Puzanova Zhanna Vasilievna

Doctor of Sociology, Professor of the Department of Sociology of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

The 20th century was the time of the crisis of traditional religious systems in the Western world, the era of a mass departure from religion, a period of large-scale secularization and atheization. New ideologies - communist, post-industrial, globalization - dealt heavy blows to traditional models of worldview. The 21st century is reaping bitter fruits. The utopias of world communism and the hope of universal welfare to solve all the problems of mankind have collapsed. In today's generation of young people in all developed countries of the world, including Russian youth, the meaning-forming core of the worldview is often partially or completely destroyed. Youth and youth are the search for oneself, the search and construction of a solid foundation for a meaningful being, the consolidation and assertion of one's own identity and personal significance. Modernity in late modern and postmodern society does not answer the most important questions of youth: Why do I live? What is the purpose and meaning of my life? Why am I needed? And who needs me? In today's Russia, for many young people, the answers to most of these questions will be negative, and therefore unsatisfactory.

The second process, directly related to the first one, is worldwide globalization, implemented in the manner of Westernization with the center from the United States. Consistent invasion of the territories of almost any country, economic and/or forceful imposition of "American values" and "American way of life" are largely associated with the consistent, including violent, destruction of traditional ways, traditional moral and spiritual values ​​of the peoples of the world, countries and civilizations. In relation to traditional cultures, this is depersonalization and unification, and the implanted alternative: narcissistic individualism and selfish competition, the idealization of consumerism, the cult of violence, sex, permissiveness and aggressive promiscuity.

To understand the reasons for the formation of the "new" extremism, it is better to turn to the analysis, first of all, of internal causes. Among which, two main ones can be named - a qualitative change in Russian youth (as the main subject of near-extremist protest) and the absence of qualitative changes in the Russian political elite (as an object of this protest).

The main participants in the mass protest actions of 2014 were representatives of the post-post-Soviet youth, those who socialized not in the “boiling” 1990s, but in the relatively calm 2000s. For the older generation, the merits of V.V. Putin in solving the "Chechen problem" and in neutralizing the "oligarchs from the main road." For the current generation of young people, these merits of 10 years ago are of less value. "Establishing an elementary order" is perceived by them as a matter of course, and the absence of a generally understood strategy of national development - as a new "stagnation". Historical experience shows that revolutions are organized not by the poor, who have "nothing to lose but their chains," but by wealthy people who have no prospects to improve it. The current generation of young people is exactly like this: they no longer have to fight for survival (as in the 1990s), but their life prospects are vague, since the socio-economic system that has developed in Russia limits their opportunities for self-realization.

Although, in general, Russians, and young people in particular, see and highly appreciate the activities of the state in this area (the Olympics in Sochi, comparison with the events in Ukraine, anti-terrorist measures in Chechnya), at the same time, there is a tendency for a steady increase in the number of crimes of an extremist orientation, fixed in parallel with an increase in terrorist activity.

Forming a collective image of an extremist on the basis of reports and information reports from law enforcement agencies, materials of criminal cases and publications in the media, it can be argued that in most cases this is a young man aged 14 to 30 years, predominantly male, by occupation - or a graduate a general education school who has not entered a higher educational institution, or a student in the initial courses of a university. By nature, this is a person with a distorted system of moral and legal values, always confident in his rightness and the effectiveness of the dictates of power, in need of self-affirmation. The formation of such individuals usually takes place in a socially disadvantaged environment, but contrary to popular belief, an extremist is not always a lumpen, but rather a young man from a family with an average income who has not been able to adapt to the conditions of real life with its problems and a deformed value system, seeking self-expression in informal communication with extremist groups, where violence is perceived as an acceptable and even the most preferred way to achieve the goal.

As a result of the study of the psychological characteristics of persons who have committed grave and especially grave crimes for ideological reasons, it can be concluded that they have a certain set of stable character traits that are partly constitutional in nature, and partly obtained as a result of socialization. First of all, it should be noted here intellectual underdevelopment, rigidity, emotional flatness and inability to empathize (empathy). Carrying out the identity search inherent in every teenager, a person with such characterological features easily becomes carried away by the idea of ​​his own superiority over others, begins to deny the value of other people's achievements. His self-esteem is formed on the basis of ambivalent beliefs. On the one hand, they realize their own inadequacy in certain areas (for example, the inability to compete with classmates in academic disciplines). On the other hand, under the influence of a complex of one's own exclusivity, a hypertrophied "I", such a young person is confident that he has a special fate and is worthy of the highest position in society, and this is accompanied by the formation of an overestimated level of claims. As a result, on the one hand, there is a demand for a deliberately unattainable standard of living, on the other hand, this unattainability is realized. According to T. Garr, the more the level of claims and the level of predicted achievements are separated from each other, the more likely a person is to participate in political violence, that is, in extremist and terrorist activities. Thus, for a carrier of the described personality traits, the probability of participating in illegal activities as part of destructive organizations is the most natural way of self-realization. It should be noted that the number of carriers of this type of personality in the population is small, but it is their actions that are in the center of attention of the media, it is their asocial actions that are cited as an example to participants in destructive organizations, it is their activity in the event of mass riots that provokes the crowd to violence.

It should be noted that youth extremism is an attribute of any society, its complete eradication is impossible. However, it is quite realistic to limit, keep within the limits of the acceptable, through the implementation of measures at the international, state and regional levels aimed at harmonizing the aspirations of young people with the trends in the development of society. The transition from short-term and local solutions to strategically built medium-term programs in the field of youth policy (primarily, including the tasks of preventing and countering youth extremism) will increase the integral potential of this important socio-demographic group and give a new impetus to the development of the country.

Youth extremism is currently growing at a faster rate than adult crime. The main features of youth extremism include: increasing organization; group cohesion; the formation of ideological and combat structures in groups; strengthening of conspiracy measures; the use of the latest information and communication technologies to spread their ideology and coordinate actions.

There are already attempts to counter “foreign” network structures with “our” network structures. An interesting experience is, in particular, the activity of "cyber vigilantes" initiated by the Safe Internet League. We are talking about a voluntary community of citizens (almost exclusively young people) who are fighting against illegal content on the Internet, primarily against child pornography and pedophilia, but also against content containing scenes of violence, including with an extremist bias. The problem of this movement (as well as others like it) is the lack of a coherent ideology of countering extremism. Attempts by the leaders of the League at the First All-Russian Rally of Cyber ​​Vigilantes to propose anti-Americanism and "defence of the Fatherland" as such an ideology aroused more wariness than understanding among young Cyber ​​Vigilantes.

The lack of demand for excess energy and potential enthusiasm of young people, the destruction of spiritual values ​​and ideals, an existential crisis, fear of the future, a sense of their own uselessness, isolation, loneliness for many young people have become the most difficult test in recent years. The religious motivation of extremist-religious communities actively uses these factors for their own purposes and interests. Here, an unambiguous specific model of religious faith is immediately proposed, giving clear and complete answers to all the questions and requests of the individual indicated above. The maximalism characteristic of youth, the black-and-white perception of reality, the restoration of the core of absolutized traditional religious values ​​become grounds for further possible manipulation. Religion, which appeals to feeling, not to reason, in its extreme forms uses a fanatically exalted group influence, in the bosom of which a young person, saturated with relevant ideas and moods, acquires a sense of found "true" identity, group belonging, a sense of his own relevance and uniqueness, chosenness. Religiously motivated terrorism uses religion, religious feeling, religious motivation as a unique tool for the sacralization of its goals and deeds. Any crimes are legitimized by religious faith, turning the terrorist fanatic from a monstrous criminal, which he really is, in his own eyes and in the eyes of like-minded people, into an executor of the divine will, sacrificing himself in the name of a lofty goal, into a great "hero", into an exceptional person, in holy ascetic and martyr. In psychology, such a “reversal” is called “reframing” - “frame change”, which allows you to turn the initial assessments of the situation to the opposite ones.

The formation of a religious fanatic from a potential terrorist can currently be considered as a special technology already described in special literature. Additional factors that greatly facilitate the religious recruitment of potential participants among young people by extremist and terrorist communities are fundamentally new realities of social life: the “virtualization” of a young person’s being, the “psychology of game reconstruction”, the “ideology of simulacra or the simulacrization of reality”. Considering in this context the possible grounds for the subjective motivation for the adoption of extremist / terrorist ideology among young people, it is possible to identify a number of probable psychological prerequisites: the need for “higher meanings”, heroism, romance, up to self-sacrifice; identity search; the need to belong to a group of "friends" and the presence of a leader - an inspirer-organizer; thirst for self-realization and self-affirmation; overcoming boredom, routine, monotony of everyday existence.

Based on the object of influence, the social essence of countering the ideology of extremism (terrorism) should be to form in society the rejection of this ideology, its condemnation on the basis of arguments that are understandable and accessible to the object of influence. It should be taken into account that the extremist (terrorist) ideology cannot be destroyed physically, because the thought cannot be killed. It is useless to prohibit it by law, because the forbidden fruit attracts people's attention. This ideology can only be replaced by a more attractive, understandable and useful for the individual, or compromised by finding convincing arguments and, most importantly, a way to bring them to the object of influence.

Strategically, such an approach to countering the ideology of violence looks acceptable, but tactically there are problems that significantly reduce its effectiveness.

There is no doubt that forceful methods in the fight against terrorism and extremism are necessary, but the achievement of the ultimate goal in confronting this evil of the modern world is possible only on the basis of constant systematic preventive work. The key role in this should belong to educational institutions, which are designed not only to teach, but also to educate a person with high spiritual and moral qualities, capable of resisting the ideology of extremism and terrorism. It should be noted that the most vulnerable environment for the penetration of ideas of extremism are schoolchildren with an unformed and easily influenced psyche.

At present, the main direction of countering extremist tendencies should apparently also be the construction of the ideology of "positive patriotism" - such patriotism that invites young people to unite not against enemies (the United States, the West, Islamists, and so on), but for some kind of intelligible image Russia of the XXI century. This problem will have to be solved sooner or later.

Goals:
Educational: find out the causes of terrorism and extremism; who constitutes its social base; to answer the question why radical extremist ideas have become widespread.
Developing: to develop the ability of oratory through speeches prepared by students; to instill independent work skills; to teach children to analyze events, draw conclusions, be able to convincingly and reasonably prove their point of view.
Educational: to form respect for the culture of other nations, tolerance, patriotism; foster a sense of rejection of violence, terrorism and extremism.

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Fundamentals of countering terrorism and extremism.

Objectives: Educational: to find out the causes of terrorism and extremism; who constitutes its social base; to answer the question why radical extremist ideas have become widespread. Developing: to develop the ability of oratory through speeches prepared by students; to instill independent work skills; to teach children to analyze events, draw conclusions, be able to convincingly and reasonably prove their point of view. Educational: to form respect for the culture of other nations, tolerance, patriotism; foster a sense of rejection of violence, terrorism and extremism.

Plan. 1. The concept of terrorism and extremism. 2. Public danger of terrorism and examples of extremism. 3. Causes of terrorism and extremism. 4. Countering terrorism and extremism. 5. Structural units of the internal affairs bodies also carry out preventive activities in relation to the above crimes within their competence.

1. The concept of terrorism and extremism. At the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, such ugly phenomena as terrorism and extremism entered the life of young Russia. The media are full of headlines reminiscent of reports from the battlefields. In fact, the way it is: terrorism has long declared war on the world. The concepts of terrorist attack, suicide bomber, martyr's belt, hostage-taking, etc. have become an integral part of the modern world. Often the victims of terrorism are innocent people, including children.

The result of a social survey 34% of citizens are afraid that they themselves or their relatives may become victims of terrorists 47% are afraid to some extent 11% have never thought about it 8% are sure that terrorist attacks do not threaten them or their loved ones

Terrorism (from the Latin TERROR - fear, horror) is the violent actions of criminals in order to undermine the existing government, complicate international relations, political and economic extortion from states and corporations. Terrorism has become one of the most dangerous social and political problems in terms of its scale, unpredictability and consequences. Today, terrorism is not only lone saboteurs, hijackers and kamikaze suicide bombers. Modern terrorism is a powerful branched and well-organized structure. Currently, there are about 500 illegal terrorist organizations in the world.

From the explanatory dictionary. The etymology of the term "extremism" finds its roots in Latin, translated as "extreme" (views and measures).

Extremist activity (extremism) is: - Violent change in the foundations of the constitutional system and violation of the integrity of the Russian Federation; - public justification of terrorism and other terrorist activities; - incitement of social, racial, national or religious hatred; - propaganda of the exclusivity, superiority or inferiority of a person on the basis of his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion; - violation of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen, depending on his social, racial, national, religious or linguistic affiliation or attitude to religion. This definition of extremism was given in the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114-FZ "On counteracting extremist activity."

2. Public danger of terrorism and examples of extremism. The loudest terrorist acts of the last decade: 1) September 11, 2001; 2) "Nord - Ost" - October 23-26, 2002; 3) Explosion of a disco on the island of Bali - October 12, 2002; 4) Capture of the hospital in Budyonnovsk - January 9, 1996; 5) Explosions of residential buildings in Moscow on Guryanov Street and Kashirskoye Highway (September 9, 13, 1999); A wave of bloody terrorism swept the world in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The events of September 11, the explosions of residential buildings in Moscow, the mass hostage-taking in the theater center on Dubrovka, the direct aggression of international terrorist organizations. the counter-terrorist operation in Chechnya, which has been going on for many years, where our soldiers die every day... The senselessness, the madness of bloody terror is the road to hell, regardless of religion. Terrorism is always a weapon of the weak, the oppressed, incapable of acting by military means. It will exist as long as there is violence. While it can earn a lot of money. But terrorism clearly has no future. He only has a bloody present...

Public danger of terrorism At the turn of the XX-XX I century. terrorism manifested itself at a highly organized international level. Large-scale terrorist attacks took place in many countries: in the United States - on September 11, 2001 (attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, which claimed the lives of 2749 and 184 people, respectively), in Spain - in March 2004 (a series of explosions in commuter trains in Madrid, in resulting in 191 deaths and over 1,900 injuries), in the UK in July 2005 (explosions in London, 56 dead and over 800 injured), terrorist attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan, etc.

Mass hostage-taking, - explosions of residential buildings and explosions during parades and other holidays in the years. Buynaksk, Volgodonsk, Mozdok, Moscow, in the cities of Chechnya, due to the intensification of international terrorism. Russia has also experienced large-scale attacks from international terrorism:

From 1 to 3 September 2004, more than 1,000 children and their parents were injured as a result of the terrorist attack in Beslan.

Today, the threat of terrorist crimes in Russia does not subside. So, in the explosions in the Moscow metro in 2010. forced to realize again that the actions of terrorists are always unexpected and are increasingly aimed at civilians.

An example of national extremism is the skinhead movement. This is one of the most widespread nationalist movements that originated in England in the 60s. The literal translation of the name of this movement means “shaved head”. The first representatives of this movement were young people from the working quarters of London, representatives of hard physical labor, who initially advocated a ban on the use of cheap labor from third world countries. And in the 70s, skinheads already came up with the idea of ​​"racial purity" and "taking away jobs from emigrants who came in large numbers." This movement very quickly received support in other countries of the world. Since the mid-1990s, Russia has been embraced by the "skins" movement, which exists to this day. National extremism acts under the slogans of protecting "its own people", its economic interests, cultural values, as a rule, to the detriment of representatives of other nationalities living in the same territory.

Religious extremism is understood as intolerance towards dissident representatives of the same or another religion. In recent years, the problem of Islamic extremism has become more acute. The Wahhabi ideology, the slogan of which is "death to all infidels", has become widespread.

Political extremism is a movement or current against the existing constitutional order. As a rule, national or religious extremism is the basis for the emergence of political extremism. An example of political extremism is the movement of the National Bolshevik Party, led by Eduard Limonov

3. Causes of terrorism and extremism. Terrorism can have a breeding ground where the people are in poverty, where the people are pushed together in search of an enemy. The socio-economic environment in Russia has not improved at all over these ten years. Unemployment, especially in the North Caucasus, reaches 40% or more. And if you add drug addiction here. Neglect, rampant crime - this is the breeding ground for terrorists and their accomplices. This is clearly seen in the example of Dagestan, Ingushetia, Chechnya. At present, the following causes of terrorism are named in the domestic legal literature: I Social - economic (student report) II Political (student report) III Religious (student report)

Student's message: The reasons for the emergence of extremism include the following: 1. This is a large property stratification of the population; it leads to the fact that society ceases to function as an integral organism, united by common goals, ideas, values. This is an increase in social tension. 2. This is a decrease in the ideological component in the educational process, which led to the loss of moral values. 3. This lack of spirituality is the lack of clear ideas about the history and prospects for the development of the country, the loss of a sense of ownership and responsibility for the fate of the Motherland.

The social base of extremist groups is made up of people who have not been able to adapt to new living conditions. Young people who are not able to critically approach the content of publications in the media, due to the lack of life experience, turned out to be the most susceptible to this influence. This is a very good environment for extremist groups. Most youth extremist groups are not of a formal nature. A number of their members have a vague idea of ​​the ideological background of extremist movements. Loud phraseology, external paraphernalia and other accessories, the opportunity to feel like a member of a kind of "secret society" that has the right to commit reprisals against persons objectionable to the group with impunity, all this attracts young people.

This is the activity of state authorities and local governments to prevent terrorism and extremism, including the identification and subsequent elimination of the causes and conditions that contribute to the commission of crimes of a terrorist nature and extremist orientation (prevention); identification of persons inclined to commit them, suppression of terrorist and extremist activities of specific individuals and organizations, disclosure and investigation of crimes and offenses related to them; as well as minimization and (or) elimination of the consequences of their manifestation. 4. COUNTERTERRORISM AND EXTREMISM

One of the main and most important areas of countering extremism in the Russian Federation is its prevention, i.e. preventive work to counter extremist manifestations. In accordance with Art. 3 of the Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114-FZ "On countering extremist activity" the main areas of countering this activity are: 1) the adoption of preventive measures aimed at preventing extremist activity; 2) detection, prevention and suppression of extremist activities of public and religious associations, other organizations, individuals. 3) Carrying out comprehensive measures to form a legal culture among the youth. 4) Education among young people of a tolerant worldview, a tolerant attitude towards all people, regardless of their nationality, religion, social, property status and other circumstances. 5) Increasing the number of those involved in additional departments. education

1) ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen; 2) legality; 3) the inevitability of punishment; 4) comprehensive use of political, informational and propaganda, socio-economic, legal, special and other measures to counter terrorism and extremism; 5) priority of preventive measures; 6) confidentiality of information; Minimization and (or) elimination of consequences; 8) proportionality of measures to counteract the degree of public danger.

5. Structural units of the internal affairs bodies also carry out preventive activities in relation to the above crimes within their competence. The PUBLIC ORDER SERVICE carries out: conducting periodic inspections of the legality of residence of citizens, the use of apartments and basements leased (for rent) to enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals, as well as hotels, restaurants in order to identify and take measures against persons (organizations ), illegally storing weapons, ammunition and other means of destruction; control over access to empty rooms, attics and basements; termination of activities of private security companies and security services under the control of terrorist organizations (communities); carrying out explanatory work among the population, in public organizations, labor collectives in order to prevent crimes of a terrorist nature; adjustment of the single deployment system in order to bring the posts and patrol routes as close as possible to the places where crimes of a terrorist nature can be committed.

The PASSPORT AND VISA SERVICE participates in: establishing the location of citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons in respect of whom there is information about the intention to commit a crime of a terrorist nature; identification of persons violating the rules of registration, as well as stay, foreign citizens and stateless persons on the territory of the Russian Federation; informing the concerned services about persons who arrived from the zones of internal armed conflicts in order to further verify their possible involvement in the commission of crimes of a terrorist nature, etc. The traffic police units check the documents of drivers and passengers in order to identify and detain persons suspected of belonging to terrorist organizations (or groups), as well as illegally transporting weapons, ammunition, explosive devices, incendiary, chemical, highly poisonous substances, bacteriological, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and their transfer to the internal affairs bodies.

CRIMINAL SECURITY DIVISIONS participate in: carrying out operational-search activities in the territory of service, together with other bodies, to identify and block the channels of receipt of financial resources, weapons, ammunition, explosives, devices and other means of destruction for terrorist organizations (communities), terrorist groups; carrying out operational search activities to identify the locations of terrorist groups; search for terrorists who have fled from the investigation and court, as well as persons in respect of whom there is information about the intention to commit a crime of a terrorist nature, etc.

CRIMINAL DETECTIVE STAFF: analyze information about the activities of organized ethnic communities or groups; conduct intelligence surveys of persons without a fixed place of residence, foreigners living without registration and representing an operational interest; carry out operational work in ethnic criminal groups, including with the aim of identifying persons who have ties with terrorist and extremist centers in other countries; carry out operational activities in religious Islamic centers that send young people to study Islam in Arab countries and have ties with terrorist organizations; carry out operational and search activities in the places of residence and education of students from Islamic states; conduct surveys, operational inspections, monitor places of concentration of persons with ties to criminal communities, namely: casinos, bars, saunas, cafes, restaurants, railway stations, markets, hotels, hostels, places of sedimentation of railway and non-resident freight transport, auto technical centers and etc.

INTERPOL In 1986, a special TE unit was created as part of its General Secretariat - a small-sized group to combat terrorism. Its main task was to create a database of persons involved or suspected of terrorist activities. Interpol maintains a separate database of criminal organizations seen in committing terrorist acts. Their ties with other criminal communities are monitored, mainly with those involved in the drug business, arms trafficking, and explosives. Interpol regularly holds symposiums on combating international terrorism. Their venue is not only the headquarters of Interpol (Lyon, France), but also individual regional centers in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Eternal memory to the victims of terrorism

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Autonomous non-profit educational organization

"Orthodox Classical Gymnasium "Ark"

Moscow region, Shchelkovsky district, Dushonovo village

Outline plan

life safety lesson in grade 10

Lesson topic:»

OBJ teacher: Shumskaya A.E.

Summary of the OBZh lesson in grade 10

Subject:Spiritual and moral counteraction to terrorism

Lesson type: lesson lecture.

Target: form the belief that terrorist activity in all its forms is immoral, inhuman and criminal; show that the prevention of terrorist activities of students depends on the development of their spiritual and moral position, and the formation of anti-terrorist behavior is closely related to the current level of life safety culture and a healthy lifestyle. On this basis, develop the methodological foundations for the formation of a system of anti-terrorist behavior among students.

Tasks:

Educational:

Consider the concepts: "moral positions", "moral development";

Introduce students to the concept of "traditional national values";

- to acquaint students with the basic personality traits necessary for the formation of moral positions;

Developing:

Develop the ability to apply the acquired knowledge;

Develop the ability to analyze, compare, draw conclusions;

Educational:

To instill in students an understanding of the importance of building relationships with adults and peers correctly, without creating conflicts and conflict situations;

Education of a conscious choice of anti-terrorist behavior.

Equipment: laptop for showing presentation, tv screen.

Lesson topic:“Spiritual and moral counteraction to terrorism»

Istage. Organizing time(psychological attitude to the lesson).

Hello guys! To protect oneself from dangers and threats, including from terrorist activities, is the natural desire of every person. How to build this protection?

slide 1

“Spiritual and moral counteraction to terrorism»

IIstage. Message about the topic and purpose of the lesson.

Today we will talk about the main components of the spiritual and moral counteraction to terrorism and the importance of moral positions and personal qualities in the formation of anti-terrorist behavior. This is especially true in adolescence.

IIIstage. Allocation of basic knowledge and skills.
slide 2

The current international situation can hardly be called stable. And one of the reasons for this is the scope of terrorism, which today is acquiring a truly worldwide character.

slide 3

Terrorism is the ideology of violence and the practice of influencing decision-making by public authorities, local governments or international organizations, associated with intimidation of the population and (or) other forms of illegal violent actions.

slide 4

Terrorism is the method by which an organized group seeks to achieve its stated goals through the systematic use of violence. To instill fear, such terrorist methods (methods) as explosions and arson of residential and administrative buildings, shops, railway stations, hostage-taking, bus hijacking, etc. are used.

slide 5

A terrorist act does not know in advance its specific victims, because it is directed, first of all, against the state. Its task is to subjugate the state, its bodies, the entire public, to force them to comply with the demands of the terrorists and the individuals and organizations behind them.

slide 6

Terrorism is one of the universal social problems. Terrorism in various forms of its manifestation most often brings massive human casualties.

entails the destruction of material and spiritual values, sows enmity between states;

provokes wars, distrust and hatred between social and national groups.

IVstage. Problem solving.

How does involvement in terrorist activities occur?
Slide 8

Each person is individual and unique: according to his hereditary qualities, according to his aspirations and capabilities. Consequently, the system of his life attitudes and the implementation of plans are individual in nature, therefore, a number of his personal qualities can influence the likelihood of a person being involved in terrorist activities.

These include:

Slide 9

Lack of a clearly defined goal in life;

Slide 10

Psychological imbalance, inability to live in harmony with oneself and observe the norms of a healthy lifestyle;

slide 11

The desire for an idle pastime;

slide 12

The presence of bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs);

slide 13

The presence of conflicting views, attitudes, values, the absence of a clearly defined goal in life;

Slide 14

The desire to maintain their power over other people by means of their humiliation;

slide 15

Inability to build relationships with others;

slide 16

Deriving pleasure from the consequences of terrorist acts committed by terrorists;

All these qualities are a favorable environment for the formation of extremist views and the justification of the ideology of violence.

Slide 18

Adolescence refers to the so-called critical periods of human life (periods of age crisis)

Slide 19

The meaning of the teenage crisis is the struggle for independence and liberation from the guardianship of adults.
Terrorists are not only "armed to the teeth" people in masks, demanding from you, under pain of death, to do evil and lawlessness. Sometimes this danger comes to a teenager along with a person who is well known to him, who politely asks him to give something to another person he knows (letter, box, etc.). Modern terrorists use the same tricks as Hitler’s spies and saboteurs during the Great Patriotic War, for example, they ask children or teenagers to “befriend” or for a small gift to observe something and simply tell about what they saw.

Then, in places that were observed and where something was transmitted, shots, explosions, and people could die.

What do criminals expect when they turn to teenagers for help:

that they do not give thought to the reason and substance of the request;

it will be inconvenient for them, it will be difficult to refuse the elder’s request, there will be a desire to help;

you want to seem "well done", a reliable person;

it will be nice to receive some kind of reward, even a small one or praise;

So they can use children based on their inexperience and kindness.

Slide 20

Terrorists often use teenagers and young people for their own purposes, offering them a kind of "adult" life.

slide 21

A teenager may sometimes even not suspect that he is being used, not to understand that he is carrying out orders for terrorists.

slide 22

Terrorists are well aware that some teenagers treat war as a game where everyone is killed, but not themselves.

slide 23

Terrorists willingly influence the psyche of teenagers, convincing them that they are fighting with law enforcement agencies for the most noble goals.
In order to reduce the danger for yourself of becoming an unwitting assistant to black deeds, you must consciously treat your actions and actions, think about their consequences and the people around you. This can and should be learned.

In order to reliably protect oneself from the influence of the propaganda of the ideologists of terrorism and involvement in terrorist activities, a teenager must be aware of the dangers of this complex social phenomenon.

Question for students: What do you think, is it possible to solve this problem in modern society? What is needed for this?
In order to form moral positions, each teenager needs to develop a number of qualities that are significant for the rejection of terrorist views and actions.

Let's take a look at the main components of a person's spiritual and moral position together.

In order to develop a stable system of counteracting evil, including terrorism, it is necessary to cultivate a number of beliefs, habits and qualities, including the formation of one's own system of a healthy lifestyle.

slide 26

First of all, it is necessary to develop a firm conviction in the inhuman and criminal nature of terrorism, the incompatibility of any terrorist activity with the vital interests of man, with his purpose and essence.

The next important step is to formulate a psychological balance and self-confidence.

And, of course, the ability to build relationships with their peers.
To form such a position, which includes the rejection of the ideology of terrorism, will help you follow the traditional national values.

Slide 27

These include:

love for Russia and his people, for his small homeland;

service to the Fatherland;

trust in state institutions (including law enforcement agencies);

law and order;

Slide 28

diversity of cultures, freedom of conscience and religion;

justice, mercy, honor, dignity;

personal and national freedom.

Vstage. Reproduction by students of basic knowledge and skills.

Question answer

Guys, at the beginning of the lesson, each pair was given questions. After three minutes, you must answer based on the information material of the lecture.

1. Why is terrorism a serious threat to peace and security today?

2. Why are any acts of terrorism a crime without justification?

3. What are your individual qualities that will help protect you from the ideology of terrorism?

4. Why does the use of alcohol and drugs contribute to the involvement of a person in terrorist activities?

Student responses.

VI stage. Generalization and systematization of the studied

Let's draw conclusions:

1) Terrorism in all its forms and manifestations is one of the most serious threats to peace and security.

2) Any acts of terrorism are unjustifiable crimes, regardless of their motivation.

3) For self-prevention of involvement in terrorist activities, it is necessary to form an unconditionally negative attitude towards any type of terrorist activity.

4) In order to resist the propaganda of the ideologists of terrorism, it is necessary to develop a firm moral position.

VII stageFormation of homework

Analyze your way of thinking and behavior in everyday life. What changes should be made to them in order to increase the level of protection from the influence of the ideology of terrorism on you?

Please write your answer as a short message.

VIII stage. Summarizing.

You may have read a lot of books, or you may have read very few. But at the same time, you have already managed to become the author and main character of a very important book for yourself - this is the book of your own life.

Every day and hour, lines of your words, deeds, deeds and pictures of what is happening to you lie on the pages of this book. This book differs from ordinary books of the kind you know in three important ways: you write it without interruption all your life, the pages of this book turn on their own, regardless of your desire, you cannot rewrite already written lines and pages.

The wonderful English writer Oscar Wilde said: "No man can change his past." So you write everything in your book without a draft, white and the mistakes that people make and remain on the pages of this unusual book. Of course, everyone wants to have as few mistakes as possible in life, and for this you need to know and follow the values ​​\u200b\u200bthat will help you build your life as a long and bright, happy life.

In order for the light to push back the darkness on the new pages of the book of your life, you yourself must learn to correct your own shortcomings, better understand the people around you - this will help you strengthen your character, not succumb to deception, and not be afraid of life's difficulties.

Thank you for your attention!

Russia is going through one of the difficult historical periods at the present time. And the biggest danger that lies in wait for our society is the destruction of the individual. Today, more and more often, material values ​​dominate spiritual ones, so young people have distorted ideas about kindness, mercy, generosity, justice, citizenship and patriotism. The high level of crime and the increasingly common ideology of extremism and terrorism are caused by a general increase in aggressiveness and cruelty in society. The younger generation is distinguished by emotional, strong-willed and spiritual immaturity.

The orientation of the younger generation to the attributes of mass, mainly Western culture has gained wide scope due to the reduction of true spiritual, cultural, national values ​​characteristic of the Russian mentality. The destruction of the institution of the family continues: extra-marital, anti-parental and anti-family attitudes are being formed.

The relevance of the problem of spiritual and moral education is due to the fact that in the modern world a person lives and develops, surrounded by a variety of sources of strong influence on him, both positive and negative, which daily fall on the fragile intellect and feelings of a young person, on his emerging sphere. morality.

Extremism and its variety of terrorism continue to pose a real danger both to the international community, to our state, and to the younger generation, the youth.

Extremist behavior and terrorism is antisocial in nature, since it is based on the principle "the end justifies the means", expresses the desire to go to the goal in the shortest way, denies the rights of another person and its self-worth. Extremism in behavior is incompatible with personal culture, cultural development of the individual. The essential features of extremist behavior are the individual's irresponsible attitude towards himself, people, society, legal and civil irresponsibility, moral permissiveness, self-will, etc. Finally, it appeals to emotions, bypassing consciousness, often has a shocking, scandalous, defiant character, which is especially pronounced in the youth environment. Lack of social experience, high emotionality, gullibility along with lack of self-control and personal responsibility often make people with extreme attitudes, especially the younger generation, young people, hostages of political and other forces that use them for their own selfish purposes.

The younger generation is especially susceptible to the influence of various kinds of negative trends in society and is often involved in various extremist formations, often has no idea about the ideological basis of extremist phenomena. The main ideological component of countering extremism should be the spiritual and moral education of the younger generation.

An important direction in the prevention of terrorism and extremism is the creation of a single information space for the dissemination of ideas of tolerance, civil solidarity, respect for other peoples, cultures, religions.

Prevention of extremism and terrorism is not only the task of the state, but to a large extent, it is also the task of representatives of civil society, schools and families.

Religion throughout the centuries and to this day is the most important factor that largely determines the course of human history. Religious movements and teachings influence the formation of cultures, societies and human civilization as a whole. Religion is the most important part of the spiritual and cultural life of mankind throughout its history.

Russia is a multinational country. It has historically coexisted with many cultures, often growing up within their own religious traditions. Therefore, the new generation of Russians, not having knowledge about religions and their role in Russian history, simply will not be able to equip their country. Without elementary knowledge about the religious side of life, it is impossible to correctly understand the events of the past and present. Religions have always been and continue to be the core in the life of various civilizations, defining their unique face. In addition, without knowledge of religions it is difficult to understand the world political processes, the causes of modern conflicts and wars. Paradoxically, the wars of the late 20th century very often have religious overtones or operate with religious slogans. Ignoring the religious factor sometimes results in grave consequences and tragedies.

The school is able to make a significant contribution to the stabilization of the psychological state of society, and ultimately to the fight against terrorism. Remaining a state-public institution, the school has a significant propaganda potential that extends not only to millions of students, but also to the masses of parents, close relatives of students, and teachers.

Spiritual and moral education is a pedagogically organized process of assimilation and acceptance by students of basic national values, mastering the system of universal values ​​and cultural, spiritual and moral values ​​of the multinational people of the Russian Federation.

Spiritual and moral development, carried out in the process of socialization, the consistent expansion and strengthening of the value-semantic sphere of the individual, the formation of a person’s ability to evaluate and consciously build, on the basis of traditional moral norms and moral ideals, attitudes towards oneself, other people, society, the state, the Fatherland, the world as a whole .

The end result of the work of the school should be psychological neoplasms in the mind of the individual, which can be transformed into stable components of social consciousness:

Education of citizenship, patriotism, respect for the rights, freedoms and duties of a person:

conviction of belonging to a multinational Russian society, which is in a state of improvement in all spheres of its life;

ideas about the political structure of the Russian state, its institutions, their role in the life of society, about its most important laws;

ideas about the symbols of the state - the Flag, the Coat of Arms of Russia, the flag and coat of arms of the subject of the Russian Federation in which the educational institution is located;

respect for the defenders of the Motherland;

ideas about the institutions of civil society, about the possibilities of citizens' participation in public administration;

respect for the Russian language as the state language, the language of interethnic communication;

ideas about the rights and obligations of a Russian citizen;

value attitude to their national language and culture;

ideas about the peoples of Russia, about their common historical destiny, about the unity of the peoples of our country;

interest in social phenomena, understanding of the active role of man in society;

interest in public holidays and major events in the life of Russia;

the ability to take responsibility for one's actions;

ideas about national heroes and the most important events in the history of Russia and its peoples;

steadfast rejection of all types of extremism, including political and religious extremism, which gives rise to terror as a means of solving fundamental socio-economic and political problems;

stable psychological immunity of citizens to the influence of extremists who seek to influence the authorities by intimidating the population with terror.

Education of moral feelings and ethical consciousness:

elementary ideas about the religious picture of the world, the role of traditional religions in the development of the Russian state, in the history and culture of our country;

initial ideas about basic national Russian values;

respectful attitude towards parents, elders, friendly attitude towards peers and younger ones;

careful, humane attitude towards all living things;

distinguishing between good and bad deeds;

knowledge of the rules of polite behavior, culture of speech, the ability to use "magic" words, to be neat, clean, tidy;

ideas about the possible negative impact on the moral and psychological state of a person of computer games, movies, television programs, advertising;

ideas about the rules of conduct in an educational institution, at home, on the street, in a settlement, in public places, in nature;

the desire to avoid bad deeds, not to be capricious, not to be stubborn; the ability to admit to a bad deed and analyze it;

establishing friendly relations in the team, based on mutual assistance and mutual support;

a negative attitude towards immoral acts, rudeness, offensive words and actions, including in the content of feature films and television programs.

Education of a value attitude towards beauty, the formation of ideas about aesthetic ideals and values ​​(aesthetic education):

the formation of aesthetic ideals, a sense of beauty; the ability to see the beauty of nature, labor and creativity;

interest in reading, works of art, children's performances, concerts, exhibitions, music;

interest in arts and crafts;

ideas about the mental and physical beauty of a person;

striving for a neat appearance;

negative attitude towards ugly deeds and slovenliness

Formation of a value attitude to health and a healthy lifestyle:

understanding the importance of physical culture and sports for human health, education, work and creativity;

value attitude to one's health, health of parents (legal representatives), members of one's family, teachers, peers;

elementary ideas about the influence of human morality on the state of his health and the health of the people around him;

knowledge and implementation of sanitary and hygienic rules, observance of a health-saving regime of the day;

initial ideas about the possible negative impact of computer games, television, advertising on human health;

elementary ideas about the unity and mutual influence of various types of human health: physical, moral (mental), socio-psychological (health of the family and school staff);

initial ideas about the health-improving influence of nature on man;

interest in nature walks, outdoor games, participation in sports competitions;

negative attitude to non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and sanitation, avoidance of physical education.

Education of industriousness, creative attitude to learning, work, life:

initial ideas about the moral foundations of study, the leading role of education, labor and the importance of creativity in the life of a person and society;

value attitude to learning as a kind of creative activity;

respect for the work and creativity of elders and peers;

careful attitude to the results of their own work, the work of Other people, to school property, textbooks, personal belongings;

the ability to show discipline, consistency and perseverance in the performance of educational and training tasks;

elementary ideas about the main professions;

initial teamwork skills, including the development and implementation of educational and training projects;

elementary ideas about the role of knowledge, science, modern production in human life and society;

the ability to keep order in the workplace;

a negative attitude towards laziness and negligence in work and study, a careless attitude towards the results of people's labor.

Education of a value attitude to nature, the environment (ecological education):

value attitude to nature and all forms of life;

elementary experience in environmental protection;

development of interest in nature, natural phenomena and forms of life, understanding of the active role of man in nature;

respect for plants and animals.

Thus, in any type of social behavior, the social, personal qualities of a person, the characteristics of his psyche, the level of culture, motives, needs, interests, values ​​are manifested.

Literature:

1. Baranov, A. V. The role of military-patriotic clubs in the spiritual and moral education of youth / A. V. Baranov // Secondary vocational education. - 2011. - No. 2. - pp. 28-29
2. Nikandrov, N. D. Spiritual values ​​and education in modern Russia / N. D. Nikandrov // Pedagogy. - 2008. - No. 9. - S. 3 - 12.
3. Political science: Dictionary-reference book. comp. prof. floor of sciences Sanzharevsky I.I.. 2010.
4. Threats in modern society and ways to overcome them. Terrorism and its manifestations: textbook / comp. V. Malyshev. - Moscow: Military knowledge, 2005. - 64 p.

Kolikova S. A.,student, Shui State Pedagogical University