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Types of art and their classification

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Art is a creative reflection, the reproduction of reality in artistic images.
Art exists and develops as a system of interconnected species, the diversity of which is due to the versatility of itself ( real world, displayed during the process artistic creativity.
Types of art are historically established forms of creative activity that have the ability artistic realization life content and differing in their methods material embodiment(words in literature, sound in music, plastic and color materials in fine arts, etc.).

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spatial or plastic arts
temporary or dynamic
spatio-temporal views or synthetic, spectacular
The existence of various types of art is due to the fact that none of them, by their own means, can give an artistic, comprehensive picture of the world. Such a picture can only be created by all art culture humanity as a whole, consisting of individual types of art.
fine arts architecture photography
music literature
choreography theater cinema
KINDS OF ART

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ARCHITECTURE
Architecture (Greek "architecton" - "master, builder") is a monumental art form, the purpose of which is to create structures and buildings necessary for the life and activities of mankind, meeting the utilitarian and spiritual needs of people.
The forms of architectural structures depend on geographical and climatic conditions, the nature of the landscape, the intensity sunlight, seismic safety, etc.

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ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is more closely connected with the development of productive forces and the development of technology than other arts. Architecture can be combined with monumental painting, sculpture, decorative and other forms of art. The basis of architectural composition is the volumetric-spatial structure, the organic relationship of the elements of a building or ensemble of buildings. The scale of the structure largely determines the nature of the artistic image, its monumentality or intimacy.
Architecture does not directly reproduce reality; it is not pictorial, but expressive in nature.

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ART
graphic arts
sculpture
painting
Fine Arts-Group types of artistic creativity that reproduce visually perceived reality. Works of art have an objective form that does not change in time and space.

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GRAPHIC ARTS
Graphics (translated from Greek - “I write, I draw”) are, first of all, drawings and artistic printed works (engraving, lithography). It is based on the possibilities of creating expressive artistic form by using lines, strokes and spots of different colors applied to the surface of the sheet.
Graphics preceded painting. At first, man learned to capture the outlines and plastic forms of objects, then to distinguish and reproduce their colors and shades. Mastery of color was historical process: not all colors were mastered at once.

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GRAPHIC ARTS
The specificity of graphics is linear relationships. By reproducing the shapes of objects, it conveys their illumination, the ratio of light and shadow, etc. Painting captures the real relationships of the colors of the world; in color and through color it expresses the essence of objects, their aesthetic value, verifies their social purpose, their correspondence or contradiction with the environment .
In progress historical development in the drawing and in printed graphics color began to penetrate, and now graphics include drawing with colored chalk - pastel, and color engraving, and painting with water paints - watercolor and gouache. In various literature on art history, there are different points of view regarding graphics. In some sources: graphics is a type of painting, while in others it is a separate subtype of fine art.

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PAINTING
Painting is a flat fine art, the specificity of which is to represent, using paints applied to the surface, an image of the real world, transformed by the creative imagination of the artist.
monumental fresco (from Italian Fresco) - painting on wet plaster with paints diluted in water mosaic (from French mosaiqe) an image made of colored stones, smalt (Smalt is colored transparent glass.), ceramic tiles.
easel (from the word "machine") - a canvas that is created on an easel.

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Genres of painting. Portrait.
The main task is to convey an idea of appearance person, to reveal the inner world of a person, to emphasize his individuality, psychological and emotional image.
Peter Paul Rubens. "Portrait of the Infanta Isabella's Chambermaid", c. 1625, Hermitage
Vasily Andreevich Tropinin Portrait of Pushkin

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Genres of painting. Scenery.
Landscape - reproduces the world in all its diversity of forms. Image seascape defined by the term Marinism.
Claude Monet. "Irises in Monet's Garden." 1900
Isaac Levitan. "Spring. Big water." 1897

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Genres of painting. Still life.
Still life - depiction of household items, tools, flowers, fruits. Helps to understand the worldview and way of life of a certain era.
Willem Kalf. Still life with porcelain vase, silver-gilt jug and glasses, c. 1643-1644.
Henri Fantin-Latour. Still life with flowers and fruit.

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Genres of painting. Historical.
Historical genre is a genre of painting that originates in the Renaissance and includes works not only on subjects real events, but also mythological, biblical and evangelical paintings.
The last day of Pompeii, 1830-1833, Bryullov

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Genres of painting. Domestic.
Everyday genre - reflects the daily life of people, the character, customs, traditions of a particular ethnic group.
Mural painting with everyday scenes, funerary storeroom of Nakta, Ancient Egypt
Workshop of calligraphers and miniature masters, 1590-1595.

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Genres of painting. Iconography.
Iconography (translated from Greek as “prayer image”) is the main goal of guiding a person on the path of transformation.
“Holy Trinity” by Andrei Rublev (1410)
Christ Pantocrator, one of ancient icons Christ, 6th century, Sinai Monastery

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Genres of painting. Animalism.
Animalism is the image of an animal as the main character of a work of art.
Albrecht Durer. "Hare", 1502
Franz Marc, "Blue Horse", 1911

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SCULPTURE
Sculpture is a spatially visual art that explores the world in plastic images. The main materials used in sculpture are stone, bronze, marble, and wood. At the present stage of development of society and technological progress, the number of materials used to create sculpture has expanded: steel, plastic, concrete and others.

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SCULPTURE
monumental
monuments monuments memorials
easel
designed for close-up inspection and intended for interior decoration.
decorative
used for household decoration (small plastic items)

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DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS
Decorative and applied art is a type of creative activity for creating household items intended to satisfy the utilitarian and artistic and aesthetic needs of people.
Decorative and applied arts include products made from a variety of materials and using various technologies. The material for a DPI item can be metal, wood, clay, stone, bone. Very diverse technical and artistic techniques manufacturing of products: carving, embroidery, painting, embossing, etc. Main characteristic feature the subject of DPI is decorativeness, which consists in imagery and the desire to decorate, make better, more beautiful.

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DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS

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DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS
Decorative and applied arts have national character. Since it comes from the customs, habits, and beliefs of a certain ethnic group, it is close to their way of life. An important component of decorative and applied arts are folk arts and crafts - a form of organization artistic work, based on collective creativity, developing local cultural traditions and focused on the sale of handicrafts.

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Wood carving
Bogorodskaya
Abramtsevo-Kudrinskaya

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Wood painting
Polkhov-Maidanskaya Mezenskaya

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Wood painting
Khokhloma Gorodetskaya

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Decorating birch bark products
birch bark embossing painting

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Artistic stone processing
hard stone processing soft stone processing

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Bone carving
Kholmogorskaya
Tobolskaya

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Miniature painting on papier-mâché
Fedoskino miniature
Mstera miniature
Palekh miniature

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Artistic metal processing
Veliky Ustyug black silver
Rostov enamel
Zhostovo metal painting

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Gzhel ceramics Skopin ceramics
Folk ceramics
Dymkovo toy Kargopol toy

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Lace making
Vologda lace
Mikhailovskoe lace

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Painting on fabric
Pavlovsk scarves and shawls

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Main folk crafts of Russia
Colored interlace
Embroidery
Vladimirskaya
Gold embroidery

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LITERATURE
Literature is a type of art in which the material carrier of imagery is the word. The sphere of literature includes natural and social phenomena, various social cataclysms, the spiritual life of the individual, and his feelings. In its various genres, literature embraces this material either through a dramatic reproduction of action, or through an epic narration of events, or through lyrical self-revelation inner world person.

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Literature
artistic
educational
historical
scientific
reference

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MUSICAL ART
Music - (from the Greek musike - lit. - the art of muses), a type of art in which the means of embodying artistic images are organized musical sounds in a certain way. Basic elements and means of expression music - mode, rhythm, meter, tempo, volume dynamics, timbre, melody, harmony, polyphony, instrumentation. Music is recorded in musical notation and realized in the process of performance.

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MUSICAL ART
Music is shared
- into genres - song, chorale, dance, march, symphony, suite, sonata, etc.
- for types and types - theatrical (opera, etc.), symphonic, chamber, etc.;

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CHOREOGRAPHY
Choreography (gr. Choreia - dancing + grapho - writing) is a type of art, the material of which is the movements and poses of the human body, poetically meaningful, organized in time and space, constituting an artistic system.

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CHOREOGRAPHY
Dance interacts with music, together with it forming a musical and choreographic image. In this union, each component depends on the other: the music dictates its own patterns to the dance and at the same time is influenced by the dance. In some cases, the dance can be performed without music - accompanied by clapping, tapping heels, etc. The origins of the dance were: imitation of labor processes; ritual celebrations and ceremonies, the plastic side of which had a certain regulation and semantics; a dance that spontaneously expresses in movements the culmination of a person’s emotional state.

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PHOTO ART
A specific feature of photographic art is the organic interaction of creative and technological processes in it. Photographic art developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of the interaction of artistic thought and the progress of photographic science and technology. Its emergence was historically prepared by the development of painting, which focused on a mirror-like accurate image visible world and used the discoveries of geometric optics (perspective) and optical instruments (camera obscura) to achieve this goal. The specificity of photographic art is that it provides a visual image of documentary significance.

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FILM ARTS
Cinema is the art of reproducing moving images captured on film on the screen, creating the impression of living reality. Cinema invention of the 20th century. Its appearance was determined by the achievements of science and technology in the field of optics, electrical and photographic engineering, chemistry, etc.
The cinema conveys the dynamics of the era; Working with time as a means of expression, cinema is able to convey the succession of various events in their internal logic.

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The presentation was made by Tatyana Aleksandrovna Vashchenko Thank you for your attention!!

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Art is form human activity, artistic creativity, manifested in various types– painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, dance, theater, cinema, design activities. This is a special way of understanding and reflecting the world. With its help and with the help of science, man tries to comprehend, reflect and transform the world. Art is studied by the science of aesthetics (from the Greek asthetikos - sensual, feeling) - it explores the essence and forms of beauty in artistic creativity, general laws arts that manifest themselves in different ways.

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Features: Art is characterized by a sensory perception of the surrounding world. Art is subjective - only by passing through the world around him can a person claim the title of creator. The imagery of art - it is the creation of an artistic image that distinguishes art. For an artist, the means of understanding the world is an artistic image - born of the artist’s imagination individual perception reality.

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Types: literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, theater, cinema, etc. They are distinguished by the means and methods of creating an artistic image. Types are combined into groups: Spatial - occupy some part of space, do not change over time and are in motion (painting, architecture, sculpture) Temporal - change over time while they are enjoyed (literature, music, theater) Speech and visual Visual and auditory Synthetic arts– strive to combine the achievements of other species.

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Art movements - Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, classicism, romanticism, realism, etc. There is a mixture of movements - modernism, expressionism, avant-gardeism, abstractionism, surrealism, postmodernism, etc. They are distinguished by the closeness of the images they use to convey their own vision of the world to reality. modernism gothic

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DIRECTIONS, TRENDS AND STYLES OF ART. ART DIRECTIONS WE KNOW MANY HISTORICAL ART DIRECTIONS: ROMANCE AND GOTHIC STYLES, BAROQUE, CLASSICISM, ROMANTICISM, REALISM ART MODERNS MODERNISM, EXPRESSIONISM, AVANT-GARDISM, ABSTRACTIONISM , SURREALISM, POSTMODERNISM. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEM IS THE REALITY OF THE IMAGE OF TRANSMISSION OF THE VISION OF THE WORLD.

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CONTEMPORARY ART CONTEMPORARY ART HAS NO STRICT CANON MODERN ART

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IN MODERN ART, THE CREATOR CONSTRUCTS HIS ILLUSORY WORLD, HE CHANGES OWN AND OUR PERCEPTION OF THE WORLD. EVERYTHING LEADS TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE INFINITY OF THE WORLD OF HUMAN POSSIBILITIES, THUS CONTEMPORARY ART IS A SINGLE MOVING FERRIZ WHEEL WITH A CONSTANTLY CHANGING POINT OF VIEW. THE VERY PROCESS OF PERCEPTION OF A WORK OF ART IS TURNED INTO A “DECODE” OF SIGNIFICANTLY SYMBOLIC COMBINATIONS. BUT THIS MAKES CONTEMPORARY ART TRULY INTERNATIONAL.

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Art, being publicly accessible, requires from a person a certain skill, mastery of perception of beauty - aesthetic culture. Understanding beauty and harmony is not given from birth, it must be nurtured.

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AESTHETIC CULTURE. AESTHETIC CULTURE - A PERSON’S ABILITY TO PERCEIVE AN EXCELLENT UNDERSTANDING OF BEAUTY AND HARMONY MUST BE EDUCATED, IT IS NOT GIVEN FROM BIRTH.

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The artist received freedom of expression, and the consumer received freedom of choice. From underground, culture entered the market and was forced to meet the demands of the public and generate profit - to be self-sustaining. In this situation, the Russian market was occupied by Western products. During the first economic crisis, the state weakened its support for the cultural sector; new conditions forced a change in the cultural infrastructure. Cultural life concentrated in Moscow and major cities. During this period, many turned to religious beliefs. Changes in cultural guidelines were painful, but they posed challenges for society regarding the spiritual and moral atmosphere in the country.

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A way out of the problem has been found: Material support for infrastructure, well-established management, regulation and financing are needed. Strengthening and updating the education system, restoring means and ways of attracting the masses to cultural processes. Support for domestic art, development of scientific research. Fostering tolerance with support national traditions. Self-development.

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STRUCTURE OF ART. TYPES OF ART CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED BY THE MEDIUM AND MATERIAL IN WHICH THE ARTISTIC IMAGES ARE REALIZED. SOUND IN MUSIC, LINE AND PALETTE IN PAINTING GERMAN PHILOSOPHER F. SCHELLING - CLASSIFICATION - INTO IDEAL AND REAL ARTS. REAL - MUSIC, PAINTING, IDEAL - POETRY, LITERATURE. POETRY IS THE HIGHEST FORM OF CREATIVITY. CLASSIFICATIONS: 1. SPATIAL OR PLASTIC - ARCHITECTURE, FINE ARTS. 2. TEMPORARY OR DYNAMIC - LITERATURE AND MUSIC. 3. SPATIAL-DYNAMIC OR SYNTHETIC OR spectacle - THEATER, CIRCUS, ETC. SOCIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION - ELITE, FOLK, MASS.

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Everyone knows what art is. Everyone talks about art, expresses their opinions, their judgments, makes their assessments, but no one can clearly say what art is. There is no definition of art. Many thinkers have studied this phenomenon. Aristotle, Socrates, Hegel, Leonardo da Vinci, Kant, Belinsky, Chernyshevsky, Tolstoy, Plekhanov, Kandinsky, Malevich, Mironov... There was no satisfactory definition of art.

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First of all, art is a means of conveying the artist’s feelings; it allows us to preserve for future generations the spiritual experience accumulated by humanity. Thanks to art, there is an exchange of thoughts, feelings, aspirations, without which human existence is unthinkable. Thus, thanks to the genius of Homer, Raphael, Shostakovich, we become smarter, sharper, and spiritually richer. This is the so-called communicative (from the Latin communicatio - message) function of art.

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The educational function of art plays a huge role. Any of us can admit that he took pleasure in learning many vivid and unforgettable information from works of art A. Dumas, J. Verna, M. Sholokhova. Even the ancient Greeks noticed an amazing property of art: to teach while entertaining. N.G. Chernyshevsky also had this same feature of art in mind when he said that art is a textbook of life that even those who do not like other textbooks read with pleasure. F. Engels noted that from Balzac's novels he learned much more about the history of French society than from the works of specialists. But even more important is the ability of art to reveal the secrets of a person’s spiritual world, thanks to which it becomes not only a means of knowledge, but also an instrument of self-knowledge. Revealing before us spiritual world his heroes, the artist gives us the opportunity to know ourselves, to understand in ourselves what without the help of art we would never have noticed or comprehended.

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Everyone has experienced the educational function of art. By educating, art addresses not only our thoughts, but also our feelings; it requires from us not only understanding, but also empathy, and this latter sinks into the depths of our consciousness. Art allows us to feel and experience something that has never happened to us before. real life, and thereby educates us, forcing us to make a choice and take certain positions. Thus, art becomes a means of not only emotional, but also ideological education.

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For the average person it seems clear and understandable that art is a manifestation of beauty; and beauty explains for him all questions of art. L. Tolstoy

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PAINTING

This is an image of artistic images in color. The word “painting” means to paint, that is, to write life. The art of painting was known in ancient times.

Oils and oils are used in painting watercolor paints, tempera, gouache.

Paintings are created on a plane (paper, canvas, wood, glass, wall).

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EASEL PAINTING

Easel painting is intended only for rooms and halls. These are paintings created on an easel (i.e., on a “machine”).

These works can be freely transferred from place to place.

V. Serov. Girl with peaches.

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MONUMENTAL PAINTING

Monumental painting is associated with architecture. These are large paintings that decorate the building inside and outside on the walls and ceilings. These are paintings, frescoes, mosaics, stained glass windows.

Our Lady of Vladimir.

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MINIATURE PAINTING

Miniature painting decorates items of applied art, including jewelry. These are small paintings that decorate handwritten books, medallions, watches, vases, and bracelets.

N. Suloeva. Lyudmila in the Chernomor garden.

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DECORATIVE PAINTING

Theatrically – decorative painting associated with the design of the stage, with the production of scenery

Decorative painting for decorating buildings in the form of colorful panels, as well as household items (caskets, caskets, chests, dishes).

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SCULPTURE

“Skulno” (lat.) - “I cut out”, “I carve”. These are three-dimensional images of a person or animal, made in any material (wood, clay, plaster, stone, metal).

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MONUMENTAL SCULPTURE

Monumental - has large sizes and forms, because it is placed on streets, in parks, on the facades of houses and in spacious halls (monuments, decorative sculpture, reliefs).

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EASEL SCULPTURE

The easel painting does not exceed the depicted object in size. Located indoors, in residential buildings, museums, squares, parks. These are statues, portraits, genre scenes.

Boy's head. Ancient Rome. 1st century n. e.

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Its name comes from “grapho” (Greek) – “I write”, “I draw”, “I draw”.

This is an image (drawing) made on paper or cardboard with a pen, pencil, charcoal, ink, felt-tip pens using lines, dashes, dots, and strokes. Graphics come in black and white and color. Graphic works are drawings, sketches, sketches, book illustrations, labels, newspaper and magazine cartoons, posters, posters, fonts for books.

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EASEL GRAPHICS

• Easel graphics decorate offices, galleries, and apartment walls.
• Types of graphics – engraving, etching (on copper), lithography (on stone), woodcut (on wood)

Dutch engraving.

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BOOK GRAPHICS

Book graphics are related to the book. These are not only illustrations, but also typography. I. Bilibin.

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INDUSTRIAL GRAPHICS

Industrial graphics are associated with industrial products (design of packaging, stamps, postcards, certificates, labels, booklets, etc.).

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VOLUMETRIC STRUCTURES

• Civil structures - residential buildings, government buildings, business buildings
• Cultural buildings - temples, churches, mosques, synagogues.

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LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Landscape architecture planning of squares, boulevards, parks, gazebos, bridges, fountains.

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URBAN PLANNING

Urban planning is the creation of new cities and towns, as well as the reconstruction (renewal) of aged settlements.

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DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ARTS

“Decor” (Latin) means “to decorate”, and “applied” indicates that things can be used in Everyday life. These are artistically designed objects that a person uses in everyday life (dishes, furniture, fabrics, tools, weapons, clothing, jewelry, carpets).

It has long been decorative - applied arts(DPI) were carried out by folk craftsmen - individually, united in craft artels, workshops, workshops or by forming folk crafts.

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Presentation - Types of art

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Kinds of art
Prepared by: Limanskaya Anna, 8 b

Art - specific type reflection and formation of reality by man in the process of artistic creativity in accordance with certain aesthetic ideals. Types of art are divided into 3 main types: 1) Spatial; 2) temporal; 3) spatio-temporal.

1. SPATIAL TYPES OF ART Spatial arts are divided into: - into fine Arts: painting, sculpture, graphics, photography and others; non-fine arts: architecture, decorative and applied arts and artistic construction (design).

SPATIAL Fine arts Fine art is a type of art that main feature which is the reflection of reality in visual, visually perceptible images. Fine arts include:
painting,
graphic arts,
sculpture,
photographic art

PAINTING is a type of fine art, works of which are created on a plane using colored materials. Painting is divided into:
easel
monumental
decorative

GRAPHICS - the art of depicting objects contour lines and strokes. Sometimes the graphics allow the use of colored spots.

SCULPTURE is a type of fine art, the works of which have a physically material, objective volume and three-dimensional form located in real space. The main objects of the sculpture are humans and images of the animal world. The main types of sculpture are round sculpture and relief.

PHOTOART - the art of creating artistic photography

SPATIAL Non-visual arts
design (artistic design).
architecture
decorative and applied arts,

ARCHITECTURE - the art of: - design and construction of buildings; and - creating artistically expressive ensembles.

DECORATIVE ART is a field of plastic arts, the works of which, along with architecture, artistically shape the material environment surrounding a person. decorative arts divided into: - monumental and decorative art; - decorative and applied arts; and - design art.

DESIGN - artistic construction of the objective world; development of models of rational construction subject environment. - creative activity, the purpose of which is to determine the formal qualities of industrial products

2. TEMPORARY TYPES OF ART Temporary types of art include: 1) music; 2) fiction.

Music is an art form that reflects reality in sound artistic images. Music can convey emotions and feelings of people, which is expressed in rhythm, intonation, and melody. According to the method of performance, it is divided into instrumental and vocal.
. Music is also divided into: folk and classical modern jazz military spiritual

Fiction is a type of art that uses words and structures of natural (written human) language as the only material. Literature is a written form of word art, in the broad sense of the word: the totality of any written texts.

3. SPATIO-TEMPORAL (spectacular) TYPES OF ART These types of art include: 1) dance; 2) theater; 3) cinema; 4) circus art.

DANCE is an art form in which artistic images are created by means of plastic movements and rhythmically clear and continuous changes in the expressive positions of the human body. Dance is inextricably linked with music, the emotional and figurative content of which is embodied in its choreographic composition, movements, figures

THEATER is a type of art that reflects reality, characters, events, conflicts, their interpretation and evaluation through dramatic action that arises during the actor’s performance in front of the public. In the course of historical development, three main types of theater were identified, differing specific signs and means artistic expression: drama, opera and ballet theaters.

CINEMA - a type of art whose works are created by filming real, or specially staged, or using the means of animation of events, facts, and phenomena of reality. This is a synthetic art form that combines literature, theater, visual arts and music.