The prayer of Jesus Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane and His taking into custody. (Chapter from the “Law of God” by Archpriest Seraphim Slobodsky). Washing the feet. Taking Christ into custody. Desecration of Christ Taking Jesus Christ into custody

Entering the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus Christ said to His disciples: “Sit here while I pray!” He himself, taking Peter, James and John with him, entered the depths of the garden; and began to grieve and yearn. Then he says to them: “My soul is grieved to death; stay here and watch with Me.” And, moving away from them a little, He knelt down, fell to the ground, prayed and said: “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass (pass by) Me (i.e., the upcoming suffering); however, let it not be as I want, but like you." Having prayed like this, Jesus Christ returns to the three disciples and sees that they are sleeping. He says to them: “Could you not watch with Me for one hour? Watch and pray, so as not to fall into temptation.” And he went away and prayed, saying the same words. Then he returns to the disciples again, and again finds them sleeping; their eyes grew heavy, and they did not know what to answer Him. Jesus Christ left them and prayed for the third time with the same words. An angel from heaven appeared to Him and strengthened Him. His anguish and mental anguish were so great and his prayer so fervent that drops of bloody sweat fell from His face to the ground. Having finished the prayer, the Savior stood up, approached the sleeping disciples and said: “Are you still sleeping? It is over. The hour has come; and the Son of Man is being delivered into the hands of sinners. Arise, let us go; behold, he who betrayed Me has drawn near.” At this time, Judas, the traitor, came into the garden with a crowd of people who walked with lanterns, stakes and swords; these were soldiers and ministers sent by the high priests and Pharisees to capture Jesus Christ. Judas agreed with them: “Whoever I kiss, take him.” Approaching Jesus Christ, Judas said: “Hail Rabbi (Teacher)!” And kissed Him. Jesus Christ said to him: “Friend! Why have you come? Are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” These words of the Savior were the last call to repentance for Judas. Then Jesus Christ, knowing everything that would happen to Him, approached the crowd and said: “Who are you looking for?” From the crowd they answered: “Jesus the Nazarene.” The Savior tells them: “It is I.” At these words, the warriors and servants stepped back in fear and fell to the ground. When they recovered from their fear and stood up, in confusion they tried to seize the disciples of Christ. The Savior said again: “Who are you looking for?” They said, "Jesus the Nazarene." “I told you it was I,” answered the Savior. So, if you are looking for Me, leave them (the disciples), let them go." The soldiers and servants came up and surrounded Jesus Christ. The apostles wanted to protect their Teacher. Peter, having a sword with him, drew it and struck with it the servant of the high priest, named Malchus, and cut off his right ear. But Jesus Christ said to Peter: “Put your sword in its sheath; for all who take the sword will perish by the sword (i.e., whoever lifts the sword against another will himself perish by the sword). Or do you think that I cannot now beg My Father to send many angels to protect Me? Shall I not drink the cup (of suffering) that the Father gave Me (for the salvation of people)?” Having said this, Jesus Christ, touching Malchus’ ear, healed him, and voluntarily gave Himself into the hands of His enemies. In the crowd of servants there were also Jewish leaders. Jesus Christ, addressing them, said: “It was as if you had come out against a thief with swords and staves to take Me; every day I was in the temple, I sat there with you and taught, and then you did not They took Me. But now is your time and the power of darkness." The soldiers, having bound the Savior, led Him to the high priests. Then the apostles, leaving the Savior, fled in fear. Only two of them, John and Peter, followed him from afar. NOTE: See Gospel; from Matthew, ch. 26, 36-56; from Mark, ch. 14, 32-52; from Luke, ch. 22, 40-53; from John, ch. 18, 1-12.

Caravaggio

Kiss of Judas. OK. 1602

canvas, oil

National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

(inv. L.14702 And 76.4 )

Media files on Wikimedia Commons

"Kiss of Judas"- a painting by Caravaggio, the original of which is in Dublin, and a repetition was the subject of a high-profile theft from the Odessa Museum.

Plot

The plot of the film is based on the messages of the evangelists about the last days of the earthly life of Jesus Christ. Judas Iscariot, one of Jesus' disciples, betrayed him by revealing his whereabouts and pointing him out to the guards when Christ was leaving the Garden of Gethsemane.

Story

The painting was created by the artist at the request of his regular client Chiriaco Mattei. The painting was believed to have disappeared in the 18th century. In 1990, the lost masterpiece was identified by National Gallery of Ireland chief conservator Sergio Benedetti in a painting hanging in the Society of Jesus in Dublin. The discovery was published in 1993. Benedetti identified the painting and cleaned it up.

The painting, which hung in the Jesuit refectory since the early 1930s, was long believed to be a copy of a lost original by Gerard van Honthorst, one of the Dutch Caravaggists. With this attribution she came from the legacy of the Mattei family, who sold her as Honthorst in 1802 to William Hamilton Nisbet, in whose Scottish house she remained until 1921. She was then sold to Irish pediatrician Maria Leigh-Wilson, who donated her in the 1930s (probably 1934) to the Dublin Jesuits in gratitude for their support following the murder of her husband Captain Percival Leigh-Wilson by the Irish Republican Army in 1920.

At the moment, the Jesuits have provided the painting to the gallery on permanent lease.

Repetition in Odessa

The Odessa painting required restoration after its return

The painting “The Kiss of Judas” was stolen from the Odessa Museum of Western European and Oriental Art on July 30, 2008. For a long time it was considered an author’s repetition or even an original (with which the Dublin Museum did not agree).

It was discovered in Berlin. On July 25, 2010, the German Federal Criminal Police detained 4 members of an international gang (1 Russian and 3 Ukrainians). About 20 more possible accomplices of the theft were arrested in Ukraine. The canvas was found when thieves tried to transfer the purchase to an underground collector. The crime was solved thanks to the introduction of a “millionaire” straw buyer.

In 2012, the Ukrainian museum agreed that the Odessa “Kiss of Judas” is not the author’s repetition of the Dublin painting. Ukrainian experts announced that now, after research, they agree with this fact, which representatives of the Irish museum had previously insisted on. Tatyana Bychko, deputy director of the National Research Center for Restoration, in whose department the painting is now located, told reporters that they had to go to the Hermitage to establish the truth. The St. Petersburg Museum, which has its own original of the great Italian (the famous “Lute Player”), in 1954 was engaged in the restoration of “The Kiss of Judas” in Grabar’s workshops and confirmed this assumption. Most likely, the painting was painted by an Italian artist

Ivan Derma Yartsev and Andrey Lavrentiev. Washing the feet. Taking Christ into custody. The reproach of Christ. 1509 Photo by E.V. Gordyushenkov / Novgorod Museum-Reserve

This tripartite icon with Gospel scenes shows three sequential events. On the left, Christ washes the disciples' feet; As the Gospel of John says, Jesus washed the feet of the apostles and said: “Therefore, if I, the Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, then you ought to wash one another’s feet. For I have given you an example, that you also should do the same as I have done to you. Truly, truly, I say to you, a servant is not greater than his master, and a messenger is not greater than the one who sent him. If you know this, blessed are you when you do it” (John 13:14-17). In memory of this, in the Catholic Church on Maundy Thursday, before Easter, the priest washes the feet of twelve parishioners. In the Orthodox Church, the priests' feet are washed by the bishop, but the ritual is rarely performed.

The central part of the icon is the arrest of Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane: Judas kisses his teacher, indicating to the guards who needs to be arrested, and to the left, the Apostle Peter cuts off the ear of the high priest's servant, trying to protect Christ (Jesus later healed the slave and forbade the apostles to fight).

On the right - Jews mock the arrested Christ, dance, play tambourines and trumpets. If you look closely, the warrior in the central image and the five soldiers in the scolding scene have helmets on their heads with diagonal traces on the back. These are typical “crested” helmets, which were used to designate sinful warriors. This sign appeared on Russian icons as a hybrid of a shishak, an indispensable element of military ammunition, and raised hair, which denoted demons and sinners.

4.8.1. The Kiss of Judas and the Taking of Christ into custody

Having finished the prayer, Christ approached the sleeping disciples: “ You are all sleeping and resting! It is over, the hour has come: behold, the Son of Man is given over into the hands of sinners. Get up, let's go; Behold, he who betrays Me has drawn near"(Mark 14:41). The Savior came out to meet the approaching crowd. The people were armed: some of them held sticks and stakes, others held swords and spears; Among the people were warriors from the temple guards, as well as elders.

Evangelist John says that the Lord not only went to meet the crowd, but also asked them: “ Who are you looking for?" - and after the answer: " Jesus of Nazareth", - He betrayed Himself to them, saying: " It's me"(John 18: 3–5). The crowd, hearing this, fell to the ground, amazed by the power of the word of Christ. This situation, already in the tragic circumstances of the Gethsemane arrest, shows that everything that happened was not an accident. The Lord voluntarily gives Himself into the hands of sinners. “His power was inexpressible, that they could not have crucified Him if He Himself had not surrendered voluntarily. The Lord not only blinded their eyes, but also threw them to the ground with just one question. The fact that those who came to Jesus fell was a sign of the general fall of this people, which befell them subsequently, after the death of Christ, as Jeremiah predicted: the house of Israel has fallen, and there is no one to restore».

Judas walked with them, who quickly approached the Savior to greet Him and thereby indicate to the soldiers Who needed to be captured. The Lord meekly asked Judas: “ Friend, what did you come for?? (Matt. 26:50). This address “friend” is used three times in the Gospel, and each time it has a respectful, but not actually friendly meaning (in the parable of the wedding feast, this is how the king addresses a bad man who did not want to wear wedding clothes - see Matthew 22:12: “ Friend! How did you come here not wearing wedding clothes? He was silent”, and in the parable of the workers in the vineyard, this is how the owner addresses a person who is dissatisfied with the earnings equation - see Matt. 20:13: " Friend! I don't offend you; Did you not agree with me for a denarius?"). Christ’s question can be called rhetorical, because the answer was obvious to both the Questioner and the person being asked. This appeal of Christ to Judas is reminiscent of God’s questions to Adam after the Fall (Gen. 3:9, 11) and shows that through repentance it is possible to evade the destructive path, no matter how far a person goes along it. But Judas rejected this possibility and, leaning towards Jesus, said: “ Rejoice, Rabbi!- and kissed Him, giving the agreed sign to the soldiers. Christ, showing Judas that he knew the value of this kiss, asked: “ Judas! Do you betray the Son of Man with a kiss?(Luke 22:48).

Metropolitan Anthony (Khrapovitsky) suggests that the kissing of Judas was necessary not only so that no mistake would happen in the dark and they would take the One they wanted, but also in accordance with the norms of the Law. Judas acts as the official betrayer (transferring) Christ into the hands of the Sanhedrin, as a responsible witness of guilt, but does not dare, as required, to lay hands on Christ himself and entrusts this to others: “ He who betrayed Him gave them a sign, saying: Whomever I kiss, He is the One; take Him and lead him carefully. And when he arrived, he immediately approached Him and said: Rabbi! Rabbi! and kissed Him. And they laid their hands on Him and took Him"(Mark 14: 44, 46).

This arrest is the first step of the subsequent illegal conviction, and the Lord immediately points this out. The arrest was made without preliminary investigation. But he was not there, as can be seen from the frantic night search by the leaders for at least some witnesses who were ready to make an accusation against Jesus of Nazareth. The investigation into the Savior’s case was not carried out in the usual manner (see: Deut. 19: 15–21): denunciation of witnesses (at least two or three) - public hearing of the accusers and the accused - careful examination of the evidence by the court - trial (if there are grounds for trial) . The arrest was made in case of alleged resistance or flight of the accused (see, for example: Deut. 19: 11–12); in most cases, until guilt was proven, a person was considered innocent and even not accused. In this case, there were no reasons for the arrest, especially at night, as the Savior points out when he says to those who grabbed Him: “ It’s as if you came out against a robber with swords and staves to take Me. Every day I was with you in the temple and taught, and you did not take Me, but now is your time and the power of darkness"(Luke 22:52–53).

The trial of Christ was arranged according to the plan (conspiracy) of the Sanhedrin and thus completely fell outside the legal boundaries in content, while the leaders tried to at least partially observe the external form of legitimacy, which we will see later.

The impetuous Apostle Peter, wanting to protect Christ, took out a sword and cut off the ear of a slave (Matthew 26:51; Mark 14:47; Luke 22:50; John 18:10). Christ immediately healed the slave and forbade Peter to interfere, reminding him of the voluntariness of His suffering: “ Return your sword to its place, for everyone who takes the sword will perish by the sword, or do you think that I cannot now pray to My Father, and He will present Me with more than twelve legions of Angels?"(Matthew 26: 52–53). The Savior’s words also contain a reminder of the well-known Old Testament norm: “ Whoever sheds the blood of man, his blood will be shed by the hand of man: for man was created in the image of God"(Genesis 9:6). The Jews, who desired the death of Christ and delivered Him into the hands of the Romans, were themselves exterminated by the sword of the Romans during the Jewish War.

The guards tied Christ up, took him out of the Garden of Gethsemane and took him to Jerusalem. The disciples, fearing for their lives, fled, as predicted: “ You will all be offended because of Me this night, for it is written: I will smite the shepherd, and the sheep of the flock will be scattered."(Matthew 26:31). Of the Twelve, only the apostles Peter and John followed Christ at a distance right up to the house of the high priest. Ap. John, being known to the high priest, had the opportunity to go into the inner courtyard, and the apostle. Peter, at the request of John, was let into the outer courtyard by a maid (see: John 18: 15–16).

From the book The Holy Biblical History of the New Testament author Pushkar Boris (Bep Veniamin) Nikolaevich

The Treacherous Kiss of Judas. Matt. 26: 45-56; Mk. 14: 41-52; OK. 22: 45-52 John 18:2-12 Having finished the prayer, Christ approached the sleeping disciples. “You are still sleeping and resting! - He said to them, - It is over, the hour has come: behold, the Son of Man is given over into the hands of sinners. Get up, let's go; here, I'm getting closer

From the book of the Four Gospels author (Taushev) Averky

From the book God's Law author Slobodskaya Archpriest Seraphim

The prayer of Jesus Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane and His taking into custody Entering the Garden of Gethsemane, Jesus Christ said to His disciples: “Sit here while I pray!” Prayer for the Cup He himself, taking Peter, James and John with him, entered the depths of the garden; and began to grieve and yearn.

From the book New Bible Commentary Part 3 (New Testament) by Carson Donald

22:39-53 Prayer for ours and the taking of Jesus into custody (see: Matt. 26:36-56; Mark 14:32-50; John 18:1-11) The Garden of Gethsemane was located at the foot of the Mount of Olives. Knowing the temptations that awaited them all, Jesus encouraged the disciples to pray. Then He went away and began to pray that if

From the book A Guide to Studying the Holy Scriptures of the New Testament. Four Gospels. author (Taushev) Averky

Taking Christ into custody (Matt. 26:47-56; Mark 14:43-52; Luke 22:47-53 and John 18:2-12). All four Evangelists speak in agreement about the tradition of the Lord, and each only adds his own details that complete the picture. According to St. John, Judas brought a whole spira, that is, part of the legion,

From the book The Explanatory Bible. Volume 9 author Lopukhin Alexander

47. Taking into custody 47. And while He was still speaking, behold, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a multitude of people with swords and staves, from the high priests and the elders of the people. (?k. 14:43; Luke 22:47; John 18:3). Forecasters keep repeating the expression “one in twelve.” As if it seemed to them

From the book Orthodoxy and Creativity (collection) author Nikolaeva Olesya Alexandrovna

Kiss of Judas The greatest love story in the history of mankind is the story of God's love for people. The most monstrous betrayal in the history of the world is the betrayal of God by man. Theologians and each of us argue about what happened to Judas: the eternal “how was it possible?” And

From the book Life of Jesus Christ author Farrar Frederick William

CHAPTER LVII Gethsemane. The last struggle and taking into custody Their path passed through one of the city gates, probably through those that correspond to the current gate of St. Stephen, down the steps of the ditch, through the Wadi Kidron, which lies a hundred feet below, and then along a beautiful

From the book Conversations on the Gospel of Mark, read on radio “Grad Petrov” author Ivliev Iannuariy

c) Kiss of Judas and arrest. 14.43-52 - “And immediately, as He was still speaking, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a multitude of people with swords and staves, from the chief priests and scribes and elders. The one who betrayed Him gave them a sign, saying: Whomever I kiss, He is the One, take Him and lead

From the book The Gospel in Iconographic Monuments author Pokrovsky Nikolay Vasilievich

Chapter 4 WASHING THE FEET. THE CAPTURE OF JESUS ​​CHRIST IN THE GARDEN OF GETHSEMANE. THE TRIAL OF JESUS ​​CHRIST. DISGRACE HIM. AP RENICAL. PETRA. REPENTANCE AND DEATH OF JUDAS. CARRYING THE CROSS Washing the feet (John XIII, 4-12) in ancient Christian sculpture is repeated only three times: on sarcophagi -

From the book A Guide to the Bible by Isaac Asimov

Kiss of Judas However, the anxious wait suddenly ended with the arrival of armed men sent by the priests. Judas led them to the place where Jesus was supposed to be, a place known to Judas but not to the authorities. It was now in the silence of the night that Jesus could be taken,

From the book Fundamentals of Orthodoxy author Nikulina Elena Nikolaevna

Taking into custody Having finished the prayer, Christ approached the sleeping disciples. “You are all sleeping and resting! It is over, the hour has come: behold, the Son of Man is given over into the hands of sinners. Get up, let's go; behold, he who betrayed Me has drawn near” (Mark 14.41). Suddenly the garden was illuminated with lanterns and torches and

From the book Bible Stories author Shalaeva Galina Petrovna

From the book The Bible for Children author Shalaeva Galina Petrovna

Kiss of Judas Before Christ had time to say these words, lantern lights flashed in the garden between the trees and a whole crowd of people with weapons and sticks appeared. These were soldiers and servants whom the enemies had sent to capture Christ. Judas led them. He told them: “Whoever I kiss will

From the book Explanatory Bible by Lopukhin. The Gospel of Matthew by the author

From the book The Explanatory Bible. Old Testament and New Testament author Lopukhin Alexander Pavlovich

XXVII Decree of the Sanhedrin on the capture of Christ by cunning; betrayal of Judas. Washing the feet, the Last Supper and farewell conversation with the disciples. The prayer of Jesus Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane and its capture by soldiers When the righteous were sleeping, the wicked were plotting evil counsel. On the night of

 

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