Comparative characteristics The presence of two heroes in a work helps the author to depict his characters more clearly and clearly. When compared, the images of the heroes can be revealed with the most unexpected side. This happened with Chelkash and Gavrila from M. Gorky’s story “Chelkash”.

Chelkash – representative of the “bottom” big city. He is well known to everyone working in the harbor, “an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief.” The author emphasizes his resemblance to a predator - “an old poisoned wolf”, he has a mustache like a cat, and he is especially similar to a steppe hawk with his “predatory thinness” and “aiming” gait.

Gavrila came from the village to earn money, but was unsuccessful. He is good-natured, trusting and, by Chelkash’s definition, looks like a calf. Gavrila agrees to work with Chelkash because he needs money, but he doesn’t know what kind of work we're talking about. Gavrila trusts Chelkash, especially when they are fed in a tavern on credit, this is proof for Gavrila that Chelkash is a respected person in the city.

Both heroes value freedom, but understand it differently. For Gavrila this is material well-being. Then he will be able to return home, improve his household, and get married. There is no money - you will have to become a son-in-law and depend on your father-in-law for everything, working as a laborer for him. Chelkash does not value money; for him freedom is a broader concept. He is free from property, from his family, from whom he separated long ago, from social conventions. He has no roots, he doesn’t care where to live, but he loved the sea. The author emphasizes the similarity of the sea element, the boundless and powerful, and freedom-loving nature of the hero. At sea, he felt that his soul was being cleansed “from everyday filth.” Gavrila, on the contrary, is afraid of the sea; the lack of soil under his feet instills fear in him. Chelkash knows what he is doing and is not afraid to take risks. Gavrila, realizing what he was dragged into, was scared to death. He is afraid of being caught and of the sin of ruining his soul.

Seeing Chelkash with a wad of money, Gavrila forgets about sin and agrees to steal again for money. After all, maybe “you won’t lose your soul, but you will become a man for the rest of your life.” He humiliatingly lies at Chelkash’s feet, begging for money, and at this moment the author shows Chelkash’s moral superiority: he “felt that he - a thief, a reveler, cut off from everything dear to him - would never be so greedy, so forgetful of himself.” .

His dignity and contempt for the spiritual slavery of man evoke the respect and admiration of the author. And Gavrila’s greed is such that he is ready to commit murder for money, and actually makes such an attempt. He later repents of her, but he took the money offered by Chelkash.

Therefore, when comparing these two heroes, we see that Chelkash is a prouder and freer person, and the author’s sympathies are on his side.

The story "Chelkash" was written in 1894. M. Gorky heard this story in Nikolaev, when he was in the hospital, from a neighbor in the ward. Its publication took place in 1895 in the June issue of the magazine “Russian Wealth”. This article will analyze the work “Chelkash”.

Introductory part

At the port, under the hot sun, the porters laid out their simple and simple food. The well-worn thief Grishka Chelkash approached them and learned that his friend and constant partner Mishka had broken his leg. This somewhat puzzled Gregory, because that night there was a profitable business ahead. He looked around and saw a stocky village guy, broad-shouldered, with blue eyes. He looked innocent. Chelkash quickly met Gavrila and persuaded him to take part in the night adventure. Familiarity with the story is required for the analysis of the work “Chelkash” to be clear.

Night voyage

At night, Gavrila, shaking with fear, sat on the oars, and Chelkash ruled. Finally they reached the wall. Grigory took the oars, passport and knapsack from his cowardly partner, and then disappeared. Chelkash appeared suddenly and handed his partner something heavy, oars and his things. Now we need to return to the harbor without falling under the lights of the patrol customs cruiser. Gavrila almost lost consciousness from fear. Chelkash gave him a good kick, sat down on the oars, and put Gavrila behind the wheel. They arrived without incident and quickly fell asleep. In the morning, Gregory woke up first and left. When he returned, he woke up Gavrila and gave him his share. Knowledge of the action taking place in the story will help to analyze the work “Chelkash”.

Denouement

When Chelkash was counting out the money, he was unpleasantly struck by the greedy village guy. The peasant begs to give him everything. The hero, with disgust for such greed, threw away the money. Gavrila began collecting them and telling them that he wanted to kill his accomplice because of them.

Grishka simply went wild, took the money from him and went. The stone whistled and hit Chelkash in the head. He fell onto the sand, motionless. The peasant, horrified at what he had done, ran to revive his partner. When Grishka came to his senses, he took a hundred for himself and gave the rest to Gavrila. They went in different directions. Now, having familiarized ourselves with the content of the story, we can analyze the work “Chelkash”.

Heroes: Chelkash and Gavrila

The spirit of romance and connection with nature permeates everything early works M. Gorky. Chelkash is free from the laws of society.

He is a thief and a homeless drunk. Long, bony, stooped, he looks like a steppe hawk. Chelkash is in an excellent mood - he will earn money at night.

Gavrila, a strong village guy, returns home. He didn't make any money in Kuban. He is in a sad mood.

Gorky describes in detail the thoughts of each of them before they agree on the robbery at night. Chelkash is a proud person; he remembers his former life, his wife, and his parents. His thoughts jump to the downtrodden country boy whom he can help. The main character loves the sea immensely. In his element, he feels free, and thoughts of the past do not bother him there. We are looking at the heroes of the story “Chelkash” (Gorky). An analysis of the work without their characters will not be complete.

Gavrila

Gavrila is not like that. He is immensely afraid of the sea, the darkness, and possible capture. He is cowardly and greedy. These qualities push him to an outright crime when in the morning he saw big money for the first time in his life. First, Gavrila falls to her knees in front of Chelkash, begging for money, because he is just a “vile slave.”

The main character, feeling disgust, pity and hatred for the little soul, throws him all the money. Upon learning that Gavrila wanted to kill him, Chelkash becomes furious. This is the first time he's been so angry. Gregory takes the money and leaves. Gavrila, unable to control her greed, seeks to kill her accomplice, but this makes the insignificant soul afraid. He again begs for forgiveness from the main character - a man of a broad soul. Chelkash throws money to the pathetic Gavrila. He staggers and leaves forever. Having examined the main characters, you can analyze the story as a whole.

Analysis of the work “Chelkash” (Maxim Gorky)

First comes detailed description port and its life. Then the heroes appear. Gorky emphasizes cold gray eyes and nose, humpbacked and predatory, and a proud free disposition. Gavrila is a good-natured guy who believes in God, and, as it turns out, is ready to do anything for money. At first it seems that the villain Chelkash is forcing the simple-minded Gavrila to turn from the straight path onto the thieves' path. The sea is an important and significant component of the story. It reveals the nature of the heroes.

Chelkash loves its strength, power, vastness and freedom. Gavrila is afraid of him, prays and asks Gregory to let him go. The peasant becomes especially frightened when searchlights illuminate the distance of the sea. He takes the light of the ship as a symbol of retribution and makes himself a promise to order a prayer service to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In the morning, a drama plays out due to the greed that has gripped Gavrila. It seemed to him that Chelkash gave him little money. He is on the verge of murder, and no thoughts about God bother him. Wounded by him, Chelkash disgustedly gives away almost all the money, which Gavrila quickly hides. All traces of blood are washed away by the rain. Water is unable to wash away the dirt from the soul of Gavrila, who fears God. Gorky tells how he loses human image peasant, how low a creature who considers himself a human falls when it comes to profit. The story is built on the principles of antithesis. This is where Chelkash ends. The work is briefly analyzed.

Chelkash and Gavrila – victims of the capitalist world?

(Based on the story “Chelkash” by M. Gorky)

Petrova Natalia Nikolaevna,

teacher at Kamennikovskaya school

Rybinsk district

Lesson: traditional.

Lesson type: learning new material

Goal: using the example of M. Gorky’s story “Chelkash” to show the injustice of a society where money rules, as well as the unpredictability of our lives, false and real, that often a person with a certain appearance does not correspond to his inner “content”.

Textbook: G.V.Moskvin, N.N.Puryaeva, E.L.Erokhina. Literature: 7th grade: Textbook-reader for educational institutions: at 2 hours. Part 2. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2010.

Lesson summary: traditional lesson using techniques from technology critical thinking: clusters, comparison table, forecasting, syncwines; are being processed different types working with text, the ability to express one’s point of view in a reasoned manner, to find the necessary facts and episodes in the text, to analyze key episodes The story instills the moral rules of human society: honesty, sincerity, nobility. Preliminary homework: reading an article about M. Gorky (p. 198-199), reading the story “Chelkash” (preface and part 1).

During the classes:

Checking d/z. Independently reading an article about Gorky at home makes it possible to answer questions A p. 198 and B1 p. 199, as well as predict the plot and features of the story “Chelkash”. Discussion.

Discussion of the part of the story “Chelkash” read at home.

Where does the action take place? What time? Label the colors and sounds.

How did you understand the phrase – the first sentence of the third paragraph (a hymn to trade).

The harbor means ships with goods and the people who work here. Let's divide into groups and characterize them by filling in the clusters: “Steamboats” and “People”.

Discussion of the result. - Which artistic techniques uses Gorky to create more expressive images? Examples? Why is he doing this? (The details of the picture create the feeling that work here is not pleasure, but slave labor; a feeling of hopelessness, injustice...).

Why does the author call the comparison of ships and people “cruel irony”? (people, on the one hand, are creators, they created such giant steamships, they conduct trade, it seems there should be money, but, on the other hand, they are beggars, have nothing, “what people created enslaved and depersonalized them”).

What does this description give us, the readers? What feelings do you experience and what do you anticipate? (a tense feeling, something terrible, bad will happen next; in such a situation nothing bright can happen...).

Grishka Chelkash, main character story, appears on the very first lines of the first chapter. Remember his description: appearance, who he resembles, gait, speech, etc. What words does Gorky emphasize? For what? Express your first opinion about the hero.

For the first time here in the story the words appear tramps, tramps. How do you understand?

How do Grishka’s dialogues with other workers and the port guard help us understand his character?

At the same time, a comparison table is filled in (reception from the RKMChP technology):

Grishka Chelkash

Matching lines

Character traits

Attitude towards others

Attitude of others

In the same chapter we meet another hero of the story - Gavrila. Let’s supplement the table by quoting and recalling facts from the part we read concerning the personality of this hero.

How does part 1 end? Reread internal monologue Chelkasha. What can you say about him? Your attitude?

Part 2. independent reading in class. Discussion.

What is this part about?

How do characters behave in the same situation?

What else do we learn about the heroes? What can you add to the table?

What is your attitude towards both characters? Is it changing?

Part 3. The last part remains. It is done. We confirmed to ourselves that Chelkash is a thief, experienced, brave, always thinking about everything, but risking for the sake of big money, for the sake of relaxation and entertainment that will come later. The attitude of most of you towards him is negative, and this is understandable. The attitude towards Gavrila is different. The hulk, a hard-working peasant, having become friends with Chelkash, broke the law, became a thief, an accomplice. We sincerely feel sorry for him, we worry about him: how can he good intentions did not end badly (after all, we know the “predatory” Grishka!).

Reading aloud part 3 (the “reading with stops” technique from the RKMChP technology)

1) to p. 222 to the question “What is this bothering you”?

So what action of the heroes did Gorky leave us with at the end?

Money. What is the attitude of our heroes towards them? What are their actions? Compare. What is your attitude to what is happening?

2) before the words “...Give them to me!”

Did you expect this?

Re-read the words describing the state of Gavrila and Chelkash. Conclusion?

What do you think Chelkash will do?

3) until the end of the story.

Express your attitude to what is happening. What was expected and what was not?

And one more point that cannot be missed in the story: this is the sea. We see his description throughout the entire story. What meaning does it carry? (location of action, emphasizes the character of the main character...). Why do the last lines of the story end again? seascape?

5. Conclusions.

What are the themes and problems of Gorky's story?

Let's return to the topic of our lesson: can you confirm once again that both Chelkash and Gavrila are victims of the capitalist world?

With what features early stories Gorky we met?

6. D/z: 1) draw up a story plan (optional - quotation); 2) written reasoning – p.228 question B 10; 3) optional - syncwines.

"CRUEL IRONY"

“WHAT PEOPLE CREATED HAS enslaved and dehumanized them”

All of M. Gorky's plots can be logically divided into several, approximately two, groups, which were based on the division of the use of plots. So, some were created by the writer on the basis of legends and traditions, while others were based on real facts. By the way, Alexey Maksimovich came up with some of his legends on his own. What if these were stories based on real events, then most often this reality came from the life of tramps, people who found themselves at the very bottom of life, and it completely ceased to be interesting.

It is known that the basis of its unusual story“” the author put an incident that really happened in life. The writer himself claimed that the main character even had a prototype. Maxim Gorky himself said that the author himself met and became acquainted with this prototype, from which he drew the image of the main character Chelkash, in a big city.

Then he lived in Nikolaev for some time, and when he saw one tramp, he was surprised by his cheerfulness and carelessness. He also told a story to the writer about a guy he hired for a job who acted treacherously. But when he told his story, Maxim Gorky drew attention to his face, highlighting his lips, which exposed his snow-white teeth.

In Gorky's story there are two main characters - Chelkash himself and Gavrila. They are poor people, tramps, people from the countryside, so they knew very well how hard peasant labor was, and they themselves were accustomed to work. According to the plot, the reader learns that he met Gavrila by chance, in the port where he came to see his friend. But he was in the hospital, and Chelkash needed a partner for his “business.”

To Chelkash he seemed like one of his own, because they have the same roots. Even their clothes were the same: wide trousers, bast shoes and some kind of cap of a strange reddish color. According to the writer’s description, Gavrila was a thick-set and large young man. The author himself drew attention to the interesting eyes of the village guy: large and blue, very trusting and a little good-natured.

The village hero easily determines the profession of Chelkash’s partner: he throws his nets over other people’s sheds and barns. Gavrila is the complete opposite of Chelkash. And this man at first simply despised Gavrila, and then, after the “case,” he simply began to hate him. And, according to Chelkash, there was something to hate him for. For example, because Gavrila was young and strong, because his eyes were clear, his face was tanned and muscular, and his arms were strong.

He had his own house in the village and came to the city to earn a little extra money and then buy a house in the village and get married. But still, the main thing why Chelkash hated Gavrila so much was because this young village guy had not yet learned all of life, had not deteriorated. He still loved nature, freedom and life.

But when a conflict began between the young people and Gavrila dared to object, Chelkash boiled over, and the objection from young man he considered it an insult that, in his opinion, some young village boy inflicted on him as an adult and independent man.

But this guy from the village was afraid of the trade he went on with Chelkash. After all, he did not immediately understand what he would need to do. This matter of this nature was new to him; it was his first time participating in such matters, which is why he was so worried. But Chelkash behaved completely differently: he was calm and balanced.

To some extent, his partner’s fear even amused and amused him. He also experienced some strange feeling, like pleasure, from the fact that he, a simple village guy, Chelkash could be a formidable and stern person for someone, and this elevated him in his own eyes.

When the young people went to work, even here Chelkash behaved calmly and evenly. So he rowed the oars evenly, unlike Gavrila, who, realizing that the matter was not easy, rowed nervously and very quickly. Of course, Gavrila is a newcomer to this strange “business,” which is why it was so difficult for the young man. And it’s a completely different matter for Chelkash, who perceives such a trip as the most common thing. And here he acts as a negative character. So, he doesn't try to understand young guy, he yells at him, condemns him and even intimidates him.

But, returning on the road, a conversation arises between the young people, where he tries to find out from the thief how he lives without land, without labor. These questions from a young guy make him think, remember his simple rural childhood. But this was in the past, still the one in which there was no theft. And this made Chelkash feel differently. He felt lonely and sad.

The climax of Gorky's story is a fight that breaks out over money. The young man Gavrila, who has been so sympathetic to the reader throughout the entire plot, begins to demand all the money. And here Chelkash turns out to be more noble: he still gives him everything, although he even offended him with words, calling him an unnecessary and even superfluous person.

Gavrila is one of central characters story by M.A. Gorky "Chelkash". The narrative is based on the contrast between Chelkash (an experienced and clever thief and an experienced drunkard) and Gavrila (a young unemployed peasant). Let us dwell in more detail on the analysis of the image of the latter.

Gavrila is a stocky village youth. He failed trying to make money in the city to support himself and his mother. Now all he had to do was return home, marry a wealthy bride and become a farm laborer. Chelkash immediately disliked him for the strength and health that the young man radiated: “... I hated him because he had such clear blue eyes, a healthy tanned face, short strong arms...”, while the main character at first sight I was attracted by the good nature and gullibility of the peasant.

At the same time, Gavrila is a coward - by agreeing to deal with a thief-smuggler, he appears to the reader as a coward. He is scared to the point of tears, he does not want to complete the matter and wants Chelkash to let him go. Already here we can see the contrast between a fearless and, most importantly, free drunken adventurer and a frightened slave of his life. Chelkash convinces him to finish the job, but then the essence of the hero is revealed to the reader in a new light.

Gavrila receives a small part of the total proceeds and greed awakens in his soul. The poor peasant is overcome by an uncontrollable feeling of greed, while he feels weaker than his partner, falling to his knees and begging him for money. He is dependent, unlike Chelkash, dependent on his condition, dependent on his passions (greed), dependent on a drunkard he barely knows. The emotions that arise in an unhappy person push him to a rash act - he throws a stone at Chelkash. His tossing and turning - he either runs away, then returns and bitterly repents of what he has done - again testifies to us of the weakness of his personality. He cannot be consistent here either. Fearfulness, cowardice - this is his weakness human soul.

It is important to talk about how Chelkash himself sees his partner. He does not understand how he can torture himself so much for the sake of money; pity for the poor man is combined with disgust for such a vision of the world. Chelkash feels superior to Gavrila, he calls him “young calf” and “child”. He gives the money to the peasant, realizing that nothing can fix such a soul. It is in the comparison of Chelkash and Gavrila that we understand all the pettiness and meanness of the second.

Lack of self-esteem, steadfastness of character and moral values, fearfulness and greed of Gavrila - these are the qualities that are emphasized by M. Gorky. He lacks that thirst for freedom that is inherent in Chelkash, therefore, despite the fact that in the end most of the money remains with Gavrila, it is Chelkash who emerges from the little drama on the seashore as the winner.

IN early work The writer's main place is occupied by romantic moods. The inseparable connection between man and nature, Special attention to a personality that combines loneliness and freedom, a challenge to society and its laws, a conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist - these features of romanticism are reflected in the story “Chelkash”.

Option 2

In his work (Chelkash), Maxim Gorky pays special attention to the personality and inner shell of a person, revealing to the reader how deceptive the outer shell can be. main topic The novel is a confrontation between two heroes, Chelkash (a thief and a drunkard) and the unemployed ordinary peasant Gavrila.

Gavrila is a strong, healthy guy, with brown hair and broad shoulders. It was not possible to make money in Kuban, and he was again forced to return to his village. After the death of his father, Gavrila was forced to go to work as a farm laborer to feed himself and his mother. The young man has a good disposition, beautiful appearance and an open look. It was for this reason that Chelkash was disliked. Although, on the other hand, he liked the simplicity and kind soul Gavrila.

Their meeting happened completely by chance. A dispute between them about dexterity and courage led to the fact that the young man agrees to go on a “dark deed” with a smuggler thief. It is this incident that completely reveals the entire essence and nature of Gavrila. He turns out to be an ordinary coward.

Gavrila experiences panic and tries in every possible way to avoid what is happening. But Chelkash convinces Gavrila to complete his plan. Having received a small amount, the young man is overwhelmed by a feeling of greed and greed. He falls to his knees in front of Chelkash and begins to beg for more money. This moment shows everything inner essence Gavrila, he is dependent on circumstances and his own greed.

The young man is so tormented by his flaring emotions that out of despair, without thinking, he throws a stone at Chelkash. Personal weakness lies in constant confusion and one’s own weakness. The young guy either becomes a coward and runs away, then returns again and repents of what he has done. Chelkash has ambivalent feelings for Gavrila. On the one hand, it is pity and misunderstanding how one can torment oneself so much for the sake of money. On the other hand, he is disgusted by this state of the human soul. In the end he gives most of the money to Gavrila. Chelkash understands all the pettiness and meanness of the young man’s nature.

The image of Gavrila is the essence of a petty, mean and greedy person who lacks self-esteem and moral values. He is completely dependent on own desires and circumstances. Cowardice and weakness are the main traits of Gavrila.

Essay about Gavrila from the work Chelkash

Maxim Gorky's story "Chelkash" tells the story of a thief. Grigory Chelkash is well known to people who live on the coast. Everyone knows him as an avid drunkard and a brave thief.

Gavrila, an ordinary peasant man. In Gorky's story, he appears to the reader as a nice guy who works to support his mother and home.

These two different people meet completely by chance. A dispute ensues between them about who is better and more dexterous. Chelkash decides to take Gavrila on the case. To do this, he treats the guy in a tavern and thereby gains confidence in him. Chelkash becomes something of a master for Gavrila. He feels strength in Grigory, begins to trust him, and Gavrila is imbued with a certain feeling of gratitude and submission to him.

While the men are sailing to steal, Gavrila is overcome with fear many times. Here the reader understands that this “nice guy,” a simple peasant, is in fact a coward. Gavrila asks Chelkash to let him go. Because of this, there is noise in the boat and they are almost overtaken by the keepers of order. But everything goes well, the business is completed, and the men sail to sell their booty.

Gavrila, who was cowardly and timid in front of the sea, saw how much money Chelkash received for stolen item, begins to think about how much he could do on his land if he had so much money. Here the most terrible human vice awakens in the “nice guy” - greed. The author of the story describes the feeling that arose in Gavril as very exciting, exciting and revealing in a person all the worst that can be.

Chelkash, although a thief, kept his word and gave Gavrila money. But this was not enough for the hero. Then Gavrila decided to beg Chelkash for all the money. The drama that takes place on the seashore between two people shows the reader the consequences of greed. IN this story Gavrila was ready to kill a person just to get all the money for the stolen item.

At the beginning of Maxim Gorky's story "Chelkash" Gavrila appears as an ordinary peasant who farms the land and works to feed his family. But subsequently the author reveals in this hero the lowest and most terrible human qualities such as cowardice, greed and anger.

The work is a combination of an everyday essay with a satirical tale, consisting of two parts, about the typical harsh everyday life of the Russian peasantry.

In winter it gets dark early and you can’t really walk around in the evening. The day seems very short. And we spend more time at home.