10) The sinking of the Pharaoh and the salvation of the prophet Musa (peace be upon him) and his people.

11) Ascension of Jesus (peace be upon him) to heaven

12) Appointment of the Great Judgment on the day of Ashura.

These events were brought by Imam as-Suyuta (may Allah have mercy on him) in his books. Each item is very important for a believer, in connection with which Muslims around the world celebrate this day, doing good deeds as a token of gratitude to Allah.

Origin of the name Ashura

Some scientists write that the name Ashura comes from the name of the numeral " ten b" - " ashara", because it falls on the tenth day of the month of Muharram. Some scholars argue that the day of Ashura was named so because Allah endowed the community of Muhammad ﷺ with ten types of honors:

9) Friday afternoon, and this day is the master of all days.

10) On the day of Ashura, fasting on this day erases the sins of the whole year.

In each of the listed days and months, Allah created greatness and honor for the community of Muhammad ﷺ for any good deed in a special amount, increasing the reward compared to ordinary days or months.

The best action on the day of Ashura

If a person himself is not able to fast on this day, then let him do any other good, at least feed the one who fasted on this day at the breaking of the fast, and this is very valuable.

من وسَّع على عياله يوم عاشوراء وسَّع الله عليه سائر سنته

Meaning: " Whoever is generous (materially) to his family on the day of Ashura, Allah will make him abundant (in food) and other years "(al-Haysami, at-Tabarani, the hadith is weak). Sufyan as-Sawri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We checked this hadeeth and found it valid "i.e., what is said in this hadith about the promise of abundant food has been fulfilled.

A special deed by which the Prophets and Messengers glorified the day of Ashura is their fasting on this day, as it came to us in reliable giving, this is the most desirable for us, because it is invisible to the eyes of people worship.

The legend says:

عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِى يَزِيدَ أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ يَقُولُ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ -صلى الله عليه وسلم يَتَحَرَّى صِيَامَ يَوْمٍ يَلْتَمِسُ فَضْلَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ إِلاَّ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ وَشَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ

It was narrated from Ubaydullah son of Abu Yazid that he said : “I heard Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) say: “I did not see the Messenger of Allah more zealous in fasting, as on the day of Ashura and the month of Ramadan ”” (Imam Muslim).

« I heard Ibn Abbas say when the Messenger of Allah was fasting: “This is the day (Ashura) that Jews and Christians exalt?!” Prophet ﷺ answered: “When the next year comes, I will fast the ninth day too (together with Ashura) ”” (Imam Muslim).

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Muharram is one of the most revered holy months for Muslims. The most valuable day of the month of Muharram is the day of Ashura. Ashura - from the word "ashara", which means "ten". On 10 Muharram Almighty Allah created Heaven, Earth, Arsh, Al-Kursi (Throne), angels, Adam, peace be upon him, Adam's resettlement to Paradise and acceptance of repentance from him after the fall; many happy occasions associated with the prophets. So, on this day, Allah granted Nuh, peace be upon him, and his followers, who were with the prophet on the ark, salvation from death; also on the day of Ashura, Allah granted the prophet Musa, peace be upon him, and the sons of Israel, salvation from Pharaoh, after which Musa, peace be upon him, began to fast on the 10th day of the month of Muharram.

Worship

On the Day of Ashura, prayers and the Holy Quran are read, sadaqah is distributed, children and loved ones are pleased, and other charitable deeds are performed. It is advisable to comply three day post on the day of Ashura, as well as on the previous and following days - 9th, 10th and 11th of Muharram. From Abu Hurairah, may Allah be pleased with him, it is transmitted that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The best fast after Ramadan is fasting in the month of Allah Muharram, and the best prayer after the prescribed ones is the prayer performed at night!” (Muslim)

Authentic Hadiths about the Day of Ashura

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever is generous (materially) to his family on the day of Ashura, Allah will make him abundant (in food) and other years” (al-Haysami, at-Tabarani, weak hadith). Sufyan al-Sawri (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “We checked this hadith and found it valid,” i.e., what is said in this hadeeth about the promise of abundant food has been fulfilled.

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, said: “I have not seen the Messenger of Allah more diligent in fasting than on the day of Ashura and the month of Ramadan.” (Muslim)

Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “In the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic era), the Quraysh fasted on the day of Ashura, and the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, also fasted on this day in Mecca. When the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, made the Hijra (migration) to Medina, he commanded everyone to fast on this day and fasted himself until it was prescribed to fast in the month of Ramadan, then Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “ Whoever wants to, fast on Ashura, and whoever does not want to, may not fast” (Al-Bukhari). It follows from this hadith that it is very desirable to fast on this day, but it is not a prescription for the community. As for the fasting of the Quraysh in the pre-Islamic period, scholars write in the interpretation that, perhaps, the Jews prompted this action to the Quraysh, since the Jews are Ahl al-Kitab (People of the Book), and the Quraysh were polytheists.

Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, narrated: “Indeed, when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived in Medina, he found the Jews fasting, and they said (when they were asked):“ This is a great day in which Musa escaped , peace be upon him, and His people are from Pharaoh, therefore Musa, peace be upon him, kept a fast and we fast as a token of gratitude to the Lord. Then the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “We (Muslims) are more worthy to fast out of respect for the Prophet Musa, peace be upon him, as a token of gratitude to Allah,” and commanded us to fast on this day ”(Muslim)

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, avoided resemblance to the People of the Book (Christians and Jews), so he said: “If I live until next year, I will certainly command that fasting be observed until (ninth day) or after (eleventh) day of Ashura (i.e., together with the day of Ashura, observe one of the days before or after).

If a person observes only fasting on the day of Ashura without other days (before or after), then this will also be enough.

Intention (niyat) fasting on the day of Ashura: “I intend to observe a sunnat (desirable) fast tomorrow on the day of Ashura for the sake of Allah.” If a person has missed obligatory fasts, then he can combine the missed obligatory fast in his intention, saying: “I intend to make up for the missed obligatory fast tomorrow for the sake of (in the name of) Allah,” and then he, inshaAllah, observing this fast, will not only give his debt, but will also be rewarded for the desired fast on that day.

Question.

What days should you fast in the month of Muharram?

Answer.

Fasting in the month of Muharram is not obligatory, but whoever fasts in this month is rewarded by Allah. According to a hadith, fasting in Muharram is the most significant among voluntary fasts: “After fasting in the month of Ramadan, fasting in the month of Muharram is considered the most worthy and best fast.” . (Riyazu "s-Salihin, II, 504)

The most blessed day of the month of Muharram is its 10th day - the Day of Ashura, which this year falls on September 9th. Our Prophet (peace be upon him) advised to fast on the 9th, 10th and 11th days of the month. The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said that the Jews fast only on the Day of Ashura and in order to distinguish Muslims from them, he advised to fast for 2 days in a row.

One of the hadiths says: “Fasting on the day of Ashura will be the reason for the forgiveness of all the mistakes and sins committed during this year.” (Riyazu "s-Salihin, II, 509).

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “When the Prophet (peace be upon him), who arrived in Medina, saw that the Jews were fasting on the day of Ashura, he asked them: “What is this?” They replied: “It is a good day, the day when Allah saved the children of Israel from their enemy, and therefore Musa began to fast on this day.” To this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “I have more rights to Musa than you!”, After which he began to fast on this day himself and ordered everyone else to do it.

The mother of all the righteous, Aisha (peace be upon her) said:

“During the time of Jahiliyyah, the Quraysh fasted on the day of ‘Ashura and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also fasted on this day. When he arrived in Medina, he did not stop fasting on this day and ordered others to observe this fast. When fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory, he stopped fasting on the day of Ashura. And since then, whoever wanted to, observed this fast, and who did not want to, did not do this.. (Bukhari, "Saum", 69).

Another verse regarding this reads as follows: "Qays ibni Sa'd ibni Ubaba (peace be upon him) reports that on the day of Ashura we fasted and paid alms. But since fasting in the month of Ramadan and paying zakat became fard, these deeds have not become forbidden for us, we continued to fulfill them"(Nesai, Zakat, 35).

The virtue of fasting on the day of Ashura is mentioned in many hadiths:

One day, a man came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and asked: “At what time would you advise me to fast except in the month of Ramadan?” Our Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “Keep fasting in the month of Muharram. Because it is the month of Allah. There is a day in it on which Allah accepted the repentance of one of the tribes, and may forgive the rest. (Tirmizi, "Savm", 40).

Another hadith says: “The best fast after the month of Ramadan is fasting in the month of Muharram” (Ibn Maja, "Siyam", 43).

In a hadith narrated from Tirmidhi, it is said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) reported: (Tirmizi, "Savm", 47)

Interpreting this hadith, Imam Ghazali said: “The month of Muharram is the beginning of the Hijra year. It is very good to start this time by fasting. There is hope that the barakat, the blessing will be with you for a long time.

Therefore, fasting on the Day of Ashura is a Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). Therefore n Do not miss the opportunity to receive a reward from the Almighty and earn His pleasure!

The month of Muharram is the first month of the year in the Muslim calendar. This is one of the four months forbidden for wars, blood feuds and the like. The reverence of the month of Muharram is mentioned in the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Therefore, every Muslim should try to spend this month in the service of the Almighty. As we spend this first month of the year, so the whole year will pass. Imam Ghazali writes in his book “Ihya” that if you spend the month of Muharram in Ibadah, then you can hope that his barakah will go to the rest of the year.

A reliable hadith narrated by Muslim states: “After the month of Ramadan, the best way to fast is Muharram.” Another hadeeth narrated by Tabarani says: “He who fasts one day of the month of Muharram will be rewarded as for 30 fasts.” According to another hadeeth, fasting on Thursday, Friday and Sunday of the month of Muharram is highly rewarded.

Imam Nawawi (may Allah be pleased with him!) in the book “Zawaidu Rravza” writes: “Of all the highly honored months, Muharram is the best for fasting.”

The month of Muharram also contains the holy day of Ashura.

Muharram is the month of repentance and worship of Allah, so do not miss the chance to receive the forgiveness of sins and multiple rewards for good deeds!

Day of Ashura.

The 10th day of the month of Muharram is called the day of Ashura (from the word "ashara", which means "ten"). The month of Muharram, as mentioned above, is one of the most revered, sacred months for Muslims. And the most valuable day of the month of Muharram is Ashura.

On the day of Ashura, as well as on the previous (9 Muharram) or the next (11 Muharram) days, it is desirable (sunnat) to fast. According to one of the hadiths, fasting on the day of Ashura cleanses a Muslim from sins for the previous and subsequent years, and for a grain of alms (sadaqah) on the day of Ashura, the Almighty will give a reward the size of Mount Uhud.

On the day of Ashura, sadaka is distributed, children and loved ones are pleased, the Koran is read, and other charitable deeds are performed.

On this day, the creation by the Almighty of Heaven, Earth, Arsh, Kurs, angels, the first man - Adam, and blessings be upon him. (The statement that Heaven and Earth were created on this day may seem logically meaningless if we proceed from the fact that the celestial bodies are primary and the periods of their movement are secondary. In fact, the opposite is true - the periods are primary, and the celestial bodies are secondary.)

Doomsday (the end of the world) will also come on the day of Ashura.

The day of Ashura also marks the resettlement of Adam, blessing him in Paradise, and accepting repentance from him after the fall. On the day of Ashura, there are many happy occasions associated with the prophets. On this day, the ship of Nuh (Noah), blessing him, landed on Mount Judy after the Flood; the prophet Ibrahim was born, blessing be upon him; the prophets Isa and Idris ascended to heaven, blessings be upon them; the prophets Ibrahim, bless him, were saved from the fire of the pagans, Musa, bless him, and his followers were saved from persecution, and the pharaoh drowned; Yunus, blessing be upon him, came out of the belly of a fish; there was a healing from Ayub's illnesses, blessings be upon him; met with his son Yakub, bless him; Suleiman, bless him, became king; Yusuf, bless him, is out of prison.

Prayer read on the day of Ashura:

First, the following prayer is read 70 times:

حَسْبُنَا الله وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ نِعْمَ الْمَوْلىَ وَنِعْمَ الْنَّصِـيرٌ

"XIasbunallagyu wa nigImal wakilu nigImal mawlya wa nigIma nnasiru" (70 times).

Then they read this prayer 7 times:

بِسْـمِ اللهِ الرَّحْـمَنِ الرَّحِـيمِ

حَسْبُنَا الله وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ نِعْمَ الْمَوْلىَ وَنِعْمَ النَّصِيرٌ

سُبْحَانَ اللهِ مِلْءَ الْـمِيزَانِ وَمُنْتَهىَ الْعِلْمِ وَمَبْلَغَ الرِّضَى وَزِنَةَ الْعَرْشِ لاَ مَلْجَاءَ وَلاَ مَنْجَأَ مِنَ اللهِ إِلاَ إِلَيْهِ سُبْحَانَ الله عَدَدَ الشَّفْعِ وَالْوَتْرِ وَعَدَدَ كَلِمَـاتِ اللهِ التَّامـَّاتِ كُـلِّهَا، أَسْئَلُكَ (نَسْئَلُكَ) السَّلاَمَةَ بِرَحْمَتِكَ يـآ اَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِينَ وَلاَ حَوْلَ وَلاَ قُوَّةَ إِلاَّ باِللهِ العَليِّ الْعَظِيمِ وَهُوَ حَسْبِى (حَسْبُنَا) وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ نِعْمَ الْمَوْلىَ وَنِعْمَ النَّصِـيرُ وَصَلَّى الله عَلىَ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ خَيْرِ خَلْقِهِ وَعَلىَ آلِهِ وَصَحْبِهِ أَجْمَعِينَ.

Bismillagyi rrahmani rrahIim.

XIasbunallagu va nigImal vakil nigImal mavlya va nigIma nnasyru.

SubhIanallagyi milal mizani va muntagyal gIilmi wa mablagya rriza vazinatal gIarshi la maljaa walya manjaa minallagyi illa ilyaigyi subhIanallagyi gIadada shshafgIi val vatri va gIdada kalimati llaghi ttammati kulligya asalyuka (nasalyuka) sallamata birahimatika i archIama rrakhIimina. Valya hIavlya valya kuvvata illya billagyil gIaliyyil gIazimi va gyuva khIasbi (khIasbuna) va nigImal vakilu nigImal mavlya va nigIma nnasyru wa salla llagyu gIala sayyidina MukhIammadin khayri halqigyi vag Iala aligyi va sakhibigyi ajmagiina.

With the name of Allah, Merciful to everyone in this world and in the next world - only to those who believe!

Allah is sufficient for us, He is the best who is relied upon, the best Lord, and the best Who grants victory (help).

Subhanallah (Allah be blessed from all that is not befitting to Him!) until the Scales are filled, and according to the amount of His knowledge, until it reaches His contentment, and how much the Arsh weighs. We have no one to resort to, no one to turn to, except for Him. Subhanallah (God be blessed from all that is not befitting to Him!) by the number of even and odd numbers, and by the number of perfect words of Allah. I (we) ask (we ask) You for salvation by Your Grace, O Most Merciful of the merciful! There is no power to renounce the bad and no power to do good (ibadat), except from the Almighty and Great Allah. He is sufficient for me (us), He is the best one to rely on, the best Lord, and the best Who gives victory (help).

Blessings of Allah to our master Muhammad - the best of creations, his family (community) and all his companions!

There are special dates, days and nights in the Islamic calendar. One of these is the tenth day of the first month in the year of Muharram - the day of Ashura.

The significance of this day is said in legends. On this day, Allah Almighty saved Musa and his people from Pharaoh, forgave Adam, the ark of Nuh reached the shore, the prophet Isa ascended to heaven and forgave the people of the prophet Yunus. According to some legends, Qiyamat will also happen on the Day of Ashura.

The name of the day Ashura comes from the Arabic "ashar", which means ten.

The special worship that is prescribed for believers on this day, in addition to the usual one, is fasting. According to an authentic hadeeth, fasting on this day erases the sins of the previous year.

The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said:

“The best fast after fasting in the month of Ramadan is fasting in the month of Allah - al-Muharram”.

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said:

“When the Prophet (peace be upon him), who arrived in Medina, saw that the Jews were fasting on the day of Ashura, he asked them: “What is this?” They replied: “This is a good day, the day when Allah saved the children of Israel from their enemy, and therefore Musa began to fast on this day.” To this, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “I have more rights to Musa than you!”, After which he began to fast on this day himself and ordered everyone else to do it.

The question arises: what if we have already fasted on the day of Arafah, for fasting which also requires the erasure of sins for the previous and next year. What reward do we get in this case? Firstly, a Muslim performs any worship not because of any benefit and reward that he acquires, but solely because of his love and gratitude to Allah, and the greatest reward that he receives in this case is the pleasure of Allah. In addition, scientists note that for fasting on both days, sins are erased more, mistakes are forgiven, and they protect against committing a sin in the future.

“Fasting on the day of Arafat atones for the sins of two years, the past and next year, and fasting on the day of Ashura atones for the sins of the past year.”

The second question arises: why fasting on the day of Arafat erases sins for two years, and fasting on the Day of Ashura erases sins only for a year? Scientists believe that the Day of Araf is associated with the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and the day of Ashura with the Prophet Musa (peace be upon him), so the significance of Araf is greater.

Fasting on the day of Ashura is voluntary, leaving it is not a sin.

Aisha said:

“During the time of Jahiliyyah, the Quraysh fasted on the day of ‘Ashura and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also fasted on this day. When he arrived in Medina, he did not stop fasting on this day and ordered others to observe this fast. When fasting in the month of Ramadan was made obligatory, he stopped fasting on the day of Ashura. And since then, whoever wanted to, observed this fast, and whoever did not want, did not do it.

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said that it is preferable for Muslims to fast on the Day of Ashura and one more day before or after it, in order to be different from the Jews.

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:

“If I live until next year, I will certainly command that fasting be observed before (the ninth day) or after the (eleventh) day of Ashura (that is, together with the day of Ashura, observe one of the days before or after)” .

The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) also said:

“Fast on the day of Ashura; however, distinguish yourself from the Jews by fasting also on the day before this day or on the day after it.

On the day of Ashura, special attention should also be paid to repentance. Ask Allah for the forgiveness of sins, renounce them.

On this day, attention should also be paid to showing generosity, giving alms, giving gifts, especially to one's family and relatives.

The hadith says:

“Whoever is generous (materially) to his family on the day of Ashura, Allah will make him abundant (in food) and other years.”

Ashura falls on September 9 this year. Accordingly, suhoor (pre-dawn meal) falls on September 8