What was the established order of the Belgorod fortress like? What was Belgorod housing and communal services like a century ago? About light and heating

Sections of the site

Editor's Choice:

Advertising

home - Children 6-7 children

In April 1649, the king Alexey Mikhailovich approved the Order on city deanery. In it, the sovereign commands “to avoid dirt - to have a janitor in every yard” in order to “take care of all yard work, repairs and other matters.” Thus, for the first time, supervision over the performance of the functions of “public decency” (doing good for society) was created at the state level. This is considered the time when Russian housing and communal services were founded.

And the decree Peter the Great dated January 16, 1721, transferred the functions of “public deanery” to the Russian police created by that time. Peter I called the police “the soul of citizenship and all good order”, associated with this department the concepts of “population welfare”, “prohibition of excesses in household expenses”, “practicing good homeowners”, “cleanliness in the streets and in houses”.

Janitor, dear janitor

In our case, these words from the scary song of the Agatha Christie group sound calm and respectful. For more than a hundred years, little has changed in the tools with which street cleaners bring beauty to the streets and courtyards. Representatives of this profession are depicted in metal Taras Kostenko. Today this sculpture is one of the attractions of Belgorod.

It was thanks to janitors that a century ago Belgorod was recognized by contemporaries as one of the best district cities not only in the Kursk province, but also Russian Empire. He wrote about this in the book “Kursk Province on old postcard» local historian Yuri Donchenko, further noting that “it [Belgorod] made a pleasant impression on every visitor, giving enough comfort to those living in it.”

Photo by Vladimir Yurchenko

IN 1913 the janitor's salary was 18 rubles per month. With this money he could buy a choice of three coats or four suits, 12 pairs of leather shoes, more than 80 kg of beef, 54 bottles of vodka, 1,250 loaves of bread, over a ton of potatoes, and almost 700 liters of milk. The janitors lived in collectives in the janitor's quarters; their families usually remained in the village. Equipment and ammunition were issued by the government. The janitors were always required to have a metal plaque indicating the block number and a whistle - “in case of scaring away adversaries and calling the policeman.”

Best of Fourteen

At the beginning of the last century, the city authorities of Belgorod treated the comfort of the citizens with commendable responsibility, at least this is what the documents testify. IN 1913 In the city, the Law “On Ensuring Normal Rest for Employees in Trade and Craft Establishments” has been in force for seven years and has been strictly observed. The fifth article of this document prohibited trade in Sundays and church holidays.

"Guide to Belgorod"Ivan Kulegaeva says that in 1911 Belgorod was a pretty good district town, “the best of the 14 cities of the Kursk province.” It had everything that should have been in a city with organized trade, consumer services and housing and communal services appropriate for its time.

There was something to keep an eye on: there was a hospital, pharmacies, doctors, police and fire departments, printing houses, bathhouses, bookstores, and a brewery. Belgorod residents were entertained by three cinemas, two concert halls. On holidays and weekends one could walk in city parks. In Belgorod to 1913 there are about two dozen educational institutions. Trading enterprises brought grain, livestock, wool, leather, lard, wax and manufactured goods.

Naturally, even at that time, a significant problem was garbage removal, its storage and disposal. However, the Belgorod Zemstvo Council strictly monitored this - they punished careless business executives and were in charge of the structure and maintenance public buildings. And the housing commission kept records of rent and utility bills. There was another organization - the City Housing Tax Presence. Receipts were issued taking into account a special gradation, based on which buildings the apartments were in - brick or wooden.

According to the Estimation and Statistical Department of the Kursk Provincial Zemstvo for 1913, apartments with two to five bedrooms cost their owners from four to six rubles a month. The payment included heating, lighting, sewage treatment and repairs. For these purposes, the Belgorod Zemstvo Administration of the Belgorod Uyezd spent no less than 15 % your annual budget, or about 50 thousand rubles. Well, in general, up to 80 % budget funds.

Water story

At the end of the 18th century, the Empress Catherine II ordered the construction of the first water supply system in Moscow. Construction was entrusted to the general Bauer. Search clean water led to springs near the village of Bolshie Mytishchi, from where they began to build the first Moscow water supply system. The work was completed by 1804. IN 1898 The first sewerage system was built in Moscow.

And in Belgorod, the first water supply system with lifting machines began to operate with 1871. The city was supplied with spring water from under the Chalk (White) Mountain through water supply networks, the length of which was 5 km. The released water was measured in buckets. In the first year, Belgorod residents received 621.5 thousand buckets of water - 7.8 thousand cubic meters of water. In the Zhiloy settlement (the western part of the city from the Moscow highway) in 1886, a water supply was installed from an artesian well. By the way, to this day Belgorod residents drink artesian water.

By the beginning of the 20th century, 20% of Russian cities had water pipes. The average water consumption in cities was no more than 40 liters per day per person. The quality of the supplied water left much to be desired. Sewage systems with treatment of waste streams were available only in 23 cities of the Russian Empire. In the country as a whole, the sewer network reached only 18% of the total length of the water supply network. According to statistical reports of that time, 60% of the city's housing stock did not have electricity, almost 80 did not have running water and 90 did not have sewerage. The share of housing stock with central heating was about 1%. Belgorod was no exception in these indicators, although, as Anatoly Krupenkov and Boris Osykov noted in the “Historical Chronicle of Belgorod,” there was a steady trend towards development.

According to Kulegaev’s guidebook, Belgorod’s water supply system by this time consisted of two country water pumps. There were two tanks - on Bazarnaya and Peter and Paul Squares. “18 water collection booths have become operational in the city. Water supply was provided to 181 private households and 8 city houses. There are 45 fire hydrants in operation.” Net income from the water supply system exceeded 6 thousand rubles per year.

As the city develops, the water supply system also develops. The volume of released water is already 1910 amounted to 8 million buckets, or almost 100 thousand cubic meters of water.

December 1910 The Belgorod city government adopts a resolution by which it decides to complete the construction of the water supply system and “take care to replace the most unsuitable water meters with new ones.” It is also noted that water booth guards should keep books to record daily revenue from the sale of water. Well, after five years - in 1915– the volume of water supplied by the pipeline more than doubled and amounted to about 260 thousand cubic meters.

Its fountains are inseparable from Belgorod and its city water supply. The very first of them appeared simultaneously with the citywide water supply in 1871. It became a decorative source in convent, which was used for consecration and recruitment drinking water V church holidays. At the turn of the century, a fountain appeared in the city in New Square - one of the most recognizable symbols of pre-revolutionary Belgorod.

About light and heating

The first power plant started operating in Belgorod in August 1911. It was then that the opportunity arose to illuminate the city streets not with kerosene lanterns, but with light bulbs.

TO 1913 light was supplied eight months of the year. Moreover, according to the “Historical and statistical collection of the Belgorod province”, published in 2012, from January to May, the illumination of the city on non-moonlit nights occurred from 5 pm to 3 am, from September to December - from 5 pm to 6 am.

Among the main municipal specialties in demand in 1913 in Belgorod, there was a profession of a fireman. It was the stokers who provided warmth and comfort in houses, offices, government institutions county town. All of them were heated with coal or wood. The stokers received good wages - up to 30 rubles a month, and ate in factory canteens. Lunch cost them 32 kopecks. For those without housing, the city authorities provided a hostel in a two-story brick building. On the top floor there was a room with a stage for performances and cinema. Movies were shown on Saturdays, performances were given 12 times a year. There was also another room there - for billiards, books and magazines.

Hey cab driver!

To the sample household service 1913 in Belgorod, undoubtedly, it is worth including cab drivers. They flew recklessly and recklessly on Bagrovaya, Gostenaya, Kurskaya, Moskovskaya, Sumskaya and even Narrow streets of the city. By that time there were quite a few of them in Belgorod. There was even a special settlement, called the Yamshchikov settlement, with a population of 199 souls.

But it only seemed that this service acted chaotically and uncontrollably. In fact, there was a stationary station in the county center - the prototype of the current taxi depot. The owner of the stoic point was the merchant Antsyrev. He stored hay for the horses, made sure they were fed, healthy and shod. It was also imperative to ensure that the station was kept clean, and the cab drivers started work sober. And this stoic point was in charge, writes Anatoly Krupenkov in the almanac “Old Belgorod,” 3,213 horses, which ran 62,243 miles in a year.

The dachshund’s note was interesting: “The committee for organizing celebrations earnestly asks gentlemen who come not to believe the cab drivers who are spreading ridiculous rumors about various kinds of terrible diseases in some hotels. This is done in order to obtain extra fees from hotel owners who have persuaded cab drivers to deliver visitors to them.”

Tax for cab drivers in pre-revolutionary Belgorod from the “Guide to Belgorod” by Ivan Kulegaev
one-horse ride from the station and to the station – 20 kopecks;
steam-box - 35 kopecks;
one-horse end around the city - 15 kopecks;
steam-box - 25 kopecks.

During the celebrations:
per hour one-horse – 60 kopecks;
steam-window - 1 ruble;
one-horse at the end - 30 kopecks;
steam-box - 50 kopecks;
to the station - 10 kopecks more expensive than the end.

Cab drivers and a station in Belgorod existed until 1917. Followed by 1913 events - the beginning of the First World War, October Revolution– slowed down for a long time the further development of public utilities not only in Belgorod, but throughout Russia.

TO 1917 for 800 cities in the country there were 200 water supply systems, 23 sewerage systems, 35 tram enterprises, 600 bathhouses and only 13 laundries. Only in 1927 The level of development of the Russian public utility service has increased to 1913.

Vitaly Sochkan

Belgorod Fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unsightly appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that there is no active military action here, the service goes on calmly. Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Egorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all her husband’s affairs, the atmosphere in the fortress is almost homely. This made a depressing impression on Grinev.

How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

Tell us about its inhabitants.

Ivan Kuzmich, commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, show an example of the old patriarchal

way of life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna supports her husband in everything, comments (not without a bit of irony) on his actions, and gives advice. From her remarks we learn that the captain “does not know much” about the service, and accordingly, cannot teach his subordinates anything. Shvabrin calls Vasilisa Egorovna “a beautiful lady.”

Let us remember that the epigraph is one of the means of expression author's position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, since the narration is conducted on behalf of the main character. The author is ironic, using the following epigraph: The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and the “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is really here.

The second quote from Fovizin’s “Nedoroslya” also sets the reader up in an ironic mood: “strange people” in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities.

Glossary:

what the Belogorsk fortress was like and the rules established in it
what are your impressions of each of the characters?
how to explain this family character relations between people in the fortress
what is the Belogorsk fortress and the rules established in it
what was the Belgorod fortress like and the rules established in it?

Chapter III. Fortress

What was the Belgorod fortress like and the order established in it?

How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

This was explained by the morals of the commandant of the fortress and his wife. These are people of the old way, they treated their subordinates without ceremony, and most of the soldiers were local residents. This was also determined by the fact that strict discipline was not required, since minor unrest of the Bashkirs was not dangerous.

Tell us about its inhabitants.

Ivan Kuzmich, the commandant of the fortress, and his wife, Vasilisa Egorovna, show an example of the old patriarchal way of life. They live in perfect harmony, Vasilisa Egorovna supports her husband in everything, comments (not without a bit of irony) on his actions, and gives advice. From her remarks we learn that the captain “does not know much” about the service, and accordingly, cannot teach his subordinates anything. Shvabrin calls Vasilisa Egorovna “a beautiful lady.”

We learn about Shvabrin that he has been in the fortress for five years, and is here as punishment for a duel that ended in death. Shvabrin tries to make friends with Grinev, but he succeeds. In this chapter he is characterized as a witty, cheerful person.

Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool. But the reader understands that she is sensitive (cannot stand gunfire), brought up in old traditions, and not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but they regret it only because it might prevent their daughter from getting married).

What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?

Let us remember that an epigraph is one of the means of expressing the author’s position. It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, since the story is told on behalf of the main character. The author is ironic, using the following epigraph: The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and the “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is really here.

The second quote from Fovizin’s “Minor” also sets the reader up in an ironic mood: “strange people” in the sense that they are very far from the world, not developed properly, because they are far from the center of Russia, from large cities.

What are your impressions of each of the characters?

The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, already an elderly commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.

Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people.

Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.

Shvabrin evoked ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, he is a cheerful, witty person. On the other hand, Grinev’s remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming. It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.

How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

Tell us about its inhabitants.

What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?

What are your impressions of each of the characters?

The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, already an elderly commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.

Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people.

Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.

Visually imagine the picture that is contained in just one phrase: “The river has not yet frozen, and its lead waves sadly blackened in the monotonous banks covered with white snow.” Describe the epithets that are used here.

Lead waves create a sharp contrast with the white shores covered with snow. Before us is a landscape of the beginning of winter, depicted graphically. It is very reminiscent of an engraving, and its outlines create an alarming mood. Not only do the colors of the beginning of winter appear before the viewer, but a certain mood is also created. Thus, the epithet lead conveys the heavy movement of freezing water.

Carefully read the description of the Belogorsk fortress and compare it with the imaginary fortress that Petrusha expected to see. How could the idea of a mighty fortress form in the minds of a minor?

Petrusha read little, but even in the fairy tales that he could hear from his mothers and nannies, there were fairy-tale palaces and impregnable fortresses. They are always depicted in our minds as mighty, made of powerful stones and with their walls and towers stretching upward. It’s worth imagining such a fortress for a moment, and then re-reading the description of the poor and neglected structure that the Belogorsk fortress was. At the same time, you will immediately feel the strength of the disappointment that should have gripped Petrusha.

Describe the first appearance of the new officer at the commandant of the fortress. With what feeling does the narrator describe this scene? How is this description related to the second epigraph of the chapter (“Old people, my father”)? Let us remember that these are words from “The Minor” by D. I. Fonvizin. Who says this phrase in a comedy?

Let's not forget that the story is narrated from the perspective of Pyotr Grinev, who has matured and remembers his youth. The scene of Petrusha’s appearance at the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress is described with a feeling of sympathy and a slight smile of the elder over the naive ignorant who found himself in a new situation. The simplicity and patriarchal nature of the life of the inhabitants of the fortress evokes emotion and helps to immediately appreciate the new participants in the events of the story. These are truly “old people”. But such a definition in no way detracts from their dignity. The patriarchal nature of everyday life, the strict adherence to customs only support the atmosphere of sympathy that arises when reading.

There is no irony in the epigraph to the chapter. Let us remind you that these are the words of Mrs. Prostakova from the comedy “The Minor” (act three, scene V).

Give portraits of those “old people” whom Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress.

The story about the people whom Pyotr Grinev recognized in the Belogorsk fortress can be told in the order of their appearance on the pages of the chapter. The first was an “old disabled person” who, sitting on the table, sewed a patch onto the elbow of his green uniform. He immediately said to the newcomer: “Come in, father, our houses.”

The “old lady in a padded jacket,” who, together with the “crooked old man in an officer’s uniform,” was unwinding the threads, was Vasilisa Egorovna, the commandant’s wife, the main person in this provincial little world.

She tells Grinev about Shvabrin and summons the constable Maksimych, a young and stately Cossack.

Grinev is settling into his new surroundings. It becomes obvious to the reader that the relations of people in the Belogorsk fortress are completely determined by the words from “Nedoroslya”.

Those who wish can prepare a story - a genre sketch of the life of the Belogorsk fortress in Peaceful time.

The story about the peaceful course of life in the Belogorsk fortress may well coincide with the retelling of Chapter III “Fortress”. It is worth talking about the very modest strengthening, the patriarchal nature of life, and the inextricable connection with official decisions, which are still made in peacetime, about how the military service goes. You can introduce into this story, for example, a description of how the hut was chosen for Grinev’s residence. “Take Pyotr Andreich to Semyon Kuzov. He, a swindler, let his horse into my garden.” This is the motive for the newly arrived officer to stay. Material from the site

Read carefully short description landscape opening from the window of Semyon Kuzov’s hut, to which Grinev was assigned to the post. What role does this description play in the chapter?

The place where Grinev was assigned to live was located at the very edge of the fortress, on the high bank of the river. “The sad steppe stretched out before me. Several huts stood at an angle; Several chickens were wandering along the street. The old woman, standing on the porch with a trough, called to the pigs, who answered her with a friendly grunt.” This description prepared the reader to understand the state of the young officer: “And this is the direction in which I was condemned to spend my youth!”

Describe the participants in the conversation about Pugachev and his uprising. What was primarily discussed in this conversation?

The conversation about the uprising took place over dinner and was of the most relaxed nature. At the same time, all participants in this conversation touched on the topic of military danger only in passing, not considering that trouble could threaten their fortress. They talked in much more detail about the courage of Vasilisa Yegorovna and the fact that Masha is a big coward.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search

On this page there is material on the following topics:

describe the Belogorsk fortress answers
description of the Belogorsk fortress in the captain's daughter
what are the rules in the Belogorsk fortress?
several huts stood diagonally
Questions and answers to the story The Captain's Daughter

School essay

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the great Russian poet, wrote not only poetry, but also prose works, especially at the end creative activity. Pushkin's prose reaches its utmost perfection in his last major work - the historical story "The Captain's Daughter." Pushkin deeply and carefully studies the era of the Pugachev uprising using archival materials, traveling to the scene of the novel - in the Volga region, in the Orenburg steppes, where the living memory of the leader of the popular movement is still preserved. According to V. O. Klyuchevsky, in " The captain's daughter", based on thorough research historical sources, distinguished by its enormous power of generalization, " more history than in "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion".

The Belogorsk fortress, in which young Grinev was to serve, was located “forty miles from Orenburg” and was a village surrounded by a log fence. At the gate, Grinev saw “a cast-iron cannon; the streets were cramped and crooked; the huts were low and mostly covered with straw.” The commandant himself lived in a simple wooden house, built on a high place near a wooden church.

The first meeting with the commandant produced young man an extraordinary impression: he was a “cheerful and tall old man, in a cap and a Chinese robe,” he commanded twenty “old invalids” lined up “in front.” Less than a few weeks had passed before Grinev’s life in the Belogorsk fortress became for him “not only bearable, but even pleasant.” In the commandant’s house he “was received like family”; Ivan Kuzmich and his wife were “the most respectable people.” The commandant became an officer “from soldiers’ children”; he was a simple man, poorly educated, but “honest and kind.” Mironov zealously fulfilled his duty, serving the empress and punishing her enemies. In the face of death, he showed extraordinary courage.

Vasilisa Egorovna, a simple and hospitable woman, met Pyotr Grinev in the fortress as if she had known him for “a century.” She “looked at the affairs of the service as if they were her master’s, and ruled the fortress as accurately as she ruled her house.” For twenty years she and her husband lived in this fortress. She was accustomed to the military way of life, exposed to dangers, and even in the terrible days of the Pugachev Troubles, she did not leave her husband and was not afraid to share his fate.

Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Captain Mironov, lived in the fortress with her parents. Since childhood, she was accustomed to such a life, but, despite the soldier’s environment, she grew up to be a subtle, sensitive girl. An independent mind, courage, the ability to have deep, sincere feelings, and loyalty to one’s word are the main character traits of Masha Mironova. For the sake of love and friendship, she is capable of true heroism. Everyone who knows her likes her; Savelich calls her “an angel of God.”

The Grinevs' old servant, Savelich, is the personification of the bright folk character. He is characterized by truthfulness, good nature, courage, and human dignity. He selflessly serves his masters, all his desires, feelings and thoughts are subordinate to his masters. He looks at everything through the eyes of his masters, and therefore Pugachev for him, common man, - a villain and a fraudster.

The fortress was inhabited by people of a different kind, opposed to the “old guard”.

Officer Shvabrin is a representative of a noble family. This is a typical brilliant guards officer, a rich nobleman, not devoid of intelligence, but who received a superficial education. He is spoiled, accustomed to the fact that all his desires are fulfilled. In addition, Shvabrin is an envious person, a coward and an arrogant egoist, who became a supporter of Pugachev, not for ideological, but for selfish reasons.

In the images of the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress, the author seeks to convey to readers his idea that the “indigenous” nobility, who did so much in creating the Russian state, pushed away from power, disillusioned, retains the best class properties, and the “new nobility” in the person of Shvabrin , which has acquired political and economic power, is devoid of nobility, conscience, honor and love for the motherland.

Chapter III. Fortress

What was the Belgorod fortress like and the order established in it?

How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

Tell us about its inhabitants.

What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III?

What are your impressions of each of the characters?

The characters are underrepresented. We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, already an elderly commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.

Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people.

Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.

What was the Belgorod fortress like and the order established in it? Belgorod Fortress is a village surrounded by a log fence. Everything had a rather unsightly appearance: the streets were cramped and crooked, the huts were low. People in the fortress are accustomed to the fact that there is no active military action here, the service goes on calmly.

Captain Mironov and Vasilisa Egorovna, his wife, have been living here for many years. Vasilisa Egorovna takes part in all her husband’s affairs, the atmosphere in the fortress is almost homely. This had an effect on Grinev

Depressing experience. How to explain such a “family” nature of relations between people in the fortress?

Marya Ivanovna is the daughter of Captain Mironov. She is a pretty eighteen year old girl. It is not yet clear why Shvabrin, in a conversation with Grinev, described her as a fool.

But the reader understands that she is sensitive (cannot stand gunfire), brought up in old traditions, and not rich (the Mironovs are poor, but they regret it only because it might prevent their daughter from getting married). What is the significance of the soldier’s song, which is the epigraph to Chapter III? Let us remember that an epigraph is one of the means of expressing the author’s position.

It is in the epigraphs that we guess the personality of A.S. Pushkin, since the narration is conducted on behalf of the main character. The author is ironic, using the following epigraph: The Belgorod fortress bears little resemblance to a fortification, and the “fierce enemies” have not yet been here. This brave song does not correspond to what is really here.

We have just started reading the work. But impressions about each of them have already been formed. Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, no longer a young commandant of the fortress, does not maintain strict order, since, apparently, he considers it unnecessary. Listens to his wife.

Vasilisa Egorovna runs the house very skillfully, knows how to clearly and correctly organize life so that everyone feels at home. Interested in the destinies of other people. Marya Ivanovna is a modest, sweet girl who obeys her parents in everything, was raised in a patriarchal family, and perceives her way of life as natural.

Shvabrin evoked ambivalent feelings. On the one hand, he is a cheerful, witty person. On the other hand, Grinev’s remark that Shvabrin presented Masha as a complete fool is alarming.

It can be assumed that Shvabrin has dark feelings and thoughts.

(No Ratings Yet)

Chapter II. Counselor Why the chapter begins folk song? This is an epigraph to the chapter, which reflects the main content of the chapter, as well as the author’s assessment of what is happening. This song conveys the state of mind of Pyotr Grinev, who found himself in a foreign country for the first time. “The unknown side” - unknown adventures await him, perhaps trials. The song is sad and creates the appropriate mood in the reader: something will happen, [...]
Chapter VIII. Uninvited Guest The proverb “An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar” has an old origin. It recalls the times when Rus' was attacked by numerous nomads. Their raids brought a lot of trouble, but the uninvited guest was even worse. The uninvited guest in the chapter is the one who came without an invitation to the house where Grinev often visited before. He showed mercy to Grinev, [...]
The basis of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” is the narrative of the already mature fifty-year-old Pyotr Grinev. He tells how, while still a seventeen-year-old boy, he unintentionally took part in Pugachev’s movement. Petya had nine children in his family, but they all died in early childhood. Father - Andrei Petrovich Grinev, retired prime minister - major, served under […]...
Retelling plan 1. The life of the undergrowth Petrusha Grinev. 2. Peter goes to serve in Orenburg. 3. A stranger saves Grinev in a snowstorm, Peter gives the “counselor” a hare sheepskin coat. 4. Grinev’s acquaintance with the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress. 5. Duel between Grinev and Shvabrin. 6. Peter does not receive the blessing of his parents for his wedding with Masha Mironova. 7. The inhabitants of the fortress learn about the approaching […]...
We live in a fort, we eat bread and drink water; And when our fierce enemies come to us for pies, we’ll give the guests a feast: We’ll load the cannon with buckshot. Is this “soldier’s song” genuine, as the publisher called it when he introduced it? Chapter III notes, which Grinev called “Fortress”? Or is Pushkin’s famous proteism, his brilliant mastery of stylization, manifesting itself here? […]...
Chapter 1 Sergeant of the Guard The chapter opens with the biography of Peter Grinev: his father served, retired, there were 9 children in the family, but everyone except Peter died in infancy. Even before his birth, Grinev was enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment. Until he reached adulthood, he was considered to be on vacation. The boy is raised by Uncle Savelich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and […]...
It's about about Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. He had not yet been born, but had already been enlisted in the Semenovsky regiment as a sergeant. From the age of five, the main character is looked after by his uncle Savelich. Then the Frenchman Beaupré comes to them, who is supposed to teach the boy languages and sciences, but instead he gets drunk and does not look after Grinev at all. Soon they notice it and [...]
Chapter 1 Sergeant of the Guard. The chapter begins with the biography of Pyotr Grinev: his father served, then retired. There were 9 children in the Grinev family, but 8 of them died in infancy, leaving only Peter. Grinev's father enrolled him in the Semenovsky regiment even before he was born. He was considered on leave until he came of age. The boy’s teacher is Uncle Savelich, [...]
The Mironovs' place in the story. (“The Captain’s Daughter” is a historical work, but the role of fictional characters in it is very large. They help to outline the era: to reveal the features of human relations, morality, life, to show not how it was, but how it happened in the time described. Without the Mironovs, it would be impossible to correctly understand the psychology of people of that era, the reasons and motives of their behavior, the peculiarities of Russian […]...
Petr Grinev is main character story “The Captain's Daughter”. He was underage, dreamed of serving in St. Petersburg and hoped for a cheerful and carefree life. His father did not want this, so he sent him to serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev arrives there as a “mama’s boy,” who was not at all worried about his future. In the fortress, Peter meets the captain’s daughter Masha Mironova. At first […]...
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the story “The Captain's Daughter” talks about the life of Pyotr Grinev (Petrusha), whom his father (a former major) decided, by agreement with an old comrade, to send to serve in Orenburg, assigning his servant Savelich to look after him. Before reaching his destination, Petrusha gets involved in card games with captain Zurin, to whom he loses and […]...
Shvabrin is an aristocrat who previously served in the guard and was exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He is smart, educated, eloquent, witty, resourceful. But Shvabrin is deeply indifferent to the people, to everything that does not concern his personal interests. He has no sense of honor and duty. Offended by Masha's refusal to marry him, he takes revenge on her by slandering her. He writes anonymously […]...
One of goodies The story “The Captain's Daughter” is Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. For more than twenty years he has already held the position of commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. Despite his advanced age, he felt quite cheerful. He was tall and liked to wear a cap and robe. He had a daughter, Masha, whom he doted on, and a wife, Vasilisa […]...
Characteristics of the hero Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a young aristocrat, an officer who ended up in the Belgorod fortress for killing his opponent in a duel. In the story “The Captain's Daughter” he is shown as a low, cynical and arrogant person. He treated all the inhabitants of the fortress with contempt, considering himself better than everyone else. He really liked Captain Mironov’s daughter, he [...]
Describe the meeting with the commandant, which took place in an atmosphere of “complete secrecy.” The meeting with the commandant, which took place in an atmosphere of “complete secrecy,” was devoted to the approach of Pugachev’s troops. To do this, Captain Mironov read to his officers a paper sent to the fortress by the general. The commandant understood that “taking appropriate measures” in his conditions was unrealistic, but let’s pay attention to his conclusions: “However, there is nothing to do, [...]
Describe the meeting with the commandant, which took place in an atmosphere of “complete secrecy.” The meeting with the commandant, which took place in an atmosphere of “complete secrecy,” was devoted to the approach of Pugachev’s troops. To do this, Captain Mironov read to his officers a paper sent to the fortress by the general. The commandant understood that “taking appropriate measures” in his conditions was unrealistic, but let’s pay attention to his conclusions: “However, there is nothing to do, [...]
Chapter I The story opens with a story about the family of Petrusha Grinev and the childhood of the undergrowth. In an effort to teach his flighty son “languages and all sciences,” father Andrei Petrovich hires the Frenchman Beaupré, who drinks more. After some time, the Frenchman is fired, after which Andrei Petrovich decides to send his son to serve in order to make him a real nobleman. But instead of the traditional brilliant career […]...
Alexey Shvabrin is one of the heroes of the story “The Captain's Daughter”. This young officer was exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel in which Shvabrin’s opponent was killed. When Shvabrin meets Grinev, one notices that Alexey treats the inhabitants of the fortress with contempt and arrogance. Shvabrin gets closer to Grinev in order to “finally see [...]
I am already familiar with many of the works of A.S. Pushkin. The founder of Russian literature, he is now the most popular, beloved and read poet of our country. Every person in Russia, and throughout the world, knows his name. Not long ago I read A.S. Pushkin’s work “The Captain’s Daughter,” which became my favorite. It simultaneously develops several [...]
Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin and Petr Grinev are so similar and different heroes novel “The Captain's Daughter” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. These heroes - nobles and officers - ended up in this Siberian village - a fortress not of their own free will, but Shvabrin - for the crime he committed, and Grinev - by the will of his father. When the enemies captured this fortress, [...]
Female images There are not many female characters in Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”, because the action took place in a difficult time for the country. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries there was a period of Russian rebellion, also known as the Pugachev uprising. Of course, more men were involved. However, those few heroines whom the author described left an indelible impression. This […]...
The Pugachev riot swept across the country in many cultural and political centers. The Belogorsk fortress was located far from such cities, but a wave of rebellion reached it too. There were a small number of soldiers in the fortress who took the fight and lost. The leader of the rebellion, the impostor Emelyan Pugachev, commits reprisals against unarmed people, justifying himself with loud words about justice and aspirations […]...
As a truly national poet, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin could not help but be concerned about the history of popular uprisings. The poet studied documents related to the history of the Pugachev rebellion in classified state archives. In 1934, he completed work on the documentary “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion,” and two years later, on the story “The Captain’s Daughter.” On the first pages of the story we meet a young officer, [...]
My favorite hero Usually, valiant, brave knights, capable of real feats, become my favorite heroes, but in the case of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” I chose a girl, Maria Mironova, as my favorite character. In fact, the author named his work after her. Masha was the daughter of the commandant (captain) of the Belogorsk fortress and had […]...
Love is a multifaceted feeling that inspires and makes a person more talented. When falling in love, people take on different challenges, and each person copes with them differently. In the novel by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” love line It was not introduced by chance, because it helps to reveal the images of the characters even more clearly and to better penetrate the meaning of the work. First of all, the gaze falls [...]
What qualities does love reveal in a person? As often happens, against the backdrop of historical events, couples in love develop relationships. At the same time, they perceive what is happening around them less painfully, since love gives them strength, hope and faith in a better future. The best way describes the Russian rebellion of the late 18th - early 19th centuries, the story of A.S. […]...
In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” two heroes are described: Shvabrin and Grinev. Both are nobles by origin, both end up in the Belogorsk fortress, both are related to Pugachev. At first glance it seems that they are similar. But that's not true. Grinev was educated at home. From the age of five he was given to the care of the eager Savelich, who taught him […]...
The story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” talks about historical events 70s of the 18th century. Then the eastern outskirts of Russia were overwhelmed by the Pugachev uprising, and this event changed the calm and peaceful life of the heroes of the story. Of course, the plot and characters of the story are fictitious. The only real historical characters are Emelyan Pugachev, some of his close associates and Empress Catherine II. But for Pushkin […]...
Analysis of the work Genre of the work - historical story, written in the form of memoirs. Contains 14 chapters, each of which has a title and epigraph. The basis of the historical events described in the story is the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev of 1773-1775. Composition. The plot tells about the childhood and adolescence of Petrusha Grinev, about life in the parental family. The climax of the story is the capture by the rebels [...]
A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” is based on real historical events. This is the Pugachev uprising, against the background of which events are developing personal life fictional characters- Grineva, Shvabrina, Masha Mironova. Grinev, an officer of the Belogorsk fortress lost in the steppe, learns about the impending uprising from a letter received by the commandant in early October 1773. The general demands that measures be taken to repel the attack […]...
Parents' house The story “The Captain's Daughter” is based on real events events that took place in the country during the life and work of A.S. Pushkin. Many people call this work historical novel, since it can be used to study the facts of the peasant war of the late 18th century. The author introduces us to a well-known historical character - Emelyan Pugachev, Empress Catherine II, and […]...
Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age. “Take care of your honor from a young age” - this moral covenant is the leitmotif of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter”. It is through the attitude to this covenant that the characters of the two heroes of the work are revealed - Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin. It would seem that Grinev and Shvabrin are very similar. Both of them are nobles, both are young and received approximately the same upbringing. […]...
In many works of A. S. Pushkin female images play main role. Masha Troekurova, Tatyana Larina, Masha Mironova have a lot in common. These characters are embodied best features Russian women: the ability to love deeply and strongly, a sense of duty, dedication. Masha Mironova – main character novel, as can be seen from its title. She's a daughter poor people, kind and honest. By […]...
The story “The Captain's Daughter” - the last great work A. S. Pushkin, reflecting his gift as a prose writer. This is a story not only about such a significant event as the history of the Pugachev rebellion that shook Russia. This is also a story about love, surprisingly bright. The title of the story itself is noteworthy - “The Captain’s Daughter”, warning the reader that in this book great attention […]...
Masha Mironova is open, honest, sincere, affectionate and loving person. At first, Masha seemed uptight and shy, even Vasilisa Egorova said that she was a coward because she was afraid of gunfire. Maria was about eighteen years old, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair combed smoothly behind her ears. She refused Shvabrin, and he called her a fool and a corrupt girl. Maria Mironovna was [...]
Pyotr Grinev is the main character of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter.” I believe that his fate and character were influenced not only by unusual and often terrible events, of which he was a direct witness and participant, but also by his parents. Petrusha’s mother was of a noble family, her father was a retired prime minister. These are decent and noble people, loyal [...]
The image of Pugachev is the most complex and most interesting image stories. At the time described by A.S. Pushkin in “The Captain's Daughter,” the situation in Rus' was very difficult. In the 1760s - 1770s. A powerful wave of protests by peasants, Cossacks, and working people swept across the country. This was due to the strengthening of serfdom. Empress Catherine II was particularly concerned about the performances of the Cossacks. With […]...
While working on “The History of the Pugachev Rebellion” (1834), Pushkin carefully studied eyewitness accounts; he was of great interest in the appearance of Pugachev, about whom many memories were preserved. During the publication of the book, an engraving was commissioned from a portrait of Pugachev, which was kept in the estate of Prince Vyazemsky near Moscow. Those to whom Pushkin gave the book personally received an engraved portrait included in it. With the first description of appearance [...]
The novel is based on the memoirs of fifty-year-old nobleman Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, written by him during the reign of Emperor Alexander and dedicated to the “Pugachevism,” in which seventeen-year-old officer Pyotr Grinev, due to a “strange combination of circumstances,” took an involuntary part. Pyotr Andreevich recalls his childhood, the childhood of a noble undergrowth, with slight irony. His father Andrei Petrovich Grinev in his youth “served under Count Minich […]...

Summary– Analysis of the third chapter of the work “The Captain’s Daughter”

Read:

How to cook asp at home: recipes for delicious fish dishes Social mortgage for young specialists of budgetary institutions They give a mortgage to workers in the village machine How to cook barley porridge in water? Units of measurement of physical quantities International System of Units SI The essence and basic principles of flow organization of construction production