Khan, and some European peoples like the Bulgarians come from the lands of what is now Mongolia.

Geographical location, boundaries and dimensions. Mongolia is located between 41 and 52° north latitude and between 87 and 119° east longitude. The country is located in the eastern part of the continent. It covers an area of ​​1,565,000 sq. km. and is the 18th largest in the world. Despite its huge area, it borders only two states - in the north and in the south. The geographical position of Mongolia is rather peripheral and isolated, and the reason, to some extent, is that the country does not have access to the world ocean. On the other hand it's stormy
The developing economic centers of the continent remain quite distant from its territory.

Relief of Mongolia. Most of Mongolia is located high above sea level. In general, the country is occupied by high mountains and extensive plateaus. The highest point is the Khuiten peak, which rises to an altitude of 4362 m in the Mongolian Altai, near the border with China in the westernmost parts of the country.

Climate of Mongolia. Mongolia falls into. Despite this, however, the local climate is quite harsh with a clearly continental character. Summers are very pleasant. Summer temperatures in the capital Ulaanbaatar usually reach up to 23-25°C. Winters are long and extremely harsh. In January, daytime temperatures are below (-15) °C, and night temperatures reach (-25)-(-30) °C. These values, however, are average. Temperatures can sometimes become much colder because icy cold arctic air masses from Siberia move in unchecked, and Mongolia's altitude, which is 1,000m in most of the country, contributes greatly to the harsh climate. In general, rainfall in Mongolia is extremely poor. In annual terms they vary from 1 to 60-65 millimeters. The driest weather is in the winter months, and the wettest in the summer months. Due to drought and sudden temperature changes, large parts of Mongolia are occupied by deserts.

Waters in Mongolia. Most of Mongolia is water poor. The only exceptions are the high mountainous regions in the northern part of the country, where there are many mountain rivers and lakes. Most of them originate from snow-covered and frozen mountain peaks. In the lower and plateau-like parts of the country, water basins are rare. The largest river in Mongolia is called Selenga and flows to the northeast. The largest lakes in area are Khubsugol and Uvs lakes, both located in the northwest.

Economy of Mongolia. Mongolia has a developing economy. The country is among the poorest on the continent. Most of the population leads a nomadic lifestyle and lives in tents, called yurts. For the country's economic difficulties great importance has its location. Despite having powerful neighbors, Mongolia remains fairly isolated. On the one hand, the economic heart of Russia is located thousands of kilometers in the west, and on the other hand, the economic power of China is concentrated on a completely different part of the country, far from the borders with Mongolia. Poor quality of infrastructure, lack of highways and railways. lines also have a rather unfavorable impact on the state of the local economy. The main source of income for Mongolia is honey, fluoride, textiles and animal skins. The quality of life in the country is quite low compared to most Asian countries.

Population. Despite its huge area, Mongolia has only about 2,700,000 inhabitants. It is one of the most sparsely populated states on the planet. The country's population is extremely unevenly distributed across its territory. About 44% of all residents live in the capital Ulaanbaatar. Most of the capital city's residents live in large and nondescript housing buildings built from panels, which gives the city an overly Soviet look. Large parts of Mongolia are virtually deserted. This applies mainly to the deserts in southern Mongolia. Low population density is also observed in the mountainous parts of the north. The country's population consists of various nationalities, but the largest percentage are Mongols, who make up more than 80%. A large percentage (about 5%) are Kazakhs. In Mongolia they also live a large number of Russians who have remained in these places since the time of the USSR. The official language is Mongolian, and Russian and Chinese are very popular languages ​​in which to communicate with the locals. Religiously, the country's population is relatively homogeneous - most of the local residents are Buddhists.

Tourism in Mongolia - historical past, natural beauty and interesting places

Mongolia's past. Despite the fact that today it is among the poorest countries in Asia, Mongolia is home to an impressive culture, and local people are exceptionally proud of their history. During the time of Genghis Khan, the country expanded its borders with of Eastern Europe(Balkans) to the Pacific Ocean, and from Siberia to the Arabian and South China Seas. At that time, Mongolia was among the greatest states that had ever existed and was definitely the largest in area. Genghis Khan's warriors rode horses, armed with bows and arrows, and spread fear and respect to those who stood before them. The glory of Mongolia was like fireworks - it burned strong and bright, but it did not last long. A little after the country reached its peak, internal conflicts gradually began to destabilize it. Several centuries after reaching its apogee, Mongolia became a victim of the Manchus, who managed to take possession of it. After more than two centuries, Mongolia again became independent state, but only to turn into a communist country a few years later - one of the closest partners of the USSR.

Mongolia today. How can I get to know her better? If you visit Mongolia these days as a tourist, you will be surprised to see how many things have not changed at all over the past 800 years. Many of the local residents, for example, still live in yurts (a type of portable house, like a tent). They usually furnish their portable homes in a traditional manner and still have great respect for horses. Unfortunately, one of the things that changes too little over time is infrastructure. This will be one of the biggest problems if you visit this distant eastern country. There are many
places in Mongolia that have an almost breathtaking nature, and they are literally inaccessible. Despite this, renting a car remains one of the most the best ways get acquainted with this distant country. It would be even more exciting if you could rent a caravan or van that you could travel with. This way you can stop at each place for as long as you want without having to adhere to schedules. You can spend the night in remote and isolated areas and enjoy the peace and tranquility that the secluded expanse of Mongolia offers.

Nature of Mongolia. Mongolia is synonymous with space. Most of the country is occupied by huge mountain ranges and vast plains that extend over large areas. Vegetation in the plains of Mongolia is sparse and consists mainly of herbaceous species. A huge part of these plains is in the south and southeast, while mountains predominate in the northern and western regions. In the northern mountainous parts of the country, the nature is completely different and is significantly similar in its species diversity to the Russian taiga. In these northern regions of Mongolia you will find many beautiful, mostly needle-leaved forests and much more water wealth. Of course, there are forests in other parts of the country, but the northern regions have the greatest forest wealth. Outside the mountain ranges of northern Mongolia, forests are dominated by cold-loving broad-leaved species, such as birch, which can withstand the harsh Mongolian winters.

Animal world exceptionally varied. Among the large predators there is the brown bear, Gray wolf, foxes, etc. Among the herbivores you can see such species as goat, deer, Mongolian gazelle and saiga antelope. Horses and wild ass are emblematic of the country. Of the birds, mention must be made of falcons, which are not only very common in this part of the world, but are also used for hunting and sports competitions. Other birds of prey are also found here, including eagles and hawks. Huge open spaces suggest the presence large number small rodents and hares, which are ideal prey for these birds of prey.

Gobi Desert one of the most impressive natural sites in Asia. It is a classic example of a temperate desert. Summers are warm, even hot, and temperatures often reach up to 40°C. Winters on the other hand are exceptionally harsh with temperatures between (-30) and (-40) °C. Gobi is located in southern parts country and is considered one of the most inhospitable deserts in the world. It is almost uninhabited except
small in number local population who leads a nomadic lifestyle. Much of the desert is rocky, making it virtually uninhabitable.

Lake Khuvsgul located among the beautiful mountain scenery of northern Mongolia. It is located more than 1600 m above sea level. Its surroundings alternate between magnificent pine forests and open rocky and grassy areas.

No less beautiful, but very different, are the surroundings of Lake Uvs. It is located at a lower altitude above sea level - about 760 meters. The lake is surrounded by predominantly dry terrain, where vegetation is rather sparse. What the two lakes have in common is that they are located in an unnaturally beautiful and preserved environment, and the trace of human presence is so small that to the untrained eye of a tourist they will go unnoticed.

Deer stones one of the most significant attractions in the country. They are rocky pieces up to 4.5 meters high. They have carved designs and symbols on them. These stones, jutting out from the desert landscape, have stood in their place for more than 3,000 years. It is assumed that the ancient inhabitants of this land used them in their daily rituals associated with funerals and other significant events that accompany human life. Unfortunately, it is not known who made them, but it is definitely worth seeing them.

When to visit Mongolia? Best time for tourism in Mongolia these are the months of May, June, July, August and September. Then the temperatures in the capital Ulaanbaatar are very pleasant - between 15 and 25°C. May and September are also suitable for tourism in the Gobi Desert. Then the conditions for tourism there are the most acceptable. Otherwise the weather varies from exceptionally cold winter to the unpleasant heat in summer. Still, it’s better to realize that if you go to these harsh lands to take photographs, for example, the only opportunity to find a shadow will be if you take it yourself. The same applies to winter. Then low temperatures and biting winds will make your stay outdoors not particularly pleasant.

What clothes to wear in Mongolia? First of all, it is very important to wear enough sunscreen and quality sunglasses,
since the weather in Mongolia is clear and almost cloudless all year round. In June, July and August it is best to wear light summer clothes during the day and something warmer at night, because temperatures drop below 10°C. In May and September, prepare for spring-like temperatures – mild and pleasant weather during the day (15 – 17°C), but cold at night. From October to April, wear warm winter clothes, in accordance with low, sometimes even extreme temperatures! Don't forget that Ulaanbaatar is the coldest capital on the planet.

Mongolia is an amazing country that amazes tourists with its uniqueness and originality. Located in Central Asia, this country borders only Russia and China and is landlocked. Therefore, the climate of Mongolia is sharply continental. And Ulaanbaatar is considered But still, Mongolia is popular among tourists all over the planet.

General information

Mongolia still preserves its traditions; it has managed to carry its cultural heritage through the centuries. Great Mongol Empire had a huge impact on world history, the famous leader Genghis Khan was born on the territory of this particular country.

Today, this unique place on the planet attracts primarily those who want to take a break from the noise of big cities and usual resorts and immerse themselves in a special world of pristine natural beauty. Geographical location, climate, plants, animals - all this is unusual and unique. High mountains, endless steppes, blue skies, and a unique world of flora and fauna cannot but attract tourists from all over the world to this country.

Geographical position

Mongolia, whose topography and climate are naturally interconnected, combines on its territory the Gobi Desert and such mountain ranges as the Gobi and Mongolian Altai, Khangai. Thus, Mongolia contains both high mountains and vast plains.

The country is located at an average altitude of 1580 meters above sea level. Mongolia is landlocked and shares borders with Russia and China. The area of ​​the country is 1,566,000 square meters. km. The largest rivers flowing in Mongolia are the Selenga, Kerulen, Khalkhin Gol and others. The capital of the state, Ulaanbaatar, has a long and interesting history.

Population of the country

Today, about 3 million people live in the country. The population density is approximately 1.8 people per square meter. m. territory. The population is distributed unevenly; in the capital the population density is very high, but the southern regions and desert areas are less populated.

The ethnic composition of the population is very diverse:

• 82% - Mongols;
• 4% - Kazakhs;
• 2% are Buryats and other nationalities.

There are also Russians and Chinese in the country. Among the religions here, Buddhism predominates. In addition, a small percentage of the population professes Islam, and there are many adherents of Christianity.

Mongolia: climate and its features

This place is called the "land of blue skies" as it is sunny most of the year. Located in the temperate climate zone, Mongolia has a sharply continental climate. This means that it is characterized by sharp changes in temperature and low amounts of precipitation.

The cold but practically snowless winter in Mongolia (temperatures can drop to -45˚C) gives way to spring with its strong gusts of wind, sometimes reaching hurricane force, and then warm and sunny summers. This country is often the site of sandstorms.

If we briefly describe the climate of Mongolia, it is enough to mention large temperature fluctuations even within a day. There are harsh winters, hot summers and increased dry air. The coldest month is January, the warmest is June.

Why is there such a climate in Mongolia?

Sudden temperature changes, dry air and a large number of sunny days make this place special. We can conclude what are the reasons for the sharp continental climate of Mongolia:

• distance from the seas;
• obstacles to the flow of moist air currents from the oceans are the mountain ranges that surround the country;
• the formation of high pressure in combination with low temperature in winter.

Such sharp temperature fluctuations and low rainfall make this country special. Familiarization with the reasons for the sharp continental climate of Mongolia will help to better understand the relationship between the relief, geographical location and the climate of this country.

Seasons

The best time to visit Mongolia is from May to September. Despite the fact that there are many sunny days here, the temperature range is very large across the seasons. The monthly climate of Mongolia has very characteristic features.

Vegetable world

Mongolia, whose climate is sharply continental, has a rich and unusual flora. On its territory there are various natural zones: highlands, taiga belt, forest-steppe and steppe, desert and semi-desert zones.

In Mongolia you can see mountains covered with deciduous, cedar and pine forests. In the valleys they are replaced by deciduous trees (birch, aspen, ash) and shrubs (honeysuckle, bird cherry, wild rosemary and others). In general, forests occupy about 15% of Mongolia's vegetation.

The vegetation cover of the steppes of Mongolia is also very diverse. It includes plants such as feather grass, wheatgrass and others. Saxaul predominates in semi-deserts. This type of vegetation makes up about 30% of the total flora of Mongolia.

Among the medicinal plants, the most common are juniper, celandine, and sea buckthorn.

Animal world

Mongolia is home to several very rare species of mammals, such as the snow leopard, Przewalski's horse, Mongolian kulan, wild camel and many others (about 130 species in total). There are also many (over 450) different species of birds - eagles, owls, hawks. In the desert there are wild cats, gazelle, and saiga, and in the forests there are deer, sable, and roe deer.

Some of them, unfortunately, need protection, as they are in danger of extinction. The Mongolian government is concerned about preserving the existing rich fund of flora and fauna. For this purpose, numerous reserves and national parks were organized here.

This country is unique. Therefore, it attracts many tourists who want to learn more about Mongolia. There are several features that characterize it:

• Mongolia, whose climate is quite harsh, is the country with the coldest capital in the world.
• It has the lowest population density of any country in the world.
• If you translate the name of the capital Ulaanbaatar from, you get the phrase “red hero”.
• Another name for Mongolia is “Land of the Blue Sky”.

Not all tourists heading to these regions know what the climate is like in Mongolia. But even a detailed acquaintance with its features does not frighten lovers of exotic and wild nature.

In the north and with China in the east, south and west. It has no access to the sea. Area - 1,564,116 km².

The state is a participant in some CIS structures as an observer.

The official language is Mongolian, written in Cyrillic. It is spoken by more than 95% of the population. Traditional Mongolian writing is also taught in secondary schools.

Geography

Climate

Mongolia has a sharply continental climate with harsh winters and dry, hot summers. In the capital, the city of Ulaanbaatar, located approximately midway between the mountain ranges of the north-west and the desert arid zone of the south-east of the country, temperatures range from minus 25° C - 35° C in winter, to plus 25° C ÷ 35° C in summer. Ulaanbaatar is one of the coldest winter capitals in the world: the coldest month is January. The warmest month is July.

If in the north-west 250-510 mm of precipitation falls annually, then in Ulaanbaatar it is only 230-250 mm, and even less precipitation falls in the Gobi desert region.

It is often cold in the mountainous regions, north and west of the country. Much of the country is hot in summer and very cold in winter, with January averages dropping to −30 °C (−22.0 °F).

Terrain

Mongolia has an area of ​​1,564,116 km² (18th in the world, after Iran) and is mainly a plateau, elevated to an altitude of 900-1500 m above sea level. A series of mountain ranges and ridges rise above this plateau. The highest of them is the Mongolian Altai, which stretches in the west and southwest of the country for a distance of 900 km. Its continuation are lower ridges that do not form a single massif, collectively called the Gobi Altai.

Along the border with Siberia in the north-west of Mongolia there are several ranges that do not form a single massif: Khan Huhei, Ulan Taiga, Eastern Sayan, in the north-east - the Khentei mountain range, in the central part of Mongolia - the Khangai massif, which is divided into several independent ranges.

To the east and south of Ulaanbaatar towards the border with China, the height of the Mongolian plateau gradually decreases, and it turns into plains - flat and level in the east, hilly in the south. The south, southwest and southeast of Mongolia are occupied by the Gobi Desert, which continues into north-central China. In terms of landscape features, the Gobi desert is by no means homogeneous; it consists of areas of sandy, rocky, covered with small fragments of stones, flat for many kilometers and hilly, different in color - the Mongols especially distinguish the Yellow, Red and Black Gobi. Land-based water sources are very rare here, but groundwater levels are high.

The rivers of Mongolia are born in the mountains. Most of them are the headwaters of the great rivers of Siberia and Far East, carrying their waters towards the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. The largest rivers in the country are the Selenga (within the borders of Mongolia - 600 km), Kerulen (1100 km), Tesiin-Gol (568 km), Onon (300 km), Khalkhin-Gol, Kobdo, etc. The deepest is the Selenga. It originates from one of the Khangai ridges and receives several large tributaries - Orkhon, Khanui-gol, Chulutyn-gol, Delger-Muren, etc. Its flow speed is from 1.5 to 3 m per second. In any weather, its fast, cold waters, flowing in the clay-sandy shores, and therefore always muddy, have a dark gray color. The Selenga freezes for six months, the average ice thickness is from 1 to 1.5 m. It has two floods a year: spring (snow) and summer (rain). Average depth at the lowest water level - at least 2 m. Having left Mongolia, the Selenga flows through the territory of Buryatia and flows into Baikal.

Geographical position

Mongolia is the most remote country in the world from the ocean, located in the northern part of Central Asia. The total area is 1564.1 thousand square meters. km, which is four times the territory of France, ranks 21st in the world by this indicator. It borders with the Russian Federation in the north (3543 km) and the People's Republic of China in the south (4677 km); the total length of the border is 8220 km.

Natural and climatic conditions

Relief. Mongolia is a country of mountains and high plains, located high above sea level. The average absolute altitude of the territory is 1600m. Mountains occupy more than 40% of Mongolia's total area. In the west and southwest there are the mountain systems of the Mongolian and Gobi Altai with the highest point of the country - the city of Munkh-Khairkhan-Ula (4374 m). In the north are the Khangai Highlands (up to 3905 m) and the Khentei Mountains (up to 2800 m).

In the north of the country lies the deep lake Khubsugol. The mountains of the Khubsugul region, which belong to the Eastern Sayan system, are very picturesque, which is why this area is called “Mongolian Switzerland”. In the west, between Altai and the Khangai Plateau, there is a vast depression - the Great Lakes Basin. It contains six large lakes at altitudes from 760 to 1150 m.

The southern and southeastern third of the country is occupied by the Mongolian Gobi, a high (700-1200 m) plain, which is sometimes called a plateau. The Gobi landscapes are varied and beautiful. Shallow, fresh groundwater feeds many springs and small lakes, making the Gobi suitable for livestock grazing all year round.

Rivers, lakes. A dense river network is typical only for mountainous regions. In Khentei there is a watershed between the Pacific and Arctic oceans. Onon and Kerulen belong to the Amur basin, and the Selenga with its tributary Orkhon flows into Baikal. Mongolia is rich in lakes. The largest is the salt lake Uvsu-Nur. Lakes Khara-Us-Nur, Khara-Nur and Airag-Nur are freshwater. The deepest lake, Khubsugul (up to 238 m), contains 2% of the world's fresh water reserves.

The climate is temperate and sharply continental. In general, there is little precipitation, it falls mainly in July-August, when cyclones pass over the country. The western and northern slopes of the mountains receive the greatest amount of precipitation: in the Mongolian Altai - up to 500 mm/year. To the east their number decreases. The Gobi receives only 100-200 mm/year. In winter, a powerful anticyclone forms, during which clear, sunny and very cold weather sets in. Thanks to little or no snow winters in Mongolia, it is possible to graze livestock all year round; only in some years, due to heavier snow cover or icy conditions, lack of food and loss of livestock occur. January temperatures range from -15 °C in the south to -30 °C in the north. Summer is warm, average July temperatures are +15 °C and +25-30 °C in the Gobi.

Natural areas. The global watershed divides Mongolia into two regions that are different in nature - the northern, which, according to natural conditions, is a continuation of the Eastern Siberian landscapes, and the southern, which belongs to the desert and semi-desert regions of Central Asia. Thus, the change of natural zones occurs from north to south. Steppes predominate, in the north there are forest-steppe and coniferous forests in the mountains in places, and semi-deserts and deserts in the south. The most widespread are various chestnut soils, which make up almost 60% of all soils in the country and are characteristic of the steppe and forest-steppe zones. For semi-desert and desert zones - low-humus soils.

Fauna and flora and protected areas. Plants of several thousand species are found on the territory of Mongolia; over 500 species are valuable medicinal raw materials. There are about 130 species of mammals, over 360 species of birds, 70 species of fish. Many species are rare. The country has created an extensive system of protected areas (42 objects, 12% of the area). Among them is the largest Great Gobi Biosphere Reserve in Asia.

Resource potential

Mongolia has rich reserves of resources. There are more than 800 deposits of 80 types of minerals, of which almost 600, where there are more than 8,000 ore outcrops, including gold, copper and molybdenum, lead, tin, tungsten, iron, uranium, silver, talc magnesite, mica, alabaster, asbestos , graphite, bitumen, nitrate, phosphorites, fluorspar, semi-precious stones, crystal, building materials. It should be noted that Mongolia has the largest copper deposit in Asia. 160 deposits of hard and brown coal have been identified in the depths of Mongolia. Large coal deposits are being developed. Table salt and Glauber's salt are mined in the lakes. At 70% of deposits, exploration and evaluation of mineral reserves are underway.

Ecological problems

Most acute ecological problems– these are limited stocks drinking water, severe air pollution in Ulaanbaatar. It is also worth noting such problems as deforestation, overgrazing of pastures by livestock, soil erosion, desertification, and the mining industry has a destructive effect on the environment.

However, overall, Mongolia has a clean ecological environment, compared to many other countries. In the minds of modern Mongols, a caring attitude towards nature and concern about environmental aspects are deeply rooted, especially in connection with the increasing technogenic impact on environment. For environmental reasons, the country limits the plowing of land, the development of certain deposits (in particular, phosphorite deposits in the area of ​​Lake Khubsugul), and the drilling of oil wells.

Mongolia and China share a long common border. Does this mean that the nature and landscape of both countries are similar? How does it differ in natural features Mongolia from China?

Facts about the natural features of Mongolia

The main part of the landscape of Mongolia is mountains, as well as plateaus. These are Altai, Khangai, Khentei, the mountains of Southern Siberia. It can be noted that in the country there are no objects located at an altitude lower than 518 m above sea level. The most high point landscape of Mongolia - Mount Nairamdal. Its height is 4374 m.

The nature of Mongolia is represented by relatively small but diverse vegetation zones. In the northern part of the country there are taiga forests, to the south there are forest-steppes and steppes, and even further south there are semi-deserts. In the very south there are deserts, of which the largest is the Gobi. Its landscape is heterogeneous: it has sandy, rocky areas, hilly and flat areas.

The main rivers of Mongolia are the Selenga, Kerulen, and Onon. Many of them begin in the mountains and flow north into Russia. Thus, the Selenga River flows into Baikal. Mongolia has a large number of lakes, both permanent and temporary, appearing mainly during the rainy season.

The fauna of Mongolia is represented by a wide species diversity of mammals (138 species), birds (436 species), amphibians, reptiles, insects (about 13 thousand species), fish, and invertebrates. The main inhabitants of the forests of Mongolia are sable, elk, deer, roe deer, and lynx. Wolves, foxes live in the steppes, different kinds ungulates The inhabitants of the deserts of Mongolia are camels, wild cats. Typical inhabitants of the Mongolian mountains are leopards and rams.

Facts about natural features of China

Among the most characteristic features nature of China - the widest variety of flora. It is formed by more than 27 thousand plant species. More - only in the nature of Malaysia and Brazil. A significant number of Chinese plants are represented the oldest species- such as cryptomeria, keteleeria, ephedra. On the territory of the People's Republic of China there are families of the world's flora, distributed across the temperate, subtropical and tropical zones. There are steppes and forest-steppes in the PRC, which are actively used by Chinese farmers as pastures.

To the northwest of the Helanshan mountain range there are desert areas extending to the Kunlun and Tien Shan mountains. In that part of China the unique Tarim River flows: its peculiarity is that it flows into two lakes - Lop Nor and Karaburankel.

The largest rivers in China - the Yangtze and Yellow River - flow, respectively, in the central and northern parts of the PRC. The Yellow River is notable for the fact that its bed flows slightly higher than the surrounding landscape. This is due to the frequent construction of dams around it - this is how the Chinese protected themselves from floods.

The most recognizable attributes of China's nature include the famous rice fields located in the southern part of the state. In the Southeast, plantations of Chinese camellia grow - in fact, tea known throughout the world.

In the southwest of China there are huge massifs of the Tibetan Mountains. To the south of them are the Himalayas. On the border of China and Nepal is the highest mountain in the world - Chomolungma, in European - Everest. The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers originate in these areas. They flow, carrying their waters through many thousands of kilometers, into the East China Sea and the South China Sea.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the beautiful Chinese island Hainan. It is located in the South China Sea. The nature here is tropical, and this gives the island's residents the opportunity to grow the most heat-loving fruits - coconuts and citrus fruits. Hainan has magnificent sandy beaches that travelers enjoy visiting.

As with fauna, animal world China is extremely diverse. China is home to 2,091 species of vertebrates, or about 10% of all living on Earth. Some of the animals live only in China - for example, long-eared pheasant, takin, crowned crane, golden monkey. There are also quite rare species in China - for example, the river dolphin.

Comparison by natural features

The main difference, probably, in the natural features of Mongolia from China is the smaller variety of landscape types, climatic zones, plant and animal species in the first state. There is practically no tropical zone in Mongolia. But in many aspects, the natural features of Mongolia and China are very similar: both countries have steppes and significant mountainous areas.

Mongolia directly borders the PRC, and therefore, obviously, the natural features of both countries in terms of the landscape and vegetation of the border areas have quite a lot in common. These spaces are represented by desert - if we talk about the south of Mongolia and the northern part of central China, mountain ranges - in the west of Mongolia and in the Xinjiang-Uyghur region of the People's Republic of China. The fauna of Mongolia and China in their respective territories is also very similar.

So, we have determined the difference between Mongolia and China in terms of natural features in the main aspects. Let us record the conclusions in a small table.

Table