« Captain's daughter" - one of the first and most famous works Russian historical prose, a novel by A. S. Pushkin, dedicated to the events of the Peasant War of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. The main characters of the work "The Captain's Daughter" live an extraordinary life in the imagination of every reader.

The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"

The main character of "The Captain's Daughter" is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. An honest, decent young man, completely faithful to his duty. He is 17 years old and a Russian nobleman who has just entered the military service. One of Grinev’s main qualities is sincerity. He is sincere with the characters of the novel and with the readers. When he told about his life, he did not try to embellish it. On the eve of the duel with Shvabrin, he was excited and did not hide it: “I admit, I did not have that composure that those in my position almost always boast of.” He also speaks directly and simply about his state before the conversation with Pugachev on the day of his capture of the Belogorsk fortress: “The reader can easily imagine that I was not completely cold-blooded.” Grinev does not hide his negative actions (an incident in a tavern, during a snowstorm, in a conversation with the Orenburg general). Gross mistakes are atoned for by his repentance (the case of Savelich).

Grinev was not a coward. He accepts the challenge to a duel without hesitation. He is one of the few who comes to the defense of the Belogorsk fortress when, despite the command of the commandant, “the timid garrison does not budge.” He returns for Savelich, who has lagged behind.

These actions also characterize Grinev as a person capable of love. Grinev is not vindictive, he sincerely puts up with Shvabrin. He is not characterized by gloating. Leaving the Belogorsk fortress, with Masha freed by order of Pugachev, he sees Shvabrin and turns away, not wanting to “triumph over the humiliated enemy.”

A distinctive feature of Grinev is the habit of paying good for good with the ability to be grateful. He gives Pugachev his sheepskin coat and thanks him for saving Masha.

Pugachev Emelyan Ivanovich - leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself “the great sovereign” Peter III. Pugachev is one of the main characters of Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”, the invader of the fortress in which the main characters of the story are located. This image in the novel is multifaceted: Pugachev is evil, generous, boastful, wise, disgusting, omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of those around him.

The image of Pugachev is presented in the novel through the eyes of Grinev, an uninterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the hero’s presentation. At the first meeting of Grinev with Pugachev, the rebel’s appearance is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with a gray-streaked black beard, shifty eyes, a pleasant, but roguish expression.

The second meeting with Pugachev, in a besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in chairs, then prances on horses surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly deals with the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that Pugachev is playing, portraying a “real sovereign.” He, from the royal hand, “executes as he executes, shows mercy as he shows mercy.”

And only during the third meeting with Grinev, Pugacheva opens up completely. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. Pugachev sings his favorite song (“Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. Pugachev understands what dangerous game he started, and what is the price if he loses. He doesn't trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still hopes for the best: “Isn’t there good luck for the daring?” But Pugachev’s hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: “and he nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people.”

Pugachev is inseparable from the popular element, he leads it behind him, but at the same time depends on it. It is no coincidence that the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn away from this path. The pacification of the riot is tantamount to the death of Pugachev, which happens at the end of the novel.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich - a nobleman, the opposite of Grinev in the novel. Shvabrin is dark, not good-looking, and lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for five years. He was transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed a lieutenant to death in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during his first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress). Shvabrin is very smart. Undoubtedly, he was more educated than Grinev, and was even associated with V.K. Trediakovsky.

Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Not forgiving her for this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her earrings, not a poem: “I know her character and customs from experience,” speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) . All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin stabs him in the back (when the enemy looks back at the servant’s call). Then the reader suspects Shvabrin of secretly informing Grinev’s parents about the duel. Because of this, Grinev’s father forbids him to marry Masha. The complete loss of ideas about honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to Pugachev’s side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Shvabrin tries to persuade Masha to an alliance, keeping her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Shvabrin, he lies at his feet. The hero's meanness turns into his shame. At the end of the novel, having been captured by government troops, Shvabrin denounces Grinev. He claims that he also went over to Pugachev’s side. Thus, in his meanness this hero reaches the end.

Maria Ivanovna Mironova - main female character story, the same one Captain's daughter, because of which the story bears such a name. Masha is a girl of about eighteen, pretty, modest, capable of loving passionately and devotedly.

This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. This detail is interesting: the novel contains very few conversations, or Masha’s words at all. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always unmistakable. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines a high moral sense with simplicity. She immediately correctly assessed human qualities Shvabrina and Grineva. And in the days of trials, of which many befell her (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable steadfastness and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal, talks with the empress, whom she does not recognize, and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, freeing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain's daughter Masha Mironova is a carrier best features Russian national character.

Ivan Kuzmich Mironov- captain of the fortress in which the events of Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” unfold. This minor character, father main character. In the story, his fortress is captured by rebels led by Pugachev. Captain Mironov is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, a kind, honest, deeply decent man, a faithful servant who did not break his oath even in the face of death.

Vasilisa Egorovna- Captain Mironov’s wife, kind, thrifty, passionate loving her husband and daughter. A woman who is aware of all events in the fortress.

Andrey Petrovich Grinev- Petrusha’s father, in his youth he served under Count Minich and retired as prime minister. He is not looking for easy ways for his only son, so he sends him to serve not in St. Petersburg, where the regiment to which Petrusha was assigned is stationed, but in the outback, in the army, in the Belogorsk fortress.

Avdotya Vasilievna Grineva- Petrusha’s mother, a wife, who gave birth to 9 children, 8 of whom died in infancy, so Petrusha turned out to be the only son of the Grinev couple.

Beaupré- Petrusha's tutor, who was a hairdresser in France.

Savelich- Petrusha’s uncle, that is, the Grinevs’ serf, who raised Petrusha, looked after the child as he grew up. sent together with Peter to the fortress. Thanks to Savelich, Pyotr Grinev was not executed by Pugachev.

Ivan Ivanovich Zurin- captain who beat Petrusha in Simbirsk. At the end of the story he will contribute to the capture of the fugitive Shvabrin.

The main characters of the novel "The Captain's Daughter"— Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin immediately attract the reader’s attention. From the very beginning of meeting them, it becomes clear that these people have very, very little in common. However, they are both young, daring, hot, smart and, on top of that, have noble origin. Fate decreed that both of them ended up in a distant fortress and both fell in love with the captain’s daughter Masha Mironova. And it is precisely in the feeling for Masha that the difference between the heroes begins to appear.
Even before Pyotr Grinev met Masha, Shvabrin had already taken care to introduce her to a potential rival as “a complete fool.” Shvabrin is sarcastic and mocking, he tries to ridicule everything and everyone around him. This is why it is becoming more and more difficult for Grinev to communicate with him. “Of course, I saw A.I. Shvabrin every day; but hour by hour his conversation became less pleasant for me. I really didn’t like his usual jokes about the commandant’s family, especially his caustic remarks about Marya Ivanovna. There was no other society in the fortress, but I didn’t want anything else.”
The first major quarrel that led to a duel broke out between Shvabrin and Grinev precisely because of Masha. Shvabrin intended to discredit good name girls, tried to show her in the most unfavorable light. The quarrel showed Grinev the true face of his opponent. And he already has a completely different assessment of his recent interlocutor, with whom he had previously been on the most friendly terms.
Only later does Pyotr Grinev learn that, it turns out, Shvabrin has tender feelings for Masha. He even wooed the captain's daughter, but was refused. Only then did Pyotr Grinev realize that in fact Shvabrin specifically wanted to discredit the poor girl in his eyes. Shvabrin was afraid of rivalry and did everything possible to remove the obstacle in the person of Grinev.
It seems surprising to the reader that such a simple girl as Masha Mironova could arouse Shvabrin’s interest. Obviously, Masha’s modest grace, sensitivity and tenderness seemed quite worthy of attention to Shvabrin. Masha’s refusal hurts Shvabrin’s pride and makes it impossible to continue any relationship with her. Needless to say, the happy lover Pyotr Grinev quickly becomes Shvabrin’s enemy.
Shvabrin is not distinguished by nobility. That is why he easily commits betrayal and goes over to Pugachev’s side. How amazed Pyotr Grinev was when he saw Shvabrin among Pugachev’s entourage.
What might the betrayal of a nobleman indicate? First of all, this means that the word “honor” is an empty phrase for him. Shvabrin is afraid to lose his life, and he is ready to do anything to save himself, which is why he takes the side of the rebels. And now the oath given to the empress is forgotten, all the ideals and traditions of the nobility are forgotten.
Grinev was raised in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Officer's honor is above all for him. Therefore, despite the mortal danger, Grinev does not change military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love find themselves on opposite sides of the barricade.

Two officers - Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin - behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are carriers of two fundamentally different worldviews. These are the main characters of the story “The Captain's Daughter” as depicted by the author.

« will help you understand their inner world and the reasons for their actions.

Now you know who the main characters of the story “The Captain's Daughter” are, whom you should already remember very well if you read the work in its entirety.

Petr Andreevich Grinev (Petrusha) – main character stories. On his behalf, a narrative is told (in the form of “notes for the memory of posterity”) about the events during the peasant revolt led by Pugachev.
By the will of fate, G. found himself between two warring camps: government troops and the rebel Cossacks. In critical conditions, he managed to remain faithful to the officer's oath and remain an honest, worthy, noble man, independently in control of his destiny.
G. is the son of a retired military man, a simple but honest man who puts honor above all else. The hero is raised by the serf Savelich.
At the age of 16, G. goes to serve. He, at the request of his father, who wants his son to “smell gunpowder,” ends up in the remote Belogorsk fortress. On the way there, G. and Savelich find themselves in a snowstorm, from which some man takes them out. In gratitude, G. gives him his rabbit sheepskin coat and half a ruble for vodka.
In the fortress, G. falls in love with the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova and fights a duel with Lieutenant Shvabrin over her. He wounds G. After the duel, the hero asks his parents for their blessing to marry the dowry-free Masha, but is refused.
At this time, the fortress was captured by Pugachev. He accidentally recognizes Savelich and releases G. from the besieged fortress. Already in Orenburg, G. finds out that Masha is in the hands of Shvabrin. He goes to Pugachev's lair to help her. The impostor is touched by the story about the helpless girl and releases her with G., blessing the young couple. On the way, the heroes are ambushed by government troops. G. sends Masha to her father's estate. He himself remains in the detachment, where he is arrested following a denunciation by Shvabrin, who accuses G. of treason. But loving Masha saves the hero. He is present at the execution of Pugachev, who recognizes him in the crowd and nods to him at the last moment. Having worthily gone through all the trials of life, at the end of his life G. composes biographical notes for youth, which fall into the hands of a publisher and are published.

Masha Mironova is a young girl, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. This is exactly what the author had in mind when giving the title to his story.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. This detail is interesting: the story contains very few conversations, or Masha’s words at all. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always unmistakable. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines a high moral sense with simplicity. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, of which many befell her (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable steadfastness and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal, talks with the empress, whom she does not recognize, and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, freeing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain’s daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.

Pugachev Emelyan is the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the “great sovereign” Peter III.
This image in the story is multifaceted: P. is evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of those around him.
The image of P. is given in the story through the eyes of Grinev, an uninterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the hero’s presentation.
At the first meeting of Grinev with P., the rebel’s appearance is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with a gray-streaked black beard, shifty eyes, a pleasant, but roguish expression on his face.
The second meeting with P., in a besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in chairs, then prances on horses surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly deals with the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that P. is playing, portraying a “real sovereign.” He, from the royal hand, “executes like this, executes like this, shows mercy like this.”
And only during the third meeting with Grinev P. opens up completely. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. P. sings his favorite song (“Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. P. understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what the price will be if he loses. He doesn't trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Isn’t there good luck for the daring?” But P.’s hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: “and he nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people.”
P. is inseparable from the popular element, he leads it behind him, but at the same time depends on it. It is no coincidence that the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn away from this path. The pacification of the riot is tantamount to P.'s death, which is what happens at the end of the story.

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich is a nobleman, the antipode of Grinev in the story.
Sh. is dark, not good-looking, and lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for five years. He was transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed a lieutenant to death in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during his first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress).
Sh. is very smart. Undoubtedly, he was more educated than Grinev, and was even associated with V.K. Trediakovsky.
Sh. courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Not forgiving her for this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know her character and customs from experience,” speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Sh. stabs him in the back (when the enemy looks back at the servant’s call). Then the reader suspects Sh. of secretly denouncing Grinev’s parents about the duel. Because of this, Grinev’s father forbids him to marry Masha. The complete loss of ideas about honor leads Sh. to treason. He goes over to Pugachev’s side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Sh. tries to persuade Masha to an alliance, holding her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Sh., he lies at his feet. The hero's meanness turns into his shame. At the end of the story, having been captured by government troops, Sh. denounces Grinev. He claims that he also went over to Pugachev’s side. Thus, in his meanness this hero reaches the end.

"Captain's daughter" — historical novel, written in the form of a memoir. In this novel, the author painted a picture of a spontaneous peasant revolt. Pushkin managed to convey to us a lot interesting facts from the history of Pugachev's uprising.

Characteristics of the main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"

Description of the main characters of "The Captain's Daughter" will help you understand their character and the reasons for their actions.

The image of Pyotr Grinev “The Captain's Daughter”

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the main character of the story “The Captain's Daughter”. The son of a retired military man, a simple but honest man who puts honor above all else. The hero is raised by the serf Savelich, taught by Monsieur Beaupre. Until the age of 16, Peter lived as a small child, chasing pigeons.
His father cannot realize himself. I think this is how Pushkin leads the reader to the idea that Pyotr Andreevich could have lived the most ordinary life if not for his father’s will. Throughout the story, Peter changes, from a crazy boy he turns first into a young man asserting independence, and then into a courageous and persistent adult.
At the age of 16, he sends him with Savelich to the Belogorsk fortress, which is more like a village, so that he can “smell gunpowder.” In the fortress, Petrusha falls in love with Masha Mironova, which played an important role in the formation of his character. Grinev not only fell in love, but was ready to take full responsibility for his beloved. When he comes under siege by government troops, he sends Masha to her parents. When his beloved was left an orphan, Peter risked his life and honor, which is more important to him. He proved this during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, when he refused the oath to Pugachev and any compromises with him, preferring death to the slightest deviation from the dictates of duty and honor. Finding yourself in this critical situation, Grinev is rapidly changing, growing spiritually and morally.
After meeting with Emelyan in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev becomes more decisive and courageous. Peter is still young, so out of frivolity he does not think about how his behavior is assessed from the outside when they accept Pugachev’s help in freeing Marya Petrovna. For the sake of his love, he asks the general to give him fifty soldiers and permission to liberate the captured fortress. Having received a refusal, the young man does not fall into despair, but resolutely goes to Pugachev’s lair.

The image of Alexey Shvabrin “The Captain's Daughter”

Shvabrin Alexey Ivanovich is a nobleman, the antipode of Grinev in the story.
Shvabrin is dark, not good-looking, and lively. He has been serving in the Belogorsk fortress for five years. He was transferred here for “murder” (he stabbed a lieutenant to death in a duel). He is distinguished by mockery and even contempt (during his first meeting with Grinev, he very mockingly describes all the inhabitants of the fortress).
The hero is very smart. Undoubtedly, he is more educated than Grinev. Shvabrin courted Masha Mironova, but was refused. Not forgiving her for this, he, taking revenge on the girl, spreads dirty rumors about her (recommends Grinev to give her not a poem, but earrings: “I know her character and customs from experience,” speaks of Masha as the last fool, etc.) All this speaks of the spiritual dishonor of the hero. During a duel with Grinev, who defended the honor of his beloved Masha, Shvabrin. stabs in the back (when the enemy looks back at the servant's call). Then the reader suspects Alesya of secretly informing Grinev’s parents about the duel. Because of this, Grinev’s father forbids him to marry Masha. The complete loss of ideas about honor leads Shvabrin to treason. He goes over to Pugachev’s side and becomes one of the commanders there. Using his power, Shvabrin tries to persuade Masha to an alliance, keeping her captive. But when Pugachev, having learned about this, wants to punish Alexei, he lies at his feet. The hero's meanness turns into his shame. At the end of the story, having been captured by government troops, Shvabrin denounces Grinev. He claims that he also went over to Pugachev’s side. That is, in his meanness this hero reaches the end.

Image of Masha Mironova “The Captain's Daughter”

Masha Mironova is a young girl, the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. This is exactly what the author had in mind when giving the title to his story.
This image personifies high morality and spiritual purity. This detail is interesting: the story contains very few conversations, or Masha’s words at all. This is no coincidence, since the strength of this heroine is not in words, but in the fact that her words and actions are always unmistakable. All this testifies to the extraordinary integrity of Masha Mironova. Masha combines a high moral sense with simplicity. She immediately correctly assessed the human qualities of Shvabrin and Grinev. And in the days of trials, of which many befell her (the capture of the fortress by Pugachev, the death of both parents, captivity at Shvabrin), Masha maintains unshakable steadfastness and presence of mind, loyalty to her principles. Finally, at the end of the story, saving her beloved Grinev, Masha, as an equal, talks with the empress, whom she does not recognize, and even contradicts her. As a result, the heroine wins, freeing Grinev from prison. Thus, the captain’s daughter Masha Mironova is the bearer of the best features of the Russian national character.

Pugachev's image "The Captain's Daughter"

Pugachev Emelyan is the leader of the anti-noble uprising, calling himself the “great sovereign” Peter III.
This image in the story is multifaceted: P. is evil, and generous, and boastful, and wise, and disgusting, and omnipotent, and dependent on the opinions of those around him.
The image of P. is given in the story through the eyes of Grinev, an uninterested person. According to the author, this should ensure the objectivity of the hero’s presentation.
At the first meeting of Grinev with P., the rebel’s appearance is unremarkable: he is a 40-year-old man of average height, thin, broad-shouldered, with a gray-streaked black beard, shifty eyes, a pleasant, but roguish expression on his face.
The second meeting with P., in a besieged fortress, gives a different image. The impostor sits in chairs, then prances on horses surrounded by Cossacks. Here he cruelly and mercilessly deals with the defenders of the fortress who did not swear allegiance to him. One gets the feeling that P. is playing, portraying a “real sovereign.” He, from the royal hand, “executes like this, executes like this, shows mercy like this.”
And only during the third meeting with Grinev P. opens up completely. At the Cossack feast, the ferocity of the leader disappears. P. sings his favorite song (“Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree”) and tells a fairy tale about an eagle and a raven, which reflect the philosophy of the impostor. P. understands what a dangerous game he has started, and what the price will be if he loses. He doesn't trust anyone, not even his closest associates. But still he hopes for the best: “Isn’t there good luck for the daring?” But P.’s hopes are not justified. He is arrested and executed: “and he nodded his head, which a minute later, dead and bloody, was shown to the people.”
P. is inseparable from the popular element, he leads it behind him, but at the same time depends on it. It is no coincidence that the first time in the story he appears during a snowstorm, among which he easily finds his way. But, at the same time, he can no longer turn away from this path. The pacification of the riot is tantamount to P.'s death, which is what happens at the end of the story.

Tells about the events of the second half of the 18th century. The plot is based on peasant revolt under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. Given historical event called one of the largest and bloodiest people's wars. In “The Captain's Daughter,” Pushkin clearly demonstrates to the reader how much suffering the “senseless and merciless Russian rebellion” brings not only to the “enemies of the people” - the nobles, but also to the rebels themselves. The work reveals the stories of the characters in such a way that we can empathize with them, exploring new sides of this conflict. We offer you a list of the main characters of “The Captain’s Daughter” with characteristics.

Petr Grinev- the main character on whose behalf the story is told. The son of a rich landowner. From birth he prepared for military service in St. Petersburg, but, to his disappointment, at the age of 16 he was sent by his father to Orenburg, Belgorod fortress. This is where it begins new life, filled with significant encounters, frightening events and losses.

A kind person who knows how to help. This character trait is revealed in the episode with the hare sheepskin coat that he gives. Grinev becomes good at fulfilling his military duty (commanders praise him for his services), becomes interested in poetry, and easily gets along with people.

Masha Mironova- the title character. This is the same captain’s daughter, 18 years old. Grinev falls in love with her upon arrival at the fortress, and she reciprocates his feelings. , unlike Peter, is an insolvent noblewoman, “a girl without a dowry.” Dresses “simple and sweet.” Grinev notes that she has an angelic voice. She is smart, kind and has enviable courage (the episode with Catherine's petition). A peasant revolt takes her parents away from her - Pugachev kills them during the capture of the fortress.

Emelyan Pugachev- real historical figure, Don Cossack, the main instigator of the riot. In the novel, he is presented simultaneously as a bloody robber, a merciless villain and swindler, and as a savvy, intelligent, freedom-loving person. His attitude to life is presented in the episode with the eagle and the raven: “than eat carrion for 300 years, better time drink of living blood." At the end of the novel he is executed.

Alexey Shvabrin- minor character. A young man from a wealthy family. At the beginning of the novel, he gets along with Grinev, the latter considers him his friend. A demoted guardsman, for the murder of a colleague, he was transferred to the Belgorod fortress. During the course of the novel, he gets along with Pugachev, thereby betraying the Russian army, and in the end he becomes a prisoner. Grinev is attracted by his intelligence, but repelled by his desire for slander and malicious ridicule.

Shvabrin is a character more negative than positive. There is more evil in his character: he is endowed with shamelessness and cruelty. He is angry, narcissistic and mean: “...Alexey Ivanovich is forcing me to marry him<…>He treats me very cruelly...” (Masha’s words).

Arkhip Savelyev (Savelich)- servant of Pyotr Grinev, sent along with his master to the Belgorod fortress. This old man has been serving the Grinevs faithfully for many years. He is a typical serf, kind, accustomed to obeying orders and obeying his masters. tries to teach Peter about life, sometimes argues with him, but always forgives him.

Based on the characteristics of the main characters in the novel, one can get a more or less complete picture of the Peasant War. Of course, all this is the author’s interpretation, and not a documentary chronicle, so you cannot blindly believe in the truth. But the atmosphere created by Pushkin, the mood of the era conveyed and human feelings fair and true. Perhaps, after reading “The Captain's Daughter,” it will be easier for readers to understand the motives of the actions of the peasants who organized such a merciless war.

There are times when you need to quickly get acquainted with a book, but there is no time to read. For such cases there is brief retelling(briefly). "The Captain's Daughter" is a story from school curriculum, which certainly deserves attention at least in a brief retelling.

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The main characters of "The Captain's Daughter"

Before you read the abridged story “The Captain's Daughter,” you need to get to know the main characters.

“The Captain's Daughter” tells the story of several months in the life of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, a hereditary nobleman. He undergoes military service in the Belogorodskaya fortress during the time of peasant unrest under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. This story is told by Pyotr Grinev himself through entries in his diary.

Main characters

Minor characters

Chapter I

Peter Grinev's father, even before his birth, enrolled in the ranks of the sergeants of the Semenovsky regiment, since he himself was a retired officer.

At the age of five, he assigned his son a personal servant named Arkhip Savelich. His task was to raise him to be a real master. Arkhip Savelich taught little Peter a lot, for example, to understand the breeds of hunting dogs, Russian literacy and much more.

Four years later, his father sends sixteen-year-old Peter to serve with his good friend in Orenburg. Servant Savelich is traveling with Peter. In Simbirsk, Grinev meets a man named Zurin. He teaches Peter how to play billiards. After getting drunk, Grinev loses a hundred rubles to a military man.

Chapter II

Grinev and Savelich got lost on the way to their place of duty, but a random passer-by showed them the way to the inn. There Peter examines the guide- he looks about forty years old, he has a black beard, a strong build, and in general he looks like a robber. Having entered into a conversation with the owner of the inn, they discussed something in a foreign language.

The guide is practically naked, and therefore Grinev decides to give him a hare sheepskin coat. The sheepskin coat was so small for him that it was literally bursting at the seams, but despite this, he was glad for the gift and promised never to forget it good deed. A day later, young Peter, having arrived in Orenburg, introduces himself to the general, who sends him to the Belgorod fortress to serve under Captain Mironov. Not without the help of Father Peter, of course.

Chapter III

Grinev arrives at the Belgorod fortress, which is a village surrounded by a high wall and one cannon. Captain Mironov, under whose leadership Peter came to serve, was a gray-haired old man, and two officers and approximately a hundred soldiers served under his command. One of the officers is the one-eyed old lieutenant Ivan Ignatich, the second is called Alexey Shvabrin - he was exiled to this place as punishment for a duel.

Newly arrived Peter met Alexei Shvabrin that same evening. Shvabrin told about each of the captain’s family: his wife Vasilisa Egorovna and their daughter Masha. Vasilisa commands both her husband and the entire garrison. And my daughter Masha is a very cowardly girl. Later, Grinev himself meets Vasilisa and Masha, and also the constable Maksimych . He's very scared that the upcoming service will be boring and therefore very long.

Chapter IV

Grinev liked it in the fortress, despite Maksimych’s experiences. The soldiers here are treated without much severity, despite the fact that the captain at least occasionally organizes exercises, but they still cannot distinguish between “left” and “right”. In the house of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Grinev becomes almost a member of the family, and also falls in love with his daughter Masha.

In one of the outbursts of feelings, Grinev dedicates poems to Masha and reads them to the only one in the castle who understands poetry - Shvabrin. Shvabrin makes fun of his feelings in a very rude manner and says that the earrings are it's more useful gift . Grinev is offended by this too harsh criticism in his direction, and he calls him a liar in response, and Alexey emotionally challenges him to a duel.

Excited Peter wants to call Ivan Ignatich as a second, but the old man believes that such a showdown is too much. After dinner, Peter tells Shvabrin that Ivan Ignatich did not agree to be a second. Shvabrin proposes to conduct a duel without seconds.

Having met early morning, they did not have time to clarify their relationship in the duel, because they were immediately tied up and taken into custody by soldiers under the command of a lieutenant. Vasilisa Egorovna forces them to pretend that they have made peace, and after that they are released from custody. From Masha, Peter learns that the whole point is that Alexey had already received a refusal from her, which is why he behaved so aggressively.

This did not dampen their ardor, and they meet the next day by the river to complete the matter. Peter had almost defeated the officer in a fair fight, but was distracted by the call. It was Savelich. Turning towards a familiar voice, Grinev is wounded in the chest area.

Chapter V

The wound turned out to be so serious that Peter woke up only on the fourth day. Shvabrin decides to make peace with Peter, they apologize to each other. Taking advantage of the moment that Masha is caring for the sick Peter, he confesses his love to her and receives reciprocity in return.

Grinev, in love and inspired writes a letter home asking for blessings for the wedding. In response, a stern letter comes with a refusal and the sad news of the death of the mother. Peter thinks that his mother died when she found out about the duel, and suspects Savelich of the denunciation.

The offended servant shows proof to Peter: a letter from his father, where he scolds and scolds him because he did not tell about the injury. After a while, suspicions lead Peter to the idea that Shvabrin did this in order to prevent his and Masha’s happiness and disrupt the wedding. Having learned that her parents do not give their blessing, Maria refuses the wedding.

Chapter VI

In October 1773 very quickly rumor spreads about the Pugachev rebellion, despite the fact that Mironov tried to keep it a secret. The captain decides to send Maksimych on reconnaissance. Maksimych returns two days later and reports that a huge disturbance is rising among the Cossacks.

At the same time, they report to Maksimych that he went over to Pugachev’s side and incited the Cossacks to start a riot. Maksimych is arrested, and in his place they put the man who reported on him - the baptized Kalmyk Yulay.

Further events pass very quickly: constable Maksimych escapes from custody, one of Pugachev’s men is captured, but he cannot be asked anything because he does not have a language. The neighboring fortress has been captured, and very soon the rebels will be under the walls of this fortress. Vasilisa and her daughter go to Orenburg.

Chapter VII

The next morning, an armful of fresh news reaches Grinev: the Cossacks left the fortress, taking Yulay prisoner; Masha did not have time to get to Orenburg and the road was blocked. By order of the captain, the rebel patrolmen are shot from a cannon.

Soon Pugachev’s main army appears, led by Emelyan himself, smartly dressed in a red caftan and riding a white horse. Four traitorous Cossacks offer to surrender, recognizing Pugachev as ruler. They throw Yulay's head over the fence, which falls at Mironov's feet. Mironov gives the order to shoot, and one of the negotiators is killed, the rest manage to escape.

They begin to storm the fortress, and Mironov says goodbye to his family and gives Masha’s blessing. Vasilisa takes away her terribly frightened daughter. The commandant fires the cannon once, gives the order to open the gate, and then rushes into battle.

The soldiers are in no hurry to run after the commander, and the attackers manage to break into the fortress. Grinev is taken prisoner. A large gallows is being built in the square. A crowd gathers around, many greet the rioters with joy. The impostor, sitting on a chair in the commandant's house, takes oaths from prisoners. Ignatyich and Mironov are hanged for refusing to take an oath.

The turn reaches Grinev, and he notices Shvabrin among the rebels. When Peter is escorted to the gallows to be executed, Savelich suddenly falls at Pugachev’s feet. Somehow he manages to beg for mercy for Grinev. When Vasilisa was taken out of the house, seeing her dead husband, she emotionally called Pugachev “an escaped convict.” She is immediately killed for this.

Chapter VIII

Peter began to look for Masha. The news was disappointing - she was lying unconscious with the priest’s wife, who told everyone that it was her seriously ill relative. Peter returns to the old looted apartment and learns from Savelich how he managed to persuade Pugachev to let Peter go.

Pugachev is the same random passer-by whom they met when they got lost and gave them a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev invites Peter to the commandant’s house, and he eats there with the rebels at the same table.

During lunch, he manages to overhear how the military council is making plans to march on Orenburg. After lunch, Grinev and Pugachev have a conversation, where Pugachev again demands to take an oath. Peter again refuses him, arguing that he is an officer and the orders of his commanders are law for him. Pugachev likes such honesty, and he lets Peter go again.

Chapter IX

On the morning before Pugachev’s departure, Savelich approaches him and brings things that were taken from Grinev during his capture. At the very end of the list is a hare sheepskin coat. Pugachev gets angry and throws out the sheet of paper with this list. Leaving, he leaves Shvabrin as commandant.

Grinev rushes to the priest's wife to find out how Masha is, but very disappointing news awaits him - she is delirious and in a fever. He can't take her away, but he also can't stay. Therefore, he has to leave her temporarily.

Worried, Grinev and Savelich walk at a slow pace to Orenburg. Suddenly, unexpectedly, the former constable Maksimych, who is riding a Bashkir horse, catches up with them. It turned out that it was Pugachev who said to give the officer a horse and a sheepskin coat. Peter gratefully accepts this gift.

Chapter X

Arriving in Orenburg, Peter reports to the general about everything that happened in the fortress. At the council they decide not to attack, but only to defend. After some time, the siege of Orenburg by Pugachev’s army begins. Thanks to a fast horse and luck, Grinev remains safe and sound.

In one of these forays he meets Maksimych. Maksimych gives him a letter from Masha, which says that Shvabrin kidnapped her and forcibly forces her to marry him. Grinev runs to the general and asks for a company of soldiers to liberate the Belgorod fortress, but the general refuses him.

Chapter XI

Grinev and Savelich decide to escape from Orenburg and without any problems go towards the Bermuda settlement, which was occupied by Pugachev’s people. Having waited until nightfall, they decide to drive around the settlement in the dark, but they are caught by a detachment of patrolmen. He miraculously manages to escape, but Savelich, unfortunately, does not.

Therefore, Peter returns for him and is then captured. Pugachev finds out why he fled Orenburg. Peter informs him about Shvabrin’s tricks. Pugachev begins to get angry and threatens to hang him.

Pugachev's adviser does not believe Grinev's stories, claiming that Peter is a spy. Suddenly, a second adviser named Khlopusha begins to stand up for Peter. They almost start a fight, but the impostor calms them down. Pugachev decides to take the wedding of Peter and Masha into his own hands.

Chapter XII

When Pugachev arrived to the Belgorod fortress, he began to demand to see the girl who was kidnapped by Shvabrin. He leads Pugachev and Grinev into the room where Masha is sitting on the floor.

Pugachev, deciding to understand the situation, asks Masha why her husband beats her. Masha exclaims indignantly that she will never become his wife. Pugachev is very disappointed in Shvabrin and orders him to immediately let the young couple go.

Chapter XIII

Masha with Peter set off on the road. When they enter the town, where there should be a large detachment of Pugachevites, they see that the city has already been liberated. They want to arrest Grinev, he goes into the officer’s room and sees his old acquaintance Zurin at the head.

He remains in Zurin’s detachment, and sends Masha and Savelich to their parents. Soon the siege was lifted from Orenburg, and news of victory and the end of the war arrived, since the impostor was captured. While Peter was getting ready to go home, Zurin received an order for his arrest.

Chapter XIV

In court, Pyotr Grinev is accused of treason and espionage. Witness - Shvabrin. In order not to drag Masha into this matter, Peter does not justify himself in any way, and they want to hang him. Empress Catherine, taking pity on his elderly father, changes the execution to serving a life sentence in the Siberian settlement. Masha decides that she will lie at the feet of the empress, begging for mercy on him.

Having gone to St. Petersburg, she stops at an inn and finds out that the owner is the niece of the stove burner in the palace. She helps Masha enter the garden of Tsarskoye Selo, where she meets a lady who promises to help her. After some time, a carriage arrives from the palace for Masha. Entering Catherine's chambers, she is surprised to see the woman with whom she spoke in the garden. She announces to her that Grinev is acquitted. read our article.

Afterword

This was a short retelling. “The Captain's Daughter” is a rather interesting story from the school curriculum. Summary according to the chapters you need for.