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| I dared where. Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, only together we are Holy Rus'! Notable natives and residents |
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Smila (Ukrainian Smila) is a city of regional subordination of the Cherkasy region. In the 19th century, the town of Smelyanskaya volost, Cherkassy district, Kyiv province. The village of Irdynovka is subordinate to the Smelyansky City Council. Grechkovka (Ukrainian Grechkivka) is a village in Sunkovskaya volost, Cherkassy district, Kyiv province. (in 1938 annexed to the city of Smela, Cherkasy region). The city belongs to the historical and ethnographic region of the Middle Dnieper region (Naddniepryanschina). Pokhilevich L. I. Legends about populated areas of the Kyiv province 1864Smela, the place lies on the post road from Kyiv to Cherkasy, 220 versts from the first and 25 from the last city, and is located on a somewhat elevated plane, surrounded by rivers: Tyasmin, Irdinsky swamp and the Serebryanka river. Smela was considered a town even under King Casimir, but it is not known when it was founded. The surviving fortifications of the so-called castle should be considered among the remains of ancient times. This quadrangular earthen fortification, with four trenches at the corners, lies on a hill above the pond. It is now a Roman Catholic cemetery, with a Latin cemetery chapel. The antiquity of the town is also evidenced by the names of the surrounding tracts and associated folk legends about some princely children: Yuri, Matrona and Domna. The first, according to the stories of the residents, built a house on the mountain, which is still called Yuryeva Mountain. Matrona built the Matronensky Monastery, and Domna built the Smelyanskaya dam. After the final annexation of these countries to Poland in the last century, during the distribution of Little Russian cities and villages to Polish nobles, Smela went to the princes of Lyubomirsky (Since 1772, Yuri, Voivode of Sendomirsky, who died in 1744. Since 1744, Stanislav Lyubomirsky, sub-capital of Korsunsky, titled Voeyudich Sendomirsky; from half a century to Xavier Lubomirsky). They, wanting to ensure a safe stay in Smelaya during their visits from Poland, built a wooden castle in the town; In addition, the entire place was dug in with a rampart and surrounded by a palisade. But these fortifications did not protect the multiplied, under the patronage of the Lyubomirskys, the ghetto-legal class of gentry and Jews from the rebels, for the last time in 1768. The Little Russians, a detachment of 300 people, under the leadership of Zheleznyak himself, took possession of the town and killed the gentry and Jews. In 1773, after the uprising was pacified, King Stanislav Augustus gave Bold the privilege of Magdeburg law and the corresponding urban structure. But soon Prince Xavier Lyubomirsky, by virtue of a deal with His Serene Highness Prince Potemkin-Tauride, transferred Smelyaštsina to the latter’s patrimonial possession. In 1793, Smelyanshchina was inherited by His Serene Highness’s nephew, Count Alexander Nikolaevich Samoilov, and was made a district town; but a year later the present places were transferred to Cherkasy. Currently, the town of Smela with the adjacent villages: Smelyanka, Yablunovka, Konstantinov, Balakleya, Staroselechkoy and the villages: Grechkovka, Budki and Nikolaev, and with 24,151 acres of land, constitutes the patrimonial estate of Countess Sofia Alexandrovna Bobrinskaya, née Samoilova, purchased in 1838 from his brother Nikolai Alexandrovich. The owner founded her residence in the town, from where she manages her other estates: in Chigirinsky district (Zhuravsky Klyuch) and in Kursk province (1360 rev. souls). The transition of Smelaya into the possession of the real owner constituted an era in the development of this town, since it served to the benefit not only of its residents, but also of the entire Cherkassy district. Until that time, trade and industrial activity of Smila was limited to large, well-built mills on the Tyasmina River, which supplied flour not only to their district, but also produced a significant amount for sending to Uman, Kremenchug, Nikolaev and Odessa. This industry has remained in good condition even now, since the fields on the Smelyansky estate produce a lot of grain. But at the same time, since 1838, the enterprise and capital of the owners have opened up many new means for trade, trade and earnings for a significant number of people. We are talking about Smelyansky beet sugar establishments, famous throughout Russia. Here is some information about them that we borrowed from the description. K.G. Funduklezh “a capital of 434,000 rubles was used to set up all the establishments of the sugar factory. gray; to operate, they required up to 2,200 workers, who, together with their coffers, produce products worth 1,000,000 rubles annually. Producing up to 250,000 poods of sugar per year, the plant brings the owner the same amount of net profit rubles.” There was an idea, now seemingly abandoned, to connect Smela with the Dnieper by rail in the city of Cherkasy. Currently, in the town there are inhabitants of both sexes: Orthodox 4850, schismatics 290, Roman Catholics 526, Lutherans 42, Jews 6906; a total of 12,614, including 23 capitalists of the 3rd guild (5 Christians, the rest Jews) and 2604 exclusively employed at the sugar factory. In the town there is a postal station that receives correspondence, an apartment for the bailiff and a public hospital, for the maintenance of which up to 8,000 rubles are allocated from the owner's cash register and a monument is proposed to be built in honor of sugar production, in the form of a colossal sugar loaf, made of bronze and stone. The settlement of schismatics in Smela dates back to the end of the last century, when Prince Lyubomirsky, in 1782, allowed the schismatics - Pilipons, for a conditional fee, 827 rubles in banknotes, to settle on his lands adjacent to Smela, where they inhabited the village of Grechkovka, and some settled in the very small town. Following this, in Grechkovka they built a church in the name of Alexei the man of God, and in the town a little later a chapel. When in 1828, by decision of the State Council, as a result of a lawsuit brought by the Grechkovsky schismatics with the landowner Count Samoilov, about assigning them to their peasants according to the revision, they were condemned from the landowner: then the Grechkovsky schismatics all moved to Cherkasy; Their church is closed and remains in a dilapidated state to this day. The Smelyanskaya chapel remained uncovered, only the bells were ordered to be removed from it in 1846. It is contained from offerings collected from parishioners into a circle, from which the clerk or charterer receives a salary of 200 rubles in banknotes and cares for several wretched old women living in 4 small houses in the chapel graveyard. The Ustavnik performs all-night services in the chapel and at home; Old women baptize babies; marriages are not celebrated, although schismatics claim that they go to Izmail for this purpose. In 1741, there were four Orthodox churches in Smelaya: Nikolaevskaya, Pokrovskaya, Uspenskaya and Spasskaya. All of them, as it appears in the visits, were wooden, in dilapidated and wretched condition; each had 70 parish households. At present, only the last three remain, also dilapidated wooden ones, far inferior in their external appearance to the churches of the surrounding villages and the splendor of factory buildings. The St. Nicholas Church was abolished in 1847 and its lands were turned by the owner's economy in their favor. Of the existing three churches, Uspenskaya and Spasskaya, according to the states of rural churches, are classified as 5th class, and Pokrovskaya is supported by parishioners. Each land has a specified proportion. In 1859, in the presence of Metropolitan Isidore, a stone Orthodox church was laid, according to the plan of the St. Petersburg Annunciation, Life Guards Cuirassier Regiment, which is near the Nikolaevsky Bridge, only on a smaller scale. The state-owned village of Irdinovka is included in the parish of the Spasskaya Smelyanskaya Church. It lies on the road to Cherkasy, immediately after crossing into the Smelaya swamp of Irden. There are 160 residents of both sexes. Addition: In the last century, the Smelyansky deans served as priests under the St. Nicholas Church. We report here a list of villages that in 1746, having parish churches, were included in the Smelyansky deanery: a) on the estate of Prince Lyubomirsky: in Smelyansky there are 4 churches, in Gorodishchi there are 8 churches. Orlovets, Balakleya, Konstantinov, Tapshyk, Makievka, Valyava, Cherepin, Vyazovok, Khlystunovka, Ogaroselye, Mgliev 2 churches. Gnilets, Olshana 2 churches; b) in the estate of Princess Yablonovskaya's Khoronzhin: Derenkovets, Zhuravka, Morintsy, Pedinovka, Budishcha, Kirilovka. Tarasovka, Kapustina, Petrikovka and Topilna were added to the list of 1764. The town of Smela. Memorial book of the Kyiv Diocese of 1882Preobrazhenskaya, dilapidated; village 1. Archpriest D.V. Bakkanovsky (pious) Uspenskaya 1800 Count Samoilov, village. 1. St. A.I. Grechenko. Pokrovskaya, up. in 1859 arrived. village 1. St. G.I. Levitsky. Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron 1890 - 1907I dared to take revenge. Kyiv province, Cherkassy district, in the 25th century. from Cherkassy, between pp. Tyasmin, Serebryanka and the Irdynsky swamp (see). The time of S.'s founding is unknown; It was already considered a small town under the Polish cor. Casimir. In the 18th century, after the annexation of the region to Poland, S. came into the possession of the prince. Lyubomirsky (see), who built a wooden castle here, entrenched in a rampart and surrounded by a palisade. In 1768, the Haidamaks attacked S., took possession of it and killed the gentry and Jews. Book Xavier Lubomirsky handed over S. to the book. Potemkin-Tavrichesky, from whom in 1793 it was inherited by gr. A. N. Samoilov; at the same time S. was made a district. city, but a year later the government offices were again transferred to Cherkasy. Subsequently, S. came into the possession of gr. Bobrinsky, who still own it today. Two significant ancient settlements; near 44 mounds, partly explored in 1879-1883. gr. Bobrinsky; they belong partly to the Stone Age, partly to the Bronze Age (Scythian type). In the surrounding area, many objects from the Stone and subsequent centuries were found at different times. 15,195 inhabitants (not including factory workers). 3 Orthodox churches, 1 Catholic, 1 prot., chapel, public school, synagogue, 3 church-parish. schools, post and telegram office, 4 hospitals, 2 pharmacies, many shops, several water mills; 2 big fairs throughout the year, weekly markets; The turnover of both fairs reaches over 85,000 rubles. in year. In terms of its commercial and industrial importance, S. surpasses many cities: in addition to craft and handicraft workshops, there are 18 large factory enterprises, employing (in 1898) 1,130 hours of workers of both sexes with production worth 1,136,840 rubles. Beet sugar factory had 575 slaves. and produced 197,000 pd. of granulated sugar, in the amount of 492,885 rubles; refinery manager - 375 workers, refined sugar 104795 pd., for 287835 rubles; vapor mill with 24 workers and production by 290,545 rubles; brewery from 9 working hours and production for 22,280 rubles; tanner from 12 working hours and production by 25,163 rubles; sawmill; 2 art institutions. miner water; carriage and crew workshop, manager soap making, candle making, iron foundry, mechanical, 4 tanning and others. In S. to Fastovskaya railway. dor. adjacent to the Uman branches of the South-West. railways. The main task of the exemplary agriculture of the Smelyansk economy is the production of beetroot; There are several crop rotations; of these, the most typical is fallow, winter wheat, fallow, beetroot, spring, fallow, beetroot, oats with sainfoin, two years sainfoin, lake. wheat, beetroot and oats. On average, sugar beets occupy 10, winter grain - 19, spring grain - 14, fallow - 25% of all field land; the rest is under grass. For seed beets and beets, artificial fertilizers are used: superphosphate, bone meal and Chilean saltpeter (in addition, 2/3 of the steam is fertilized with defecation mud), which, due to excellent soil cultivation, ensures a beet yield of up to 120-150 beets. with dec. Cost of fertilizer per dess. - 3 r. 60 k., and the total expense per dess. arable land - 59 rub. 80 k. Gross income from field farming is over 450 thousand rubles. At a mixed (for the selection of beets and different grains) breeding station, there are separate areas for seed farming and experimental fields and meteorological observations are made. Forests 8820 des. (hornbeam, linden and oak). Proper forestry with a 60-year cutting turnover. Since the 50s, artificial plantings of coniferous trees have been organized, and since the 80s, oak trees, with excellent success. Economic harvesting of forest materials. Their special processing consists of making rims, knitting needles and hoops. Information about the town of Smela 1908In the town of Smela there are three churches, 5 schools, 5 state-owned wine shops, one hospital for the Bobrinsky counts. Information about agricultural collectives in Smila for 1925Artel “Nove zhittya” Artel "Kolos" Artel "Druha" Artel "Own Work" Paraphial card of the church in Smela for 1927.District: Shevchenkovsky List of subscribers of the Smelyansk city telephone network in 1928A. Special telephones. 40. Pozhezhna team - Radyanska, 26 B. Alphabetical list. 21. Avtopromtorg, office - Zhytomyrska, 20. List of mill owners in Smela 1928Smilyansky M., 3 working individuals, steam mill. History of cities and villages of the Ukrainian SSR 1972Smela is a city of regional subordination (since 1939), the center of the Smelyansky district. Located on the banks of the river. Tyasmin (at the confluence of Serebryanka), 30 km away. from the regional center. There are two railway stations in the city: im. T. G. Shevchenko and Smela. Population: 55.8 thousand people. The territory of the modern city and its environs has been inhabited for a long time. On the left bank of Serebryanka, in the area of the Irdyn marshes, in the Yurovaya Gora and Derenkovtsy tracts and in other places, a late Paleolithic settlement was discovered that existed here over 45 thousand years ago, a settlement and a workshop of flint tools of the Neolithic era. In many mounds, burials from the Bronze Age, Pre-Scythian, Early Scythian and Sarmatian times have been excavated. One and a half kilometers above the dam, on the river. Early Slavic settlements of the Chernyakhov culture were found in Tyasmin. A treasure trove of gold items was discovered near Smela, as well as a burial ground from ancient Russian times. In addition, several burial mounds of nomads from the 10th to 12th centuries have been excavated. n. era. The first data on settlements on the territory of Smela are found in documents of the 16th century. It is known that in 1536, King Sigismund I transferred the lands on the hill above Tyasmin and Serebryanka to a certain Yusk or Yasko Timkevich. He founded a farm here, popularly nicknamed Yatskov nad Tyasmin. The farm stood on the road along which the Tatars went to Ukraine. Soon he disappeared. It is likely that it was destroyed by nomads. Only the name of the tract remains - Yatskovoe. The Timkevichs, who could not come to an agreement with the boyars Zhubriks (they also considered the farm their property), transferred the rights to their land to the Cherkassy townspeople. The Cherkassy eldership fought for a long time against the Zhubryks. At the end of the 16th century. On the site of the former farm, the non-register Cossacks founded a settlement, which they called Tyasminnoye. At the beginning of the 17th century. The settlement turned into a small-town settlement and in 1633 came into the possession of the Polish magnate S. Konetspolsky. From now on it became a town. Soon after the capture of Tyasminny by the Konetspolskys, the Tatars attacked it and drove many of the inhabitants into captivity. A certain girl led the Cossacks through the difficult Irdyn swamp to the enemy’s rear. “The warriors,” says the legend, “overcame the darkness of the Tatars in a bloody battle, only the girls were not saved...” The warriors buried the heroine over Tyasmin and named her Smela, and the town of Tyasminnoye was renamed Smela in her honor. Life was hard for the villagers under the rule of the tycoon. The owner brutally exploited the peasants. They paid him a quitrent, provided him with grain, worked on the estate twice a week, and also performed other duties, of which the troop billet was especially difficult. Local Cossacks and peasants more than once rose up to fight the oppressors; in 1631, an uprising broke out here under the leadership of Ivan the Evil, and in 1637 the peasants joined the uprising under the leadership of Pavel But and D. Guni. During the liberation war of 1648-1654. Smela is a small town of the Chigirinsky regiment and one of the strongholds of the rebel peasants and Cossacks. The son of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Timish, lived in the town. In 1653, the Russian embassies of A. Matveev - I. Fomin (in June) and G. Streshnev - M. Bredikhin (in December) passed through Smela to Chigirin in 1653 to Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky. In March 1654, secretly from Bogdan Khmelnytsky, the town and its surroundings begged from the Russian Tsar the Pereyaslavl Colonel Teterya, who headed the Ukrainian embassy in Moscow. Fearing that the army would find out about this and severely punish him, Teterya did not take advantage of the permission. He buried the tsar's deed of gift for Smela in the ground. According to the terms of the “Eternal Peace” (1686), the lands on the right bank of the Dnieper and on the left bank of Tyasmin, including the territory of Smila, should be free. However, a little time has passed and the town begins to revive. This was facilitated by the growth of the liberation struggle of the people of the Right Bank under the leadership of S. Paliya. In the XVIII century. The inhabitants of Smela were engaged in farming and fishing. Enslaved peasants worked corvee labor, which in the summer reached up to 6 days a week, paid numerous taxes and performed various duties. For any offense, and often without reason, the feudal lords tortured the serfs, starved them, and hung them up by the hands. Social oppression was complemented by national-religious oppression. Residents were forbidden to speak their native language, perform Orthodox rituals, and were forced to accept the union. Frightened by a powerful popular movement, tsarism helped suppress the uprising. However, at the end of the same year, Haidamak detachments began to operate in the Smela area again. A station wagon from an unknown person was distributed among the peasants with a call to arm themselves and join the Haidamaks. “Leave your houses, women, beloved children,” it said, “don’t be sad for them, because you’ll see each other soon. God will give us victory and you will be free lords.” The uprising against the Polish gentry in the Smelyanshchyna continued in 1769-1770. After the reunification (1793) of Right Bank Ukraine with Russia, Smela was a district town for two years, and from January 1795 it became part of the Cherkassy district. Count Samoilov, trying to get as much grain as possible from his savings for sale, mercilessly exploited the peasants. The farms of his serfs were extremely ruined. Over ten years (1838-1848), the new owners opened 6 sugar factories. Two of them are in the vicinity of the town. In 1840, a mechanical plant began operating in Smela, producing equipment for sugar factories and agricultural machines. In addition to the Bobrinsky enterprises, in the 50s of the XIX century. There were also two tanneries, three brick factories, two distilleries, and 10 mills. At the same time, crafts and trade developed here. Shoemakers, potters, and coopers sold their products at fairs that took place here twice a year. The peasants of Smela, robbed by the reform, rebelled in 1868. They were supported in the Vasilkovsky and Zvenigorod districts of the Kyiv province. The tsarist authorities brought troops into the town and suppressed the uprising. V.I. Lenin in his work “The Development of Capitalism in Russia” ranks Smela among the most important centers of the factory industry in European Russia. At 9 factories and factories in Smela, as V.I. Lenin noted, in 1879, products worth 4,070 thousand rubles were produced. (791 thousand rubles more than 76 factories and factories in Kyiv produced it in the same year). Thousands of people came to Smela every year with the hope of earning a piece of bread. However, the Bobrinskys were reluctant to use free labor, because, unable to withstand the cruel exploitation, the free labor went to other places. The owners of sugar factories recruited peasants in Smolensk, Oryol, Mogilev and other provinces. In agreements between count offices and volost administrations it was noted that for peasants who do not go to work, as well as for those who died or were convicted, the received deposits must be paid off by relatives and fellow villagers. Those hired by the Bobrinskys were given a meager deposit, and therefore they only got to Smela on foot. At the sugar factories themselves, due to the high temperature and lack of ventilation, “the workers worked completely naked.” For any guilt they were fined or even beaten. Driven to despair, the plowmen rose to fight. At first it was spontaneous. Thus, in 1873, the Cherkasy district police officer reported to the provincial authorities that at the Bobrinsky factories even the police were powerless to stop the flight of workers. Over the years, organized resistance to the exploiters became more and more noticeable. In 1891, the manager of the Smelyansk sugar factories brought to court the peasants from the Smolensk province - the Vasyutin brothers, O. Gribov and P. Fedosov - because they “besides outright disobedience..., they incited entire artels of workers.” The first mass protests of workers took place in May 1901. Then the railway workers of the Main Workshops went on strike. They demanded an increase in wages and the dismissal of the head of the workshops. Although the strike did not bring victory to the workers, it served as a signal for further protests by workers. On September 2-3, 1903, more than 900 workers of the Main Railway Workshops went on strike. They came to the enterprise, but did not start working. The administration was forced to promise an 8-hour working day and increased wages. On September 4, the railway workers began work. The revolutionary struggle flared up with renewed vigor in the fall of 1905. On October 14-18, under the leadership of the Bolsheviks, workers at the Bobrinskaya station held a general political strike. The railway workshops and station were closed for five days. The strikers demanded an 8-hour working day, an increase in wages, freedom of speech and assembly, the abolition of martial law on the railway, etc. The performance was led by a strike committee headed by the Bolshevik O. O. Kasteli. Since February 1906, the organization of the RSDLP Bobrinskaya station was part of the nodal bureau of the RSDLP of the South-Western Railway, which was in Bolshevik positions. At the end of June 1906, a new wave of political demonstrations and rallies swept through Smela and Bobrinskaya station, which more than once escalated into riots and clashes with troops. On June 27, the workers of the Main Railway Workshops stopped working. Sugar factory workers followed suit. When, at the request of the Bobrinskys, the troops began to pursue the strikers, the refinery workers gave them a decisive rebuff. The Cherkasy district police officer reported this event to the Kyiv governor as follows: “The workers raised the alarm with factory fire bells and began shouting: “Comrades! To arms!”, “Call the workers from Bobrinskaya for help!”. People with guns, axes, iron sticks began to come running from all sides... The situation became more complicated every hour. By order of Colonel Azarov, the dragoons retreated.” In the summer of 1906, at the Bobrinskaya station, a military organization was created from among the railway workers, led by member of the RSDLP committee G.V. Goncharuk (party nickname: coffee pot). The workers of the economy were more active in the revolutionary struggle. In response, the authorities intensified repression. In 1906, the leaders of the Smelyansk social-democratic organization “Iskra”, Bolsheviks A. M. Kalinichenko, O. A. Sakhatsky, G. V. Goncharuk (Coffeepot), I. I. Melenkevich and others were sent to hard labor for revolutionary activities. Iskra ceased operations for some time. The Bobrinsky Committee of the RSDLP (b) continued to work in the difficult conditions of the decline of the revolution. And at the end of 1908, it was destroyed by the police. However, a year later the Bolshevik organization resumed its activities. The development of capitalism determined the growth of the town. In 1910, over 29 thousand people lived here, or 12.4 thousand more inhabitants than during the first All-Russian population census in 1897. There were 3 hospitals with 112 beds, 6 pharmacies. In 1884, technical classes were opened that trained specialists for sugar factories, and in 1909, a male and female gymnasium was opened. In 3 secondary and lower educational institutions of that time, 57 teachers taught 1658 students. In 1895, a native of the village. Grechkovki O. Laskova (artist of the St. Petersburg Mari Theater) founded a Ukrainian troupe in Smela. Amateurs staged plays by T. G. Shevchenko, M. L. Kropivnitsky and others. “For harmful effects on the public” in 1906, the tsarist authorities banned the performance. Since 1900, a private library and printing house operated in the city. Soon the temporary decline in the strike movement gave way to new revolutionary uprisings. On March 18, 1915, the drivers of the Bobrinskaya station depot went on a one-day strike. 16 trains were not sent that day. The authorities arrested 25 “rebels” and sent them to Siberia. In October 1915, workers at the refinery went on strike for two days. This forced sugar refiners to partially update advance wages. Under conditions of dual power, representatives of political parties behaved differently. The Mensheviks, Socialist Revolutionaries, Bundists, and Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists, having seized the majority in the Smelyansky Council of Workers' Deputies, did everything possible to prevent the development of the revolutionary movement. The council did not even disarm the police and tried to limit its activities to consideration of cultural issues. On May 1, the party cell prepared a demonstration of workers. Servants of the bourgeoisie tried to prevent the Bolsheviks from organizing a meeting. However, the workers and peasants drove out the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries and bourgeois nationalists. The rally lasted several hours. The workers of Smelya and Bobrinskaya joyfully welcomed the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution. On November 12 (25), the volost congress of Soviets decided to establish Soviet power in Smela and the volost and elected a military revolutionary committee. It was headed by an active participant in the revolution of 1905-1907. Bolshevik I. I. Melenkevich. After the restoration of Soviet power, revolutionary committees began to operate in Smela and Bobrinskaya. At the same time, the Smelyansky District Party Committee was founded, which united and directed the activities of local communists. Guided by Lenin's Decree on Land, the revolutionary committees nationalized the economies of the Bobrinsky counts and provided the working peasants with land, livestock, and seed. An 8-hour working day was restored at the railway junction and at sugar factories, and worker control was established. Now the administration of enterprises became accountable to the workers, and the affairs of production were managed by workers' boards. But the rights gained still had to be defended. On March 1, 1918, the Kaiser's troops captured the city. The occupiers shot communists and activists and robbed the population. The local rich also returned with the enemy's convoy. In early February, the partisans liberated Smela and the Bobrinskaya station. Power passed to the Revolutionary Committee. It's time for a peaceful holiday. The Smelyansky district party committee has resumed its work. Now his area of activity included 12 volosts (among the railway workers of the station and villages adjacent to the railway, political educational work was carried out by the newly created Bobrinsky district party committee). In April, the district party committee of Smela began publishing the newspaper “Bednota”. On April 18 of the same year, the first communist resurrection took place at Bobrinskaya station. And soon over three thousand workers took part in the May Day cleanup at the railway junction and at sugar factories. This was their response to the thieving attack of the White Poles on the Soviet country. Full of boundless faith and love for V.I. Lenin, for the Communist Party, people spared no effort in the struggle to establish the new government. In July 1922, sugar workers elected the leader of the revolution as an honorary delegate to the V All-Russian Congress of the Sugar Workers' Trade Union. V.I. Lenin heartily thanked the workers for this. Railway workers st. Bobrinskaya awarded Ilyich the title of honorary blacksmith. The honorary blacksmith's earnings were initially withheld for the benefit of orphanage No. 5, and in the post-war years - for boarding school No. 1. Since March 1923, Smela has been the administrative center of the district of the same name. According to the resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in 1926, it was classified as a city of regional subordination. Medical care became widely available and free for workers and peasants. There were 2 hospitals with 210 beds and an outpatient clinic in the city. These medical institutions employed 9 doctors and 21 paramedics and midwives. By the end of the restoration period in Smela and Bobrinskaya, up to two thousand people were learning to read and write in 96 circles and schools of the “Down with Illiteracy” society. In 7 labor schools, 89 teachers taught 2,547 students. At the same time (in 1920) a cooperative school began operating in Smela, which 3 years later was reorganized into a cooperative technical school. In 1921, the Institute of Sugar Industry was founded, which in 1925 was transferred to Kyiv (now the Institute of Food Industry). On the basis of the institute in Smela, a technical school for the sugar industry began operating in 1925. In August 1922, at the Main Railway Workshops, and in February 1923, at the refinery, schools for factory teachers were opened. In 1925, 202 teenagers obtained knowledge here. Significant cultural and educational work was carried out by state and trade union institutions (3 clubs, a library, 2 cinemas, opened in 1920-1921). Folk art, in particular theater, developed rapidly. This was facilitated by the presence of the Ukrainian Drama Theater here in the 20s, where G. Yura, A. Buchma, G. Krushelnitsky, O. Vatulya worked. Professional actors helped the drama club. After leaving the theater, the drama club of the Sugar Club was “patronized” for a long time by the outstanding artist G. Yura. The socialist attitude of the workers towards work was clearly manifested here, first in the shock movement, and, since 1935, in the Stakhanov brigades. The team of driller O. Rybakova was the first to start working in the Stakhanov style. At the end of 1937, there were already 1,200 Stakhanovites at the steam locomotive repair plant (77 percent of all workers at the enterprise). On March 1, 1939, the Plant staff switched to increased production standards. Among the locomotives, drivers V.I. Makhalin and M.F. Linke were among the first to become Krivonosov workers. Workers at machine-building, sugar factories and other enterprises also worked in Stakhanov’s style. Socialist competition also grew among farmers. The pioneer of shock labor was the brigade of communist Maria Krivolap in 1931. In 1938, 360 Stakhanovites were already working in the fields and farms of the artel, 26 of them were participants in the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in 1939. Every year the city became better, its squares and streets were put in order. In 1938, construction of the first stage of the city water supply began, the electrification of the city was completed, and passenger buses ran here. In 1939, there were 2 hospitals and clinics, 5 outpatient clinics and paramedic stations, a maternity hospital, and 4 pharmacies in the city and at the railway junction. They employed 53 doctors and 80 workers with 8 secondary medical degrees. The city had 27 kindergartens and nurseries. According to 1939 data, there were 4 secondary schools, 5 junior high schools and an elementary school. People's talents also flourished. In March 1933, 33 groups took part in the Olympiad of amateur choral and dramatic arts. Annual exhibitions of amateur decorative artists (embroidery, weaving) have become popular among the population. A literary association began working here in 1934. The workers' movement also gained mass development. He was facilitated by the release of the regional newspaper “Red Banner” on October 5, 1930. The communists were the force that cemented the collectives of workers and directed their efforts to fulfill the tasks of the five-year plans ahead of schedule. Peaceful creative work was interrupted by the war. Already in the first days of the Great Patriotic War, more than 370 people volunteered for the front, of which 256 were communists and Komsomol members. And when the front approached Smela, the machine-building and locomotive-car repair plants were evacuated. Patriots removed all serviceable locomotives, carriages and other complex equipment from the railway junction. On August 4, enemy troops captured the city. In the first days of the occupation, the invaders shot more than 400 residents. In Smela, at the station named after. Shevchenko, thousands of people died from hunger, cold and epidemics in open-air concentration camps. In 1942, the Nazis shot underground Komsomol members, Y. Kanarsky and M. Atamanovsky were hanged. In May 1943, machine-building plant workers V. Malinnik, P. Kalashnik, A. Nazarenko and others were tortured. They did not live to see the city liberated from the Nazis. F. Romeiko and his combat assistants V. F. Gordienko, N. S. Derevyanko. However, new fighters took the place of the dead. In mid-August 1943, the Soviet command sent a group of paratroopers to the Smela area, which became the core of a large partisan detachment named after. Pozharsky (commander - D. Goryachiy, commissar - I. Zhilin). This detachment included in its entirety the underground railway workers led by P. A. Tsaplyuk, the underground workers of Smela and the surrounding villages. In August - December 1943, on the Shevchenkovo - Tsvetkovo, Shevchenkovo - Znamenka stretch, the partisans derailed 16 enemy trains. The people's avengers blew up wagons containing enemy soldiers and officers, equipment, and ammunition. It often happened that the railway junction did not work for several days. Immediately after liberation, workers became involved in the restoration of the city. Already on February 20, the railway junction named after. T. G. Shevchenko, and on February 22 - the Smela station received and sent the first trains. In April, after re-evacuation, the machine-building plant partially came into operation, and in May, the locomotive-car repair plant. More than 12 thousand residents - soldiers, partisans, underground fighters - died in battles against fascism. In memory of them, the Glory Monument was built in 1967. Streets are named after V. Romeyk, V. Gordienko, Yu. Kanarsky, A. Mishchenko, N. Sergienko. Name of the Hero of the Soviet Union. T. Senator was assigned to school No. 14, where he studied. In the Fourth Five-Year Plan, the population was served by 2 hospitals and 10 medical posts, where 80 doctors and 248 medical workers with secondary specialized education worked. A regional psychiatric hospital has been opened on the outskirts of the city. Since 1960, the Metalist plant began operating, since 1964 - a citric acid plant, since 1963 - an asphalt concrete plant, since 1958 - a furniture factory, and since 1967 - a city industrial complex. The products of Smelyansk enterprises are exported to 12 countries. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the city's industrial production increased by 30 percent. in 1970, products worth 85 million rubles were produced here. (in the new price scale), this is 7 times more than in 1950. Workers were the leading force in economic construction and the socio-political life of the city. During the fifth and sixth five-year plans, thousands of production leaders became famous for their selfless work. In 1958, competitions for the title of shock worker and communist labor brigade began to spread at industrial enterprises and the railway junction. The first in 1959 to receive this honorary title was the Komsomol-youth brigade of fitting workers at the steam locomotive repair plant, headed by G. A. Yashchenko. In the pre- and post-war years, 512 workers and employees were awarded orders and medals of the USSR for their selfless work, including 13 people with the Order of Lenin and 8 people with the Order of the October Revolution. The first holders of the Order of Lenin were the teacher I. Zharko, railway workers K. Korchalovsky, P. Levchenko, O. Tomusyak, and the holders of the Order of the October Revolution were workers of the machine plant M. Velichko, G. Skripnik, railway workers K. Belyaev, I. Grebenkov, I. Kurchashov, P. Koryakin, furniture factory worker V. Klimenko, teacher N. Kislenko. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan, a hospital was built and an emergency medical service was founded. Now there are 33 medical institutions in the city, including a city and railway hospital with 585 beds, 3 clinics, 15 outpatient clinics, a children's home with 100 beds, a tuberculosis dispensary, a regional psychiatric hospital, city and railway sanitary and epidemiological stations, a children's sanatorium, 7 pharmacies. There are 206 doctors and 651 medical workers with secondary specialized education guarding health care. At the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the city had 22 general education schools (including 9 secondary schools, 2 special boarding schools, 3 evening schools for working youth, 1 correspondence secondary schools, 7 eight-year schools) and a seven-year music school. They employed 615 teachers and educated over 10.2 thousand students. The best teachers O. V. Bezditko, K. A. Zaremba, I. M. Lenets, K. M. Rutenko were awarded the Order of Lenin. Educational work among schoolchildren is carried out by the House of Pioneers and the children's technical station (founded in 1956). There are over 2.3 thousand children in 19 kindergartens and nurseries. Today's Smela cannot be imagined without state and trade union cultural and educational institutions: 11 cultural centers and clubs with halls for 2,650 seats, a central city and 10 public libraries (their book stock is 576.6 thousand volumes), 11 cinemas for 3,730 seats. There are 142 amateur art groups operating at cultural centers and clubs, in which about three thousand people take part. The works of amateur prose writers and poets - members of the city literary association "Tyasmin" under the editorial office of the newspaper "Red Banner" - are published on the pages of newspapers and magazines. With the participation of the public, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution, the city folk museum of history and local lore and the museum of the history of the electromechanical repair plant were opened. Party organizations are the initiators of scientific and technological progress, more complete use of reserves, they have become the soul of socialist competition for the early fulfillment of the tasks of the ninth five-year plan. On the initiative of the city party committee and the city executive committee, collectives of workers at enterprises, buildings, educational and cultural institutions developed a long-term plan for the economic and social development of the city for 1971-1975. This plan provides for the expansion of construction and gasification of enterprises and residential buildings. In the industry, it is planned to update equipment, put into operation new conveyor and production lines, and allocate 15 million rubles in 1975. for capital construction (in 1970, 9.8 million rubles were allocated). During the Ninth Five-Year Plan, 16 shops and 16 canteens and cafes will be built in the city. A cultural center, a mechanical engineering club, a railway clinic, and 12 consumer service workshops will be built here. Over the next five years, the educational level of Smelyans will increase. The number of workers who will have secondary education will increase by 1.5 times. The vast majority of workers will study in schools of communist labor, excellence and special courses. The press plays an important role in the political and economic life of the city. On May 23, 1969, the regional newspaper “Red Banner” was awarded a Certificate of Honor from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR for its successful work in the communist education of workers, mobilizing them to carry out the tasks of economic and cultural construction and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the publication of the first issues. Electromechanical, repair and machine-building plants publish large-circulation newspapers “Zavodskaya Pravda” (since 1956) and “Mashinostroitel” (since 1959). Much work is carried out by trade union organizations, uniting 32,875 workers and employees. In January 1950, the city organization of the Knowledge Society was founded, which employs 987 lecturers. The city organization of the Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments numbers more than 15 thousand people. Many natives of Smela became experienced specialists in industry and agriculture, scientists and cultural figures, and military leaders. For important discoveries of mineral resources, Doctor of Geological Sciences M. G. Pustilnikov received the title of Lenin Prize laureate. A famous designer of mining equipment was Candidate of Technical Sciences, Lenin Prize laureate V. D. Sukach (1905-1965). A significant contribution to the development of hydraulic engineering was made by Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR G. F. Proskura (1876-1958). Doctors of Science O. A. Oleinik, D. P. Protsenko, O. G. Tsybko and over 20 candidates of science work in universities and research institutions. The poetess O.K. Zhurlivaya (Kotova, 1898-1970) was born here. A native of Smela, G. M. Stern went from a private to a colonel general, commander of the troops of the Far Eastern Front. For military services he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Komsomol member of the 20s, Colonel General K. S. Grushevy now works as a member of the Military Council, head of the Political Directorate of the Moscow Military District. He is a candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. Smela’s story is the story of many generations who cherished the dream of a free, happy and joyful life. It became a reality after the victory of the Great October Revolution, after the construction of a socialist society in our country. It will become even better after the implementation of the majestic outlines of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU and the XXIV Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine. Smila, a city of regional subordination, the center of the Smelyansky district of the Cherkasy region of the Ukrainian SSR. Located on the river. Tyasmin (tributary of the Dnieper), 30 km to the southwest. from Cherkassy. Railway station on the line Cherkassy - im. Taras Shevchenko. 59 thousand inhabitants (1975). Factories: mechanical engineering, electromechanical repair, brewing; milk canning plant, clothing and furniture factories. Railway maintenance enterprises transport, etc. College of food industry. Museum of Local Lore. Census of Jews in the Smelyanskaya volost of the Kyiv voivodeship and povet, compiled in 1764Miasto Śmiała. Rabin Smilanskj Major, zona jego Nacheyma, syn eden Iankiel, syn drugi Szymon, syn trzeci Chaim, córka Tomasia…6 osoby. A total of 171 people. List of teaching staff of the Smelyansky one-class primary school at the refinery gr. Bobrinsky dated February 20, 1914Tarasevich Grigory Petrovich (head of school, teacher) List of teachers of the Smelyansky one-class zemstvo school for 1917Kozlova Yulia Nikolaevna Head. school List of officials, postmen and loaders of the Bobrinsky railway post office in 1918.Yarzhembitsky Alexander (head of department) Salata Joachim (postman) Morozenko Foma (loader) Common surnames of people of the Orthodox faith in the city of Smela at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries.Augustinovich Common surnames of people of the Catholic faith in the city of Smela at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century.Abramkevich Common surnames of persons of the Jewish faith in the city of Smela in the middle of the 19th century.Animovsky Parish books for the town of Smela are stored in GACHO1. Kiev province 1. Kiev province 1.Kiev province 1. Kiev province 1. Kiev province 1. Kiev province 1. Kiev province 47 comments
Very useful material has been collected from my small homeland. A native of Smelya, 1984, now a Muscovite, a pensioner of the federal civil service, he graduated from the Smelyansk secondary railway school No. 65 in 1947 with excellent marks, in 1952 he graduated with honors from the Kiev Forestry Institute, worked as a forester in the Green Zone of Moscow, as a senior forester and director Elista forestry enterprise, researcher, deputy for scientific affairs and director of the Kalmyk NILOS, was the first head of the Forestry Department in Kalmykia, Honored Forester of Kalmykia, holder of two orders and three medals of the USSR, former member of the Union of Journalists of the USSR, author of more than 150 published works, former . member of the editorial board of the magazine "Forestry" and deputy head of the Main Directorate for Nature Conservation, Reserves, Forestry and Hunting of the USSR Ministry of Agriculture and the USSR State Agricultural Industry, now an amateur genealogist, compiling the pedigrees of his children and my native Muscovite grandchildren, a descendant of Busov Beloyarov, Gostomysl Burivoich , Gottlav Obodritsky and Rurikovich, Piast and Bjorn Urmansky from Skjeldungs, Prophetic Oleg and St. Olga, Vadim the Brave, Eriksons and Haroldovichs, Macedonians, Monomakhs and Paleologians, Gediminovich-Olgerdovich-Koributovich and Gediminovich-Koriatovich-Kurtsevich, Bogushev whose, Gulevichs, Belostotskys, Golitsyn, Zakrevsky, Kryvda, Kochubeev, Chingizid-Dzhuchid-Nogaid, Horns of Polotsk and Bert Ruzsky, Khazarid-Bulanid-Obadievich and Hanukkovich, Saint Vladimir the Great and Yaroslav the Wise, Saints Vasilko of Rostov and Michael of Chernigov, Peter and Fevronia of Murom, Anna Smolenskaya and Anna Kashinskaya, descendant of Zhuchenko and Obidovsky, Rozumov and Yanovsky, Lashkevich and Doroshenko, Goncharov and Chernay-Chernaenko, Dobrovolya and Dobrovolov, Dobrovolsky, Pesakh and Perekrestov, Nasikan and Batyr, Grebennichenko, Grebenyukov, Grebenikov (Grebennikov, Grebinikov). You can purchase it from the author on the Internet. You won’t regret it. I think it’s Dear friends! I Kotlyarevskaya Sofia was born in 1951 in the city of Smela, Cherkasy region, my friend was Tanya Khizhnyak, born in 1953, her brother Seryozha Khizhnyak, born in 1948. We lived on Sverdlov Street in our own house. After the demolition, we got an apartment. Then Tanya went to study, then everything was lost. By the way, the family consisted of a grandfather, grandmother, their daughter (she didn’t live with her husband) and two children Tanya and Seryozha Khizhnyak. That’s all I remember .If I helped you in any way, I’ll be glad. Dear(s), I ask for help in obtaining information about Danil Golubnichenko (patronymic name, alas, I don’t know). He died, presumably, in 195... years. There is an assumption that before the war he had something to do with Zagotzerno, or something similar. Thanks in advance for your attention. In 1947, Smelyansk secondary railway school No. 65 with me In my previous comment there was a mistake - the name Tatyana was indicated I kindly ask visitors of this site who have information about which village before 1848 near Orlovets in the Smelyanshchina Using the Internet, I was able to clarify that the name of my ancestor's wife I am looking for information about my long-deceased father and his relatives, Evgeniy Antonovich Kotlyarenko. He was born in 1928 in Smela. Parents: Anton and Maria, there were sisters Tatyana, I don’t remember the second (she seemed to be mute), brother Anatoly. During the war they tried to take my father to Germany, but he escaped. After the war, he was imprisoned for some kind of theft, he was married, and apparently had a child. I wandered around the country a lot, met my mother in Kazakhstan and I was born. Then, following his brother Anatoly, he left for the Murmansk region, from there to the Tyumen region, where he died tragically while hunting. He was a hunter and fisherman. Grandmother died in Smela in the beginning. 70s, grandfather before. Aunt Tatyana lived in the Kirovograd region in Novomirgorod in the beginning. 80s, then the traces were lost. That's all I know. I remember that my paternal cousin lived in Moscow and we met in the early 80s, but I don’t remember more precise information. If anyone knows anything about my father and relatives, I would be very grateful. Good afternoon In 1918, my Vysotskys lived in “Grechkovsky Lane” in Smela. Now I haven’t found such a lane on the map of Smela, but there is Grechkovskaya Street. I found information that this street was renamed in March of this year, and before that it was called 9th January Street in Soviet times. Maybe you know what this street could have been called before the revolution? Maybe they returned its historical name Grechkovskaya? Or maybe you know Grechkovsky Lane as it is called now? I would be grateful for any advice! Hello! Can you tell me where to start searching? My grandfather Kovalsky Adam Voitekovich and grandmother Kovalskaya Claudia Yanushevna with an infant in 1933. They died while boating in Lake Sevan. Their daughter was adopted. Good afternoon everyone, I am asking for help in obtaining information about my grandmother Gira Nina Ignatievna, born on January 22, 1928 in the village. Smile, Smilyansky district, Sumy region. Or perhaps you can tell me where to go for information. Thank you in advance. Hello. Help me find information about my ancestors. My great-grandmother's name was Anna Eremeevna, maiden name Denisova, born in 1885 in the Cherkasy region. With. She was brave, married Bogdanov Karpa Lavrentievich, born 1885 in Cherkassy. Disappeared in 1941 Good afternoon I would be very grateful if you could help me get information about the surname Poinar (Zakhar, Olimpiy Zakharovich and everyone about whom there is at least some information). My ancestors lived in the village. Zalevki, Smela. My father also tried to collect information, but in vain. Good afternoon. My father, Oleg Ivanovich Rybchenko, was born in Smela in 1922. I’m trying to find at least some information about Rybchenko’s grandfather Ivan Vasilich. I know for sure that I was directly related to the Smelyansky sugar factory. Before the war, he was an engineer or something similar; he was not called up to the front because he had a reservation from the factory. Actually, he died in the winter of 1941-42 during the German bombing of railway lines and his factory. I would be grateful for any information. Grandmother Rybchenko Zinaida Fedorovna and her father left the city to escape the Germans and probably never returned to their homeland. Good afternoon. Please tell me, is there a private boarding house for disabled men with a Christian bias in the city of Smela? Thank you in advance! Skip to navigation Skip to search
Smela(Ukrainian: Smila) - city, center of Smelyansky district. The village of Irdynovka is subordinate to the Smelyansky City Council. Geographical positionLocated on the left bank of the Tyasmin River. StoryThere are ancient mounds in various parts of the city and near it. Two significant ancient settlements and 44 mounds were first explored in 1879-1883 by A. A. Bobrinsky. These finds date back to partly the Stone Age and partly the Bronze Age. Reliable information about the emergence of Smela appears in the 16th century in documents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: on the site of the farm in 1542 the settlement of Yatskovo-Tyasmino appeared. In the 1650s, the modern name of the settlement appeared - Smela. A settlement with this name is also indicated on the map of the French engineer Boplan. The town of Smela arose in 1633 with the assistance of the magnate Stanislav Konetspolsky. There is a legend associated with the name of the city, which was recorded by Count L.A. Bobrinsky: “Some girl led the soldiers through a hard-to-reach swamp to the rear of the enemy. They defeated countless enemies in a bloody battle, but they did not save the girl. The warriors buried the heroine over Tyasmin and named her Bold, and the town of Tyasmin was named Bold in her honor.” Since 1648, Smela, a town of hundreds, belonged to the Chigirinsky regiment. In 1654, Pereyaslavl Colonel Pavel Teterya asked the Tsar in Moscow for a charter for Smela, and in 1658-1659 its owner was Colonel Daniil Vygovsky. According to the Slobodishchensky Treaty of 1660, the power of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was restored on these lands and Smela returned to the ownership of the Koniecpolskis. Constant battles, the tyranny of the Poles, raids by the Tatars and Turks led to ruin; many residents of Smila were forced to leave their native land and move to the Left Bank. In 1773, Smela acquired Magdeburg law. In 1768, Smela was attacked and captured by the Haidamaks, who killed the Poles and Jews living here. After the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1793, Smela became part of the Russian Empire and became a town in the Cherkasy district of the Kyiv province. Its industrial development began in the 1830s. An important role in the development of the city was played by Count A. A. Bobrinsky, who founded a sugar factory here in 1838 and a mechanical plant in 1840. The development of the city accelerated after the construction of the Fastov - Znamenka line of the Fastov railway through Smila in 1876. In 1909, through the efforts of the Bobrinskys, two gymnasiums (male and female) were founded; now one of these buildings houses the gymnasium named after V.T. Senator, and the other building houses the Lyceum During the Great Patriotic War, on August 4, 1941, the city was occupied by German troops, and on January 29, 1944, it was liberated by troops of the 373rd Infantry Division of the 78th Infantry Division of the 52nd Army of the 2nd Ukrainian Front during the Korsun-Shevchenko operation: The troops who broke through the enemy's defenses and participated in the liberation of Smila and other cities were thanked by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin dated February 3, 1944, and a salute was given with 20 artillery salvoes from 224 guns. In 1975, the population was 59 thousand people, there was a machine-building plant, an electromechanical repair plant, a sugar factory, and a brewery; milk canning plant, clothing factory, furniture factory, railway maintenance enterprises. transport, food industry technical school and local history museum. In January 1989 the population was 79,449. In May 1995, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine approved the decision to privatize the city's ATP-17128, ATP-17161, construction and installation department, machine-building plant, and district agricultural chemistry; in July 1995, the decision to privatize the Metallist plant and bakery was approved. In 1997, by decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the number of educational institutions was reduced: vocational schools No. 4, 5 and 12 were united into the Center for Training and Retraining of Workers. In 2015, the citric acid production plant was closed and began to be dismantled for scrap metal. Due to the presence of debt to the private company Smela Energoinvest LLC, the 2017/2018 heating season in the city began very late on November 16-17, 2017 and was completed ahead of schedule on February 1, 2018; The 2018/2019 heating season did not begin, and therefore a state of emergency was declared in the city on November 12, 2018. In April 2019, the sugar factory was declared bankrupt. EconomyMost of Smila's industry is focused on mechanical engineering; in addition, the food industry is also important. Smelyansky Electromechanical Plant repairs electrical machines (traction motors, generators, auxiliary electric machines of locomotives) for the needs of railway transport. TransportThe Smila railway station is located on the Pomoshnaya - Grebenka line, the second station in Smila is the junction station named after. Taras Shevchenko, connecting the city with many regions of Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic states and the Russian Federation. The Kyiv-Znamenka and Zolotonosha-Uman highways pass through the city. Famous peopleNatives Efim Andreevich Voinshin(1920-1982) - senior sergeant of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, participant in the Great Patriotic and Soviet-Japanese Wars, Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).
Twin Cities
City in Ukraine, Cherkasy region, on the river. Tyasmin. Railway junction. 81.2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Mechanical engineering and metalworking, food (sugar, dairy, etc.), clothing industry. Known since con. 16 in... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary City in Ukraine, on the river. Tyasmin. Railway junction 81.2 thousand inhabitants (1991). Mechanical engineering and metalworking, food (sugar, dairy, etc.), clothing industry. Known since the end of the 16th century. * * * BOLD BOLD, city in Ukraine, Cherkasy... ... encyclopedic Dictionary A city of regional subordination, the center of the Smelyansky district of the Cherkasy region of the Ukrainian SSR. Located on the river. Tyasmin (tributary of the Dnieper), 30 km southwest from the city of Cherkassy. Railway station on the Cherkassy line named after. Taras Shevchenko. 59 thousand inhabitants (1975). Factories:… … Great Soviet Encyclopedia Mst. Kyiv province, Cherkassy district, in the 25th century. from Cherkassy, between pp. Tyasmin, Serebryanka and the Irdynsky swamp (see). The time of S.'s founding is unknown; It was already considered a small town under the Polish cor. Casimir. In the 18th century, after the annexation of the region... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron The village of Smela, Ukrainian. Smila Country UkraineUkraine ... Wikipedia - [[File: |150px]] Country ... Wikipedia Country... Wikipedia Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Velichko. Maxim Konstantinovich Velichko Ukrainian Maxim Kostyantinovich Velichko Date of birth ... Wikipedia Smilyansky district Coat of arms Country Ukraine ... Wikipedia Wikipedia has articles about other people with this surname, see Kovpak. Alexander Kovpak ... Wikipedia Books
Heraldry
Coat of arms The coat of arms of Smila is the official symbol of the city of Smila, approved by the VIII session of the 21st convocation of the Smela City Council on July 10, 1992 city of Smela  The flag of Smila is the official symbol of the city of Smila, approved by the VIII session of the 21st convocation of the Smela City Council on July 10, 1992. Smelyansky district Smelyansky district(Ukrainian Smilyansky district) is an administrative unit in the southeast of the Cherkasy region of Ukraine. The administrative center is the city of Smela. The area is located in the central part of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine in the southeastern part of the Cherkasy region. It borders in the northwest with Gorodishchensky, in the north and east with Cherkasy, in the southeast with Kamensky, in the southwest with Shpolyansky districts of the region and in the south with Novomirgorodsky district of the Kirovograd region. Population: 38 thousand people. (2005) Villages and towns of the region
(Ukrainian Smila) is a city in the Cherkasy region of Ukraine. It is the center of the Smelyansky district. Located on the banks of the river. Tyasmin (at the confluence of Serebryanka), 30 km from the regional center. There are two railway stations in the city: im. T. G. Shevchenko and Smela. Population: 68,763 people. (2012) Telephone code: +380-4733 History of SmelaThe territory of the modern city and its environs has been inhabited for a long time. On the left bank of Serebryanka, in the area of the Irdyn marshes, in the Yurov Gore and Derenkivtsi tracts and in other places, late settlements that existed here more than 15 thousand years ago, settlements and a workshop of flint tools of the Neolithic era were discovered. Burials from the Bronze Age, Pre-Scythian, Early Scythian and Sarmatian times have been excavated in many mounds. One and a half kilometers above the dam, on the river. Tyasmin, early Slavic settlements of the Chernyakhov culture were found. A treasure trove of gold items was discovered near Smela, as well as a burial ground from ancient Russian times. In addition, several nomadic mounds from the 10th-12th centuries have been excavated. n. era. The first data on settlement on the territory of Smela are found in documents of the 16th century. It is known that in 1536 King Sigismund I transferred the lands on the hill above Tyasmin and Serebryanka to some Yusk or Yask Timkevich. He founded a farm here, popularly nicknamed Yatskov nad Tyasmin. The farm stood on the road along which the Tatars went to Ukraine. Soon he disappeared. It is likely that it was destroyed by nomads. Only the name of the tract remains - Yatskov. The Timkevichs could not come to an agreement with the boyars Zhubriks (they also considered the farm their property) and transferred the rights to their land to the Cherkassy townspeople. The Cherkassy eldership fought for a long time against the Zhubryks. At the end of the 16th century. On the site of the former farm, unregistered Cossacks founded a settlement, which they called Tyasmin. At the beginning of the 17th century. The settlement turned into a small-town settlement and in 1633 came into the possession of the Polish magnate S. Konetspolsky. Now it has become a town. Soon after Tyasmin was captured by Konetspolsky, the Tatars attacked him and drove many of the inhabitants into captivity. One girl led the Cossacks through the impassable Irdyn swamp to the enemy’s rear. “The warriors,” says the legend, “overcame the Tatar invasion in a bloody battle, but the girls did not save...” The warriors buried the heroine over Tyasmin and named her Smela, and the town of Tyasmin was renamed Smela in her honor. During the liberation war of 1648-1654. Smela is a small town of the Chigirinsky regiment and one of the strongholds of the rebel peasants and Cossacks. The son of Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Timofey, lived in the town. In 1653, the Russian embassies of A. Matveev - I. Fomin (in June) and R. Streshnyov - M. Bredikhin (in December) passed through Smela to Chigirin in 1653 to Hetman Bogdan Khmelnitsky 3. In March 1654, secretly from Bogdan Khmelnitsky, the town and its surroundings were begged from the Russian Tsar by the Pereyaslavl Colonel Teterya, who headed the Ukrainian embassy in Moscow. Fearing that the army would find out about this and severely punish him, Teterya did not take advantage of the permission. He buried the tsar's deed of gift for Smela in the ground. After the Truce of Andrusovo in 1667, Smela remained under Polish rule, and the town again became the property of the Koniecpolskis. The frequent raids of the Turks and Tatars at that time, who more than once besieged the town, burned buildings, robbed, and captured the population, forced the inhabitants of Smela in the 70s of the 17th century. leave their native places and move to Left Bank Ukraine. There they founded the settlement of Smeloye (now the village of the same name in the Romensky district of the Sumy region). In June 1674, Russian-Ukrainian troops under the command of governor G. Romodanovsky and hetman I. Samoilovich defeated a large detachment of the Khan's vizier and a detachment of the Turkish protege P. D. Doroshenko on Tyasmin near Smila. According to the terms of the “Eternal Peace” (1686), the lands on the right bank of the Dnieper and on the left bank of Tyasmin, including the territory of Smela, should be free. However, a little time has passed and the town begins to revive. This was facilitated by the growth of the liberation struggle of the people of the Right Bank under the leadership of S. Paliya. Since November 1742, Smela came into the possession of the Polish magnates Lubo Mirsky. To protect themselves from peasant-Cossack uprisings, the Lyubomirskys built a wooden castle in which they kept a military garrison. For ease of administration, the Lyubomirsky lands were divided into provinces or keys. Smela was the center of the spring, which stretched above Tyasmin along the border with Russia. For several decades, detachments of Haidamaks operated in the Smela area. They gathered in the Black Forest, not far from Smela. The population of the city took part in these uprisings, in particular in the uprising of 1734 under the leadership of Verlan, the Bear. Its fire spread to the Bratslav region. In 1759, a cavalry detachment (200 people) of the Haidamaks broke into Smela, and the next year 360 rebels captured the Smelyansky castle. And the struggle acquired a wide scope in 1768 during the Koliivshchyna. On June 7, a detachment of Haidamaks, led by Zheleznyak’s associate, Yesaul Burk, captured the town, burned the castle and destroyed many of the gentry. The Lyubomirskys managed to escape. Frightened by a powerful popular movement, tsarism helped suppress the uprising. To weaken anti-gentry sentiments, the Polish king in 1773 granted Smela Magdeburg law. However, even after this, Xavier Lyubomirsky, who owned Smelyanshchina, did not feel safe. He decided to sell the town and surrounding lands. In 1787 they were bought by the Russian prince G. A. Potemkin. Since 1793, Smela became the property of his nephew, Count A. N. Samoilov. After the reunification (1793) of Right Bank Ukraine with Russia, Smela was a district town for two years, and from January 1795 it became part of the Cherkassy district. Since 1838, the town with the surrounding lands and villages became the property of the Bobrinsky counts. Over ten years (1838-1848), the new owners opened 6 sugar factories. In 1840, a mechanical plant began operating in Smela, which manufactured equipment for sugar and agricultural machines. Since 1861, the town became a volost center. In Ukraine, on the left bank of the Tyasmin River, there is the city of Smela, which belongs to the Cherkasy region and is the center of the Smelyansky district. Smela is located 30 km from the regional center, and just over 200 km from the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. The city is located on an area of 40 km², and the population at the time of 2010 was over 81 thousand people. The official founding date of Smila is considered to be 1542. It was then that the settlement formed by unregistered Cossacks on the Tyasmin River began to be called Yatskovo-Tyasmin, and later simply Tyasmino. In the first half of the 17th century, these lands received the name Smela. The city has its modern name for a reason. According to legend, a brave girl - Smela or Smilikha - led the princely squad along only one path known to her, leading through the Irdyn swamps, which today surround the settlement. She is also credited with leading a rebel force against foreign invaders. According to legend, the enemy was defeated, however, Smelaya died from an enemy arrow. This legend became the basis of the city's coat of arms - it depicts a girl holding a broken arrow above her head as a sign of the victory of good over evil. As for attractions, the map of Smela shows several interesting objects that deserve the attention of tourists. One of the most important is located directly in the central part of Smila, on the territory of the city park of culture and recreation. Previously, there was an old wooden church here, which existed in 1818-1827. The new stone church appeared thanks to the former cornet of the Polish troops, Anton Sovetsky. Nowadays, this iconic building in the neoclassical style amazes with its lavishly decorated facade, and the interior is even more delightful. Since 2003, the Assumption Church has been returned to the Catholic community of the city, next to it there is a parish house building. The park in which the church is located is the former park of the Samoilov estate. Reconstructed in 1980, it is located on two levels. On the top there was an estate, the Church of the Transfiguration, which was destroyed by the Bolsheviks, and the Assumption Church itself. This ensemble forms a memorial park with many monuments, including the graves of the unknown soldier, the monument to V. Lenin, as well as a memorial sign on the occasion of the tragic disaster in Chernobyl. In addition, the park also has entertainment attractions where children love to frolic. The lower level of the park, which is adjoined by wide staircases from the Assumption Church, is truly unusually picturesque. Ponds, canals, and delicate pedestrian bridges on the banks of Tyasmin below the dam offer stunning views. In general, Smela’s photographs of this park are convincing proof of this. The next religious building is the main Orthodox church of the city -. The construction of the church from stone began in 1859. The temple was built in the Byzantine-Russian style, modeled on the Annunciation Cathedral in St. Petersburg, however, the Holy Intercession Cathedral is large in size and has only one central chapter. Housed in the building of a branch of the St. Petersburg Loan Bank, which was erected more than a century ago in the provincial Art Nouveau style, it is pleased to introduce its guests to the history of the region. Museum exhibitions number over 3.5 thousand exhibits. There are cartographic materials of past centuries, exhibits dedicated to the family of Counts Bobrinsky, archaeological finds and antiquities of the Dnieper region. And the real pride and highlight of the museum are such unique exhibits as a box made of glass and metal, created by Italian jewelers back in the 18th century, as well as a padlock from the mid-19th century. The outskirts of Smela have another museum of ancient life and folk crafts. It is located in the village of Pleskachovka and allows you to reproduce the way of rural life of the 19th century. In this place you can really go back two hundred years and try your hand at creating a wheel for a cart or grinding flour by hand. In addition, the museum has a working loom and other exhibits that tell about the folk crafts of that time. And they are fully capable of reuniting the protected areas that exist here with the local nature. The first one occupies an area of 149 hectares and is located on the northern outskirts of Smela, on the right bank of the Irdyn River. Wonderful landscapes are depicted by mountainous reliefs with deciduous vegetation.A notable feature of this corner is the fact that in the 1880s. archaeologist A. Bobrinsky discovered an ancient monument of archeology of the region on this mountain - a site and a workshop dating back to the Stone Age and existing 35-10 thousand years ago! The settlement is considered one of the oldest in the Cherkasy region. In addition, there is evidence that until 1190, the city of Kuldyuriv existed on Yurovaya Mountain, which served as an outpost on the southern border of Rus'. Another reserve near Smela is located on an area of more than 24 hectares and is designed to preserve the forest-steppe landscape of the Central Dnieper Upland. Shaeva Mountain is a unique natural complex with hills stretching along the Tyasmin River, as well as steppe vegetation. The territory of the reserve is inhabited by plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The tract also serves as an archaeological monument of a settlement of the Scythian era. At one time, archaeologists found here many Scythian burials, tools, as well as stone, bronze and bone objects. To summarize, I would like to note that the tourism potential of Smila is very great. Therefore, the cozy, quiet and calm town always welcomes its guests. Wiki: de:Smil ru:Smel en:Smila,_Ukraine Smela in Cherkasy region (Ukraine), description and map linked together. After all, We are places on the world map. Explore more, find more. Located 26.3 km southwest of Cherkassy. Find interesting places around, with photos and reviews. Check out our interactive map with places around you, get more detailed information, get to know the world better. There are 3 editions in total, the last one was made 3 years ago by Mucha from Moscow |
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