1.2 Bazarov’s tragic loneliness

Despite the extreme popularity of the democratic movement, Turgenev's Bazarov is very lonely. “There are not as few of us as you think,” he says to Pavel Petrovich. But in the novel we do not see Bazarov’s true like-minded people. Pisarev is looking for the reason for loneliness in the fact that he has not yet met a person “who would not give up in front of him. Bazarov alone, by himself, stands at the cold heights of sober thought, and this loneliness is not hard for him, he is completely absorbed in himself and work...”*.

In Russia at this time a whole generation of common democrats, students of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, and Pisarev, had already grown up. And who are Bazarov’s associates? He often says “we,” although the writer never once mentioned any of his hero’s true comrades.

But the novel presents his imaginary students and followers. This is, first of all, Arkady, who moves from the category of “children” to the category of “fathers”. Arkady’s passion for Bazarov is nothing more than a tribute to his youth.

Their relationship cannot be called friendship, which is based on deep mutual understanding. Evgeny Bazarov wanted to re-educate Arkady, to make him “one of his own,” but very soon he became convinced that this was impossible. “Eh! “Yes, I see, you definitely intend to follow in your uncle’s footsteps,” Bazarov perspicaciously notes. - You gentle soul, you weakling, where can you hate!..” And yet it is difficult for Bazarov to part with Arkady, to whom he was sincerely attached.

In the novel, Arkady is the best of Bazarov’s “students”. His other followers are depicted satirically. Just as Repetilov vulgarized the ideas of the Decembrists, Sitnikov and Kukshina vulgarized the ideas of the sixties. They see in nihilism only the negation of all old moral norms and enthusiastically follow this new “fashion”.

Bazarov is lonely not only in friendship, but also in love. In his feelings for Odintsova, he reveals himself as a strong, passionate and deep nature. Even here his superiority over the people around him is manifested. Pavel Petrovich's love for Princess R. was humiliating. Arkady's feeling for Odintsova was a slight infatuation, while his love for Katya was the result of submission weak nature stronger.

Bazarov loves differently. Before meeting Odintsova, he obviously did not know true love. His first words about this woman are rude. But his rudeness, caused by disgust for " beautiful words" should not be confused with cynicism. The attitude of the provincial “society” towards Madame Odintsova, who insulted her with dirty gossip, was cynical. Bazarov immediately saw in her an extraordinary person and singled her out from the circle of provincial ladies: “She’s not like the other women.” Bazarov's swagger in a conversation with a new acquaintance was evidence of his embarrassment and even timidity. Odintsova understood everything “and it even flattered her. The vulgarity alone repulsed her, but no one would blame Bazarov for vulgarity.”

Odintsova deserves him in many ways. And this also elevates Bazarov. If he fell in love with an empty, insignificant woman, his feeling would not inspire respect. He willingly shares his thoughts with Anna Sergeevna and sees her as an intelligent interlocutor.

Refuting the novel’s hero’s views on love, the writer makes him experience something that Bazarov himself rejected: “In conversations with Anna Sergeevna, he expressed his indifferent contempt for everything romantic even more than before, and when left alone, he was indignantly aware of the romanticism in himself.”

In the scenes of Bazarov’s explanations with Anna Sergeevna, one is captivated by his characteristic stern directness and honesty. Eugene openly calls her an aristocrat and condemns in her what is alien to him. From his words, Odintsova could conclude that this man, no matter how much he loved, would not sacrifice his beliefs in the name of love.

But that wasn't what scared her away. Some critics argued that Turgenev was debunking his hero, showing that love broke Bazarov, unsettled him, that in the last chapters of the novel he is no longer the same as he was known at the beginning. Yes, indeed, unhappy love leads Bazarov to a severe mental crisis. Everything falls out of his hands, and his infection itself seems not so accidental: a person in a depressed mental state becomes careless.

But Bazarov did not give up the fight against his pain, did not become limp, and did not humiliate himself in front of his beloved. He strives with all his might to overcome despair within himself, he is angry at his pain. And if not for death, he might have been able to cope with this pain.

Ability to true love Turgenev always considered it important for assessing a person. The writer shows that Bazarov is superior in love to the “district aristocrats,” including the intelligent and charming, but mentally cold and selfish Odintsova. The nihilist Bazarov is capable of loving deeply and strongly.

Bazarov’s tragic loneliness is manifested not only in his communication with his imaginary friend and beloved woman, but also in his relationships with the people, reviews of which are also contradictory. And by his origin, and occupation, and mentality, and thoughts, the hero of the novel is much closer to the peasants than Pavel Petrovich, although he reproaches Bazarov that he “does not know the Russian people.” It is not for nothing that Bazarov’s speech is so close to the people. “You condemn my direction,” he says to Pavel Petrovich, “but who told you that it is accidental in me, that it is not caused by the very spirit of the people in whose name you advocate so much? »

Let us remember how, in disputes with Pavel Petrovich and Arkady Bazarov, it would seem that he spoke disparagingly about Russian peasants. But he spoke not against the people, but against affection for their backwardness, superstition, and ignorance. “People believe that when thunder roars, it Elijah the prophet rides in a chariot across the sky. What? Should I agree with him? Bazarov is convinced that nihilism is caused by the interests of ordinary men, caused by the “folk spirit.” The hero of the novel is not inclined to idealize the people, seeing their patience and slavery; freedom will hardly benefit him, “because our peasant is happy to rob himself just to get drunk on dope in a tavern.”

Turgenev himself shared this point of view of his hero. “All the true deniers that I knew, without exception (Belinsky... Herzen, Dobrolyubov...), follow their own path only because they are more sensitive to the demands folk life", he wrote.

Many democrats of the 60s emphasized the importance of a sober attitude towards the peasantry and refusal to idealize it. Therefore, it is not surprising that harsh judgments about the people are heard more than once in Bazarov’s mouth: “The Russian peasant will devour God.” In the second half of the work, Bazarov even seems to despise the people for their prejudices, passivity, delusions, witchcraft, and drunkenness. In the twenty-first chapter, he speaks very skeptically about the future of men and his own: “... I hated this last man, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to go out of my way and who won’t even say thank you to me... and why should I thank him? ? Well, he will live in a white hut, and a burdock will grow out of me; Well, what next?”

Such judgments about the people are born of the author’s desire to lower the image of his hero and endow him with anti-democratic remarks. Therefore, Bazarov cruelly ironizes the village peasant, making fun of him and the Slavophile idea of ​​​​the strength of the peasantry: “... it will begin from you new era in history. You will give us a real language and laws.” To the words he does not understand, the man replies “... but the master’s will is against ours, that is, the world; therefore you are our fathers. And the more strictly the master demands, the nicer it is to the peasant.” Bazarov is bitter to hear these slavish manifestations of obedience and obsequiousness. So he “shrugged his shoulders contemptuously and turned away.” It is characteristic that Bazarov “... possessed a special ability to arouse trust in himself among inferior people, although he never indulged them and treated them carelessly.” The servants “felt that he was still his brother, not a master.” Both the maid Dunyasha and Peter brightened up when they met the guest, and the yard boys “ran after the doctor” like “little dogs,” feeling a special, genuine sympathy for him.

Wanting to emphasize his loneliness, his premature appearance in Russia, his doom, Turgenev wants to show the depth of the abyss that separates Bazarov from the people. “Alas! - says Turgenev, - who shrugged his shoulder contemptuously, who knew how to talk to the peasants, Bazarov, this self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in their eyes he was, after all, something of a fool...”

Evgeny Bazarov is a young man, a convinced nihilist. The main position of his life is denial. He is a man of deep intelligence, a man of science. Evgeniy treats any manifestations with contempt human feelings, considering it “unforgivable nonsense.” In I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” Bazarov has several friends and associates who adhere with him to the theory of nihilism.

By saying “we,” he implies someone’s support from the outside, and yet, Bazarov is in some way alone.

It's hard to say what exactly influenced

the formation of the character of Evgeny Bazarov and the formation of his personality. In my opinion, it is worth turning to the time when his parents instilled in him an understanding of the foundations of life. Bazarov went through a harsh school of life, grew up independent, and had the dignity of never asking his parents for money, considering it low. Since childhood, he kept his parents at a distance, not letting them get too close to him, not opening his soul to them. Although, of course, he loved them, thereby expressing concern.

Bazarov has a high self-esteem - quite justifiably. He is lonely in the company of ordinary people who are not interesting to him. Among those who spend their lives on empty things, on art, he is bored. Just like among those who compose tragedies for themselves, endure them steadfastly, believing in their strength, and afterwards are proud of themselves. He is bored and sad among those who live and think only about feelings, which are often long lost. Evgeniy considers himself above this. Having determined the only correct vector later life- science, he moves in the chosen direction, without getting wasted on vanity. Perhaps he would like to go through life not alone, to have a faithful ally, an equally deeply convinced nihilist.

This is what he himself says about this: “When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me, then I will change my opinion about myself.” It is possible that he saw this comrade-in-arms in Odintsova’s face. But it’s unlikely that he thought exactly like that when his feelings took possession of him.

Odintsova is the only person to whom he was ready to open up, he abandoned all his convictions for her sake. If Anna Sergeevna had reciprocated his feelings, and who knows, perhaps Bazarov would have changed beyond recognition, become a family man and read the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin to the children in the evenings. In this case, Evgeny would now be the prototype of Nikolai Petrovich. Fortunately or unfortunately, this did not happen. She rejected him and he got burned. Bazarov had to again become convinced of the uselessness of love feelings, but again he could no longer deny them.

To summarize, I would like to say that Bazarov is comfortable and naturally in the company of himself and science, without suffering from loneliness.

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Evgeny Bazarov is a young man, a convinced nihilist. The main position of his life is denial. He is a man of deep intelligence, a man of science. Evgeniy treats any manifestations of human feelings with contempt, considering it “unforgivable stupidity.” In I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Bazarov has several friends and associates who adhere with him to the theory of nihilism.

By saying “we,” he implies someone’s support from the outside, and yet, Bazarov is in some way alone.

It is difficult to say what exactly influenced the formation of Evgeny Bazarov’s character and the formation of his personality. In my opinion, it is worth turning to the time when his parents instilled in him an understanding of the foundations of life. Bazarov went through a harsh school of life, grew up independent, and had the dignity of never asking his parents for money, considering it low. Since childhood, he kept his parents at a distance, not letting them get too close to him, not opening his soul to them. Although, of course, he loved them, thereby expressing concern.

Bazarov has a high self-esteem - quite justifiably. He is lonely in the company of ordinary people who are not interesting to him. Among those who spend their lives on empty things, on art, he is bored. Just like among those who compose tragedies for themselves, endure them steadfastly, believing in their strength, and afterwards are proud of themselves. He is bored and sad among those who live and think only about feelings, which are often long lost. Evgeniy considers himself above this. Having determined the only correct vector for his future life - science, he moves in the chosen direction, without wasting himself in vanity. Perhaps he would like to go through life not alone, to have a faithful ally, an equally deeply convinced nihilist.

This is what he himself says about this: “When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me, then I will change my opinion about myself.” It is possible that he saw this comrade-in-arms in Odintsova’s face. But it’s unlikely that he thought exactly like that when his feelings took possession of him.

Odintsova is the only person to whom he was ready to open up, he neglected all his beliefs for her sake. If Anna Sergeevna had reciprocated his feelings, and who knows, perhaps Bazarov would have changed beyond recognition, become a family man and read A.S. fairy tales to children in the evenings. Pushkin. In this case, Evgeny would now be the prototype of Nikolai Petrovich. Fortunately or unfortunately, this did not happen. She rejected him and he got burned. Bazarov had to again become convinced of the uselessness of love feelings, but again he could no longer deny them.

To summarize, I would like to say that Bazarov is comfortable and naturally in the company of himself and science, without suffering from loneliness.

Updated: 2017-02-19

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Useful material on the topic

Bazarov's loneliness. Evgeny Bazarov is the main character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” He - new person, the future is behind him. Bazarov is a complex, ambiguous figure.

From the very beginning of the novel, we feel that Bazarov is sharply different from the people around him. His appearance is very unusual: when describing it, Turgenev draws attention to his red naked hand - the hand of a working man. The hero's manners and behavior are unusual. Arriving at the Kirsanovs' estate, Bazarov got down to business from the very morning: catching frogs, doing chemical experiments.

Bazarov is also unusual in his views, which he immediately begins to express in sharp polemics with Pavel Petrovich. He denies government structure Russia - autocracy, serfdom, denies all authorities. He is a nihilist, and his nihilism extends to Eternal values: beauty of nature, art, love. It is this challenge that is everlasting life values puts the hero in a situation of tragic loneliness.

Indeed, Bazarov is very lonely in life. Only at the beginning of the novel does he attract people with his unusualness. The yard boys become attached to him, they run after him “like little dogs.” Fenechka fell in love with him because he treated her and her child well. However, already in the first chapters it is clear that a very important value is missing in his life - true friendship.

His relationship with Arkady can only at first glance be called friendship - there is no genuine spiritual community in them, it is rather a relationship between a teacher and a careless student. It is no wonder that this relationship turned out to be unstable.

Bazarov has no followers, no people with whom he would do the same thing. Bazarov studied at Heidelberg University, but the novel says nothing about Bazarov’s student life or his connections with student circles. And although Bazarov constantly refers to himself as “we” (“We guessed...”, “We saw...”), but this “we, apparently, consists of the same identical people as Bazarov - people who do not need communication together. Sitnikov and Kukshina are just parodies of Bazarov’s way of life, highlighting the tragic loneliness of the hero.

Bazarov's love is tragic. After all, having fallen in love, he feels a deep discrepancy between his own soul and his own views. The origins of the tragedy of Bazarov's love are not in Odintsova's aristocracy. The problem is that Bazarov himself, having fallen in love, does not want love and runs away from it. And most importantly: where is the line that separates the bazaars’ love from hatred of the woman they love. This is what the hero looks like at the moment of explanation with Odintsova: “. ..passion beat within him, strong and heavy - a passion similar to anger and, perhaps, akin to it. The feeling, cruelly suppressed, finally broke through, but it broke through with destructive force.

This force gradually destroys Bazarov’s personality. Last days and Evgeniy’s watches have a tragic overtones. Each remark addressed to Madame Odintsova is a bundle of suffering, not physical, but spiritual: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I don’t. And who is needed? This is the tragic result of the thirst for activity.

Bazarov - tragic hero. I. S. Turgenev wrote about him: “I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, evil, honest - still doomed to death, because it still stands on the threshold of the future. The source of the hero's suffering and loneliness is the prematureness of his appearance. But at the same time, this hero is a bold anticipation of future achievements.