The history of the Russian people is rich in interesting, significant events that become significant milestones in the development of society. If the pages of this story are reflected in art - in music, then their impact on minds and souls younger generation stronger, and the connection with the present is stronger. In this historical past are the origins of social and cultural life every nation. It is impossible to fully comprehend

least modernity without recourse to historical experience people.

Goal: to reveal the theme of defense of the Fatherland in Russian music of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Research objectives:

Identify examples of the theme of defending the Fatherland in songs. (in music lessons)

Consider examples of the theme of defense of the Fatherland in vocal music.

Explore examples of displaying the theme of defense of the Fatherland in instrumental works.

Practical significance.

This work can be used in world lessons artistic culture, art, in music lessons at school, as well as for preparing extracurricular activities.

The theme of the entire quarter in the subject “Music at School” can be “Eroics in Music”. (2 lessons - heroic images in songs; 2 lessons - in vocal works of large form; 2 lessons - in instrumental music).

As a result, to summarize the material studied, you can organize a final event in the form of an extracurricular hour, a mini-concert dedicated to February 23, May 9.

Displaying the theme of defense of the Fatherland in the songs of the Great Patriotic War

Lesson 1 (intro) AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

presentation

Pictures

audio recording "three tankmen"

During the war, the song was loved and appreciated. “In the night the song is light, in the heat it’s shadow, in the cold it’s a padded jacket,” says folk proverb, folded over these years. At that time, many songs were heard at the front and in the rear to help fight against fascism. Among them were many ancient folk songs that have gained new life in this terrible time. During these years, songs created before the war also continued to be sung with old or updated lyrics. But no matter how good they were, no matter how they were remade in a new way, the terrible wartime still demanded its songs, and they began to appear. Thus began the creation of the “song chronicle” of the Great Patriotic War.

(Using the example of the song "Three Tankers")

"Three tankmen." (description - history)

The year was 1938. The Nazis occupied Austria, and Far East Japan, having captured Central China and Manchuria, made a test provocative attack on the border of our Motherland. This attack, as you know, ended sadly for the samurai. Soviet tank crews defeated and completely destroyed several Japanese divisions. One of these tanker heroes, a participant in the famous battle of Lake Khasan, was conceived as the main character of the funny musical comedy film "Tractor Drivers". It was decided to start the film with a song. The director (Ivan Pyryev) invited the poet Boris Laskin to his place and told him that he needed a song that would reflect the theme of the feat of the glorious tank heroes who took part in the battles on Khasan.

(The plus is that at the same time there is an acquaintance with songs, with history, with directors of that time, with composers)

“I never had to be on the border, I did not see the combat operations of our tank crews, although by that time I had already served in the army and therefore I had a certain idea about this formidable branch of the military,” recalled Boris Laskin. And the lines began to take shape:

On the border the clouds move gloomily,

The harsh land is enveloped in silence.

On the high banks of the Amur

The sentries of the Motherland stand..."

WITH ready-made text Laskin went to the Pokrass brothers (composers and songwriters of that time (portrait picture). “It’s hard to believe,” he later said, “but the song was ready in 30-40 minutes.” Playful, fiery and very melodic, it became the leitmotif of the picture. During the days of the Great Patriotic War, there were many alterations and variations of this wonderful pre-war song at the front:

Tell me, my friend song, more than one fascist viper

How to fight the black horde, tamed by the power of fire

Three tankers, three cheerful friends, Three tankmen - three merry friends,

The crew of the combat vehicle. The crew of the combat vehicle.

After telling and listening to the song, the teacher invites the children to start learning it. The text of the song is projected on the interactive board, and the text is also presented to the students at each desk.

(It is best to learn the song “Three Tankmen” with a button accordion. Subsequently, you can choose three soloists, this can serve as a source of motivation for students.)

Lesson 2 (using the example of the song "Katyusha")

"Katyusha". The poet Mikhail Isakovsky wrote the song "Katyusha" in Moscow, but conceived it in native land, in a small village on the banks of the Ugra River, which flows in the Smolensk region. And when the hand wrote the line “Katyusha came ashore,” Mikhail Vasilyevich saw his dear little Ugra. Soon the composer Matvey Blanter wrote the melody.

During the war, every soldier who sang "Katyusha" felt as if a call was addressed to him personally to save native land. An amazing incident happened with the song during the war on the front line of defense. The Germans who were in the trench started the gramophone, and the song “Katyusha” began to play. Our soldiers were in a daze for some time. As if teasing them, the Germans started the song a second time.

Brothers! - the young soldier suddenly cried out. - But this is our “Katyusha” captured by the Germans!

That won't happen! - exclaimed another, and several soldiers rushed to attack the enemy trench. The Germans did not have time to come to their senses when, in a short battle, our soldiers captured a gramophone with a record and returned safely. Now “Katyusha” sounded from our trench.

(Ask students the question: “Do you know who or what is named “Katyusha” besides the name of the song and, of course, besides the name?”, tell about military weapons).

Soon the Germans met another "Katyusha". Only this time it was “executed” by rocket-propelled mortars mounted on vehicles. This formidable weapon, which instilled fear in enemies, was nicknamed by the artillerymen by its affectionate maiden name.

defender of the fatherland song musical

Many wartime songs are epic narratives or ballads about heroes, stories about their exploits. The best of them are dedicated to sailors and partisans.

Displaying the theme of defense of the Fatherland in large-form vocal works

Lesson 3 (portrait of the composer M.I. Glinka, Ivan Susanin)

Brief biography of the composer

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was born on May 20, 1804 in Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. M. Glinka began playing the piano at the age of ten. From 1817 he studied at the Noble boarding school at the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg. After graduating from boarding school, he devoted all his time to music. It was then that the first works were created. Sought to expand everyday genre music. After traveling to the Caucasus, he goes to Italy and Germany. Influenced Italian composers Bellini, Donizetti changes his musical style. In Berlin, work was carried out on polyphony, composition, instrumental music. Returning to Russia, Glinka worked diligently on the national opera “Ivan Susanin”. The next opera is “Ruslan and Lyudmila” in 1842. Many works were written during trips abroad. Since 1851, he taught singing in St. Petersburg, and classical music was formed under his influence. Having left for Berlin in 1856, Glinka died there in February 1857. There are about 20 songs and romances by Glinka, also 6 symphonic works, chamber instrumental, 2 operas. The Glinka Museum is located in Novospasskoye village. (using the example of the choir "Slavya")

Tsydypov Yaroslav

Many works have been created about exploits, about valor, about the glory of the defenders of the Fatherland. various types arts (literature, painting, music, folk art, cinema, theater). In this work, the student tried to trace how literature and music take different paths to create the image of the defender of the Fatherland and his glorification. The project was completed for the republican competition of research and creative works of students “New Facets of Musical Art” and was presented in the nomination: “Synthesis of Literature and Music.” The student took 2nd place with his work.

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Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Belarus

Municipal autonomous educational institution

"Average comprehensive school No. 43 Ulan-Ude"

Republican competition of research and creative works of students

"New Facets of Musical Art"

Nomination: “Synthesis of Literature and Music”

Topic: “The image of the defender of the Fatherland in music and literature”

6th grade student of secondary school No. 43

Head: Tsydypova Yu.V.

Ulan-Ude

2012

Introduction

Main part

§ 1 The image of the defender of the Fatherland in epics.

Chapter I I. The image of the defender of the Fatherland in music.

§ 1

§ 2. The image of the defender of the Fatherland in musical art during the Great Patriotic War.

§ 3 The image of the defender of the Fatherland in the soldiers' songs of Afghanistan and Chechnya.

Conclusion

List of used literature

Application

Introduction

The word “Fatherland” has the same root as the words “father”, “father’s house”, “father’s land”, “Fatherland”. This means that the Fatherland is our Motherland, the country in which we live. And the one who defends our Motherland is the defender of the Fatherland.

Many works have been created in various forms of art (literature, painting, music, folk art, cinema, theater) about the exploits, about valor, about the glory of the defenders of the Fatherland. They glorify the greatness and beauty, strength and power, nobility, kindness and spiritual wealth of the Russian person. Ancient epics have survived to this day, praising the courage of Russian knights and heroes, cantatas of the Peter the Great era, battles, historical paintings artists of the 19th-20th centuries, soldiers' songs that instilled in soldiers confidence in their abilities and hope for success in battles.

Russian composers, artists, writers and poets constantly turn to the theme of defending the Motherland in their work. The images of Ivan Susanin, Alexander Nevsky, heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812, the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 are vividly and truthfully depicted in various works of art. Thus, the defender of the Fatherland is one of the main images in art. All of the above proves the relevance of our work.

What kind of defender of the Fatherland is he? What image of the defender was created, captured in the art of words and in the visual arts? Getting acquainted with the image of the defender of the Fatherland through various types of arts becamethe purpose of my work.

The following were supplied tasks : get acquainted with various works in which the hero is a defender of the fatherland; show how music, fine art and literature take different paths to create the image of a defender of the Fatherland.

Object research of my work became the image of a defender of the Fatherland, and subject – study of the image of the protector in musical, literary and visual works.

When writing the work, I studied a lot of literature: monographs, magazine articles, works of music, literature and painting, and used Internet resources.

In my opinion, our work will be of interest to a wide range of readers.

Chapter I. The image of the defender of the Fatherland in literature.

§ 1 The image of the defender of the Fatherland in epics.

Who does not respect his kinship,

he humiliates himself.

And who is ashamed of his ancestors,

he will be put to shame through this.

Centuries, replacing each other, go by

Heroes live in ancient epics.

More than once they defended Rus' from enemies,

They shed their blood more than once for their land.

Since then, many generations have changed,

But the memory of them was preserved in Rus'.

What kind of Russian hero is he? How is he depicted in verbal folk art (epics)?

Ozhegov’s dictionary gives the following definition: “A hero is a hero of Russian epics who performs military feats.”

The main characters of the epics are heroes - brave and noble warriors who fight both mythical monsters and the enemies of their country. Most of the epics are dedicated to three heroes - Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich, Dobrynya Nikitich.

Glorifying the heroes, the defenders of the Motherland, the epics called for feats for the glory of the Fatherland, raised the spirit of the people in difficult years for the country, and instilled courage in people. And the famous hero, Ilya Muromets, whom the Russian army considers its patron, is the personification of all the best in the Russian people: a huge physical strength it is combined with greater strength inner and greatness of his spirit, reluctance to kill, but only to defend and protect the Russian land. Such a hero can unite everyone living in Russia, everyone who loves their country.

This is what the epic “Ilya Muromets and Idolishche” says about Ilya: “A great misfortune has approached Kyiv-grad: the Basurman army, the army of the Tatar Khan Idolishche, has approached it. Idolishche heard that the hero Ilya Muromets was not in Kyiv - and he became bolder. He called a scribe and ordered Prince Vladimir to write a letter:

“Get out, prince, from your choir. I'm going to Kyiv. I will take the city, destroy the churches, and send you to the kitchen. Will you cook dinner for me? As I wrote, so I did. Idolishche attacked Kyiv, occupied the princely chambers, and sent Prince Vladimir to work in the kitchen. Vladimir cries, but cannot fight the Idol: without the heroes he has no strength of his own.

And Ilya Muromets in parental home lives. He sensed from afar that trouble had befallen Kiev. He mounted his good horse and went to see if his native land needed his help...”

The image of a Russian epic hero captured not only in the art of words, but also in the visual arts. The artist V.M. Vasnetsov painted a picture, which he called simply and briefly “Bogatyrs”. It was no coincidence that the artist depicted exactly three heroes. The number three, in ancient times, had the meaning of plurality. The three heroes represent the entire people who stand guard over the Motherland. (see Attachment).

§ 2 The image of the defender of the Fatherland in “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.”

In the spring of 1185, a small army of the Novgorod-Seversk prince Igor Svyatoslavich and his few allies moved in the vast, endless wild steppe. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” names the following reason: Prince Igor “led his brave regiments to the Polovtsian land for the Russian land.” (see Attachment)

The image of the defender of the Motherland in “The Lay...” has several guises. Essentially all men bred as characters of this heroic poem (Vsevolod, Igor, Svyatoslav, the author), are defenders of Rus' and patriots. But they understand their tasks differently.

Vsevolod , the brother of Prince Igor, who took part in the campaign and supported his brother, is not accidentally called “buitur” in the poem. He believes that defending his homeland is his duty and the duty of any Russian prince. Feats of arms are his element, he is a real defender of his Motherland, physically strong, strong-willed and the consciousness of his rightness: after all, he is always ready to fight on the side of his family against the hated Polovtsians: “Saddle, brother, your greyhound horses - mine have been standing ready for a long time at Kursk.” Matching him is his squad, which he cares about and is very proud of: “And my Kuryans are an experienced squad... they themselves gallop like gray wolves in a field, seeking honor for themselves, and glory for the prince.” He is a good warrior, a true defender of the Russian land. Wherever he gallops in battle, “the filthy Polovtsian heads lie there.” He dies as a true warrior and defender of his land - in battle, under the onslaught of the Polovtsian hordes: “Here the brothers were separated on the shore of the fast Kayala...”

The initiator of the campaign against the Polovtsians, PrinceIgor Svyatoslavichdepicted slightly differently. He understands his duty as a defender not only in the literal physical sense - with a sword in his hands to defend his lands from enemies, but also in a more general way. You can secure Rus' from raids not only by protecting your home and principality from enemies, but also by winning a victory in a “wild field”, far from home, so that the Polovtsians not only hate, but also fear the Russians. This image is depicted in the poem as a defender of the entire Russian land.

Leading his regiments to the Polovtsian land for the Russian land, Igor, unlike his brother, no longer thinks about a good fight, but thinks more generally when he says to his squad: “It is better to fall in battle than to completely surrender.” But it was he, wounded in the arm, who was destined to be captured and escape from there; it was his return that the entire Russian land would welcome: “Countries are happy, cities are cheerful.” In addition to the qualities of a defender of the Motherland and a brave warrior, he is shown in the work as a person with a strong will and national pride.

A different view on the protection of Russian land from the very author works. Talking about the grief that befell the Russian land after the death of Vsevolod and the capture of Igor, showing the results of the battle in which “there was not enough blood wine; here the brave Russians ended the feast: they gave the matchmakers drink, and they themselves died for the Russian land,” he mourns along with all people and nature: “The grass will droop with pity, the trees bowed to the ground in grief.” But realistically assessing the events that happened in 1185, speaking about the nobility of Igor, who did not leave his brother to die and, according to the chronicle, ordered his squad to dismount so that the “black people” who came with him, that is, the peasants, fought on equal terms with his warriors conditions, the author places the blame for what happened on Prince Igor and his relatives, believes that their attempts to stand out and seek glory for themselves are costly to the Motherland, which the princes must defend: “And the princes forge sedition on themselves, and the filthy ones raid Russian soil with victories , taking tribute per squirrel from the yard.” Here it is, the look of a true patriot, defender of the Fatherland, unclouded by any property or dynastic strife!

The oldest and wisest defender of the Russian state Svyatoslav believes that the Polovtsians are not as terrible for Rus' as the willfulness of the princes and feudal civil strife, which tore the Russian land into weak and defenseless pieces, easy prey for everyone who wants to expand their lands and fill their wallets at Russian expense. Addressing by name all his children and relatives, the Prince of Kiev exclaims, following the author of “The Lay...”: “With your sedition, you began to bring filth to the Russian land, to the property of Vseslavovo. Because of the strife, there was violence from the Polovtsian land.” He demands from all these people that they remember the previous deeds of their ancestors in protecting the Russian principalities, that they be worthy of the glory of their fathers, so that the Russian people really feel under reliable protection and can sincerely proclaim “glory” to the princes, which, according to tradition, ends the text of “Words ... ":" Hello princes and squad, having suffered for Christians on filthy regiments."

§ 3 The image of the defender of the Fatherland in A.T. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin”.

A.T. Tvardovsky throughout the Great Patriotic War he worked in the front-line press, and throughout the entire war period his most outstanding and popularly beloved poem was created"Vasily Terkin" (1941 – 1945).

During the war with the Nazis, the image of a simple soldier Vasily Terkin acquires deeper content and the scope of artistic generalization to the image of a defender of the Fatherland.

The reader's first acquaintance with the hero occurs in the chapter "At a halt." Already here we see Terkin as a sociable person, an interesting storyteller, an experienced “warrior” who is “one of our own” in the regiment.

The second chapter, “Before the Battle,” which describes the period of retreat of the Russian army, reveals such qualities of Tvardovsky’s hero as cheerfulness, fortitude, and unshakable confidence in victory:

The soldiers followed us,

Leaving the captive region.

I'll have one political conversation

Repeated:

- Cheer up.

Let's not go too far, let's break through

We will live - we will not die,

The time will come, we'll come back,

We will return everything that we gave.

The third chapter of the poem “Crossing” demonstrates the courage and heroism of Terkin, who crosses the river to convey an important report to the commander. We see the hero adequately overcoming difficulties, not losing his presence of mind in a moment of danger, philosophically perceiving the possibility of death:

Crossing, crossing!

Left bank, right bank.

The snow is rough, the edge of ice...

To whom is memory, to whom is glory,

Who wants dark water?

No sign, no trace.

Subsequent chapters add individual touches to the image. We note resilience, heroism, love of life (“Terkin is wounded,” “Death and the Warrior”), we see restraint, modesty (“About the Reward”), resourcefulness (“Who Shot?”), the ability to have fun and rejoice (“Harmon” ). So we see that main character poem - a simple Russian man, an ordinary soldier, a true defender of his Motherland, whose courage, fortitude, liveliness of mind and sparkling sense of humor cannot but arouse the sympathy of the reader. This explains the enormous popularity among the people of the image of Vasily Terkin.

Chapter I I The image of the defender of the Fatherland in music.

§ 1 The image of the defender of the Patronymic in Russian classical music.

Not only the lives of holy warriors, chronicles, epics, poetry, icons, but also works of Russian musical culture tell about the exploits of the defenders of the Fatherland. So famous Russian composer S.S. Prokofiev wrote musical composition- cantata"Alexander Nevskiy".It tells the story of the battle of the Russian people under the leadership of the Grand Duke through music and poetry.

Get up, Russian people,

To the death, the last battle!

Native in Rus', big in Rus'

No enemy!

Get up, get up,

Dear Mother Rus'!

“Life for the Tsar” (“Ivan Susanin”)- opera by M.I. Glinka in 4 acts with an epilogue. The opera tells about the events of 1612 associated with the campaign of the Polish gentry against Moscow. The feat of the peasant Ivan Susanin, who led an enemy detachment of Poles into an impenetrable thicket and died with them, was often used by writers. In 1815 in St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater The premiere of Katerino Kavos's opera “Ivan Susanin” took place. The author of the libretto was Alexander Shakhovskoy. The opera was written in the style of the French "opera comic" - the dialogues took up almost as much space as the music. In it, Susanin remained alive.

More than two decades later, Glinka took on the same plot, striving to create a Russian national opera. According to the memoirs of the composer's friends, back in 1832 he outlined a detailed plan for a five-act patriotic opera and played the melodies of future arias and ensembles. Glinka intended to write an opera based on the story “Maryina Roshcha” by Vasily Zhukovsky, but the poet proposed a different theme - the theme of the feat of the Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin.

Thus, in Russian classical music there are many patriotic works that reveal the image of the defender of the Fatherland from different sides

§ 2. The image of the defender of the Fatherland in musical art during the Great Patriotic War.

During the Great Patriotic War, interest in real art did not wane. Dramatic and musical theaters, philharmonic societies and concert groups contributed to the common cause of fighting the enemy. Front-line theaters and concert brigades were extremely popular. Risking their lives, these people proved with their performances that the beauty of art is alive and cannot be killed. These people, by their example, inspired soldiers to heroic deeds.

But the very image of the Russian soldier - the defender of the Motherland - did not go unnoticed. A good song has always been a fighter's faithful assistant. He rested with a song in the short hours of calm, remembering his family and friends. Many front-line soldiers still remember the battered trench gramophone, on which they listened to their favorite songs to the accompaniment of artillery cannonade. A participant in the Great Patriotic War, writer Yuri Yakovlev writes: “When I hear a song about a blue handkerchief, I am immediately transported to a cramped front-line dugout. We are sitting on the bunks, the meager light of the smokehouse is flickering, the wood is crackling in the stove, and there is a gramophone on the table. And the song sounds, so dear, so understandable and so tightly fused with dramatic days war. “A modest blue handkerchief fell from drooping shoulders...”

The history of the creation of one of the most interesting famous songs Great Patriotic War. On June 24, 1941, the newspapers Izvestia and Krasnaya Zvezda published a poemV. I. Lebedeva-Kumacha, which began with the words: “Get up, huge country, get up for mortal combat...”

The poem was read in the newspaper by the head of the Red Banner Song and Dance Ensemble of the Red Army, A. V. Alexandrov. It made such a strong impression on him that he immediately sat down at the piano. The next day, coming to rehearsal, the composer announced:

– We’ll learn a new song –"Holy war".

He wrote the words and notes of the song with chalk on a slate board - there was no time to type! - and the singers and musicians copied them into their notebooks. Another day for rehearsal with the orchestra, and in the evening - the premiere at the Belorussky railway station, the junction point from which in those days combat echelons departed for the front.

Immediately after an intense rehearsal, the ensemble group went to the Belorussky railway station to perform for the soldiers leaving for the front line. From the very first bars, the song captured the fighters. And when the second verse sounded, there was absolute silence in the hall. Everyone stood up, as if during the anthem. Tears are visible on the stern faces, and this excitement is transmitted to the performers. They all also have tears in their eyes... The song died down, but the fighters demanded a repetition. Again and again - five times in a row! – the ensemble sang “Holy War”.

Thus began the song's journey, a glorious and long journey. From that day on, “Holy War” was adopted by our army and all the people, and became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War. It was sung everywhere - at the forefront, in partisan detachments, in the rear, where weapons for victory were forged. Every morning after the striking of the Kremlin chimes, it sounded on the radio.

Everyone knows the song“In the dugout” (music by K. Listov, lyrics by A. Surkov), but not everyone knows how it appeared.. In the beginning there were poems that the author did not intend to publish and certainly did not expect that they would become a song. “These were sixteen “homely” lines from a letter to my wife Sofya Antonovna,” recalled Alexey Aleksandrovich Surkov, “I wrote it at the end of November, or rather, the 27th, after a heavy battle near Istra.” That’s how they would have remained in the poet's home archive, composer Konstantin Listov, who desperately needed “something to write a song for,” did not come to the editorial office of the front-line newspaper “Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda.” There was no “something.” And then, fortunately, I I remembered the poems I had written home, found them in my notebook and, having copied them completely, gave them to Lisztov, being sure that... a song would not come out of this absolutely lyrical poem...

But a week later the composer appeared again in our editorial office and sang his song “In the Dugout” with a guitar. Everyone thought that the song “came out”. After publication in “ Komsomolskaya Pravda” poems and melodic lines, the song was picked up and sung everywhere, despite the fact that it was not published anywhere else and at one time was even banned. “To some guardians of soldier’s morality,” Surkov noted on this occasion, “it seemed that the lines “it’s not easy for me to reach you, but there are four steps to death” are decadent and disarming. They asked and even demanded that the death story be crossed out or moved further away from the trench. But it was too late to spoil the song...”

And now, four and a half decades later, this song continues to excite people’s hearts and remains an ageless hymn of love and loyalty to soldier’s duty.

Biography of "Katyusha" (lyrics by M. Isakovsky, music by M. Blanter)– a veteran song – is continued by life itself, having written many memorable pages into it. It gained particular popularity during the Great Patriotic War. The song became not only an event in musical life, but also a unique social phenomenon. Millions of people perceived the heroine of the song as a real girl who loves a fighter and is waiting for an answer. They wrote letters to her.

The fighters, imitating “Katyusha,” sang in their own way words that were not entirely perfect, but came from the bottom of their hearts, and they dedicated them in her image to their beloved girl, their dream and hope. An unknown soldier asked Katyusha, as if she were next to him: “If a stray bullet suddenly hits you on the far side, don’t be sad, then, my dear, tell the whole truth about me.” These simple words of front-line folklore are touching, and today, decades later, they cannot be read without emotion.

It is clear that in war there is no time for rest, but there are outlets in the series of harsh soldier’s everyday life. In the Russian army, one of these outlets has always been song. A song about home, a song about a soldier, a song about a beloved, a song about the Motherland.

§ 3 The image of the defender of the Fatherland in soldiers’ songs of Afghanistan and Chechnya.

In the second half of the 20th century, tragic pages again appeared in the history of our country - military operations in Afghanistan. Our army helped the friendly regime of this country with its military forces, the blood and sweat of its soldiers, maintaining peace.

The war in Afghanistan has claimed many lives good people. Some of them had just begun to live and did not have time to take the first step in their lives, while for others death forever blocked the road to their career. Even if one of them did not even have time to fire his first shot, he will still remain a hero and will never die in the memory of his friends and fellow soldiers. Many songs have been written about the war in Afghanistan; they carry the memory of the tragic days of the ten-year war. The memory of friends, brothers, fathers remained forever in Afghan songs.

In the 90s, after the collapse of the Soviet state, interethnic conflicts began on the territory of our country, including on the territory of the Chechen Republic.

The soldier's song helped our guys not to lose heart and supported them during military operations. The image of the defender of the Motherland - a young soldier - is forever captured in songs about the Chechen War.

Conclusion

An increased interest in the Motherland and the problem of its defense arises among writers, artists, and musicians in connection with military events of our time or memorable dates of the heroic past. IN human history With varying degrees of frequency, wars happened, unfortunately, all the time: aggressive, liberating, just and unjust. Military actions are certainly associated with manifestations of courage, heroism, bravery and boldness. Defense of the Fatherland and Peaceful time - main view activities of people in the military profession. When protecting the peace of one’s fellow citizens, situations often arise when one has to sacrifice oneself and commit heroic deeds. Art strives to reflect these features of the defenders of the Fatherland.

The theme of the defender of the Fatherland is reflected in almost all types of art: in music and sculpture, in literature and fine arts, in theater and cinema.

Having analyzed some musical and literary works, paintings by artists, I came to the conclusion that works in which the main character is a soldier - the defender of the Fatherland, glorify the greatness and beauty, strength and power, nobility, kindness and spiritual wealth of the Russian soldier.

Literature

1. Biryukov, Yu. E. Songs born in battles / Yu. E. Biryukov. - M.: Music, 1985
2. Great Encyclopedia of Cyril and Methodius. Windows DVD-2006
3. Vainkop Yu. Brief biographical dictionary of composers. L. “Music” 1987
4. Puzitsky V. Native history. Saratov "Children's book" 1994
5. Sergeeva G., Kritskaya E. Music. Textbook for 5th grade. M. 2003
6. A word about music. Reader M. 1990
7. Terekhov V. Alexander Nevsky. M. 1990
8. Tkachenko P.I. When the Soldiers Sing: Contemporary Amateur song creativity Soviet soldiers performing international duty in Afghanistan / P. I. Tkachenko. - M.: Young Guard, 1987.

Application

V.M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs” (1898)

Still life "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". Arsenyuk Yuri. Bilibin I.Ya. Illustration for "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"

I.I.Golikov Illustration design for “The Word...”

Vasily Terkin is a national hero.

test

Conclusion

In harsh times, during the war years, the song became a powerful weapon, an integral part of life at the front and in the rear, calling for battle for the Motherland and receiving a response in the hearts of every person. There are so many wonderful, unforgettable songs! They reflected both the tragic and happy pages of the heroic years, and preserved for future generations the legendary courage and spiritual courage, optimism and great humanity of the soldiers.

Classical music of the 19th and 20th centuries is inseparable from the life of the people, their history. Large-scale vocal works: the operas “Ivan Susanin”, “Prince Igor”, “War and Peace” reflect heroic deeds. The emotional impact of the works of Russian composers, who have always been characterized by love for the Motherland, for the people, when depicting themes of state building, political unification or the heroic struggle against foreign enslavers, is great.

The instrumental works embodied sorrowful experiences, thoughts, and faith in the boundlessness of the spiritual powers of the people, intransigence, and rejection of evil. Thanks to this, our ancestors become closer and more understandable to us, who, in a cruel, tragic struggle, preserved that very sacred thing that we now call the Motherland.

In conclusion of my work, I would like to emphasize that heroic-patriotic education finds a solid foundation in everything that is connected in art with the theme of the Motherland, with love for our native land, for everything that is dear to us, what we preach, what we stand on, what and how we defend and support the ideas of freedom, justice and the triumph of peace. This approach can serve as a true compass for the teacher in his educational and educational work with children on the noble and grateful material of heroic-patriotic music.

All this is beautifully stated in poetic and musical form in V. Basner’s song to the verses of M. Matusovsky “Where does the Motherland begin?”

Where does the Motherland begin? From the picture in your primer, From good and faithful comrades who live in the neighboring yard.

Or maybe it begins with the song that our mother sang to us.

Since no one can take it away from us in any trials...

The world of feelings and thoughts is diverse, the historical events depicted in this music are diverse, the means musical expressiveness. The main thing has always remained one thing: love for the native land, for the native Russian people.

Information sources

1. Vaidman P.E. Chaikovsky. Life and work of the Russian composer [Electronic resource]. - http://www.tchaikov.ru/1812.html

2. Heroics in Russian and Soviet music [Text]. - L.S. Tretyakov. - M.: Knowledge, 1985.

3. Heroics in the works of Russian composers [Electronic resource]. - http://festival.1september.ru/articles/514453/

4. Mikheeva L. Borodin. Second Symphony ("Bogatyrskaya") [Electronic resource]. - http://www.belcanto.ru/s_borodin_2.html

5. Music of the Great Patriotic War [Electronic resource]. - http://www.otvoyna.ru/pesni. htm

6. Prokhorova I., Skudina G. Musical culture Soviet period. For VII class children's music school[Text]. - M.: Music, 2003.

7. Stories about songs. For middle and older schoolchildren. Compiled by O. Ochakovskaya [Text]. - M.: Music, 1985.

8. Rozanova Yu.A. History of Russian music. T.2, kN.3. Second half of the 19th century. P.I. Tchaikovsky [Text]. - M.: Music, 1981.

9. Holy War [Electronic resource]. - wikipedia.org/wiki/

10. Soviet musical literature. Issue 1: Textbook for music schools[Text]. - M.: Music, 1981.

11. Tretyakova L.S. Young musical Russia[Text]. - M.: Sov. Russia, 1985.

Application

"Three Tankers"

Music by Dm. And Dan. Pokrassov words by B. Laskin

On the border the clouds move gloomily,

The harsh land is enveloped in silence.

On the high banks of the Amur

The sentries of the Motherland are standing.

There a strong barrier has been put up for the enemy,

Standing there, brave and strong -

At the borders of the Far Eastern land

Armored Shock Battalion.

They live there - and the song is a guarantee -

An unbreakable strong family

The crew of the combat vehicle.

The dew lay thick on the grass,

The fogs are widespread,

That night the enemy flocks decided

Cross the border by the river.

But intelligence reported accurately -

And he went, carried away by the team,

In the native land of the Far East

Armored Shock Battalion.

Tanks rushed, raising the wind,

A formidable armor was advancing.

And the enemy flocks flew to the ground

Under the pressure of steel and fire.

And they finished off - the song is a guarantee -

All enemies in fire attack

Three tankmen - three merry friends -

The crew of the vehicle is fighting!

Music by M. Blanter Poems by M. Isakovsky

Apple and pear trees bloomed,

Fogs floated over the river.

Katyusha came ashore

On a high bank, on a steep one.

She went out and started a song

About the steppe gray eagle,

About the one I loved

About the one whose letters I was saving.

Oh, you song, a girl's song,

You fly after the clear sun

And to the fighter on the far border

Say hello from Katyusha.

Let him remember a simple girl,

Let him hear her sing

Let him take care of his native land,

And Katyusha will save love.

Apple and pear trees bloomed,

Fogs floated over the river.

Katyusha came ashore,

On a high bank, on a steep one.

Historically, our people have had to fight against foreign invaders for centuries. Russia has always been famous for its defenders, from ordinary soldiers to generals. The famous commander Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov believed that there is no better Russian soldier anywhere in the world: “he himself will not be lost, and he will save his comrade, and where his strength is weak, he will reach there with his ingenuity.”

Many works in various forms of art have been created about the exploits, about valor, about the glory of the defenders of the Fatherland. They glorify the greatness and beauty, strength and power, nobility, kindness and spiritual wealth of the Russian person.

IN ancient Russian art- first of all, in the icon - the intercessors for the Russian land were personified by Saints George and Dmitry of Thessaloniki, princes Boris and Gleb, Alexander Nevsky.

Ancient epics have survived to this day, glorifying the courage of Russian knights and heroes, among whom the most famous are Ilya Muromets, Alyosha Popovich and Dobrynya Nikitich. They entered the fine arts with the creativity of artists late XIX– early 20th centuries – Viktor Vasnetsov, Nicholas Roerich and Mikhail Vrubel.

In the era Russian Empire our country also did not avoid wars - with the Swedes, Turks, and French.

In the fine arts, images of both outstanding commanders - Peter the Great, P. A. Rumyantsev, A. V. Suvorov, V. A. Kornilov, and less famous heroes. During the Napoleonic wars, masters of the academic school G.I. Ugryumov, A.I. Ivanov and others painted canvases on subjects from the heroic past of Russia.

A special place in Russian art of this era is occupied by graphic and picturesque portraits heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812 O. A. Kiprensky.

Two world wars that befell Russia in the 20th century, called on artists to revisit the theme of protecting their people. A. A. Deineka, V. A. Serov, Yu. I. Pimenov, I. A. Serebryany, V. I. Mukhina, V. V. Isaeva, V. V. Lishev, Yu. M. Neprintsev, N. N. Dormidontov, A. F. Pakhomov, G. S. Vereisky created their works, inspired by the exploits of their compatriots.

M.B. Grekov is the creator of a wonderful gallery of paintings dedicated to the First Cavalry Army. Grekov’s canvases depict bright pages Civil War. Written based on living impressions, they are distinguished by reliable specificity. This is the testimony of an eyewitness artist, a visual chronicle of the people's struggle for land and freedom. In M. B. Grekov’s paintings “Cart” (1925), “Trumpeters of the First Cavalry” (1934), “Flagman and Trumpeter” (1934) generalized, romantically sublime images were created, imbued with the pathos of the victory of the Red Army.

The main task of graphic art during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. was a reflection of the greatness of the feat of the people and the army in the fight against fascism, the creation of vivid images that formed in people the patriotic feelings of a citizen and a warrior, instilling hatred of the enemy. The first to “go into battle” were such operational genres as military-political cartoons and posters and drawings. The Kukryniksy’s poster “We will ruthlessly defeat and destroy the enemy” appeared on the streets of Moscow on the second day of the war. In the titles “The Motherland Calls!”, “For the Motherland!”, “Fight to the Death!”, “Blood for Blood!” sounded the only thing the right words- calls that came from the heart, expressed the thoughts and feelings of millions. Laconic, but capacious in content, they called, inspired, raised the people and led them to the battlefield. These sheets were followed by numerous posters by I. Toidze, V. Ivanov, L. Golovanov, A. Kokorekin, N. Zhukov, V. Klimashin, V. Serov, Kukryniksov, M. Cheremnykh, V. Lebedev, A. Kokorin and many others artists. Supported by expressive designs, they sold in huge quantities. Often it was a small format, designed for the cockpit of a tank or airplane, a dugout or dugout, or a postcard. Posters “The Motherland is Calling!” I. Toidze, “Warrior of the Red Army - save!” V. Koretsky and others acquired the force of a combat order, they were kept in the pockets of tunics, and they went into battle with them. The art of posters has acquired the formidable power of a weapon in the fight against the enemy. Posters from the beginning of the war convinced people of the justice of the war waged by the Russians and instilled faith in victory. For example, in the poster by V. A. Serov “Our cause is just, victory will be ours!” the image of a man who has seen a lot in life, with an open and determined face, confident of victory, has been created. At the end of the war, the poster shows the viewer a victorious warrior who was destined not only to clear his native land of the enemy, but also to liberate the whole of Europe from fascism. Such, for example, is the poster by L. F. Golovanov “Let's get to Berlin!” (1944) - one of the most popular both during the war years and later.

The graphic works of artists during the war years are a visual chronicle of harsh, terrible and truly heroic years. But their significance does not end there. In each of the drawings a capacious and deep artistic image, giving rise to a variety of experiences: anger and regret, pride and joy, participation and hope... This is the power of graphic art, for which the main thing was the revelation of that truly human that was so clearly manifested in the moral character of our fellow citizens during the war. Among the front-line drawings, portrait sketches of commanders, privates, tank crews, signalmen, nurses, and intelligence officers attract attention. This series of military professions could be continued. But the main thing is that faces appear before us, in whose features there is nothing exceptional; in them there is inner strength and perseverance. The drawings are very convincing and lively, since often the artists themselves were participants in those events and created portraits of front-line soldiers directly on the front line, in a trench or in moments of rest after a battle.

Fine art of the first post-war five years is closely connected with the previous period - the period of the Great Patriotic War. Artists sought to capture the most important events historical battle for freedom, reveal deep reasons, which ensured the victory of the USSR, are the high moral qualities of the Soviet people. The years of severe suffering experienced during the Great Patriotic War revealed new, previously unknown depths folk character. The artists saw a hero in the most ordinary, ordinary Soviet person. After all, in everyday life, ordinary, heroic, poetic moments are so intricately intertwined!

The Soviet people showed unprecedented courage and perseverance in the struggle. They were fueled by a firm belief in the victory of a just cause. The names of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Matrosov, and the heroes of Krasnodon were recognized by the whole world. But there were still millions of nameless fighters, whose feat was also immortalized in art.

Many works of art were associated with the direct impressions of their authors - participants in the war. So, for example, the painting “Rest after the battle” arose. Its author, a former soldier of the Leningrad Front, Yu. M. Neprintsev, portrayed his fellow soldiers in it.

The entire people helped the soldiers who defended their native land on thousands of miles of front. The front and rear were united. This idea found figurative embodiment in the paintings of A. I. Laktionov “Letter from the Front”, B. M. Nemensky “Mother”, “Our Sisters”.

In the first post-war years, the image of a man who stood up to defend the Fatherland continued to attract masters of art. Hence the special interest in portraiture. The artists sought to show those features in the spiritual appearance of people that were revealed with particular strength and clarity during the war years: determination, willpower, special concentration of thoughts and feelings, dictated by difficult life trials.

“Portrait of Marshal G.K. Zhukov” (1945) by P.D. Korin is the best work among many dedicated to this man. The artist presented a ceremonial interpretation of the image, depicting the person being portrayed in a uniform with all the awards, in a pointedly proud pose. The picturesque interpretation of the bluish uniform, shimmering with the shine of metal, evokes associations with the armor of an epic hero, a legendary knight. The artist created the image of a courageous and stern man.

In 1967 it was founded Golden medal them. M. B. Grekova for best works in fine arts military theme, and Pyotr Krivonogov was the first to be awarded it. The painting “Victory” by this artist became a kind of symbol of the great Victory over fascism.